Eseme ry'umutima ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n'Ubuvuzi

Eseme ry'umutima ni ijwi ry'inyongera umutima wawe ukora hagati y'inkubito zawo zisanzwe. Tekereza ko ari ijwi rihindagurika cyangwa rireremba muganga wawe ashobora kumva akoresheje stethoscope. Eseme menshi y'umutima nta cyo itwaye kandi ntabwo isaba ubuvuzi na gato.

Nubwo ijambo “eseme” rishobora kumvikana nk'iry'ubwoba, ni ingenzi kumenya ko abantu benshi babaho ubuzima bwabo bwose bafite amapfa y'umutima adakomeye batagira ibibazo. Ariko, amwe mu maseme ashobora kugaragaza uburwayi bw'umutima bukenera kwitabwaho.

Eseme ry'umutima ni iki?

Eseme ry'umutima ribaho iyo amaraso anyura mu mutima wawe mu buryo buteza imvururu, bikaba byateza ijwi ry'inyongera. Umutima wawe ubusanzwe ukora amajwi abiri atandukanye iyo ukubise, akenshi avugwa ko ari “lub-dub.” Eseme ryongeraho ijwi rya gatatu, nk'urushyi ruke cyangwa urushyi.

Amapfa y'umutima agabanywa muburyo bubiri nyamukuru: adakomeye (byitwa kandi functional) n'adatuje. Amapfa adakomeye ntacyo atwaye kandi ntakora ku bushobozi bw'umutima wawe bwo gutera amaraso neza. Amapfa adatuje ashobora kugaragaza ibibazo by'imiterere y'umutima wawe bikenera isuzuma rya muganga.

Abana benshi bafite amapfa y'umutima adakomeye akagenda uko bakura. Abakuze nabo bashobora kugira amapfa mashya bitewe n'impinduka mu mutima wabo cyangwa imiterere y'amaraso mu buzima bwabo.

Ibimenyetso by'amaseme y'umutima ni ibihe?

Amapfa menshi y'umutima nta bimenyetso na bimwe atanga. Amapfa adakomeye asanzwe abonwa mu isuzuma rya buri munsi muganga wawe yumvise umutima wawe akoresheje stethoscope.

Ariko, niba eseme ry'umutima ryawe rifite aho rihuriye n'uburwayi bw'umutima, ushobora kugira ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe. Dore ibimenyetso bikwiye kwitabwaho:

• Guhumeka nabi, cyane cyane mu gihe cy'imikino cyangwa iyo uri kuryama
• Kubabara mu kifuba cyangwa kudatuza kumvikana nk'umuvuduko cyangwa gukata
• Uburwayi butangaje cyangwa buzamuka uko iminsi igenda
• Kuzenguruka cyangwa kumva utuje, cyane cyane iyo uhagurutse
• Gukubita kw'umutima cyangwa kudakubita neza
• Kubyimbagira mu maguru, mu birenge cyangwa mu birenge
• Kugwa cyangwa kumva ushobora kugwa

Niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso hamwe n'eseme ry'umutima rizwi, ni byiza kuvugana n'abaganga bawe. Bashobora kugufasha kumenya niba ibimenyetso byawe bifitanye isano n'eseme ryawe cyangwa ikindi kintu.

Ubwoko bw'amaseme y'umutima ni ubuhe?

Amapfa y'umutima agabanywa muburyo bubiri nyamukuru hashingiwe ku kuba agaragaza ikibazo cy'imiterere cyangwa imikorere y'umutima wawe.

Amapfa y'umutima adakomeye: Aya ni amajwi adakomeye adagaragaza ibibazo by'umutima. Ni asanzwe cyane mu bana kandi ashobora kuza no kugenda mu buzima. Amapfa adakomeye akenshi aba agaragara iyo umuvuduko w'umutima wawe wiyongereye kubera umuriro, imikino, cyangwa ibyishimo.

Amapfa y'umutima adatuje: Aya maseme agaragaza ko hashobora kubaho ikibazo cy'imiterere y'umutima wawe. Ashobora kuba ahari kuva ku ivuka (congenital) cyangwa akaba yabaho nyuma y'imyaka (acquired). Amapfa adatuje asaba isuzuma ry'inyongera kugira ngo hamenyekane icyabiteye.

Abaganga kandi bagabanya amapfa hashingiwe ku gihe cyayo mu gihe cyo gukubita kw'umutima, uburyo bwayo, n'aho yumvikana neza mu kifuba cyawe. Aya makuru arababafasha kumva icyaba cyateye eseme kandi niba gikenera ubuvuzi.

Eseme ry'umutima rikomoka he?

Amapfa y'umutima abaho iyo amaraso anyura mu mutima wawe agahindagurika aho kuba meza. Iyo hindagurika rishobora kubaho kubera impamvu nyinshi zitandukanye, kuva ku mpinduka zisanzwe kugeza ku bibazo by'imiterere y'umutima.

Reka turebe impamvu zisanzwe z'amaseme y'umutima adakomeye, ari zo mpinduka zisanzwe:

• Imikino cyangwa imyitozo ngororamubiri yongera umuvuduko w'umutima
• Gutwite, byongera umubare w'amaraso n'umuvuduko
• Umuriro, utuma umutima wawe ukubita vuba
• Hyperthyroidism, aho umwijima wawe utanga imisemburo myinshi
• Anemia, bivuze ko ufite utubuto tw'amaraso duto dutwara ogisijeni
• Ibihe byo gukura vuba mu bana n'abangavu

Amapfa y'umutima adatuje ashobora guterwa n'ibibazo by'imiterere y'umutima wawe wavukanye cyangwa byabaho uko iminsi igenda. Dore impamvu nyamukuru:

• Ibibazo by'amavavu y'umutima, nka mavavu adafunguka cyangwa adafunga neza
• Imyobo mu bice by'umutima (septal defects) ihari kuva ku ivuka
• Imisuli y'umutima ikomeye (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy)
• Indwara z'umutima zangiza amavavu y'umutima
• Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso utuma umutima ukora cyane uko iminsi igenda

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, amapfa adatuje ashobora kugaragaza uburwayi bw'umutima bukomeye cyangwa indwara z'umutima ziboneka. Muganga wawe ashobora kugufasha kumenya icyiciro eseme ryawe riri mu isuzuma ryimbitse.

Ni ryari ukwiye kubona muganga kubera amapfa y'umutima?

Ukwiye kubona muganga niba ufite ibimenyetso bikubabaza, cyane cyane niba bisa nkaho bifitanye isano n'umutima wawe. Ntugatege amatwi niba ufite ububabare mu kifuba, guhumeka nabi cyane, cyangwa kugwa.

Niba ufite eseme ry'umutima rizwi, tegura gahunda yo kubona umuganga wawe niba ubona ibimenyetso bishya cyangwa biba bibi. Impinduka mu buryo wumva bishobora kugaragaza ko eseme ryawe rikenera kwitabwaho cyangwa ko hari ikindi kintu kirimo kuba.

Kubana bafite amapfa y'umutima, isuzuma rya buri gihe ni ingenzi kugira ngo harebwe niba eseme rihinduka uko iminsi igenda. Amapfa menshi adakomeye mu bana ntabwo akenera ubuvuzi bwihariye, ariko umuganga wawe azashaka kubikurikirana uko umwana wawe akura.

Byongeye kandi, niba uri gutegura gutwite kandi ufite eseme ry'umutima rizwi, ni byiza kubivugana n'umuganga wawe mbere. Gutwite byongera umutwaro ku mutima wawe, kandi zimwe mu ndwara z'umutima zikenera gukurikiranwa mu gihe cyo gutwite.

Ibyago byo kugira amapfa y'umutima ni ibihe?

Ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kongera amahirwe yo kugira eseme ry'umutima, nubwo abantu benshi bafite ibyago batagira amapfa na gato.

Bimwe mu byago bihari kuva ku ivuka cyangwa bifitanye isano n'amateka y'umuryango wawe:

• Amateka y'umuryango w'uburwayi bw'umutima cyangwa indwara z'umutima
• Ibimenyetso by'indwara bigira ingaruka ku iterambere ry'umutima
• Imiti imwe na imwe ifatwa mu gihe cyo gutwite
• Indwara za nyina mu gihe cyo gutwite, nka rubella
• Kuvuka imburagihe cyangwa ibiro bike

Ibindi byago bibaho uko iminsi igenda hashingiwe ku buzima bwawe n'imibereho yawe:

• Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso utajyenda neza
• Indwara z'umutima mbere cyangwa umuriro wa rheumatic
• Indwara z'umwijima, cyane cyane hyperthyroidism
• Indwara zimwe na zimwe ziterwa na système immunitaire
• Impinduka ziterwa n'imyaka mu mavavu y'umutima
• Amateka yo kugira ikibazo cy'umutima cyangwa ibindi bibazo by'umutima

Kugira ibyago ntibisobanura ko uzagira eseme ry'umutima, kandi amapfa menshi aba mu bantu badafite ibyago. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ukugira ubuzima bwiza bw'umutima binyuze mu isuzuma rya buri gihe no mu mibereho myiza.

Ingaruka zishoboka z'amaseme y'umutima ni izihe?

Amapfa y'umutima adakomeye ntateza ingaruka kuko adagaragaza ibibazo by'umutima. Ushobora kubaho ubuzima busanzwe, bukora, ufite eseme ridakomeye.

Ariko, amapfa y'umutima adatuje akomoka ku bibazo by'imiterere y'umutima ashobora gutera ingaruka niba adakurikiranwa. Ingaruka zihariye ziterwa n'icyo gitera eseme ryawe:

• Gucika intege kw'umutima, aho umutima wawe udashobora gutera amaraso neza
• Kudakubita neza kw'umutima (arrhythmias) bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mivuduko y'amaraso
• Ibisigo by'amaraso bishobora kujya mu bice bindi by'umubiri wawe
• Stroke, cyane cyane niba ufite ibibazo by'amavavu
• Indwara z'umutima (endocarditis) mu bantu bafite ibibazo by'umutima
• Urupfu rutunguranye rw'umutima mu bihe bidasanzwe by'ibibazo bikomeye by'imiterere

Inkuru nziza ni uko indwara nyinshi z'umutima ziterwa n'amaseme adatuje zishobora kuvurwa neza hamwe n'ubuvuzi bukwiye. Kumenya hakiri kare no kuvura bigabanya cyane ibyago by'ingaruka.

Zimwe mu ngaruka zidasanzwe zishobora kubaho hamwe n'ibibazo by'umutima byavukanye, nka Eisenmenger syndrome, aho imiterere y'amaraso ihinduka uko iminsi igenda. Izo ndwara zikomeye zikenera ubuvuzi bwihariye bw'umutima kuva ku ivuka.

Eseme ry'umutima rishobora kwirindwa gute?

Ntushobora kwirinda amapfa y'umutima adakomeye kuko ari impinduka isanzwe mu buryo amaraso anyura mu mutima wawe. Ibibazo byinshi by'umutima byavukanye biterwa n'amaseme adatuje kandi ntabwo bishobora kwirindwa kuko biba mu gihe cyo gutwite.

Ariko, ushobora gufata ingamba kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kugira indwara z'umutima zishobora gutera amapfa adatuje nyuma y'imyaka:

• Kugira umuvuduko mwiza w'amaraso binyuze mu mirire, imyitozo ngororamubiri, n'imiti niba ari ngombwa
• Kurya indyo nziza y'umutima irimo imbuto, imboga, n'ibinyampeke byuzuye
• Gukora siporo buri gihe hakurikijwe inama z'umuganga wawe
• Kutanywa itabi, no kwirinda itabi rya kabiri
• Kugabanya kunywa inzoga ku rugero rutari rwinshi
• Kuvura diyabete, cholesterol nyinshi, n'izindi ndwara zidakira
• Kuvura indwara vuba, cyane cyane umuriro wa strep

Kubagore batwite, gufata vitamine zo gutwite, kwirinda inzoga n'itabi, no kugira ubuvuzi bukwiye bwo gutwite bishobora gufasha iterambere ry'umutima muzima mu bana babo.

Niba ufite ibibazo by'umutima, umuganga wawe ashobora kugutegeka antibiotique mbere y'ubuvuzi bw'amenyo cyangwa ibindi bivuriro kugira ngo wirinde indwara z'umutima. Ibi bita antibiotic prophylaxis kandi bikenerwa gusa mu bihe byihariye by'ibyago.

Eseme ry'umutima ripima gute?

Amapfa y'umutima asanzwe abonwa bwa mbere iyo muganga wawe yumvise umutima wawe akoresheje stethoscope mu isuzuma rya buri munsi. Bashobora kumva ijwi ry'inyongera hagati y'inkubito zisanzwe z'umutima wawe.

Muganga wawe azandika ibimenyetso byinshi by'eseme ryawe, harimo igihe kiba mu gihe cyo gukubita kw'umutima, uburyo bwayo, n'aho yumvikana neza mu kifuba cyawe. Aya makuru arababafasha kumenya niba eseme ryawe rishobora kuba ridakomeye cyangwa rikenera iperereza ry'inyongera.

Niba muganga wawe akeka eseme ridatuje, ashobora kugutegeka ibizamini by'inyongera kugira ngo abone ishusho isobanutse y'imiterere y'umutima wawe n'imikorere yayo:

• Echocardiogram, ikoresha amajwi kugira ngo ikore amashusho y'umutima wawe
• Electrocardiogram (ECG), yandika ibikorwa by'amashanyarazi y'umutima wawe
• X-ray y'ikifuba kugira ngo urebe ingano n'imiterere y'umutima wawe
• Cardiac catheterization kugira ngo ubone amashusho arambuye y'imitsi y'amaraso y'umutima wawe
• Isuzuma ry'umuvuduko w'umutima mu gihe cy'imyitozo kugira ngo urebe uko umutima wawe uhangana n'imikino

Abantu benshi bafite amapfa y'umutima bakenera echocardiogram gusa kugira ngo bemeze niba eseme ryabo ridakomeye cyangwa ridatuje. Iki kizami nta bubabare gifite kandi gitanga amakuru arambuye yerekeye imiterere y'umutima wawe n'uko ukora.

Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, muganga wawe ashobora kukwerekeza kwa cardiologue, inzobere mu mitima, kugira ngo akore isuzuma ry'inyongera. Ibi ntibisobanura ko hari ikibazo gikomeye, ahubwo ni ukugira ngo ubone isuzuma ry'inzobere.

Ubuvuzi bw'amaseme y'umutima ni ubuhe?

Amapfa y'umutima adakomeye ntabwo akenera ubuvuzi kuko adagaragaza ikibazo cy'umutima. Muganga wawe azakurikirana eseme ryawe mu isuzuma rya buri gihe kugira ngo yemeze ko rikomeza kuba ridakomeye.

Kubera amapfa y'umutima adatuje, ubuvuzi biterwa rwose n'uburwayi bw'umutima butera eseme. Muganga wawe azibanda ku kuvura icyateye ikibazo aho kuba eseme ubwayo.

Uburyo busanzwe bwo kuvura indwara ziterwa n'amaseme adatuje harimo:

• Imiti ifasha umutima wawe gukora neza cyangwa kugenzura umuvuduko w'umutima
• Imiti igabanya amaraso kugira ngo wirinde ibisigo niba ufite ibibazo by'amavavu
• Antibiotique kuvura indwara z'umutima
• Ubuvuzi bwo gusana cyangwa gusimbuza amavavu y'umutima yangiritse
• Uburyo bwo gufunga imyobo mu bice by'umutima
• Impinduka mu mibereho yo gushyigikira ubuzima bwiza bw'umutima

Abantu benshi bafite amapfa adatuje bashobora kuvurwa neza hifashishijwe imiti gusa. Abandi bashobora gukenera ubuvuzi, ariko ubuvuzi bw'umutima bugezweho bufite umusaruro mwiza kandi bushobora kunoza cyane ubuzima.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe by'ibibazo by'umutima byavukanye, ubuvuzi bushobora kuba burimo ubuvuzi bwinshi uko iminsi igenda cyangwa uburyo bwihariye bukorwa n'abaganga b'umutima b'abana. Ibyo bihe bikenera kwitabwaho n'itsinda ry'abaganga bamenyereye kuvura indwara zikomeye z'umutima.

Uko wakwitaho iwawe ufite amapfa y'umutima

Niba ufite eseme ry'umutima ridakomeye, ushobora kubaho ubuzima busanzwe nta kintu wihariye ukora. Komeza ibikorwa byawe bisanzwe, ukore siporo nkuko bisanzwe, kandi ugire imibereho myiza.

Kubera amapfa y'umutima adatuje, kwitaho iwawe bizaterwa n'uburwayi bwawe bw'umutima. Dore amabwiriza rusange akwiye ku bantu benshi bafite amapfa y'umutima:

• Fata imiti yose yagutegetswe neza nkuko muganga wawe yabitegetse
• Kwita ku bimenyetso byawe no gutanga raporo ku mpinduka zose ku muganga wawe
• Kugira imirire myiza y'umutima irimo umunyu muke n'amavuta yuzuye
• Komeza gukora siporo mu rwego rwemererwa na muganga wawe
• Kuryama bihagije no guhangana n'umunaniro neza
• Kwirinda itabi no kugabanya kunywa inzoga
• Kwitabira gahunda zose zo gukurikirana n'itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi

Witondere uko wumva mu bikorwa bya buri munsi. Niba ubona guhumeka nabi, ububabare mu kifuba, cyangwa umunaniro utasanzwe, hamagara muganga wawe vuba aho gutegereza gahunda yawe itaha.

Bamwe mu bantu bafite ibibazo by'umutima bagomba gufata antibiotique mbere y'ubuvuzi bw'amenyo cyangwa ibindi bivuriro. Niba ibi bikukurikiranye, menya ko abaganga bawe bose bazi uburwayi bwawe bw'umutima n'ibisabwa bya antibiotique.

Uko wakwitegura gahunda yawe yo kubona muganga

Mbere y'igahunda yawe, andika ibimenyetso byose wari ufite, nubwo bisa nkaho bidafitanye isano n'umutima wawe. Harimo igihe biba, igihe biba, n'icyo biba byiza cyangwa biba bibi.

Zana urutonde rwuzuye rw'imiti yose ufata, harimo imiti yo mu maduka, imiti y'inyongera, n'imiti y'ibimera. Imiti imwe na imwe ishobora kugira ingaruka ku mutima wawe cyangwa ikagira ingaruka ku miti y'umutima.

Tegura urutonde rw'ibibazo ushaka kubabaza muganga wawe. Dore bimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi wakwibaza:

• Ese eseme ryanjye ry'umutima ridakomeye cyangwa ridatuje?
• Nkeneye ibizamini by'inyongera cyangwa gukurikiranwa?
• Hari ibikorwa nakwirinda?
• Ni ibihe bimenyetso bikwiye kumpesha guhamaga ara muganga?
• Nkeneye kubona inzobere mu mitima?
• Ese eseme ryanjye rizagira ingaruka ku gihe cyanjye cyo kubaho cyangwa ku mibereho yanjye?

Niba ufite amateka y'umuryango w'ibibazo by'umutima, zana amakuru yerekeye indwara z'umutima z'abavandimwe bawe. Ibi bishobora gufasha muganga wawe kumva neza ibyago byawe no kumenya uburyo bwiza bwo kwita kuri wewe.

Tekereza kuzana inshuti cyangwa umuryango w'umuryango wizewe mu gahunda yawe, cyane cyane niba uhangayikishijwe n'eseme ry'umutima wawe. Bashobora kugufasha kwibuka amakuru y'ingenzi no gutanga inkunga yo mu mutima.

Icy'ingenzi cyo kuzirikana ku maseme y'umutima

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kuzirikana ni uko amapfa menshi y'umutima adakomeye. Abantu benshi babaho ubuzima bwabo bwose bafite amapfa y'umutima adakomeye batagira ibibazo cyangwa bakenera ubuvuzi.

Nubwo eseme ry'umutima ryawe ryerekana uburwayi bw'umutima, ubuvuzi bugezweho butanga ubuvuzi bwiza bushobora kugufasha kugira ubuzima bwiza. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ukufatanya n'itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi kugira ngo ukurebe uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze no gukurikiza inama zabo.

Nturetse guhangayika kubera eseme ry'umutima wawe kukubuza kubaho ubuzima buzuye. Hamwe n'ubuvuzi bukwiye n'imibereho myiza y'umutima, abantu benshi bafite amapfa y'umutima bashobora kwitabira ibikorwa byose bishimira.

Zirikana ko kugira eseme ry'umutima ntibikugaragaza cyangwa ntibigabanya ubushobozi bwawe. Komeza kumenya uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze, ukomereze kuganira n'abaganga bawe, kandi wibande ku kwita ku buzima bwawe rusange.

Ibibazo byakunze kubaho ku maseme y'umutima

Ese amapfa y'umutima ashobora kuzimira wenyine?

Yego, amapfa menshi y'umutima adakomeye ashobora kuza no kugenda mu buzima bwawe. Abana bakenshi barakura amapfa y'umutima uko bakura. Ariko, amapfa aterwa n'ibibazo by'imiterere y'umutima ntabwo ashira adakuweho uburwayi.

Ese nshobora gukora siporo niba mfite eseme ry'umutima?

Abantu benshi bafite amapfa y'umutima adakomeye bashobora gukora siporo uko bisanzwe nta kintu wihariye bakora. Niba ufite eseme ry'umutima ridatuje, muganga wawe azakugira inama ku rwego rwiza rwo gukora siporo hashingiwe ku burwayi bwawe bw'umutima. Abantu benshi bafite ibibazo by'umutima baracyashobora kwishimira gukora siporo buri gihe hamwe n'impinduka zikwiye.

Ese amapfa y'umutima araturuka mu muryango?

Amapfa y'umutima adakomeye ntabwo akenshi aturuka mu muryango, ariko ibibazo bimwe by'umutima byavukanye biterwa n'amaseme adatuje bishobora kuba mu muryango. Niba ufite amateka y'umuryango w'ibibazo by'umutima, ni ingenzi kubivugana n'umuganga wawe kugira ngo asuzume ibyago byawe kandi agutege inama yo gukurikirana.

Ese amapfa y'umutima aba mabi uko umuntu akura?

Amapfa y'umutima adakomeye ntaba mabi uko iminsi igenda kuko adagaragaza ikibazo cy'umutima. Ariko, niba ufite eseme ridatuje riterwa n'uburwayi bw'umutima, uburwayi bushobora kuzamuka uko umuntu akura. Gukurikirana buri gihe bifasha kumenya impinduka hakiri kare kugira ngo ubuvuzi buhindurwe niba ari ngombwa.

Ese gutwite bishobora kugira ingaruka ku eseme ryanjye ry'umutima?

Gutwite bishobora gutuma amapfa y'umutima adakomeye aba agaragara cyane kuko umutima wawe utera amaraso menshi mu gihe cyo gutwite. Ibi ntabwo ari ikibazo. Ariko, niba ufite eseme ry'umutima ridatuje, uzakenera gukurikiranwa hafi mu gihe cyo gutwite kugira ngo ubeho neza wowe n'umwana wawe. Abagore benshi bafite amapfa y'umutima bagira gutwite neza hamwe n'ubuvuzi bukwiye.