Umuhumekero wa Hantavirus ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n’Ubuvuzi

Umuhumekero wa Hantavirus (HPS) ni indwara y’ibihaha idahwitse ariko ikaba ikomeye iterwa no guhumeka utubutane twanduye virusi ya hantavirus. Iyi virusi iterwa ahanini n’imbeba z’inzovu n’izindi mbeba zo muri Amerika y’Amajyaruguru na Amerika y’Epfo.

Nubwo izina ryayo rishobora gutera ubwoba, gusobanukirwa HPS bishobora kugufasha gufata ingamba zoroshye zo kwirinda wowe n’umuryango wawe. Iyi ndwara ibaho iyo utubutane duto twa virusi tubaye mu kirere duturutse ku mwanda w’imbeba, inkari, cyangwa ibintu byo kubaka ibyari byazo, hanyuma ukabuhumeka mu bihaha byawe.

Ibimenyetso by’Umuhumekero wa Hantavirus ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso bya HPS bigaragara mu byiciro bibiri bitandukanye, bitangira nyuma y’ibyumweru 1 kugeza kuri 8 nyuma yo kwandura virusi. Icyiciro cya mbere kigira ishusho nk’iy’umwijima ukomeye, ibyo bishobora gutuma bigorana kubimenya mu ntangiriro.

Mu cyiciro cya mbere, ushobora kugira ibi bimenyetso bisanzwe bishobora kumara iminsi myinshi:

• Umuriro mwinshi (ukunda kuba hejuru ya 101°F cyangwa 38.3°C)
• Kubabara cyane kw’imikaya, cyane cyane mu mugongo, mu bitugu, no mu mavi
• Kubabara cyane umutwe bidakira neza n’imiti isanzwe yo kugabanya ububabare
• Gukonja no guhinda umuriro
• Isesemi, kuruka, no kubabara mu nda
• Kuzenguruka no kunanirwa bikabije

Icyiciro cya kabiri kigaragara mu buryo butunguranye kandi kigizwe n’ibibazo bikomeye byo guhumeka. Ibi bikunda kubaho nyuma y’iminsi 4 kugeza kuri 10 ibimenyetso bya mbere bitangiye, kandi ni bwo iyi ndwara iba ikomeye cyane.

Icyiciro cyo guhumeka gitera ibi bimenyetso bikomeye bisaba ubuvuzi bw’ibanze:

• Guhumeka nabi bikomeye byihuse
• Inkorora yumye ishobora kutabyara ibinyabutabire
• Kuvumba amazi mu bihaha, bigatuma guhumeka bigorana cyane
• Umutima ukubita cyane uko umubiri uhangayikishijwe no kubona umwuka uhagije
• Igitsure cy’amaraso gito gishobora gutera ishoke

Icyatuma HPS iba ikomeye cyane ni uburyo ibibazo byo guhumeka bishobora kuba byihuse. Abantu benshi bumva bameze neza nyuma y’icyiciro cya mbere nk’icy’umwijima, ariko bagahura n’ikibazo gikomeye cyo guhumeka mu masaha make.

Impamvu z’Umuhumekero wa Hantavirus ni izihe?

HPS iterwa n’ubwoko butandukanye bwa hantavirus, virusi ya Sin Nombre ikaba ari yo ikunze kugaragara cyane muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Izi virusi ziba mu mbeba runaka zitazirwara.

Abakwirakwiza hantavirus ni imbeba z’inzovu, zisangwa hafi ya hose muri Amerika y’Amajyaruguru. Izindi mbeba zitwara iyi virusi zitandukanye bitewe n’akarere, ariko zishobora kuba harimo imbeba z’ipamba, imbeba z’umuceri, n’imbeba z’ibirenge byera.

Ushobora kwandura binyuze mu nzira nyinshi, nubwo kudakoraho imbeba bitari ngombwa:

• Guhumeka utubutane tw’umukungugu twanduye n’amashashi y’imbeba, inkari, cyangwa amacandwe
• Gukora ku bintu byanduye hanyuma ukakora ku kanwa, mu mazuru, cyangwa mu maso
• Kurumwa n’imbeba yanduye (nubwo ibi bidahagaragara cyane)
• Kurya ibiryo byanduye n’imbeba yanduye

Iyi virusi iba mu kirere iyo umwanda wumye w’imbeba uhindutse mu gihe cyo gusukura, kwimura ibintu byabitswe, cyangwa gusana ahantu imbeba zabaga.

Ni ngombwa kumenya ko HPS idakwirakwira kuva ku muntu ku wundi muri Amerika y’Amajyaruguru, bitandukanye n’izindi virusi za hantavirus zisangwa mu bindi bice by’isi. Ntukwiye kuyandura kuva ku nyamaswa zo mu rugo nka gato, imbwa, cyangwa izindi nyamaswa.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera Umuhumekero wa Hantavirus?

Ukwiye gushaka ubuvuzi bw’ibanze niba ufite ibimenyetso nk’iby’umwijima mu gihe cy’ibyumweru 6 nyuma yo kwandura imbeba, cyane cyane mu turere tw’icyaro cyangwa amashyamba. Gusuzuma kwa muganga hakiri kare ni ingenzi kuko HPS ishobora gutera imbere vuba.

Hamagara muganga wawe ako kanya niba ufite umuriro, ububabare bw’imikaya, no kunanirwa nyuma yo gusukura ahantu imbeba zishobora kuba zari.

Jya kwa muganga ako kanya niba ufite ibibazo byo guhumeka, cyane cyane niba byihuse. Ntugatege amatwi niba ufite guhumeka nabi, umutima ukubita cyane, cyangwa ukumva udashobora gufata umwuka.

Uko wakira ubuvuzi bw’ibanze vuba, ni ko amahirwe yo gukira aba menshi. Abaganga bashobora gutanga ubuvuzi bwo gutera inkunga buzamura cyane ibyavuye mu buvuzi iyo bwatangiye hakiri kare mu ndwara.

Ibyago by’Umuhumekero wa Hantavirus ni ibihe?

Ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe n’ahantu bimwe byongera ibyago byo kwandura hantavirus, nubwo umuntu wese ashobora guhura n’imbeba zanduye. Gusobanukirwa ibi byago bigufasha gufata ingamba zikwiye.

Ibintu by’aho umuntu aba bigira uruhare runini mu kigero cy’ibyago:

• Kuba mu turere tw’icyaro, cyane cyane mu burengerazuba bwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika
• Kumara igihe mu turere hari imbeba nyinshi z’inzovu
• Gusura uturere hagaragayeho HPS mbere
• Kujya mu mashyamba cyangwa mu turere tw’ubwatsi aho imbeba ziba nyinshi

Ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe n’imirimo imwe na imwe bishobora kongera ibyago byo kwandura:

• Gusukura ibyari, ibyumba, cyangwa izindi nyubako
• Gufungura cyangwa gusukura ibyari cyangwa amazu y’ibiruhuko nyuma y’igihe kirekire atariho
• Guca ibiruhuko, gutembera, cyangwa gukora mu turere hari imbeba nyinshi
• Ubuhinzi, cyane cyane mu bubiko bw’ibinyampeke
• Kubaka cyangwa gusana inyubako zo mu cyaro
• Umurimo wo kurwanya indwara ziterwa n’udukoko, cyane cyane gusukura imbeba

Ibihe by’umwaka bigira uruhare mu byago, aho ingero nyinshi ziba mu mpeshyi no mu ntangiriro z’igura, iyo abantu baba bashobora gusukura no gufungura inyubako zari zifunze mu mezi y’itumba.

Ingaruka zishoboka z’Umuhumekero wa Hantavirus ni izihe?

HPS ishobora gutera ingaruka zikomeye zibangamira guhumeka n’imikorere y’umutima. Gusobanukirwa izi ngaruka bishobora gusobanura impamvu ubuvuzi bw’ibanze ari ingenzi cyane.

Ingaruka zikomeye kandi zikunze kugaragara harimo:

• Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), aho ibihaha byawe byuzuzwa amazi
• Ishoke iterwa n’umutima, aho umutima wawe udashobora gutera amaraso ahagije mu ngingo z’umubiri
• Igitsure cy’amaraso gito cyane gishobora gutera gucika kw’imikorere y’ingingo
• Ibibazo by’impyiko bitewe no kugabanuka kw’amaraso
• Indwara ziterwa na bagiteri mu bihaha

Mu bihe bikomeye, ushobora gukenera ubufasha bwo kuvura mu bitaro, harimo no gufashwa guhumeka n’imashini. Bamwe mu bantu bakenera imiti yo gutera inkunga imikorere y’umutima no kubungabunga igitsure cy’amaraso.

Inkuru nziza ni uko abantu barokotse icyiciro gikomeye cya HPS bakira neza nta kibazo cy’ibihaha mu gihe kirekire. Ariko kandi, inzira yo gukira ishobora kumara ibyumweru cyangwa amezi, kandi ushobora kumva unaniwe muri icyo gihe.

Umuhumekero wa Hantavirus ushobora kwirindwa gute?

Kwirinda byibanda ku kwirinda kwandura imbeba n’ibintu byanduye. Uburyo bwiza ni ugukora ahantu hatari heza ku mbeba no gusukura neza ahantu zishobora kuba zari.

Tangira ukore ahantu hatari heza ku mbeba:

• Funga ibyuho n’ibice byangiritse mu nzu yawe, ku bicanwa, no ku gisenge
• Bitse ibiryo mu bikoresho bidakoraho imbeba byakozwe mu cyuma cyangwa pulasitike ikomeye
• Bitse ibiryo by’amatungo mu bikoresho bifunze neza kandi usukure vuba ibyasakaye
• Kuraho ibiti, ibiti by’inkwi, n’ibintu byanduye hafi y’inzu yawe
• Gabanya ibiti, ibiti by’inkwi, n’ibintu byanduye hafi y’inzu yawe
• Koresha imitego y’imbeba aho gukoresha uburozi niba ukeneye kugenzura imbeba

Mu gihe usukura ahantu imbeba zabaga, komeza ibi bintu by’umutekano:

• Koresha utwenda tw’ikaramu n’agapfukamunwa cyangwa agapfukamunwa k’umwuka
• Fungura ahantu hamaze iminota 30 mbere yo gusukura
• Kurasa amashashi n’ahantu byanduye ukoresheje amazi asukura afite 10% ya bleach
• Kwirinda gukoresha ibikoresho byo gukuraho umukungugu, bishobora kuzamura utubutane twanduye mu kirere
• Koresha uburyo bwo gusukura amazi n’amazi asukura
• Joga ibintu byanduye mu mifuka ya pulasitike ifunze

Niba uri mu biruhuko cyangwa urimo gutembera, hitamo ahantu ho kurara hatari hafi y’aho imbeba ziboneka. Bitse ibiryo mu bikoresho bifunze neza kandi wirinda kurara hasi aho imbeba zishobora kunyura.

Umuhumekero wa Hantavirus upimwa ute?

Kumenya HPS bisaba guhuza ibimenyetso byawe, amateka yo kwandura, n’ibipimo byihariye bya laboratoire. Muganga wawe azatangira akubaza ibibazo byinshi ku bikorwa byawe bya vuba aha n’aho ushobora kuba waranduye imbeba.

Uburyo bwo gupima burimo intambwe nyinshi. Ubwa mbere, umuganga wawe azakora isuzuma rya physique kandi asuzume ibimenyetso byawe neza. Azita ku guhumeka kwawe, umutima ukubita, n’igitsure cy’amaraso.

Ibisubizo by’amaraso ni ingenzi mu kumenya HPS:

• Ibisubizo by’antibody kugira ngo umenye uko umubiri wawe urwanya hantavirus
• Ibisubizo bya PCR bishobora kumenya ibintu bya virusi mu maraso yawe
• Igipimo cyuzuye cy’amaraso kugira ngo urebe impinduka z’uturemangingo tw’amaraso
• Ibisubizo byo gupima umwuka n’imikorere y’ingingo

Muganga wawe ashobora kandi gutegeka amafoto y’ibihaha cyangwa CT scan kugira ngo asuzume ibihaha byawe niba hari amazi cyangwa ibindi bintu. Ibi bipimo byo gufata amashusho bifasha kumenya uburemere bw’ibibazo by’ibihaha no kuyobora imyanzuro y’ubuvuzi.

Kuko ibimenyetso bya HPS bishobora kumera nk’ibindi bibazo nk’indwara y’ibihaha cyangwa umwijima, umuganga wawe ashobora gukora ibindi bipimo kugira ngo akureho ibindi bintu bishobora kuba byarateye indwara yawe.

Ubuvuzi bw’Umuhumekero wa Hantavirus ni buhe?

Kuri ubu, nta muti udasanzwe uravura HPS, bityo ubuvuzi bugamije gutera inkunga imikorere y’umubiri wawe mu gihe ubudahangarwa bwawe buhangana n’indwara. Uko wakira ubufasha bw’ibanze vuba, ni ko amahirwe yo gukira aba menshi.

Kuvurwa mu bitaro ni ingenzi mu kuvura HPS, kandi ushobora gukenera gukurikiranwa cyane. Itsinda ryawe ry’abaganga rizahora rikurikirana uko uhagaze mu guhumeka, imikorere y’umutima, n’igitsure cy’amaraso mu gihe cyose ukiri kuvurwa.

Ubuvuzi bwo gutera inkunga bushobora kuba:

• Ubuvuzi bw’umwuka kugira ngo ubone umwuka uhagije mu maraso
• Guhumeka hakoreshejwe imashini niba udashobora guhumeka neza
• Imiti yo gutera inkunga imikorere y’umutima n’igitsure cy’amaraso
• Kwita cyane ku mavumba kugira ngo wirinde ibibazo by’ibihaha
• Kuvura izindi ndwara zishobora kuba zaje

Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, uburyo bwo kuvura bwitwa extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) bushobora kuba ngombwa. Ubu buryo bugezweho bufasha umutima n’ibihaha byawe by’agateganyo, bigaha izi ngingo umwanya wo gukira.

Itsinda ryawe ry’abaganga rizahora rikurikirana imikorere y’impyiko zawe kandi rikatanga ubufasha bundi niba bikenewe. Igihe cyo gukira gitandukanye, ariko abantu benshi barokotse icyiciro gikomeye bashobora kwitega gusubira mu buzima busanzwe mu byumweru cyangwa amezi.

Uko wakwitaho mu gihe ufite Umuhumekero wa Hantavirus

Kwita kuri HPS bisaba ubuvuzi bw’abaganga mu bitaro, ariko gusobanukirwa icyo witeze bishobora kugufasha wowe n’umuryango wawe gutegura inzira yo gukira. Itsinda ryawe ry’abaganga rizashinzwe ibintu bikomeye by’ubuvuzi mu gihe wowe uba utekereza kuruhuka no gukira.

Mu gihe uri mu bitaro, ushobora gutera inkunga gukira kwawe ukomeza amabwiriza y’abaganga bawe. Ibi birimo gufata imiti yatanzwe, kwitabira imyitozo yo guhumeka niba byasabwe, no gutanga raporo ku mpinduka zose wumva.

Abo mu muryango wawe bashobora gufasha bakomeza kuvugana n’abaganga bawe no gutanga inkunga yo mu mutima. Bagomba kandi gufata ingamba zo kwirinda kwandura imbeba, cyane cyane niba bafasha gusukura cyangwa gutegura inzu yawe kugira ngo usubire.

Nyuma yo kuva mu bitaro, gukira bikomeza mu rugo hamwe no gukurikiranwa buri gihe. Ushobora kumva unaniwe mu byumweru byinshi, ibyo ni ibisanzwe kuko umubiri wawe ukomeza gukira iyi ndwara ikomeye.

Uko wakwitegura kujya kwa muganga

Mu gihe ushaka ubuvuzi bw’ibanze kubera HPS, kwitegura bishobora gufasha umuganga wawe gupima neza vuba. Igihe ni ingenzi muri iyi ndwara, bityo komora amakuru y’ingenzi mbere yo kujya kwa muganga.

Tegura urutonde rw’ibimenyetso byawe, harimo igihe buri kimenyetso cyatangiye n’uburemere bwacyo. Andika ibikorwa byawe by’ibyumweru 6 bishize, utekereze cyane ku kintu cyose gishobora kuba cyarateye kwandura imbeba.

Zana aya makuru y’ingenzi mu ruzinduko rwawe:

• Urutonde rw’ibimenyetso byose hamwe n’amatariki yatangiye
• Amateka ya vuba aha yo kugenda, cyane cyane mu turere tw’icyaro cyangwa amashyamba
• Ibikorwa byo gusukura cyangwa gusana ahantu hari umukungugu
• Guca ibiruhuko, gutembera, cyangwa ibikorwa byo hanze mu byumweru 6 bishize
• Imiti ukoresha n’ibintu ufite allergy
• Amakuru y’abantu bo mu muryango wawe cyangwa inshuti

Ntugatege amatwi kuvuga ibikorwa bishobora kuba bidafite aho bihuriye, nko gusura ibyari, gusukura garage, cyangwa gukora mu byari. No kwandura utubutane twanduye bishobora gutera indwara.

Niba urwaye cyane, reka umuntu aguherekeze cyangwa hamagara serivisi z’ubuvuzi bw’ibanze. Umutekano wawe ni wo w’ingenzi, kandi abaganga bafite ibikoresho byo guhangana n’ibibazo byihuse.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya ku Umuhumekero wa Hantavirus

HPS ni indwara ikomeye ariko ishobora kwirindwa iterwa no guhumeka utubutane twanduye hantavirus kuva ku mbeba zanduye. Nubwo ari nke, isaba ubuvuzi bw’ibanze kuko ishobora gutera imbere vuba ikagera ku bibazo bikomeye byo guhumeka.

Ikintu cy’ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko kwirinda ari ingirakamaro cyane. Ingamba zoroshye nko gufunga ahantu imbeba zinjiriramo mu nzu yawe, kubitsa ibiryo neza, no gukoresha uburyo bwo gusukura buteganijwe bishobora kugabanya cyane ibyago byo kwandura.

Niba ufite ibimenyetso nk’iby’umwijima nyuma yo kwandura imbeba, ntutegereze gushaka ubuvuzi. Ubuvuzi bw’ibanze butera imbere cyane ibyavuye mu buvuzi, kandi abantu benshi bakira ubuvuzi bw’ibanze bakira neza.

Wibuke ko HPS idakwirakwira kuva ku muntu ku wundi, bityo ntukeneye guhangayika no kuyikwirakwiza mu muryango wawe cyangwa inshuti. Ibanda ku kubona ubuvuzi bw’ibanze no gukurikiza ingamba zo kwirinda kugira ngo wirinde wowe n’abandi kwandura mu gihe kizaza.

Ibibazo bikunze kubaho ku Umuhumekero wa Hantavirus

Wavura hantavirus kuva ku nyamaswa zo mu rugo nka hamsters cyangwa guinea pigs?

Oya, ntushobora kwandura hantavirus kuva ku nyamaswa zo mu rugo nka hamsters, guinea pigs, gerbils, cyangwa imbeba zo mu rugo. Virusi ziterwa na HPS ziterwa n’imbeba zo mu gaso, cyane cyane imbeba z’inzovu n’izindi mbeba.

Imbeba zo mu rugo zirerwa mu bihuru kandi ntizitwara virusi nk’izo mu gaso. Ariko kandi, birakwiye ko woga intoki nyuma yo gufata inyamaswa zo mu rugo kandi ukomeza ubusuku bw’ibyari byazo.

Hantavirus imara igihe kingana iki mu kirere?

Hantavirus ishobora kuba mu mashashi y’imbeba yumye n’umukungugu wanduye iminsi myinshi cyangwa ibyumweru, bitewe n’ibihe by’ikirere. Virusi ibaho igihe kirekire mu bihe bikonje kandi byuzuye amazi kandi ihita ishira mu bihe bishyushye kandi byumye.

Izuba ry’izuba n’amazi asukura asanzwe nka bleach birwanya virusi. Niyo mpamvu gusukura neza hakoreshejwe amazi asukura ari ingenzi mu gihe uhura n’ahantu imbeba zabaga.

Hari urukingo rwa hantavirus?

Kuri ubu, nta rukingo rwa hantavirus ruri muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Kwirinda binyuze mu kugenzura ibidukikije no gusukura neza bikomeza kuba uburyo bwiza bwo kwirinda kwandura.

Abashakashatsi bakomeza gukora ku gukora inkingo, ariko kuri ubu, kwibanda ku kugabanya imbeba mu rugo rwawe no gukurikiza uburyo bwo gusukura buteganijwe ni bwo burinda cyane.

Ugomba gukora iki niba ubonye amashashi y’imbeba mu rugo rwawe?

Niba ubonye amashashi y’imbeba, ntutinye, ariko fata ingamba zikwiye mbere yo gusukura. Fungura ahantu hamaze igihe, hanyuma wambare utwenda tw’ikaramu n’agapfukamunwa mu gihe usukura.

Kurasa amashashi ukoresheje amazi asukura afite 10% ya bleach hanyuma uyareke iminota mike mbere yo kuyasukura ukoresheje impapuro. Kwirinda gukoresha ibikoresho byo gukuraho umukungugu, kuko bishobora kuzamura utubutane twanduye mu kirere.

Umuhumekero wa Hantavirus uhagaragara gute?

HPS ni nke cyane, aho ingero zigera kuri 20 kugeza kuri 40 zirasohoka buri mwaka muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Ingero nyinshi ziba mu turere tw’icyaro tw’iburengerazuba, nubwo ingero zagaragaye mu gihugu hose.

Nubwo iyi ndwara ikomeye iyo ibaye, ibyago rusange ku bantu benshi ni bike cyane. Gufata ingamba zo kwirinda bituma ibyago bigabanuka, bityo nta mpamvu yo guhangayika cyane kuri iyi ndwara.