Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome ni indwara yandura idakunze kugaragara, itangira ikarangwa n'ibimenyetso bisa n'iby'umururumba, ikagenda yihuta ikagera ku ndwara ikomeye. Ishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye ku mutima no mu mpyiko, bikaba byahitana umuntu. Iyi ndwara izwi kandi nka hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome.

Hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa hantavirus bushobora gutera hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Bitwarwa n'inyamaswa nto zitandukanye. Inyamaswa nto ikunze kubitwara cyane muri Amerika ya Ruguru ni imbeba y'inkazi. Ikenshi, kwandura biterwa no guhumeka hantavirus yagiye mu kirere iturutse mu mpiswi, mu manya cyangwa mu maraso y'inyamaswa nto.

Kubera ko uburyo bwo kuvura buke, uburyo bwiza bwo kwirinda hantavirus pulmonary syndrome ni ukwirinda kwegera inyamaswa nto no gutunganya neza ahantu hatuye inyamaswa nto.

Igihe kuva ubwandu bwa hantavirus kugeza ubwo indwara itangira, gisanzwe kiba hagati y'ibyumweru bibiri na bitatu. Indwara y'ibihaha iterwa na hantavirus itera mu byiciro bibiri bitandukanye. Mu cyiciro cya mbere, gishobora kumara iminsi myinshi, ibimenyetso n'ibibonwa bya kenshi ni ibi bikurikira:

• Urufuri n'igikomere
• Kubabara cyangwa gucumura kw'imikaya
• Kubabara umutwe

Bamwe mu bantu bagira ibi bikurikira:

• Isereri
• Kubabara mu nda
• Kuruka
• Impiswi

Uko indwara ikomeza gutera imbere, ishobora gutera kwangirika kw'imikaya y'ibihaha, gukusanya amazi mu bihaha, n'ibibazo bikomeye ku mikorere y'ibihaha n'umutima. Ibimenyetso n'ibibonwa bishobora kuba ibi bikurikira:

• Inkoro
• Kugira ikibazo cyo guhumeka
• Igitsure cy'amaraso gito
• Gukubita kw'umutima kudahwitse

Ibimenyetso n'ibibonwa bya hantavirus pulmonary syndrome bishobora kuba bibi cyane mu buryo butunguranye kandi byihuse bikaba bibangamira ubuzima. Niba ufite ibimenyetso nk'iby'umururumba bikomeza kuba bibi mu gihe cy'iminsi mike, reba umuganga wawe. Fata ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa niba ugira ikibazo cyo guhumeka.

Abatwara indwara zo mu binyamaswa bifatwa nk’imbeba

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome ni indwara y’abantu iboneka gusa muri Amerika ya Ruguru na Amerika y’Epfo. Buri bwoko bwa hantavirus bufite ikimbeba cyihariye gikwirakwiza.

Imbeba y’inzovu ni yo ikwirakwiza cyane iyi virusi muri Amerika ya Ruguru na Amerika yo hagati. Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ubwandu bwinshi bukunze kugaragara mu majyaruguru y’iburengerazuba bwa Mississippi River.

Izindi mbeba zikwirakwiza iyi virusi muri Amerika ya Ruguru harimo imbeba y’umuceri n’imbeba y’ipamba mu majyepfo y’uburasirazuba, ndetse n’imbeba y’ibirenge byera mu majyaruguru y’uburasirazuba. Imbeba zikwirakwiza iyi virusi muri Amerika y’Epfo harimo imbeba y’umuceri n’imbeba ya vesper.

Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, indwara ya hantavirus itera ibibazo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero ikunze kugaragara cyane mu bice by'icyaro byo mu Burengerazuba. Ariko kandi, ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose gishobora gutuma umuntu ahura n'aho imbeba iba, bishobora kongera ibyago byo kwandura iyi ndwara.

Ahantu hasanzwe hakunze kuboneka imyobo y'imbeba, umushitsi wazo n'amatembabuzi yazo harimo:

• Ibyumba by'ubuhinzi
• Inzu zidatunzwe cyane, nka za magazini
• Amahema cyangwa inzu z'abantu basura ahantu runaka mu gihe runaka cy'umwaka
• Ibibuga by'amahema cyangwa ahantu abantu bahurira mu rugendo
• Ibyumba byo hejuru cyangwa ibyumba byo hasi
• Ahantu harimo kubakwa

Ibikorwa bishobora kongera ibyago byo kwandura hantavirus birimo:

• Kugura no gusukura inzu zitarakoreshwa igihe kirekire
• Gusukura imyobo y'imbeba cyangwa amatembabuzi yazo hadakoreshejwe uburyo bukwiye bwo kwirinda
• Gukora imirimo yo mu mirima yongera ibyago byo guhura n'imbeba, nko kubaka, gukora imirimo y'amashanyarazi, kurwanya udukoko ndetse no guhinga

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome ishobora kwihuta ikaba ikomeye cyane ku buzima. Indwara ikomeye ishobora gutera ikibazo cy'umutima udashobora gutuma umubiri uhabwa ogisijeni. Buri bwoko bw'agakoko karwo butandukanye mu kuremereza. Igipimo cy'abapfa bitewe n'ubwoko bw'agakoko gakunzwe gutwarwa n'imbeba z'inzovu kiri hagati ya 30% na 50%.

Kwirinda ko imbeba zinjira mu rugo rwawe no ku kazi bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura virusi ya hanta. Gerageza ibi bintu bikurikira:

• Ziba inzira zinjira. Imbeba zishobora kunyura mu bituro duto cyane, ubugari bwa santimetero 6. Ziba ibyuho ukoresheje ibyuma by'umuringa, ubwoya bw'icyuma, ibyuma by'icyuma cyangwa sima.
• Funga aho zibona ibyokurya. Kora isuku y'ibikoresho byo guteka vuba, karaba ameza n'ibishushanyo, kandi ubike ibiryo byawe — harimo n'ibyo kurya by'amatungo — mu bikoresho bidakandagira imbeba. Koresha ibikombe bifunze neza ku bikombe by'imyanda.
• Kugabanya ibikoresho byo kubaka ibyari byo. Kuraho ibiti, ibyatsi n'imyanda kure y'inzu.
• Shyiramo ibikoresho byo gufata imbeba. Ibikoresho byo gufata imbeba bikwiye gushyirwa ku nkuta z'inzu.
• Kuraho ibintu byo mu gikari bikurura imbeba. Himura ibiti cyangwa ibikoresho byo gutunganya imyanda kure y'inzu.
• Fungura ahantu hatakoreshwa. Fungura kandi ufate umwuka mu mazu, amakambi cyangwa inyubako zikoreshwa gake mbere yo gusukura.

Ibizamini by'amaraso bishobora kugaragaza niba umubiri wawe wakoze antibodies kuri hantavirus. Muganga wawe ashobora gutegeka ibindi bipimo bya laboratwari kugira ngo akureho izindi ndwara zifite ibimenyetso bisa.

Uburyo bwo kuvura indwara ya hantavirus pulmonary syndrome ni buke. Ariko uko ibimenyetso bigaragara hakiri kare, no kujyanwa kwa muganga vuba, ndetse no gufashwa guhumeka bihagije, birushaho kunoza ubuzima bw'umurwayi.

Abantu barwaye cyane bagomba kuvurwa vuba mu cyumba cy'ubuvuzi bukomeye. Bishobora kuba ngombwa gukoresha imashini ihumekesha (intubation) n'imashini ihumekesha imyuka (mechanical ventilation) kugira ngo bafashwe guhumeka no gufasha gucunga amazi mu bihaha. Intubation isobanura gushyira umuyoboro wo guhumeka mu mazuru cyangwa mu kanwa ujya mu muyoboro w'umuhogo (trachea) kugira ngo ufashe gufungura inzira z'umuhogo no gukora neza.

Indwara ikomeye ishobora gusaba uburyo bwo kuvura bwitwa extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) kugira ngo ufashe kugumana umwuka uhagije. Ibi bisobanura gukomeza gutuma amaraso yawe anyura mu mashini ikuramo carbon dioxide yongeraho oxygen. Amaraso yuzuye oxygen hanyuma asubizwa mu mubiri.