Hemochromatosis

Hemochromatosis (he-moe-kroe-muh-TOE-sis) ni uburwayi butuma umubiri ufasha irinini ryinshi mu biribwa. Irinini ryinshi rikabikwa mu ngingo z'umubiri, cyane cyane umwijima, umutima na pankireasi. Irinini ryinshi rishobora gutera indwara zikomeye zishobora no kwica, nka indwara z'umwijima, ibibazo by'umutima na diyabete. Hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa hemochromatosis, ariko ubwoko busanzwe cyane guterwa no guhinduka kw'imiterere y'imirasire y'umuryango. Abantu bake gusa bafite ibyo bimenyetso bagira ibibazo bikomeye. Ibimenyetso bigaragara mu myaka y'ubukure. Ubuvuzi burimo gukuramo amaraso mu mubiri buri gihe. Kubera ko irinini rinini ry'umubiri riri mu mitsi itukura y'amaraso, ubu buvuzi buragabanya urwego rw'irini.

Abantu bamwe bafite indwara ya hemochromatosis ntibagira ibimenyetso. Ibimenyetso bya mbere bikunze gusa n’ibindi bibazo bisanzwe. Ibimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo: Uburibwe bw’ingingo. Uburibwe bw’inda. Kwumva unaniwe. Kugira intege nke. Diabete. Gutakaza ubushake bw’imibonano mpuzabitsina. Impotence. Gucika intege kw’umutima. Gucika intege k’umwijima. Ibara ry’uruhu nk’umuringa cyangwa umukara. Kubura kwibuka. Ubwoko bwa hemochromatosis busanzwe buva ku ivuka. Ariko abantu benshi ntibagira ibimenyetso kugeza mu myaka yabo y’ubukure — akenshi nyuma y’imyaka 40 ku bagabo na nyuma y’imyaka 60 ku bagore. Abagore bafite ibyago byinshi byo kugira ibimenyetso nyuma y’ihindagurika ry’imihango, iyo batakibona umunyu w’amabuye y’icyuma mu mihango no mu gihe batwite. Reba umuganga niba ufite kimwe mu bimenyetso bya hemochromatosis. Niba ufite umuntu wo mu muryango wa hafi ufite hemochromatosis, baze ubaze itsinda ry’abaganga bawe ibizamini bya gene. Ibizamini bya gene bishobora kureba niba ufite gene izamura ibyago bya hemochromatosis.

Sura umuvuzi wawe w'ubuzima niba ufite ibimenyetso bya hemochromatosis. Niba ufite umuntu wo mu muryango wa hafi ufite hemochromatosis, baza umuvuzi wawe ibizamini bya gene. Ibizamini bya gene bishobora kureba niba ufite gene yongera ibyago bya hemochromatosis.

Hemochromatosis ikunze guterwa n'impinduka mu gene. Iyi gene igenzura umubare w'ibyuma umubiri uvana mu biribwa. Iyi gene yahindutse iherwa abana baturuka ku babyeyi. Ubu bwoko bwa hemochromatosis ni bwo bugaragara cyane. Bwitwa hemochromatosis ihungabana. Gene yitwa HFE niyo ikunze gutera hemochromatosis ihungabana. Uragira gene imwe ya HFE iva kuri buri mubyeyi wawe. Gene ya HFE ifite impinduka ebyiri zisanzwe, C282Y na H63D. Ibizamini bya gene bishobora kugaragaza niba ufite izi mpinduka muri gene yawe ya HFE. Niba warazwe gene ebyiri zahindutse, ushobora kurwara hemochromatosis. Nanone ushobora guherwa gene yahindutse ku bana bawe. Ariko si buri wese warazwe gene ebyiri arwara ibibazo bifitanye isano n'umubare munini w'ibyuma muri hemochromatosis. Niba warazwe gene imwe yahindutse, ntushobora kurwara hemochromatosis. Ariko, ufatwa nk'umuturage kandi ushobora guherwa gene yahindutse ku bana bawe. Ariko abana bawe ntibazwara iyo ndwara keretse nibaramuka barazwe indi gene yahindutse yaturutse ku wundi mubyeyi. Ibyuma bigira uruhare runini mu mirimo myinshi y'umubiri, harimo gufasha gukora amaraso. Ariko ibyuma byinshi ni byangiza. Hormone isohorwa na figo, yitwa hepcidin, igenzura uko ibyuma bikoresha kandi bikinjira mu mubiri. Igenzura kandi uko ibyuma byinshi bibikwa mu ngingo zitandukanye. Muri hemochromatosis, uruhare rwa hepcidin rugira ingaruka, bituma umubiri winjiza ibyuma byinshi kurusha ibyo ukeneye. Ibyo byuma byinshi bibikwa mu ngingo zikomeye, cyane cyane figo. Mu gihe cy'imyaka, ibyuma bibitswe bishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye bishobora gutera gucika intege kw'ingingo. Bishobora kandi gutera indwara zirambye, nka cirrhosis, diyabete na gucika intege kw'umutima. Abantu benshi bafite impinduka za gene ziterwa na hemochromatosis. Ariko, si buri wese ugira umubare munini w'ibyuma ku buryo bituma ingingo n'imikaya byangirika. Hemochromatosis ihungabana si yo bwoko bwonyine bwa hemochromatosis. Ubundi bwoko burimo: Hemochromatosis y'abakiri bato. Ibi bituma haboneka ibibazo bimwe mu rubyiruko nk'ibyo hemochromatosis ihungabana itera mu bakuru. Ariko kubitsa ibyuma bitangira hakiri kare, kandi ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara hagati y'imyaka 15 na 30. Iyi ndwara iterwa n'impinduka muri hemojuvelin cyangwa hepcidin genes. Hemochromatosis y'abana bavutse. Muri iyi ndwara ikomeye, ibyuma byiyongera vuba muri figo y'umwana uri mu nda. Bibujijwe kuba indwara y'umubiri, aho umubiri wihangana. Hemochromatosis y'uburyo bwa kabiri. Ubu bwoko bw'iyi ndwara ntibuherwa kandi bukunze kwitwa umubare munini w'ibyuma. Abantu bafite ubwoko bumwe bw'indwara z'amaraso cyangwa indwara z'umwijima bakeneye amaraso menshi. Ibi bishobora gutera kubitsa ibyuma byinshi.

'Factors that increase the risk of hemochromatosis include:': 'Ibintu byongera ibyago byo kwibasirwa na hemochromatosis birimo:', 'Having two copies of an altered HFE gene. This is the greatest risk factor for hereditary hemochromatosis.': "Kugira kopi ebyiri za gene ya HFE yahindutse. Iyi ni yo ntandaro ikomeye y'indwara ya hemochromatosis ikomoka ku miryango.", 'Family history. Having a parent or sibling with hemochromatosis increases the likelihood of developing the disease.': "Amateka y'umuryango. Kugira umubyeyi cyangwa umuvandimwe ufite hemochromatosis byongera ibyago byo kurwara iyo ndwara.", 'Ethnicity. People of Northern European descent are more prone to hereditary hemochromatosis than are people of other ethnic backgrounds. Hemochromatosis is less common in people of Black, Hispanic and Asian ancestry.': "Ubwoko bw'abantu. Abantu bakomoka mu Burayi bwo mu majyaruguru barashobora kurwara hemochromatosis ikomoka ku miryango kurusha abantu bakomoka mu yandi moko. Hemochromatosis ntiboneka cyane mu bantu b'Abirabura, Abahispanike n'Abanyazi.", 'Sex. Men are more likely than women to develop symptoms of hemochromatosis at an earlier age. Because women lose iron through menstruation and pregnancy, they tend to store less of the mineral than men do. After menopause or a hysterectomy, the risk increases for women.': "Ibitsina. Abagabo barashobora kurwara ibimenyetso bya hemochromatosis mbere y'abagore. Kubera ko abagore bahomba umunyu wa fer mu mihango no mu gihe batwite, bakuraho umunyu wa fer mu mubiri kurusha abagabo. Nyuma y'ihindagurika ry'imihango cyangwa nyuma yo kubagwa, ibyago byo kurwara byiyongera ku bagore."

• Ibibazo by'umwijima. Cirrhosis — gukomerera k'umwijima bidakira — ni kimwe mu bibazo bishobora kubaho. Cirrhosis yongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'umwijima n'izindi ngaruka zikomeye zishobora kwica.
• Diabete. Gukomeretsa imbabura bishobora gutera diabete.
• Ibibazo by'umutima. Irinini ry'umuringa mu mutima wawe rigira ingaruka ku bushobozi bw'umutima bwo gutuma amaraso ahagije agera ku bice byose by'umubiri wawe. Ibi bita gucika intege kw'umutima. Hemochromatosis ishobora kandi gutera ibibazo by'umutima, bizwi nka arrhythmias.
• Ibibazo byo kubyara. Irinini ry'umuringa rishobora gutera ikibazo cyo kudakora imibonano mpuzabitsina no kubura ubushake bw'imibonano mpuzabitsina mu bagabo. Rishobora gutera kutagira imihango mu bagore.
• Guhinduka kw'irangi ry'uruhu. Irinini ry'umuringa mu ruhu rushobora gutuma uruhu rwawe rugaragara nk'umuringa cyangwa umukara.

Hemochromatosis irashobora kuba ingorabahizi kuvura. Ibimenyetso bya mbere nko kubabara ingingo no kunanirwa bishobora guterwa n'izindi ndwara uretse hemochromatosis.

Abantu benshi barwaye iyi ndwara nta bimenyetso bafite uretse kutagira irindi shyira mu maraso. Hemochromatosis ishobora kumenyekana kubera ibisubizo bidahamye byo gupima amaraso nyuma yo gupima izindi mpamvu. Ishobora kandi kugaragara igihe hagenzurwa abagize umuryango w'abarwaye iyi ndwara.

Ibizamini bibiri by'ingenzi byo gupima umwimerere w'umwimerere ni:

• Ubushobozi bwa Serum transferrin. Iki kizamini kipima umubare w'ibyuma bifatanye na poroteyine transferrin itwara ibyuma mu maraso yawe. Agaciro ka transferrin karengeje 45% gifatwa nk'ikirengeje urugero.

Ibi bipimo by'amaraso by'ibyuma ni byiza gukorwa umaze kwiyiriza ubusa. Kugira ibyuma byinshi mu kizamini kimwe cyangwa byose bishobora kuboneka mu zindi ndwara. Ushobora gukenera gupima ukundi kugira ngo ubone ibisubizo byizewe.

Umuganga wawe ashobora kugutekerezaho ibindi bipimo kugira ngo yemeze uburwayi kandi arebe ibindi bibazo:

• Ibizamini byo gukora kw'umwijima. Ibi bizamini bishobora gufasha kumenya ko umwijima wangiritse.
• MRI. MRI ni uburyo bwihuse kandi budakomeretsa kugira ngo upime ingano y'ibyuma byinshi mu mwijima wawe.
• Gupima impinduka za gene. Gupima ADN yawe kugira ngo harebwe impinduka muri gene ya HFE birasuzurwa niba ufite ibyuma byinshi mu maraso yawe. Niba utekereza gupima gene kugira ngo harebwe hemochromatosis, banira ibyiza n'ibibi n'umuganga wawe cyangwa umujyanama w'ibijyanye na gene.
• Gukuramo igice cy'umwijima kugira ngo gipimwe. Niba umuganga wawe akeka ko umwijima wangiritse, ashobora gutegeka ko umwijima upimwa. Mu gupima umwijima, igice cy'umubiri gikurwa mu mwijima hakoreshejwe umugozi muto. Igice kijyanwa muri laboratwari kugira ngo harebwe niba hari ibyuma. Laboratwari kandi ireba ibimenyetso byo kwangirika kw'umwijima, cyane cyane ibikomere cyangwa cirrhosis. Ibyago byo gupima birimo imikurire, kuva amaraso no kwandura.

Gupima gene birasuzurwa ku babyeyi bose, abavandimwe n'abana b'umuntu wese ubonye hemochromatosis. Niba impinduka ya gene iboneka mu mubyeyi umwe gusa, abana ntibakenera gupimwa.