Hemochromatosis ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n'Ubuvuzi

Hemochromatosis ni uburwayi butuma umubiri wawe ufasha ibyuma byinshi mu biribwa urya. Aho kugira ngo umubiri ukureho ibyuma byinshi, urabibika mu ngingo nk'umwijima, umutima, na pancreas, ibyo bishobora gutera ibibazo mu gihe bitavuwe.

Tekereza nk'ikigega cy'ububiko kidahwema kwakira amafaranga. Nubwo ibyuma ari ingenzi ku buzima bwawe, byinshi biba bibangamira uko igihe kigenda. Inkuru nziza ni uko hamenyekanye hakiri kare kandi hakabaho ubuvuzi bukwiye, abantu benshi barwaye hemochromatosis bashobora kubaho ubuzima busanzwe, bwiza.

Ibimenyetso bya hemochromatosis ni ibihe?

Abantu benshi barwaye hemochromatosis nta bimenyetso bagira mu ntangiriro. Iyo ibimenyetso bigaragaye, bikuraho buhoro buhoro kandi bishobora kwitiranywa n'ibindi bibazo by'ubuzima bisanzwe.

Dore ibimenyetso ushobora kubona uko ibyuma byiyongera mu mubiri wawe:

• Uburwayi buhoraho budakira n'ubwo waruhuka
• Kubabara mu ngingo, cyane cyane mu ntoki no mu mavi
• Kubabara mu nda, cyane cyane mu gice cyo hejuru iburyo
• Gutakaza ubushake bw'imibonano mpuzabitsina cyangwa ikibazo cy'imibonano mpuzabitsina
• Ibara ry'uruhu ry'umuringa cyangwa umuhondo
• Gutakaza umusatsi bitasobanuka
• Gukubita kw'umutima cyangwa gukora nabi kw'umutima
• Indwara zikunze kugaragara
• Ibibazo byo kwibuka cyangwa kugorana kwibanda

Mu bihe bikomeye, ushobora kugira ikibazo cyo guhumeka nabi, kubyimbagira mu nda cyane, cyangwa ibimenyetso bya diyabete nk'inyota nyinshi no kwinjira kenshi.

Ubwoko bwa hemochromatosis ni ubuhe?

Hari ubwoko bubiri nyamukuru bwa hemochromatosis, kandi gusobanukirwa ubwoko ushobora kuba ufite bifasha mu gushaka ubuvuzi bukwiye. Hemochromatosis y'ibanze ni iyakuwe mu muryango, naho hemochromatosis y'ubundi bwoko iterwa n'izindi ndwara.

Hemochromatosis y'ibanze iterwa n'impinduka z'imiterere ya gene wakura mu babyeyi bawe. Ubwoko busanzwe cyane ni HFE hemochromatosis, ikaba ari yo igaragara ku bantu benshi barwaye iyi ndwara. Hari kandi izindi ndwara zidafite akamaro nk'iya hemochromatosis y'abakiri bato, igaragara hakiri kare kandi ikagenda vuba.

Hemochromatosis y'ubundi bwoko ibaho iyo izindi ndwara zituma ibyuma byiyongera mu mubiri wawe. Ibi bishobora guterwa no kwisukirwa amaraso kenshi, ubwoko bumwe bw'anemie, indwara z'umwijima zidakira, cyangwa gufata ibyuma byinshi igihe kirekire.

Intandaro ya hemochromatosis ni iyihe?

Hemochromatosis y'ibanze iterwa n'impinduka z'imiterere ya gene zigira ingaruka ku buryo umubiri wawe ugenzura uburyo bwo gufata ibyuma. Ikintu gikunze kuba intandaro ni impinduka mu gene ya HFE, isanzwe ifasha kugenzura ubwinshi bw'ibyuma amara afata mu biribwa.

Iyo iyi gene idakora neza, umubiri wawe utekereza ko ukeneye ibyuma byinshi kandi ukomeza kubifata mu biribwa. Mu mezi n'imyaka, ibyo byuma byiyongera mu ngingo zawe. Ugomba kuragwa iyi gene mbi ku babyeyi bombi kugira ngo urware iyi ndwara, nubwo kugira kopi imwe gusa bishobora gutera ikibazo cy'ibyuma bike.

Gake, impinduka mu zindi gene nk'iya TFR2, HAMP, cyangwa HJV zishobora gutera ubwoko butandukanye bwa hemochromatosis gakondo. Ibi bwoko bidafite akamaro bikunze gutuma ibyuma byiyongera vuba, rimwe na rimwe no mu bwana cyangwa mu gihe cy'ubwangavu.

Hemochromatosis y'ubundi bwoko iterwa n'izindi ndwara cyangwa ubuvuzi butuma habaho ibyuma byinshi. Kwivuza amaraso kenshi, indwara zimwe na zimwe z'amaraso nk'iya thalassemia, indwara zidakira z'umwijima, cyangwa kunywa inzoga igihe kirekire bishobora gutuma ibyuma byinshi bibikwa mu mubiri wawe.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera hemochromatosis?

Ugomba gutekereza kujya kwa muganga niba ufite uburwayi buhoraho hamwe n'ububabare mu ngingo, cyane cyane niba ibyo bimenyetso nta ntandaro ifatika bifite. Abantu benshi banga ibi bimenyetso bya mbere nk'ibimenyetso byo gusaza cyangwa umunaniro, ariko birakwiye gukorerwa isuzuma.

Birakomeye cyane gukorerwa isuzuma niba ufite amateka y'umuryango wa hemochromatosis, indwara z'umwijima, diyabete, cyangwa ibibazo by'umutima bishobora kuba bifitanye isano no kugira ibyuma byinshi. Kubera ko iyi ari indwara iherwa mu muryango, gukorerwa isuzuma mu muryango bishobora kubifata mbere y'uko ibimenyetso bigaragara.

Shaka ubufasha bw'abaganga vuba niba ubona ibara ry'uruhu ry'umuringa cyangwa umuhondo, kubabara mu nda cyane, guhumeka nabi, cyangwa ibimenyetso bya diyabete. Ibi bimenyetso bigaragaza ko ibyuma byiyongereye cyane bikeneye isuzuma n'ubuvuzi vuba.

Ntugatege amatwi niba ufite ibimenyetso bikubangamiye hamwe n'amateka y'umuryango w'iyi ndwara. Kumenya hakiri kare no kuvurwa bishobora gukumira ibibazo bikomeye kandi bikagufasha kugira ubuzima bwiza.

Ibyago byo kurwara hemochromatosis ni ibihe?

Ibyago byo kurwara hemochromatosis biterwa ahanini n'imiterere yawe ya gene n'amateka y'umuryango wawe. Gusobanukirwa ibyo byago bishobora kugufasha wowe na muganga wawe gufata umwanzuro w'uko gukorerwa isuzuma ari ngombwa kuri wowe.

Ibyago by'ibanze birimo:

• Kugira ababyeyi cyangwa abavandimwe barwaye hemochromatosis
• Kuba ufite inkomoko yo mu Burayi bw'Amajyaruguru, cyane cyane abo mu bwoko bw'Abaceltique
• Kuba umugabo (abagabo bagaragaza ibimenyetso mbere y'abagore)
• Kuba umaze guhita mu gihe cyo kubyara niba uri umugore
• Kugira indwara zimwe na zimwe z'amaraso zisaba kwisukirwa amaraso
• Indwara zidakira z'umwijima ziterwa n'icyo ari cyo cyose
• Koresha ibyuma byinshi igihe kirekire utabifashijwemo na muganga

Abagabo bakunze kugaragaza ibimenyetso hagati y'imyaka 40-60, mu gihe abagore badakunda kubigaragaza kugeza nyuma y'igihe cyo kubyara. Ibi bibaho kuko abagore bahomba ibyuma binyuze mu mihango, ibyo bikaba ari uburinzi bw'umwanya ku kugira ibyuma byinshi mu gihe cyo kubyara.

Nubwo ufite ibyago bya gene, imikorere yawe nk'ubuzima bwawe bwa buri munsi, nko kugabanya kunywa inzoga no kwirinda ibyuma bitari ngombwa bishobora kugabanya ibyago by'ibibazo.

Ibibazo bishoboka bya hemochromatosis ni ibihe?

Iyo hemochromatosis idavuwe imyaka myinshi, ibyuma byinshi bishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye mu ngingo nyinshi z'umubiri wawe. Inkuru nziza ni uko ubuvuzi bwa kare bushobora gukumira ibyo bibazo byinshi.

Dore ibibazo bikomeye bishobora kubaho uko igihe kigenda:

• Ibibazo by'umwijima, harimo cirrhosis n'ibyago byiyongereye byo kurwara kanseri y'umwijima
• Ibibazo by'umutima nk'uko gukora nabi kw'umutima cyangwa gucika intege kw'umutima
• Diyabete iterwa n'ibyago by'ibyuma ku mutima
• Uburwayi bw'ingingo, cyane cyane mu ntoki no mu mavi
• Impinduka z'ibara ry'uruhu zishobora kubaho burundu
• Ibibazo by'imibonano mpuzabitsina n'ibyago byo kubyara
• Indwara z'umwijima
• Ibyago byiyongereye byo kurwara

Umwijima ni wo ukunze kugaragaraho ibibazo byinshi, niyo mpamvu gukurikirana buri gihe ari ingenzi. Ibibazo by'umutima bishobora kuba bikomeye cyane ariko biri mu byoroshye gukumira ukoresheje ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Ibibazo byinshi bishobora guhagarikwa cyangwa no gukira niba byafashwe hakiri kare. Niyo mpamvu gukorerwa isuzuma mu muryango no gutangira ubuvuzi mbere y'uko ibimenyetso bigaragara ari ingenzi cyane.

Hemochromatosis ishobora gukumirwa gute?

Kubera ko hemochromatosis y'ibanze ari indwara iherwa mu muryango, ntushobora kuyikumira. Ariko rero, ushobora gukumira ibibazo n'ibimenyetso binyuze mu kumenya hakiri kare no mu buzima bwa buri munsi.

Niba ufite amateka y'umuryango wa hemochromatosis, gukorerwa isuzuma rya gene no gukurikirana urwego rw'ibyuma buri gihe bishobora gufata iyi ndwara mbere y'uko ibibazo mu ngingo bigaragara. Gutangira ubuvuzi hakiri kare bivuze ko ushobora kubaho ubuzima busanzwe nta bimenyetso bigaragara.

Ushobora kandi kugabanya ibyago byo kugira ibyuma byinshi mu kwirinda ibyuma bitari ngombwa, kugabanya ibyongeramo vitamine C (byongera gufata ibyuma), no kugabanya kunywa inzoga. Ibi bintu ni ingenzi cyane niba ufite impinduka za gene za hemochromatosis.

Kugira ngo ukumire hemochromatosis y'ubundi bwoko, korana na muganga wawe kugira ngo ugenzure izindi ndwara zishobora gutuma ibyuma byiyongera, kandi ufate ibyuma gusa iyo ari ngombwa.

Hemochromatosis imenyekanwa gute?

Kumenya hemochromatosis bisanzwe bitangira hakoreshejwe isuzuma ry'amaraso rigena urwego rw'ibyuma n'uburyo umubiri wawe ubika ibyuma. Ibi bizamini biroroshye, byihuse, kandi byizewe cyane mu kumenya ibyuma byinshi.

Muganga wawe ashobora gusaba isuzuma rya transferrin saturation n'isuzuma rya ferritin. Transferrin saturation igaragaza ubwinshi bw'ibyuma biri mu maraso yawe, naho ferritin igaragaza ubwinshi bw'ibyuma bibitswe mu mubiri wawe. Ibipimo byinshi kuri ibi bizamini bigaragaza hemochromatosis.

Niba isuzuma ry'amaraso yawe ryerekana ko hari ibyuma byinshi, isuzuma rya gene rishobora kwemeza niba ufite hemochromatosis iherwa mu muryango. Ibi bikorwa hakoreshejwe isuzuma ry'amaraso rigaragaza impinduka mu gene igenzura gufata ibyuma.

Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba izindi isuzuma nk'iya MRI kugira ngo apime urwego rw'ibyuma mu mwijima wawe, cyangwa gake, isuzuma ry'umwijima kugira ngo apime ibibazo. Ibi bizamini bifasha kumenya uko iyi ndwara ikomeye kandi bigatuma hafatwa umwanzuro w'ubuvuzi.

Ubuvuzi bwa hemochromatosis ni ubuhe?

Ubuvuzi nyamukuru bwa hemochromatosis ni uburyo bworoshye kandi bukoreshwa cyane: gukuraho amaraso mu mubiri wawe buri gihe binyuze mu buryo bwitwa phlebotomy. Ibi ni kimwe no gutanga amaraso, ariko bikorwa mu rwego rwo kugabanya urwego rw'ibyuma.

Mu ntangiriro, ushobora kuba ukeneye phlebotomy rimwe cyangwa kabiri mu cyumweru kugeza urwego rw'ibyuma rugarutse mu buryo busanzwe. Ibi bisanzwe bifata amezi atandatu kugeza ku mwaka, bitewe n'ubwinshi bw'ibyuma byinshi umubiri wawe wabitse. Iyo urwego rwawe rugeragejwe, uzasaba phlebotomy buri mezi make.

Ubuvuzi busanzwe bukorwa neza, kandi abantu benshi bumva bameze neza uko urwego rw'ibyuma rugenda rugabanyuka. Uburwayi bwawe buragabanuka, ububabare mu ngingo bushobora kugabanuka, kandi ibyago by'ibibazo bigabanuka cyane.

Ku bantu badashobora kwihanganira phlebotomy kubera izindi ndwara, muganga wawe ashobora kwandika imiti yo kuvura ibyuma. Iyi miti ifasha umubiri wawe gukuraho ibyuma byinshi binyuze mu mpiswi cyangwa mu ntege, ariko isanzwe ikoreshwa mu bihe bidasanzwe.

Uburyo bwo kuvura hemochromatosis mu rugo?

Kuvura hemochromatosis mu rugo bisobanura gufata ibyemezo byiza byo kurya no guhindura imikorere ya buri munsi ifasha ubuvuzi bwawe. Ibi bihinduka bishobora gufasha kunoza urwego rw'ibyuma no kunoza uko wumva buri munsi.

Gabanya ibiryo bifite ibyuma byinshi, cyane cyane inyama zitukura, inyama z'ingingo, n'ibiribwa byongerewemo ibyuma. Ntukeneye kubikuraho burundu, ariko kubigabanya bifasha ubuvuzi bwawe gukora neza. Fata indyo yuzuye ifite imbuto, imboga, n'ibinyampeke byuzuye.

Wirinda gufata ibyuma cyangwa ibinyobwa byongerewemo ibyuma keretse muganga wawe abikuyeho. Nanone, gabanya ibyongeramo vitamine C, kuko vitamine C yongera gufata ibyuma mu biribwa.

Tegereza kunywa icyayi cyangwa ikawa mu gihe cyo kurya, kuko ibyo binyamahumyo bishobora kugabanya gufata ibyuma. Kugabanya kunywa inzoga cyangwa kubyirinda burundu bifasha kurinda umwijima wawe kandi bikagufasha gukurikiza gahunda yawe y'ubuvuzi.

Uko wakwitegura kujya kwa muganga?

Mbere yo kujya kwa muganga, kora urutonde rw'amateka y'ubuzima bw'umuryango wawe, cyane cyane abavandimwe barwaye indwara z'umwijima, diyabete, ibibazo by'umutima, cyangwa hemochromatosis izwi. Ibyo bintu bifasha muganga wawe gusuzuma ibyago byawe no gutegura isuzuma rikwiye.

Kora urutonde rw'ibimenyetso byawe byose, harimo igihe byatangiye n'uburyo bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi. Ntucikwe no kuvuga uburwayi, ububabare mu ngingo, impinduka z'uruhu, cyangwa ibindi bibazo, nubwo bisa ntibifitanye isano.

Zana urutonde rwuzuye rw'imiti yose, ibyongeramo, na vitamine ufashe. Harimo ibyongeramo ibyuma, ibinyobwa byongerewemo ibyuma, cyangwa imiti y'ibimera, kuko bishobora kugira ingaruka ku rwego rw'ibyuma.

Tegura ibibazo ku ndwara, uburyo bwo kuvura, n'icyo witeze mu gihe kizaza. Baza ibyerekeye gukorerwa isuzuma mu muryango niba inama y'abaganga ku birebana na gene ishobora kukugirira akamaro wowe n'abavandimwe bawe.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya kuri hemochromatosis?

Hemochromatosis ni indwara ishobora kuvurwa neza iyo imenyekanye hakiri kare kandi ivuwe neza. Hamwe na phlebotomy buri gihe no guhindura imikorere ya buri munsi, abantu benshi barwaye hemochromatosis bashobora kubaho ubuzima busanzwe, bwiza nta bibazo bigaragara.

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko kumenya hakiri kare ari ingenzi cyane. Niba ufite amateka y'umuryango w'iyi ndwara cyangwa ufite uburwayi buhoraho n'ububabare mu ngingo, ntutinye kuvugana na muganga wawe kugira ngo ukorerwe isuzuma.

Ubuvuzi buroroshye kandi bukoreshwa cyane, kandi uko utangiye vuba, ni ko ubuzima bwawe bw'igihe kirekire buzaba bwiza. Abantu benshi bumva bameze neza kurusha uko bameze mu myaka myinshi iyo urwego rw'ibyuma rwabo rugeragejwe.

Ibibazo bikunze kubaho kuri hemochromatosis

Hemochromatosis irashobora gukira?

Nubwo nta muti w'iyi ndwara ubwayo, hemochromatosis ishobora kugenzurwa neza hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye. Phlebotomy buri gihe igenzura urwego rw'ibyuma kandi ikumira ibibazo. Abantu benshi bafite hemochromatosis igenzurwa neza babaho ubuzima busanzwe, bwiza nta bimenyetso cyangwa ibibazo.

Nzingahe nkeneye kuvurwa gukuraho amaraso?

Mu ntangiriro, ushobora kuba ukeneye phlebotomy rimwe cyangwa kabiri mu cyumweru kugeza urwego rw'ibyuma rugarutse mu buryo busanzwe, ibyo bisanzwe bifata amezi 6-12. Nyuma y'ibyo, abantu benshi bakeneye kuvurwa buri mezi 2-4. Muganga wawe azakurikirana urwego rw'ibyuma byawe kandi azahindura umubare bitewe n'ibyo ukeneye.

Abana banjye bazaragwa hemochromatosis?

Niba ufite hemochromatosis, buri mwana wawe afite amahirwe 25% yo kuragwa iyi ndwara niba uwo mwashakanye na we afite impinduka za gene. Ariko, kugira kopi imwe ya gene (kuba umuturage) ntabwo bisanzwe bituma habaho ibibazo. Inama y'abaganga ku birebana na gene ishobora kugufasha gusobanukirwa ibyago n'uburyo bwo gukorerwa isuzuma mu muryango wawe.

Nshobora gutanga amaraso mu gihe cyo kuvurwa kwa phlebotomy?

Ahantu henshi, amaraso akurwaho mu gihe cyo kuvura hemochromatosis ashobora gutangwa mu mabanki y'amaraso, afasha abarwayi bandi mu gihe uvurwa. Ibi bituma ubuvuzi bwawe bugirira akamaro wowe n'abandi bakeneye kwisukirwa amaraso. Suzuma niba hari gahunda yo gutanga amaraso aho uvuziwe.

Hemochromatosis ifitanye isano n'anemie?

Hemochromatosis ni ukurwanya anemia. Mu gihe anemia ari uko udafite ibyuma bihagije, hemochromatosis ni uko ufite ibyuma byinshi bibitswe mu mubiri wawe. Ariko kandi, bamwe mu bantu bafite ubwoko bumwe bw'anemie bavurwa amaraso kenshi bashobora kugira ibyuma byinshi, ibyo bikaba bisaba uburyo bwo kuvura bumeze kimwe.