Hemofiliya

Hemofiliya ni indwara idahwitse aho amaraso adakama nk’uko bisanzwe kubera adafite ibyiyunguruza bihagije by’amaraso (ibintu bikama). Niba ufite hemofiliya, ushobora kuva amaraso igihe kirekire nyuma yo gukomereka kurusha uko byaba bimeze amaraso yawe akamira neza.

Udukata duto ntibisanzwe biba ikibazo. Niba ufite ubwoko bukomeye bw’iyi ndwara, ikibazo nyamukuru ni ukuvuza amaraso imbere mu mubiri wawe, cyane cyane mu mavi, mu birenge no mu maboko. Kuva amaraso imbere bishobora kwangiza imyanya y’umubiri wawe n’ingingo kandi bikaba bibangamira ubuzima.

Hemofiliya hafi ya hose ni indwara iherwa mu muryango. Ivuriro ririmo gusimbuza buri gihe ikintu cyihariye gikama amaraso cyagabanutse. Ubuvura bushya budafite ibyiyunguruza by’amaraso burimo gukoreshwa.

Ibimenyetso n'ibibonwa bya hemofiliya bitandukanye, bitewe n'igipimo cy'ibintu bya caogulation ufite. Niba igipimo cy'ibintu bya caogulation yawe gito gato, ushobora gukuramo amaraso gusa nyuma y'igihe wakoreweho igikorwa cy'abaganga cyangwa wakomerekeye. Niba ubuke bwawe bukabije, ushobora kuva amaraso byoroshye nta mpamvu isobanura. Ibimenyetso n'ibibonwa byo kuva amaraso ukundi ni ibi bikurikira: Kuva amaraso bidasobanutse kandi birenze urugero mu gikomere cyangwa mu gisebe, cyangwa nyuma y'igihe wakoreweho igikorwa cy'abaganga cyangwa igikorwa cy'amenyo Udukoko twinshi cyangwa twimbitse Kuva amaraso bidasanzwe nyuma yo gukingirwa Kubabara, kubyimba cyangwa gufata mu ngingo Amaraso mu mpiswi cyangwa mu ntege Kuva amaraso mu mazuru nta mpamvu izwi Mu bana bato, kugira umujinya utasobanuka Igisigo gito ku mutwe gishobora gutera kuva amaraso mu bwonko kuri bamwe mu bantu bafite hemofiliya ikomeye. Ibi bibaho gake, ariko ni kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye bishobora kubaho. Ibimenyetso n'ibibonwa birimo: Kubabara, umutwe ubabara igihe kirekire Kugaragaza inshuro nyinshi Ubunebwe cyangwa kugenda buhoro Kubona ibintu bibiri Intege nke cyangwa ubunebwe butunguranye Guhindagurika cyangwa gutakaza ubwenge Shaka ubufasha bwihuse niba wowe cyangwa umwana wawe afite: Ibimenyetso cyangwa ibimenyetso byo kuva amaraso mu bwonko Umuntu wakomerekeye aho amaraso atahagarara Ingingo zibyimba zishyushye kandi bibabaza gukubita

Shaka ubuvuzi bwihuse niba wowe cyangwa umwana wawe afite:

• Ibimenyetso byo kuva amaraso mu bwonko
• Umuntu wakomeretse amaraso atahagarara
• Ibibero byibyimba, bishyushye kandi bibabaza iyo ubyunamye

Iyo umuntu avuye amaraso, umubiri ubusanzwe uhuza uturemangingo tw'amaraso kugira ngo hagire umuvundo uhagarika amaraso. Ibintu byongera ubuvundo ni poroteyine ziri mu maraso zikorana n'uturemangingo tuzwi nka plaquettes kugira ngo hagire umuvundo. Hemofiliya ibaho iyo habaye ikintu cyongera ubuvundo cyabuze cyangwa urugero rwacyo rukaba ruke.

Hemofiliya isanzwe irazwa, bisobanura ko umuntu avukana iyo ndwara (congétal). Hemofiliya yavukana irangwa n'ubwoko bw'ikintu cyongera ubuvundo buke.

Ubwoko busanzwe ni hemofiliya A, ifitanye isano n'urugero ruke rwa facteur 8 Ubwoko bukurikiraho ni hemofiliya B, ifitanye isano n'urugero ruke rwa facteur 9.

Bamwe barwara hemofiliya batagira amateka y'iyo ndwara mu muryango wabo. Ibi bita hemofiliya yabonetse.

Hemofiliya yabonetse ni ubwoko bw'iyo ndwara buhaba iyo ubudahangarwa bw'umuntu bugabye kuri facteur 8 cyangwa 9 mu maraso. Bishobora kuba bifitanye isano na:

• Gutwita
• Indwara ziterwa n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri
• Kanseri
• Sclérose en plaques
• Imikorere mibi y'imiti

Mu bwoko busanzwe bwa hemofiliya, gene mbi iba iri kuri chromosome X. Buri wese afite chromosome ebyiri z'igitsina, imwe iva kuri buri mubyeyi. Abagore barazwa chromosome X iva kuri nyina na chromosome X iva kuri se. Abagabo barazwa chromosome X iva kuri nyina na chromosome Y iva kuri se.

Ibi bivuze ko hemofiliya hafi ya hose iba mu bahungu kandi ikaba iherwa na nyina ku mwana we w'umuhungu binyuze muri imwe mu gene za nyina. Abagore benshi bafite gene mbi baba ari abazitwaye badafite ibimenyetso cyangwa ibipimo bya hemofiliya. Ariko bamwe mu bazitwaye bashobora kugira ibimenyetso byo kuva amaraso niba ibintu byongera ubuvundo byabo bigabanutse mu rugero ruhagije.

Ikintu gikomeye cyane gishobora gutera indwara ya hemofiliya ni ukugira abagize umuryango bafite iyo ndwara. Abagabo bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara hemofiliya kurusha abagore.

Ingaruka z'indwara ya hemofiliya zishobora kuba:

• Kuva amaraso mu mazuru cyangwa mu ijosi. Ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bushobozi bw'umuntu bwo guhumeka.
• Dukurire. Niba ibintu bifasha amaraso gukomera byifashishwa mu kuvura indwara ya hemofiliya bikomoka mu maraso y'abantu, hari ibyago byiyongereye byo kwandura virusi nka hepatite C. Kubera uburyo bwo gusuzuma abatererana amaraso, ibyago ni bike.
• Ingaruka mbi ziterwa n'imiti ikoreshwa mu kuvura amaraso gukomera. Mu bamwe bafite indwara ya hemofiliya ikomeye, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bugira ingaruka mbi ku bintu bifasha amaraso gukomera byifashishwa mu kuvura kuva amaraso. Ibi nibyo bibaho, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri butera proteine zibabuza ibintu bifasha amaraso gukomera gukora, bituma imiti iba nta cyo imaze.

Uburwayi bukomeye bwa hemofiliya busanzwe bumenyekana mu mwaka wa mbere w'ubuzima. Ubwoko buke butoroshye bushobora kutagaragara kugeza ku myaka y'ubukure. Bamwe bamenya ko bafite hemofiliya nyuma yo kuva amaraso cyane mu gihe cy'ubuganga.Ibizamini byo gupima ibintu by'amaraso bishobora kugaragaza ikibazo cyo kubura ibintu by'amaraso kandi bigahamya ubukana bwa hemofiliya.Ku bantu bafite amateka y'umuryango wa hemofiliya, ibizamini bya genetike bishobora gukoreshwa mu kumenya abantu batwaye indwara kugira ngo bafate ibyemezo by'ubwenge ku bijyanye no gutwita.Bishoboka kandi kumenya mu gihe cyo gutwita niba umwana uri mu nda arwaye hemofiliya.Ariko, ibizamini bigira ingaruka ku mwana uri mu nda. Muganire ku byiza n'ingaruka z'ibizamini na muganga wawe.