Kanseri y'umutwe n'umushyi: Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n'Ubuvuzi

Kanseri y'umutwe n'umushyi ni ubuvumbure bw'amakanse butangira mu mubiri w'umutwe n'umushyi, harimo akanwa, umunwa, agasanduku k'ijwi, izuru, n'ibice byo gukora amashyira. Aya ma kanseri abaho iyo uturemangingo dusanzwe muri ibi bice bitangira gukura mu buryo budakozwe, bigatuma habaho uburibwe bushobora kugira ingaruka ku kuntu uvugira, umenyera, uhumeka, cyangwa urya.

Nubwo kumva ko ufite kanseri bishobora gutera ubwoba, ni ingenzi kumenya ko kanseri y'umutwe n'umushyi ikunda kuvurwa, cyane cyane iyo iboneka hakiri kare. Gusobanukirwa icyo aya ma kanseri ari cyo no kumenya ibimenyetso byo kuburira bishobora kugufasha gufata iya mbere y'ubuzima bwawe no gushaka ubufasha ukeneye igihe bikenewe.

Ibimenyetso bya kanseri y'umutwe n'umushyi ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso bya kanseri y'umutwe n'umushyi bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'aho kanseri itangiriye, ariko ibimenyetso byinshi bya mbere ni ibintu ushobora kubona mu buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi. Bimwe mu bimenyetso bishobora kugaragara nk'ibibazo bisanzwe, niyo mpamvu ari ingenzi kwitondera igihe bikomeza cyangwa bikabije uko iminsi igenda ishira.

Dore ibimenyetso bisanzwe byo kwitondera:

• Ububabare mu kanwa, ku rurimi, cyangwa mu munwa budakira mu gihe cy'ibyumweru bibiri
• Guhindagurika k'ijwi cyangwa guhorana umwijima mu ijwi bikomeza ibyumweru birenga bike
• Kugorana cyangwa kubabara igihe umenyera ibiryo cyangwa ibinyobwa
• Uburibwe cyangwa kubyimba mu ijosi, mu menyo, cyangwa mu kanwa bidakira
• Ububabare buhoraho mu munwa budakira n'ubuvuzi busanzwe
• Kuva amaraso mu kanwa, mu izuru, cyangwa mu munwa bitateganijwe
• Impumuro mbi ihoraho mu kanwa idakira n'isuku nziza y'amenyo
• Kubabara mu kanwa, ku rurimi, cyangwa ku minwa
• Kubabara amatwi ku ruhande rumwe bidatewe n'indwara y'amatwi

Abandi bantu bashobora kugira ibimenyetso bidafite akamaro ariko bikaba ingenzi. Ibi bishobora kuba harimo ikirungurira gikomeza ku ruhande rumwe rw’izuru, kuva amaraso mu izuru kenshi nta mpamvu igaragara, cyangwa impinduka mu kunuka cyangwa kuryoha. Ushobora kubona ugira imbogamizi mu kwimurika ururimi cyangwa akanwa, cyangwa ugaca intege utari uzi impamvu hamwe n’ibindi bimenyetso.

Ibuka ko kugira kimwe cyangwa birenga muri ibi bimenyetso ntibisobanura ko ufite kanseri. Byinshi muri ibi bimenyetso bishobora guterwa n’indwara, allergie, cyangwa izindi ndwara zida ari kanseri. Ariko rero, niba ikimenyetso icyo ari cyo cyose gikomeza ibyumweru birenga bibiri cyangwa kigaragara ko kigenda kirushaho kuba kibi, ni byiza kubiganiraho n’abaganga bawe.

Ni ayahe moko ya kanseri y’umutwe n’umushyi?

Kanseri y’umutwe n’umushyi ihabwa ukoresheje aho itangiriye mu mubiri wawe, kandi buri bwoko bufite imico yabwo n’uburyo bwo kuvura. Gusobanukirwa ibyo bwoko bitandukanye bishobora kugufasha gutumanaho neza n’itsinda ry’abaganga bawe no gusobanukirwa uko uhagaze.

Amoko akunze kugaragara cyane arimo:

• Kanseri y’umunwa: Iterambere mu kanwa kawe, harimo iminwa, ururimi, umunwa, imbere y’amasura, n’ibanze ry’umunwa
• Kanseri ya oropharyngeal: Ikorwa mu gice cyo hagati cy’umushyi wawe, harimo ururimi runini, urukiramende rw’ururimi, n’amanywa
• Kanseri ya Laryngeal: Iba mu kigega cy’ijwi ryawe, kirimo imigozi y’ijwi ryawe
• Kanseri ya Hypopharyngeal: Iterambere mu gice cyo hasi cy’umushyi wawe, hejuru gato y’umuyoboro w’ibiryo
• Kanseri ya Nasopharyngeal: Ikorwa mu gice cyo hejuru cy’umushyi wawe, inyuma y’izuru ryawe
• Kanseri y’umwanya w’izuru n’ibice by’izuru birimo umwuka: Iterambere mu mwanya uri inyuma y’izuru ryawe no mu bice birimo umwuka biri hafi y’izuru ryawe
• Kanseri y’ibice byo gukora amashyira: Ikora mu misemburo ikora amashyira mu kanwa kawe no mu mushyi wawe

Hariho kandi ubwoko buke cyane muganga wawe ashobora kuganira nawe. Ibi birimo kanseri y'umwijima, nubwo kanseri y'umwijima ikunze kwitonderwa ukwayo ugereranyije n'izindi kanseri z'umutwe n'umushyi. Kanseri y'uruhu na yo ishobora kugaragara ku mutwe no ku mushyi, ariko isanzwe ihabwa irindi bwoko.

Buri bwoko bwa kanseri y'umutwe n'umushyi bushobora gutera ibimenyetso bitandukanye gato kandi bukeneye uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura. Ikipe yawe y'ubuvuzi izamenya neza ubwoko ufite binyuze mu bipimo n'isuzuma bitandukanye, ibi bikaba bifasha gutegura gahunda y'ubuvuzi ikwiranye n'imimerere yawe.

Ese kanseri y'umutwe n'umushyi iterwa n'iki?

Kanseri y'umutwe n'umushyi itera iyo ikintu cyangiza ADN iri mu mitobe isanzwe, bigatuma ikura kandi ikagwira mu buryo butagira imipaka. Nubwo tutazi impamvu ibi bibaho kuri bamwe batari abandi, abashakashatsi bamenye ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera ibyago byawe.

Ibintu byongera ibyago byinshi birimo:

• Ukoresha itabi: Kuvuza itabi, sigare, cyangwa iduka, ndetse no gukoresha itabi ritavuzwa, byongera cyane ibyago byawe
• Kunywisha inzoga cyane: Kunywa inzoga buri gihe, cyane bishobora kwangiza uturemangingo mu kanwa no mu muhogo igihe kinini
• Dukuriye HPV: Amwe mu moko ya virusi ya papilloma y'abantu, cyane cyane HPV-16, ishobora gutera kanseri y'umunwa
• Imyaka: Kanseri nyinshi z'umutwe n'umushyi ziba ku bantu barengeje imyaka 50, nubwo kanseri ziterwa na HPV zishobora kwibasira abantu bakuze bakiri bato
• Igitsina: Abagabo nibo bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara izi kanseri, nubwo icyuho kiri kugabanuka uko umubare w'abanywa itabi uhindagurika
• Izuba: Gushyirwaho izuba igihe kirekire bishobora gutera kanseri y'iminwa
• Isuku mbi y'amenyo: Kudakurikirana amenyo yawe n'umunwa bishobora gutera kanseri y'amenyo

Hari n’izindi mpamvu z’ingenzi ziterwa n’ibintu bitandukanye, nubwo bitaba byinshi. Kwibera mu bihumanya bimwe na bimwe byo ku kazi, nka azibesito, umukungugu w’ibiti, cyangwa foromadehyde, bishobora kongera ibyago mu gihe kirekire. Abantu bafite ibibazo by’impyiko, nka Fanconi anemia, bashobora kugira ibyago byinshi. Ikindi kandi, indyo ikennye mu mboga n’imbuto ishobora gutera ibyago byinshi.

Kugira impamvu imwe cyangwa nyinshi z’ibyago ntibisobanura ko uzagira kanseri. Abantu benshi bafite impamvu z’ibyago ntibagira kanseri, mu gihe abandi badafite impamvu zizwi z’ibyago bayigira. Gusobanukirwa izi mpamvu bigufasha gukora ibyemezo by’ubuzima bwawe n’imibereho yawe.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera ibimenyetso bya kanseri y’umutwe n’umunwa?

Wagomba kuvugana n’abaganga bawe niba ubona ibimenyetso ibyo ari byo byose bikomeza ibyumweru birenga bibiri cyangwa bigaragara ko bikomeza kwiyongera. Kumenya hakiri kare no kuvura kanseri y’umutwe n’umunwa bishobora kunoza cyane ibyavuye mu buvuzi, bityo rero ni byiza ko ibimenyetso byagenzurwa hakiri kare kuruta nyuma.

Shaka ubufasha bw’abaganga vuba niba ufite ibimenyetso bibangamye. Ububabare mu kanwa cyangwa mu muhogo budakira nyuma y’ibyumweru bibiri bukwiye gusuzuma. Kimwe n’ijwi ridafatika cyangwa rihinduka rikomeza ibyumweru birenga bike bikwiye gusuzuma, cyane cyane niba utarwaye ibicurane cyangwa indwara y’ubuhumekero.

Ugomba kandi kujya kwa muganga niba ugize ikibazo cyo kugira imbogamizi mu gutema cyangwa kunywa, cyangwa niba ubona ikibyimba mu ijosi, mu kanwa, cyangwa mu muhogo kitagenda. Ububabare buhoraho bw’uruhande rumwe rw’amatwi budafite ibimenyetso by’indwara, kuva amaraso mu kanwa cyangwa mu mazuru bitasobanuwe, cyangwa kugabanuka k’uburemere butasobanuwe hamwe n’ibindi bimenyetso bisaba gusuzuma kwa muganga.

Ntugakomeze gutegereza niba ufite ibimenyetso byinshi icyarimwe, kabone nubwo buri kimwe cyaba kigaragarira nk’icyoroheje. Rimwe na rimwe, guhuza ibimenyetso bishobora gutanga amakuru akomeye ku muganga wawe. Ibuka ko ibimenyetso byinshi muri ibi bifite impamvu zitari kanseri, ariko kubigenzura bituma umutima wawe uhumura kandi bikwemerera kubona ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago bya kanseri y’umutwe n’umunwa?

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera amahirwe yo kurwara kanseri y’umutwe n’umunwa, nubwo kugira ibintu byongera ibyago bitavuze ko uzayirwara. Gusobanukirwa ibi bintu bishobora kugufasha gufata ibyemezo by’ubuzima bwawe byuzuye kandi ukaganira na muganga wawe ku buryo bwo kwirinda.

Ibintu by’ingenzi byongera ibyago byinshi birimo:

• Kunywa itabi mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose: I sigareti, sigari, iduka, n’itabi ritavuzwe byose byongera ibyago cyane
• Kunywisha inzoga cyane: Kunywa inzoga nyinshi buri gihe, cyane cyane iyo bihujwe no kunywa itabi, byongera ibyago cyane
• Kwandura virusi ya HPV: Amoko amwe ya virusi ya papillomavirus y’abantu, cyane cyane binyuze mu mibonano mpuzabitsina mu kanwa, bishobora gutera kanseri y’umunwa
• Imyaka irengeje 50: Ibyago byiyongera uko umuntu akura, nubwo kanseri ziterwa na HPV zishobora kwibasira abantu bakiri bato
• Igitsina gabo: Abagabo barwara cyane, nubwo icyo cyuho kiri kugabanuka
• Isuku mbi y’amenyo n’umunwa: Kugira ibibazo by’uburwayi n’ubwandu mu kanwa igihe kirekire bishobora gutera kanseri

Ibintu byongera ibyago by’inyongera birimo izuba rikabije, rishobora gutera kanseri y’iminwa, no gukora imirimo ifitanye isano n’ibintu bimwe na bimwe nk’asbeste, umukungugu w’ibiti, cyangwa imyotsi y’amabara. Bamwe bafite ubushobozi bwo kuvukiramo butuma barwara cyane, nubwo ari bike.

Ibintu bimwe na bimwe bijyanye n’imirire bishobora kugira uruhare. Imirire ikennye mu mboga n’imbuto ishobora kongera ibyago, mu gihe kurya imboga n’imbuto nyinshi bishobora kugufasha kwirinda. Kuvurwa mbere hakoreshejwe imirasire mu gice cy’umutwe n’ikibuno kubera izindi ndwara bishobora kandi kongera ibyago nyuma y’imyaka myinshi.

Inkuru nziza ni uko byinshi muri ibyo bintu byongera ibyago biba biri mu bubasha bwawe. Guhitamo kutakoresha itabi, kugabanya kunywa inzoga, kugira isuku nziza y’amenyo, no kurya indyo yuzuye byose bishobora kugufasha kugabanya ibyago byinshi.

Ibibazo bishobora kuvuka bitewe na kanseri y’umutwe n’ikibuno ni ibihe?

Kanseri y’umutwe n’ikibuno ishobora gutera ibibazo bitandukanye, byaba ibyatewe na kanseri ubwayo cyangwa ibyatewe n’ubuvuzi. Gusobanukirwa ibyo bibazo bishobora kuvuka bifasha wowe n’abaganga bawe gutegura no guteganya uburyo bwiza bwo kuvurwa mu rugendo rwawe rwose.

Ibibazo bituruka kuri kanseri ubwayo bishobora kuvuka uko igituntu gikura cyangwa gikwirakwira:

• Kugorana kurya, kwishima, cyangwa kuvuga uko igituntu kibangamira imikorere isanzwe
• Ibibazo byo guhumeka niba kanseri igira ingaruka ku buryo bwawe bwo guhumeka
• Kubura kumva cyangwa indwara z’amatwi zidakira niba kanseri igira ingaruka ku bice biri hafi y’amatwi yawe
• Impinduka mu isura yawe, cyane cyane niba kanseri igira ingaruka ku bice biboneka
• Gukwirakwira mu mitsi ya lymph hafi cyangwa mu bice bya kure by’umubiri wawe
• Ububabare bukabije bushobora gusaba uburyo bwihariye bwo kuvurwa

Ibibazo bifitanye isano n’ubuvuzi bishobora kandi kuvuka, nubwo uburyo bugezweho bwagabanije byinshi muri ibyo bibazo. Kubaga bishobora gutera impinduka mu kuvuga kwawe, ubushobozi bwo kwishima, cyangwa isura yawe. Umuti uva ku mirasire ishobora gutera umunwa wumye, ibibazo by’amenyo, cyangwa kugorana kwishima bishobora gukomeza igihe kirekire. Umuti wa chimiothérapie ushobora gutera isereri, umunaniro, kongera ibyago by’indwara, cyangwa neuropathy.

Bamwe bashobora guhura n’ingaruka zidakunze kugaragara ariko zikomeye. Izo ngaruka zishobora kuba harimo ibibazo bikomeye byo kudya bihagije bisaba ko hakoreshwa imiyoboro yo kugaburira, ububabare buhoraho bugorana kuvura, cyangwa kwiheba gukomeye no guhangayika bifitanye isano n’impinduka mu mikorere cyangwa isura. Ibisebe by’amaraso, indwara zikomeye, cyangwa ibibazo byo gukira ibikomere nyuma y’ubuganga na byo bishoboka.

Itsinda ryanyu ry’abaganga rikorana umwete mu gukumira no gucunga izo ngaruka. Bazaganira namwe ku bibazo bishoboka mbere yo kuvurwa kandi bakakurinda cyane mu gihe cyose cyo kuvurwa. Ingaruka nyinshi zishobora kwirindwa cyangwa kuvurwa neza iyo zafashwe hakiri kare, niyo mpamvu gukurikirana n’itsinda ryanyu ry’abaganga ari ingenzi cyane.

Uko kanseri y’umutwe n’umunsiba ishobora kwirindwa

Nubwo utazibuza kanseri yose y’umutwe n’umunsiba, ushobora kugabanya cyane ibyago byayo ukora amahitamo y’ubuzima bwiza kandi ufata ingamba zo kwirinda. Iyo myitwarire myinshi yo kwirinda ikomeye cyane ijyanye no kwirinda cyangwa kugabanya ubushyuhe ku bintu bizwi ko byongera ibyago.

Intambwe zikomeye zo kwirinda ushobora gufata harimo:

• Kwima amatabi yose: Ibi birimo itabi, sigare, iduka, n’itabi ritavunitse
• Kugabanya kunywa inzoga: Niba unywa, ubikore mu rugero nk’uko amabwiriza y’ubuzima abiteganya
• Kwita ku buzima bw’amenyo neza: Oza kabiri ku munsi, koresha umugozi wo gukuraho ibyondo buri gihe, kandi ujye kwa muganga w’amenyo ku bugenzuzi busanzwe
• Kwikingiza HPV: Urushinge rwa HPV rushobora gukumira indwara zitera kanseri zimwe na zimwe z’umutwe n’umunsiba
• Gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina y’umutekano: Ibi bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura HPV
• Kwirinda izuba: Koresha lip balm ifite SPF kandi wambare ingofero iyo uri hanze
• Kurya indyo yuzuye: Gabanya imbuto n’imboga nyinshi mu mafunguro yawe ya buri munsi

Niba ukora mu kazi gafite ibyago byo kwandura ibintu bya chimique, gukurikiza amabwiriza y’umutekano no gukoresha ibikoresho byo kwirinda bihagije bishobora kugabanya ibyago. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane cyane niba ukora ibintu by’umukungugu w’ibiti, asbesto, cyangwa ibintu bya chimique byo mu nganda.

Gusura kwa muganga w’amenyo buri gihe ni ingenzi cyane mu gukumira no kubona indwara hakiri kare. Muganga w’amenyo ashobora kubona impinduka za mbere mu kanwa kawe zishobora gukenera isuzuma ryuzuye. Bashobora kandi kugufasha kugira ubuzima bwiza bw’amenyo, ibyo bishobora kugabanya ibyago muri rusange.

Niba ukoresha itabi cyangwa ukanywa inzoga cyane, hamagara umuganga wawe kugira ngo muganire ku buryo bwo kureka. Nubwo waba umaze imyaka myinshi ukoresha ibi bintu, guhagarika ubu bishobora kugabanya ibyago byawe no kunoza ubuzima bwawe muri rusange.

Kanseri y’umutwe n’ijosi imenyekanwa gute?

Kumenya kanseri y’umutwe n’ijosi bisanzwe bikubiyemo intambwe nyinshi, bitangirira ku muganga wawe akakusuzuma akakubaza ibibazo ku bimenyetso byawe n’amateka yawe y’ubuzima. Uburyo bwo gusuzuma bugamije kumenya niba kanseri iriho, ubwoko bwayo n’aho ishobora kuba yageze.

Muganga wawe azatangira asuzumye umubiri wawe wose, umutwe, ijosi, akanwa n’umunwa. Azashakisha ibintu byabuze cyangwa imiyoboro y’amaraso yabarengeje, akoresheje amatara n’ibikoresho byo kureba mu kanwa no mu munwa. Isuzumi rya mbere riramufasha gufata umwanzuro ku bizamini by’inyongera bishobora kuba bikenewe.

Niba muganga wawe asanze hari ikintu giteye impungenge, ashobora gutegeka ibizamini byo kubona neza icyo kibazo. Ibi bishobora kuba CT scan, MRI scan, cyangwa PET scan, bishobora kwerekana ingano n’aho ibinini biri, niba kanseri yageze mu tundi turere. Rimwe na rimwe, ikizamini cya barium swallow gikoreshwa mu gusuzuma umunwa na esophage.

Uburyo bwizewe cyane bwo kuvura kanseri ni ubuvuzi bwa biopsie, aho igice gito cy’umubiri gikurwaho kikarebwa kuri mikoroskopi. Ibi bishobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe igikombe, mu buvuzi bukorerwa mu biro by’abaganga, cyangwa rimwe na rimwe bisaba kubagwa gato. Biopsie ibwira muganga wawe neza ubwoko bw’uturemangingo turimo niba ari kanseri.

Ibizamini byiyongereyeho bishobora kuba harimo gupima amaraso kugira ngo barebe ubuzima bwawe muri rusange, no gupima HPV kugira ngo bamenye niba kanseri yawe ifitanye isano n’ubwandu bwa HPV. Muganga wawe ashobora kandi kugusaba gukorerwa isuzuma ry’amenyo n’isuzuma ry’imirire kugira ngo afashe gutegura uburyo bwo kuvura no kwita ku buzima bwawe.

Ubuvuzi bwa kanseri y’umutwe n’ikibuno ni iki?

Ubuvuzi bwa kanseri y’umutwe n’ikibuno biterwa n’ibintu byinshi, birimo ubwoko n’icyiciro cya kanseri yawe, aho iherereye, n’ubuzima bwawe muri rusange. Itsinda ry’abaganga bazakorana nawe kugira ngo bategurire gahunda y’ubuvuzi iboneye ifite amahirwe menshi yo gutsinda, ariko bakazirikana ubuzima bwawe.

Uburyo nyamukuru bwo kuvura burimo:

• Ububagiro: Gukuraho ibinini kandi rimwe na rimwe imiyoboro ya lymph cyangwa imyanya iri hafi
• Ubuvuzi bwa radiation: Gukoresha imirasire ifite imbaraga nyinshi kugira ngo ubone uburyo bwo kurimbura uturemangingo twa kanseri
• Ubuvuzi bwa chimiothérapie: Gukoresha imiti kugira ngo ubone uburyo bwo kwica uturemangingo twa kanseri mu mubiri wawe wose
• Ubuvuzi bugamije: Imiti igamije cyane ibintu byihariye by’uturemangingo twa kanseri
• Immunothérapie: Ubuvuzi bufasha ubudahangarwa bwawe guhangana na kanseri

Abantu benshi bakira imiti ivangwa. Urugero, ushobora kubagwa ukakurikirwa n’ubuvuzi bwa radiation, cyangwa ugahabwa chimiothérapie na radiation hamwe. Ivangwa ryihariye ry’imiti ryaterwa n’imimerere yawe bwite n’ibyo ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko bikora neza kuri ubwoko bwa kanseri yawe.

Uburyo bushya bwo kuvura buri kugenda buboneka. Ubuvuzi bugamije ibice bimwe na bimwe bushobora guhagarika imisemburo runaka ifasha uturemangingo twa kanseri gukura. Imiti yo kuvura ikoresheje ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri ishobora gufasha ubudahangarwa bwawe kumenya no kurwanya uturemangingo twa kanseri neza. Ibi bivura bishobora gukoreshwa byonyine cyangwa bikavangwa n’uburyo busanzwe bwo kuvura.

Itsinda ryanyu ry’abaganga rizashobora kuba ririmo inzobere nyinshi zikorera hamwe. Ibi bishobora kuba harimo ababagisha, abaganga b’indwara z’ibinyabutabire, abaganga b’ubuvuzi bwo kurasa, n’inzobere mu kuvura ibimenyetso nk’abaganga bavura indwara z’amagambo, abaganga b’imirire, n’abakozi b’imibereho myiza. Ubu buryo bwo gukorera hamwe bufasha guhamya ko ubonye ubuvuzi burambuye bukubaka ibice byose by’ubuvuzi bwawe no gukira.

Nigute wakwita ku buvuzi iwawe mu gihe ufite kanseri y’umutwe n’umunwa?

Kwita ku buvuzi bwawe iwawe mu gihe uvurwa kanseri y’umutwe n’umunwa bisobanura gufata ingamba zo gushyigikira umubiri wawe gukira, gucunga ingaruka mbi, no kubungabunga imibereho yawe myiza muri rusange. Itsinda ryawe ry’abaganga rizagutanga ubuyobozi budasanzwe, ariko hariho ingamba rusange zishobora gufasha abantu benshi kumva bameze neza mu gihe cy’ubuvuzi.

Imirire n’ibiryo bishobora kugorana mu gihe cy’ubuvuzi, bityo witondere kubona ibyokurya bihagije n’amaprotene kugira ngo ushyigikire gukira. Ibiryo byoroshye, binyoze bishobora koroherwa kurya. Tekereza kuri smoothies, amasupu, yogurts, n’ibindi bituma umubiri ukura neza niba itsinda ryawe ribigutegeye. Komera amazi, ubusa, cyangwa ibindi binyobwa byumye umunsi wose.

Kwita ku kanwa n’umunwa biba by’ingenzi cyane mu gihe cy’ubuvuzi. Itsinda ryawe rishobora kugutegeka gukaraba umunwa cyangwa imiti kugira ngo wirinde cyangwa uvure ibikomere byo mu kanwa. Isuku y’amenyo yoroheje ikoresheje ijisho ryoroheje n’umuti w’amenyo woroshye bishobora gufasha kwirinda indwara. Irinde gukaraba umunwa ukoresheje inzoga, kuko bishobora kubabaza.

Kuvura ububabare mu rugo bishobora kuba gufata imiti yagenewe ku gihe, gukoresha ubukonje cyangwa ubushyuhe nkuko byagenewe, no gukora imyitozo yo kwiruhura. Ntugatege amatwi kugeza ububabare bukomeye kugira ngo ufate imiti. Akenshi biroroshye gukumira ububabare kuruta kubuvura umaze gukomera.

Jya wikurikirana ibimenyetso bikenewe ubufasha bw’abaganga. Ibi birimo umuriro, kugira ikibazo gikomeye cyo kwishima, ibimenyetso byo kubura amazi mu mubiri, ububabare bukomeye budakemurwa n’imiti yawe, cyangwa ikibazo cyo guhumeka. Komereza amakuru y’itsinda ry’ubuvuzi ryawe ahantu habonetse kandi ntutinye guhamagara ufite impungenge.

Wategura gute uruzinduko kwa muganga?

Gutegura uruzinduko kwa muganga bishobora kugufasha kugira ngo ugire inyungu nyinshi mu ruzinduko rwawe kandi ko umuvuzi wawe afite amakuru yose akenewe kugira ngo atange ubuvuzi bwiza. Gufata umwanya wo gutegura ibitekerezo byawe n’amakuru mbere bishobora gutuma gahunda iba myiza kandi idatwara umwanya munini.

Mbere y’uruzinduko rwawe, andika ibimenyetso byawe byose, harimo igihe byatangiye, igihe bimaze, niba birimo gukira cyangwa kubiye. Fata amakuru yerekeye icyatuma ibimenyetso bigenda cyangwa bikomeza, kandi bandika ubuvuzi wamaze kugerageza. Nubwo ibimenyetso bisa ntibihuye, bishobora kuba byiza.

Tegura urutonde rwuzuye rw’imiti yose ufashe, harimo imiti yanditswe, imiti igurwa mu maduka, amavitamini, n’ibindi byongerwamo. Fata umwanya w’imiti n’igihe uyifata. Nanone, komereza amakuru yerekeye amateka yawe y’ubuzima, harimo ibyabaga byakozwe, indwara zidakira, n’amateka y’umuryango wawe yerekeye kanseri.

Andika ibibazo ushaka kubabaza muganga. Tekereza kubabaza icyaba gituma ugira ibimenyetso, ibizamini bishobora kuba bikenewe, intambwe zikurikiraho, n’icyo ukwiye kwitondera murugo. Ntukabe umuntu ufite ibibazo byinshi. Nibyiza kubabaza buri kimwe kiri mu bitekerezo byawe.

Tegereza kuzana inshuti cyangwa umuntu wo mu muryango w’umuntu wizeye mu kwisuzumisha. Bashobora kugufasha kwibuka amakuru yavuzwe mu gihe cy’isuzumwa kandi bagatanga ubufasha bwo mu byiyumvo. Niba ubyumva, bashobora kandi kugufasha kuvugira inyungu zawe no kubazwa ibibazo ushobora kwibagirwa.

Ni iki gikuru wakuramo ku kanseri y’umutwe n’umushyi?

Kanseri z’umutwe n’umushyi ni itsinda ry’kanseri zishobora kugira ingaruka ku bice bitandukanye by’umutwe wawe n’umushyi, kuva mu kanwa na mu mara kugera ku kantu k’ijwi n’ibice byo gukora amashyira. Nubwo kwakira uburwayi ubwo aribwo bwose bwa kanseri bishobora gutera ikibazo, ikintu gikomeye cyo kwibuka ni uko izi kanseri zikunda kuvurwa cyane, cyane cyane iyo zafashwe hakiri kare.

Ikintu cy’ingenzi mu kugira ibyiza ni ugutahura hakiri kare no kuvurwa vuba. Jya witondera ibimenyetso biramba nk’ibisebe bitakira, guhinduka kw’ijwi, kugorana kw’umunwa, cyangwa ibintu bidakira. Ibyinshi muri ibi bimenyetso bifite impamvu zitari kanseri, ariko bihora bikwiye kubigenzura niba bikomeje ibyumweru birenga bibiri.

Kanseri nyinshi z’umutwe n’umushyi zirindwa binyuze mu mibereho. Kwirinda itabi, kugabanya kunywa inzoga, kugira isuku nziza y’amenyo, no gukingira neza bishobora kugabanya cyane ibyago byawe. Nubwo waba waragize ibyago mu gihe gishize, guhindura ubuzima bwiza ubu bishobora kugirira akamaro ubuzima bwawe muri rusange.

Niba ubonye kanseri y’umutwe n’umushyi, ibuka ko uburyo bwo kuvura bwarateye imbere cyane mu myaka ya vuba. Ikipe yawe y’ubuvuzi izakorana nawe kugira ngo itegure gahunda yo kuvura ihuye n’imimerere yawe, ibitekerezo bitari ukwita ku kuvura kanseri gusa, ahubwo no kubungabunga ubuzima bwawe.

Ibibazo bikunze kubaho ku kanseri y’umutwe n’umushyi

Q1: Ese kanseri z’umutwe n’umushyi zirerwa?

Kanseri nyinshi zo mu mutwe no mu ijosi ntiziherwa ababyeyi bawe. Ariko kandi, hari ibintu bimwe bya genetike bishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara izi kanseri. Igice kinini cyane cy’ibi bibazo bijyanye n’ibintu byo mu kirere nk’uko kunywa itabi, kunywa inzoga, cyangwa kwandura virusi ya HPV aho kuba impinduka za genetike zirakomoka.

Q2: Ese kanseri y’umutwe n’ijosi ishobora gukira burundu?

Kanseri nyinshi zo mu mutwe no mu ijosi zishobora gukira, cyane cyane iyo zimenyekanye kandi zikavurwa hakiri kare. Igipimo cyo gukira gishingiye ku bintu byinshi birimo ubwoko bwa kanseri, urwego rwayo igihe yamenyekanye, n’ubuzima bwawe muri rusange. Kanseri zo mu cyiciro cya mbere muri rusange zigira ibyago byinshi byo gukira kurusha kanseri zikomeye. Nubwo mu bihe bitakunda gukira burundu, ubuvuzi bushobora kubuza kanseri gukwirakwira imyaka myinshi kandi bugatuma umuntu akomeza kubaho neza.

Q3: Ese ubuvuzi bwa kanseri y’umutwe n’ijosi busanzwe buramara igihe kingana iki?

Igihe ubuvuzi buramara gitandukanye cyane bitewe n’imimerere yawe. Kubaga gusa bishobora kurangira mu munsi umwe, hanyuma gukira bikamara ibyumweru bike. Ubuvuzi bwo kurasa imirasire busanzwe buramara ibyumweru 6-7 bukorwa buri munsi. Imyihe ya chimiothérapie ishobora kumara amezi menshi. Abantu benshi bakora ubuvuzi buhujwe hamwe bushobora kumara amezi 3-6 cyangwa arenga. Ikipe yawe y’abaganga izakubwira neza igihe bizamara hashingiwe ku igenamigambi ryawe ry’ubuvuzi.

Q4: Nshobora kuzavuga no kurya nk’ibisanzwe nyuma y’ubuvuzi?

Abantu benshi bakomeza kugira ubushobozi bwo kuvuga no kurya busanzwe cyangwa hafi ya busanzwe nyuma yo kuvurwa, nubwo ibi biterwa n’aho kanseri iherereye n’ubunini bwayo ndetse n’uburyo bwo kuvura bukenewe. Ubuhanga bushya mu mibaga n’uburyo bwo kuvugurura ubuzima byateje imbere cyane ibyavuye mu buvuzi. Abavuga n’abahanga mu kuvura ibibazo byo kurya bakorana n’abarwayi mu gihe cyose cyo kuvurwa kugira ngo bakomeze kandi bagaruze imirimo yabo ikomeye. Bamwe bashobora gukenera guhindura imirire yabo cyangwa uburyo bwo gutumanaho, ariko abenshi bashobora kugira ubuzima bwiza.

Q5: Ese kanseri y’umutwe n’umushyi ifitanye isano na COVID-19 cyangwa kwambara agapfukamunwa?

Nta sano iri hagati ya kanseri y’umutwe n’umushyi na COVID-19 cyangwa kwambara agapfukamunwa. Kanseri y’umutwe n’umushyi iterwa n’ibintu nko kunywa itabi, kunywa inzoga, kwandura virusi ya HPV n’izindi mpamvu zizwi ziterwa. Kwambara agapfukamunwa mu rwego rwo kwirinda kwandura ntibitera kanseri cyangwa ngo bigire uruhare mu iterambere ryayo. Niba ufite impungenge zishingiye ku bimenyetso, ntutinde gushaka ubuvuzi kubera impungenge zishingiye kuri icyo cyorezo. Ibitaro bifite amabwiriza yo kwirinda kugira ngo birinde abarwayi.