Ese icyo ari cyo Leukemiya y'Ububiribwa bw'Umusatsi? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n'Ubuvuzi

Leukemiya y'ububiribwa bw'umusatsi ni ubwoko bwa kanseri y'amaraso buke cyane bugira ingaruka kuri B-lymphocytes zawe, izo akaba ari i cellules z'amaraso yera zifasha mu kurwanya indwara. Iryo zina rikomoka ku buryo izo cellules zitajyanye zisa kuri mikoroskopi - zifite ibice bito bimeze nk'umusatsi biva ku mubiri wazo.

Iyi kanseri ikura buhoro buhoro ikunda kwibasira abantu bakuze bageze hagati, abagabo bakaba bafite amahirwe menshi inshuro enye kurusha abagore. Nubwo ijambo "leukemiya" rishobora gutera ubwoba, leukemiya y'ububiribwa bw'umusatsi ikunda gutera gahoro gahoro, kandi abantu benshi babaho ubuzima buzuye, bukora neza bafite ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya leukemiya y'ububiribwa bw'umusatsi?

Abantu benshi bafite leukemiya y'ububiribwa bw'umusatsi ntibabona ibimenyetso mbere kuko iyi kanseri ikura gahoro gahoro. Iyo ibimenyetso bigaragaye, akenshi biba bito kandi bishobora kumera nk'aho uri mubi cyangwa urwanya ibicurane bidashira.

Ibimenyetso bisanzwe ushobora guhura na byo birimo kumva unaniwe cyangwa ushake cyane, nubwo ubonye ijoro rihagije. Ibi bibaho kuko i cellules zitajyanye zituza i cellules z'amaraso zikora neza zitwara ogisijeni mu mubiri wawe.

Dore ibimenyetso bikunda kugaragara uko iyi ndwara ikomeza gutera imbere:

• Kunaniuka no gutakaza imbaraga bidashira bidakira n'ubwo waruhuke
• Kwandura kenshi cyangwa indwara zikira gahoro
• Kubabara cyangwa kuva amaraso byoroshye, harimo no kuva mu mazuru cyangwa mu menyu
• Kumva wuzuye vuba iyo uriye cyangwa kubabara mu nda
• Gutakaza ibiro bitazwi
• Guhumeka nabi mu gihe ukora ibikorwa bisanzwe
• Ububobere bw'ingingo z'amaraso, nubwo ibi bidahagaragara cyane

Kumva wuzuye nyuma yo kurya bike bibaho kuko umwijima wawe ushobora kuba munini ugerageza gukuraho i cellules zitajyanye. Bamwe babivuga nk'aho bafite ikintu kiremereye mu ruhande rw'ibumoso.

Birakwiye ko tumenya ko ibyo bimenyetso bishobora kuba bifite izindi mpamvu nyinshi, nyinshi muri zo zikaba zisanzwe kandi zidafite akaga kurusha leukemiya y'ububiribwa bw'umusatsi. Ariko rero, niba ufite bimwe muri ibyo bimenyetso igihe kirekire, bihoraho, birakwiye kujya kwa muganga.

Ni iki giteza leukemiya y'ububiribwa bw'umusatsi?

Impamvu nyamukuru ya leukemiya y'ububiribwa bw'umusatsi ntiyaramenyekana neza, ariko abashakashatsi bamenye ibintu by'ingenzi bigira uruhare mu iterambere ryayo. Kimwe na kanseri nyinshi, isa nkaho iterwa n'impinduka z'imiterere y'imibiri y'abantu ziba buhoro buhoro aho kuba ikintu urazwe n'ababyeyi bawe.

Abahanga bamenye ko hafi abantu bose bafite leukemiya y'ububiribwa bw'umusatsi bafite impinduka runaka mu miterere y'imibiri y'abantu yitwa BRAF V600E. Iyo mpinduka ituma B-lymphocytes zikura cyane kandi zikabaho igihe kirekire kurusha uko bikwiye, bigatuma izi cellules zitajyanye "z'ububiribwa bw'umusatsi" zikura.

Bitandukanye na kanseri zimwe na zimwe, leukemiya y'ububiribwa bw'umusatsi isa nkaho idafitanye isano n'imibereho nk'uko kunywa itabi, ibyo kurya, cyangwa kwibasirwa na produits chimiques. Ntabwo ari indwara yandura, kandi ntushobora kuyanduza undi muntu cyangwa kuyiha abagize umuryango wawe.

Iyo mpinduka itera iyi ndwara isa nkaho ibaho ku buryo butunguranye mu gihe cy'ubuzima bw'umuntu. Ibi bivuze ko nta kintu wakora kugira ngo uyirinde.

Ugomba kujya kwa muganga ryari ufite ibimenyetso bya leukemiya y'ububiribwa bw'umusatsi?

Wagombye gutekereza kujya kwa muganga niba ufite kunanuka bidashira, kwandura kenshi, cyangwa kuva amaraso bidasanzwe bikamara ibyumweru birenga bike. Nubwo ibyo bimenyetso bisanzwe biterwa n'izindi ndwara zisanzwe, ni ingenzi kubimenyesha muganga.

Witondere cyane niba ubona ibimenyetso byinshi biba hamwe, cyane cyane niba biguhungabanya ibikorwa byawe bya buri munsi. Urugero, niba unaniwe cyane kandi ukaba unarwara ibicurane kurusha uko bisanzwe, cyangwa niba ubabara byoroshye kandi ugira ikibazo cyo guhumeka.

Ntugatege amatwi niba ufite ibimenyetso bibangamira nk'umunaniro ukabije utakiza n'ubwo waruhuke, gutakaza ibiro bitazwi, cyangwa indwara zisa nkaho zikomeza igihe kirekire kurusha uko bikwiye. Kumenya hakiri kare no kuvurwa birashobora kugira uruhare runini mu gucunga iyi ndwara neza.

Wibuke ko muganga wawe ariho kugufasha kumenya icyo kibazo. Ashobora gukora ibizamini by'amaraso bishobora gutanga amakuru y'ingenzi ku buzima bwawe muri rusange niba hari ibindi bizamini bikenewe.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago bya leukemiya y'ububiribwa bw'umusatsi?

Kumenya ibintu byongera ibyago bishobora kugufasha gusobanukirwa iyi ndwara, ariko ni ingenzi kumenya ko kuba ufite ibintu byongera ibyago ntibisobanura ko uzagira leukemiya y'ububiribwa bw'umusatsi. Abantu benshi bafite ibintu byongera ibyago ntibabona iyi ndwara.

Ikintu cyongera ibyago cyane ni ukuba umugabo ukize. Abagera kuri 80% by'abantu bapimwe bafite leukemiya y'ububiribwa bw'umusatsi ni abagabo, kandi imyaka y'imyaka y'abantu bapimwe ni hagati ya 50 na 55. Ariko rero, ishobora kugaragara mu bantu bakuze cyangwa mu bakuze.

Dore ibintu by'ingenzi bishobora kongera ibyago byawe:

• Kuba umugabo (amahirwe menshi inshuro enye kurusha abagore)
• Kuba ufite imyaka iri hagati ya 40 na 60
• Kuba ufite inkomoko y'Abayahudi ba Ashkenazi (ibyago biyongera gato)
• Kuba ufite amateka y'indwara z'amaraso mu muryango (isano idasanzwe)

Bitandukanye na kanseri nyinshi, leukemiya y'ububiribwa bw'umusatsi isa nkaho idafitanye isano n'ibintu byo mu kirere, ubuvuzi bwa kanseri mbere, cyangwa amahitamo y'imibereho. Ibi bishobora gutera ihumure kuko bivuze ko nta kintu wakora kugira ngo uyirinde.

Birakwiye kandi ko tumenya ko leukemiya y'ububiribwa bw'umusatsi ari nke cyane, ikaba iboneka ku bantu babiri kuri buri 100.000. Nubwo ufite ibintu byinshi byongera ibyago, amahirwe yo kugira iyi ndwara aguma ari make cyane.

Ni ibihe bibazo bishobora guterwa na leukemiya y'ububiribwa bw'umusatsi?

Ibibazo byinshi biterwa na leukemiya y'ububiribwa bw'umusatsi bikura gahoro gahoro kandi bishobora gucungwa neza uko bikwiye. Ikibazo gikomeye ni uko i cellules zitajyanye zituza i cellules z'amaraso zikora neza, ibyo bikaba bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bushobozi bw'umubiri wawe bwo kurwanya indwara no kugenzura kuva amaraso.

Ikibazo gisanzwe ni ukwiyongera kw'ibyago byo kwandura kuko ntufite i cellules z'amaraso yera zikora neza zikurinda. Izo ndwara zishobora gukira gahoro cyangwa zikaba zikomeye kurusha uko bisanzwe.

Dore ibibazo ushobora guhura na byo:

• Kwandura kenshi cyangwa bikomeye kubera umubare muke w'i cellules z'amaraso yera
• Kubabara cyangwa kuva amaraso byoroshye kubera umubare muke w'i plaquettes
• Anemie itera kunanuka no guhumeka nabi
• Umujima munini ushobora gutera ububabare mu nda
• Ububobere bw'amasogwe y'igitugu (fibrosis) mu bihe bidahagaragara
• Kanseri zindi, nubwo ibi bidahagaragara

Umujima munini ni ikintu gisanzwe kandi bibaho kuko uwo mwijima ukora cyane ugerageza gukuraho i cellules zitajyanye. Nubwo ibi bishobora gutera ububabare, bisanzwe bikira neza uko bikwiye.

Inkuru nziza ni uko ubuvuzi bugezweho, ibibazo bikomeye bigenda bigabanuka. Abantu benshi bafite leukemiya y'ububiribwa bw'umusatsi bashobora kwitega kubaho igihe kirekire iyo iyi ndwara icungwa neza n'abaganga.

Leukemiya y'ububiribwa bw'umusatsi ipima gute?

Gupima leukemiya y'ububiribwa bw'umusatsi bisanzwe bitangira hakoreshejwe ibizamini by'amaraso bigaragaza ibintu bidasanzwe, nko kugabanuka kw'umubare w'i cellules z'amaraso cyangwa kubaho kw'i cellules zisa nabi. Muganga wawe ashobora gutegeka ibyo bizamini niba ufite ibimenyetso cyangwa nk'igice cyo gusuzuma ubuzima bwawe.

Intambwe y'ingenzi yo gupima harimo gusuzuma i cellules z'amaraso yawe n'iz'amasogwe y'igitugu kuri mikoroskopi. Inzobere yatojwe ishobora kumenya isura y'ububiribwa bw'umusatsi y'izi B-lymphocytes zitajyanye, ari nako iyi ndwara iba ifite izina.

Dore icyo uburyo bwo gupima busanzwe burimo:

1. Ibizamini byuzuye by'amaraso (CBC) kugira ngo harebwe urwego rw'i cellules z'amaraso zose
2. Gusuzuma amaraso kugira ngo harebwe imiterere n'ubunini bw'i cellules
3. Flow cytometry kugira ngo hamenyekane ibimenyetso byihariye by'i cellules
4. Gupima amasogwe y'igitugu kugira ngo harebwe ubwoko n'umubare w'i cellules
5. Ibizamini by'imiterere y'imibiri y'abantu kugira ngo harebwe impinduka ya BRAF
6. CT scan kugira ngo harebwe imyanya y'umubiri minini

Gupima amasogwe y'igitugu bishobora gutera impungenge, ariko bisanzwe bikorwa nk'ubuvuzi bw'inyuma utabitse mu bitaro. Abantu benshi babivuga nk'ibintu bidahagaze neza aho kuba bibabaza, kandi bitanga amakuru y'ingenzi yo gutegura ubuvuzi bwawe.

Kubona ibizamini byuzuye bisanzwe bifata iminsi mike kugeza ku cyumweru ibizamini byose birangiye. Ikipe yawe y'abaganga izakugendera buri ntambwe kandi ikasobanura icyo bashaka, kugira ngo usobanukirwe neza icyo kibazo.

Ni ubuhe buvuzi bwa leukemiya y'ububiribwa bw'umusatsi?

Ubuvuzi bwa leukemiya y'ububiribwa bw'umusatsi bwateye imbere cyane mu myaka mike ishize, kandi abantu benshi bagera ku kirenge cy'igihe kirekire bafite ubuvuzi buoroshye. Inkuru nziza ni uko iyi ndwara ikunda kwakira neza ubuvuzi, nubwo isanzwe idakira burundu.

Si buri wese ukeneye ubuvuzi ako kanya. Niba umubare w'i cellules z'amaraso zawe ari nta kibazo kandi ntufite ibimenyetso, muganga wawe ashobora kugutegeka gukurikiranwa aho kuvurwa ako kanya. Ubwo buryo, bwitwa "kureba no gutegereza", bukuberaho kwirinda ingaruka mbi z'ubuvuzi keretse bibaye ngombwa.

Iyo ubuvuzi bukenewe, amahitamo asanzwe kandi akora neza arimo:

• Cladribine (2-CdA) - imiti yo kuvura kanseri itangwa mu mitsi cyangwa mu muzingo
• Pentostatin - ikindi kivuriro cya kanseri gifite ingaruka zimeze kimwe
• Rituximab - ubuvuzi bugamije kwibasira ibimenyetso byihariye by'i cellules
• Interferon alpha - ikoreshwa gake ariko ikora ku bantu bamwe
• Abakora BRAF - imiti mishya igenewe abarwayi bafite ubudahangarwa
• Gukuraho umwijima (splenectomy) - gake ariko bishobora gufasha bamwe

Cladribine ikunze kwitwa ubuvuzi bwiza kuko butuma abantu bagera kuri 85% bakira burundu nyuma y'ubuvuzi bumwe gusa. Ubuvuzi busanzwe burimo gutanga imiti buri munsi mu gihe cy'iminsi irindwi, kandi abantu benshi barabwihanganira neza.

Niba kanseri isubira nyuma yo kuvurwa bwa mbere, ibyo bishobora kuba nyuma y'imyaka myinshi, ubuvuzi bumwe busanzwe burakora. Abantu benshi banyura mu bihe byo kuvurwa no gukira, babaho ubuzima busanzwe, bukora hagati y'ubuvuzi.

Wacunga ute leukemiya y'ububiribwa bw'umusatsi iwawe?

Gucunga leukemiya y'ububiribwa bw'umusatsi iwawe byibanda ku gushyigikira ubuzima bwawe muri rusange no gukorana n'abaganga bawe. Kubera ko iyi ndwara igira ingaruka ku buhumekero bwawe, gufata ingamba zo kwirinda indwara biba by'ingenzi.

Kurya indyo yuzuye irimo imbuto, imboga, na poroteyine zidafite amavuta bishobora gufasha gushyigikira ubudahangarwa bwawe n'imbaraga zawe. Ntukeneye gukurikiza indyo yihariye, ariko kwibanda ku biribwa biryohereye bishobora kugufasha kumva umeze neza mu gihe cyo kuvurwa no gukira.

Dore intambwe ushobora gufata kugira ngo ushyigikire ubuzima bwawe:

• Koga intoki kenshi kandi neza
• Kwirinda imihana mu gihe cy'icyorezo cy'icurane
• Kwakira inkingo zisabwa (ariko wirinda inkingo z'abazima)
• Kunywa amazi ahagije no kurya ibiryo biryohereye
• Kuryama bihagije no gucunga umunaniro
• Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri uko bishoboka
• Kwitondera ibimenyetso byo kwandura no kubibwira muganga vuba

Witondere imbaraga zawe kandi ntukarengere imbaraga zawe mu minsi yumva unaniwe. Abantu benshi basanga ibikorwa byoroshye nko kugenda, koga, cyangwa yoga bifasha kubungabunga imbaraga zabo n'imitekerereze yabo batarambirwa.

Komeza wibuke ibimenyetso byose cyangwa impinduka mu buryo wumva, kandi ntutinye kuvugana na muganga wawe ufite ibibazo cyangwa impungenge. Bakwishimira kumva ibibazo bito kuruta gutegereza ko ikibazo kigira ingaruka zikomeye.

Wategura ute uruzinduko rwawe kwa muganga?

Gutegura uruzinduko rwawe bishobora kugufasha gukoresha neza igihe cyawe hamwe na muganga wawe kandi bikwemerera kubona ibisubizo by'ibibazo byawe byose. Tegura kwandika ibimenyetso byawe, igihe byatangiye, n'icyo bibafasha cyangwa kibitera.

Zana urutonde rw'imiti yose, ibintu byongera imbaraga, na vitamine ufata, harimo n'ibintu ugura udafite ubwishingizi. Nanone, kora urutonde rw'ibyemezo by'ubuvuzi, cyane cyane ibisubizo by'ibizamini by'amaraso niba ubifite.

Dore ibyo ugomba gutegura mbere y'uruzinduko rwawe:

• Urukurikirane rw'ibimenyetso byawe n'igihe biba
• Urukurikirane rwuzuye rw'imiti harimo n'umwanya
• Amateka y'ubuzima bw'umuryango, cyane cyane kanseri y'amaraso
• Urukurikirane rw'ibibazo ushaka kubaza
• Amakuru y'ubwishingizi n'irangamuntu
• Umuntu w'umuryango cyangwa inshuti ukunda kugira ngo aguhe inkunga

Ibibazo by'ingenzi ushobora kubaza birimo ibizamini bikenewe, icyo ibisubizo bisobanura, ubuvuzi bushobora gukoreshwa, n'icyo ugomba kwitega mu gihe kiri imbere. Ntukabe umuntu ubaza ibibazo byinshi - ikipe yawe y'abaganga ishaka ko usobanukirwa neza iyi ndwara.

Tegura kuzana umuntu ukuri kumwe. Kugira amatwi abiri bishobora kugufasha iyo ubonye amakuru mashya menshi, kandi bashobora kugufasha mu gihe ushobora kumva uhangayitse.

Ni iki gikuru wakuramo kuri leukemiya y'ububiribwa bw'umusatsi?

Leukemiya y'ububiribwa bw'umusatsi ni ubwoko bwa kanseri y'amaraso buke ariko bukavurwa neza, busanzwe bukura gahoro kandi bukagira ingaruka nziza ku buvuzi bugezweho. Nubwo kubona ubuvuzi bwa kanseri bishobora gutera ubwoba, iyi ndwara ifite imwe mu myanya myiza mu kuvura kanseri y'amaraso.

Abantu benshi bafite leukemiya y'ububiribwa bw'umusatsi bashobora kwitega kubaho igihe kirekire bafite ubuvuzi bukwiye. Ubuvuzi buhari ubu burakora cyane, kandi abantu benshi bagera ku kirenge cy'igihe kirekire nyuma y'ubuvuzi bumwe gusa.

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko nturi wenyine muri uru rugendo. Ikipe yawe y'abaganga ifite ubunararibonye bwinshi mu kuvura iyi ndwara, kandi hari ubuvuzi burakora. Abantu benshi bafite leukemiya y'ububiribwa bw'umusatsi bakomeza gukora, gukora ingendo, no kwishimira ibikorwa byabo bisanzwe nta kibazo.

Ibanda ku gukora ibintu buhoro buhoro, komeza ube hafi y'abantu bagufasha, kandi ube ufite itumanaho ryiza n'abaganga bawe. Ufite ubuvuzi bukwiye no gukurikiranwa, hari impamvu yo kwiringira ubuzima bwawe bw'ejo hazaza n'imibereho myiza.

Ibibazo byakunda kubazwa kuri leukemiya y'ububiribwa bw'umusatsi

Ese leukemiya y'ububiribwa bw'umusatsi irazwa?

Leukemiya y'ububiribwa bw'umusatsi ntisanzwe irazwa n'ababyeyi bawe. Nubwo hashobora kubaho ibyago biyongera gato niba ufite abagize umuryango bafite kanseri y'amaraso, umubare munini w'ibibazo bibaho ku buryo butunguranye kubera impinduka z'imiterere y'imibiri y'abantu ziba mu gihe cy'ubuzima bw'umuntu. Ntushobora guha abana bawe iyi ndwara binyuze mu mimerere yawe.

Umuntu ashobora kubaho igihe kingana iki afite leukemiya y'ububiribwa bw'umusatsi?

Abantu benshi bafite leukemiya y'ububiribwa bw'umusatsi babaho igihe kirekire cyangwa hafi ya cyo iyo bavuwe neza. Iyi ndwara ikura gahoro gahoro, kandi ubuvuzi buhari ubu burakora cyane. Abantu benshi babaho imyaka myinshi nyuma yo gupimwa, kandi bamwe bashobora gukenera ubuvuzi bumwe gusa kugira ngo bagire igihe kirekire cyo gukira kidamarayo imyaka myinshi.

Ese leukemiya y'ububiribwa bw'umusatsi irashobora gukira burundu?

Nubwo leukemiya y'ububiribwa bw'umusatsi isanzwe idakira burundu, ishobora gucungwa neza igihe kirekire. Abantu benshi bagera ku kirenge cy'igihe kirekire bafite ubuvuzi, bivuze ko nta cellules zitajyanye zishobora kuboneka mu maraso cyangwa mu masogwe y'igitugu. Nubwo iyi ndwara isubira nyuma y'imyaka myinshi, isanzwe ikora neza ku buvuzi bumwe.

Icyo gukira bisobanura iki kuri leukemiya y'ububiribwa bw'umusatsi?

Gukira bisobanura ko umubare w'i cellules z'amaraso zawe usubiye ku rugero rusanzwe kandi i cellules zitajyanye z'ububiribwa bw'umusatsi zitakiboneka mu maraso yawe cyangwa mu masogwe y'igitugu. Gukira burundu ntibisobanura ko wakize, ariko bisobanura ko ubuvuzi bwabaye bwiza cyane. Abantu benshi baguma mu kirenge cy'igihe kirekire cyangwa imyaka myinshi batakenera ubuvuzi bundi.

Hariho amabwiriza y'ibiryo kuri leukemiya y'ububiribwa bw'umusatsi?

Nta mabwiriza yihariye y'ibiryo kuri leukemiya y'ububiribwa bw'umusatsi ubwayo. Ariko rero, niba umubare w'i cellules z'amaraso yera yawe ari muke, muganga wawe ashobora kugutegeka kwirinda ibiryo bibisi cyangwa bitetse nabi bishobora kongera ibyago byo kwandura. Ibanda ku kurya indyo yuzuye, iraryoshye kugira ngo ushyigikire ubuzima bwawe muri rusange n'ubudahangarwa bwawe. Itegereze kuvugana n'abaganga bawe ku kibazo cyose cy'ibiryo.