Hepatite A ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n’Ubuvuzi

Hepatite A ni indwara iterwa na virusi itera umwijima gutukura. Ni imwe mu ndwara za hepatite zikunze kugaragara, ariko inkuru nziza ni uko irashobora kwirindwa burundu hakoreshejwe inkingo kandi ikenshi ikira yonyine idasize ingaruka z’igihe kirekire.

Bitandukanye n’izindi ndwara za hepatite, hepatite A ntabwo iba indwara iramara igihe kirekire. Umubiri wawe urwanya iyo virusi, kandi iyo ukiyikize, ugira ubudahangarwa bw’igihe kirekire. Ibi bivuze ko ntushobora kongera kwandura hepatite A, ibyo bikaba bishimishije kuri benshi bari bafite impungenge zo kongera kuyandura.

Hepatite A ni iki?

Hepatite A iterwa na virusi ya hepatite A (HAV), igaba igitero ku mitsi y’umwijima. Iyo virusi yinjiye mu mubiri wawe, itera umwijima gutukura no kubyimbagira, ibyo bikaba bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y’umwijima wawe by’agateganyo.

Umutima wawe ni nk’ikigo gikuru cy’ubucuruzi bw’umubiri wawe, utoza uburozi kandi ufasha mu gusya ibyo kurya. Iyo hepatite A igufashe, izo nshingano zishobora kugabanuka, bigatuma ugira ibimenyetso ushobora kumva. Gutukura ni uburyo bw’umubiri wawe bwo kurwanya iyo virusi.

Abantu benshi barakira mu byumweru bike cyangwa amezi make. Umutima wawe ufite ubushobozi bwo kwiyubaka, kandi hepatite A ntabwo ikunze gutera iyangirika rya burundu iyo ivuwe neza.

Ibimenyetso bya Hepatite A ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso bya hepatite A bikunze kugaragara nyuma y’ibyumweru 2 kugeza kuri 6 umaze kwandura iyo virusi. Abantu benshi, cyane cyane abana bato, bashobora kutagaragaza ibimenyetso na bimwe, ibyo bikaba bishobora gutuma iyo ndwara itahurwa hakiri kare.

Iyo ibimenyetso bigaragaye, bikunze gutangira buhoro buhoro kandi bishobora kumera nk’iby’umurwayi wa grippe. Dore ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara ko umubiri wawe ushobora kuba urwanya hepatite A:

• Uburwayi n’umunaniro udasanzwe, na nyuma yo kuruhuka
• Isesemi n’kuruka bidashira
• Kubura ubushake bwo kurya, aho n’ibyo kurya ukunda bitakikurura
• Umuriro muke, ubusanzwe hafi ya 38-38.3°C
• Kubabara mu nda, cyane cyane mu gice cyo hejuru iburyo aho umwijima uherereye
• Inkari z’ijisho ry’umukara zimeze nk’icyayi cyangwa kola
• Amashyira yera cyangwa yijimye
• Isuka, itera umubiri gutukura n’amaso kuba umuhondo
• Kubabara mu ngingo n’imikaya mu mubiri wose

Isuka n’inkari z’ijisho ry’umukara ni ibimenyetso bikunze gutuma abantu bashaka ubuvuzi, kuko biboneka cyane. Ibi bibaho kuko umwijima wawe utukura utabasha gutunganya bilirubine neza, ikintu cy’umuhondo gikwirakwira mu maraso.

Ibimenyetso bikunze kumara igihe kitarenze amezi abiri, nubwo bamwe bashobora kumva bananiwe kandi bagasinda igihe kirekire umubiri wabo ukirinda.

Intandaro ya Hepatite A ni iki?

Hepatite A ikwirakwira binyuze mu nzira abaganga bita “inzira y’amagambo”. Ibi bivuze ko iyo virusi iva mu mwanda w’umuntu wanduye ikajya mu kanwa k’undi muntu, akenshi binyuze mu biribwa, amazi, cyangwa imibanire ya hafi.

Iyo virusi irakomeye kandi ishobora kubaho hanze y’umubiri amezi menshi, cyane cyane mu bipimo by’ubushyuhe buke. Dore uko ushobora guhura na hepatite A:

• Kurya ibiryo byateguwe n’umuntu ufite hepatite A kandi atarasukura intoki ze neza
• Kunwa amazi yanduye cyangwa gukoresha ubukonje bukozwe mu mazi yanduye
• Kurya amafi abisi cyangwa atatetse neza yakuruwe mu mazi yanduye
• Kugira imibanire ya hafi n’umuntu ufite hepatite A, harimo n’imibonano mpuzabitsina
• Gusangira ibintu bya buri muntu nk’uburooshe bw’amenyo cyangwa amapanga n’umuntu wanduye
• Kunywa ibiyobyabwenge, byaba byinjijwe mu mubiri cyangwa bitarinjijwe, kubera kwanduza

Ingendo mpuzamahanga zijya mu bice bitameze neza mu bijyanye n’isuku zongera ibyago byinshi. Iyo virusi ikunze kugaragara mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere aho kubona amazi meza n’ububiko bw’amazi meza bishobora kuba bigoye.

Abantu baba bandura cyane ibyumweru bibiri mbere y’uko ibimenyetso bigaragara kandi mu cyumweru cya mbere cy’uburwayi. Ibi bivuze ko umuntu ashobora kwanduza abandi nubwo yumva ameze neza, ariyo mpamvu indwara ishobora kugaragara nk’aho yaturutse aho itava.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera Hepatite A?

Wagomba kuvugana n’umuganga wawe niba ugize ibimenyetso bishobora kugaragaza hepatite A, cyane cyane niba uherutse guhura n’ibyago. Gusuzuma hakiri kare bifasha mu gukurikirana neza no gukumira ingaruka.

Shaka ubuvuzi vuba niba ugize isuka, isesemi idashira n’kuruka, cyangwa kubabara mu nda bikomeye. Ibyo bimenyetso bisaba ko usuzumwa n’umuganga kugira ngo hamenyekane icyo ufite kandi hamenyekane niba hari izindi ndwara.

Fata ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa niba ugize ibimenyetso by’uburwayi bukomeye, nk’ubushashatsi, umunaniro ukabije ubuza ibikorwa bya buri munsi, cyangwa ibimenyetso byo gucika amazi kubera kuruka kenshi. Nubwo ari bito, ibyo bishobora kugaragaza ingaruka zisaba ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa.

Niba uzi ko wahuye na hepatite A binyuze mu biribwa byanduye, amazi, cyangwa imibanire ya hafi n’umuntu wanduye, vugana n’umuganga wawe mbere y’uko ibimenyetso bigaragara. Ingamba zo kwirinda nyuma yo kwandura zikora neza iyo zitanze mu byumweru bibiri umaze kwandura.

Ibyago byo kwandura Hepatite A ni ibihe?

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera amahirwe yo kwandura hepatite A, nubwo umuntu wese ashobora kuyandura iyo ahuriye nayo. Gusobanukirwa ibyo byago bifasha mu gufata ingamba zikwiye ku mimerere yawe.

Ibyago byawe bishobora kuba byinshi niba uri muri izi nzego:

• Kujya cyangwa kuba mu bice hepatite A ikunze kugaragara, harimo ibice bya Afurika, Aziya, Amerika yo hagati n’Amerika y’Epfo
• Gukora mu buvuzi, kwita ku bana, cyangwa gutunganya amazi y’imisarane aho kwandura bishoboka
• Kuba mu rugo cyangwa kugira imibanire ya hafi n’umuntu ufite hepatite A
• Kugira abantu benshi bakorana imibonano mpuzabitsina cyangwa gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina y’inyuma
• Kunywa ibiyobyabwenge, bitaba byinjijwe mu mubiri
• Kugira indwara y’umwijima iramara igihe kirekire, ibigutera kwibasirwa n’ingaruka
• Kugira ikibazo cyo gukomera kw’amaraso no kubona ibikoresho by’amaraso buri gihe
• Kuba umukene cyangwa kuba mu bice byuzuye abantu kandi bitameze neza mu isuku

Abagabo bakorana imibonano mpuzabitsina n’abagabo bafite ibyago byinshi kubera ko bashobora kwandura binyuze mu nzira y’amagambo mu gihe cy’imibonano mpuzabitsina. Iyo miryango ikunze kugira inyungu mu bikorwa byo gukingira.

Abana bato bari mu bigo by’abana bashobora kwanduza abandi vuba, akenshi batagaragaza ibimenyetso. Ibi bishobora gutera indwara mu miryango n’abaturage bafitanye isano n’icyo kigo.

Ingaruka zishoboka za Hepatite A ni izihe?

Abantu benshi barakira hepatite A batagize ibibazo by’igihe kirekire. Ariko, gusobanukirwa ingaruka zishoboka bifasha kumenya icyo wakurikirana n’igihe wakwishakira ubuvuzi bundi.

Ingaruka nyinshi ni nke, ariko zishobora kuba nyinshi mu matsinda amwe y’abantu. Dore ingaruka zishobora rimwe na rimwe kugaragara:

• Ibimenyetso biramba igihe kirekire cyane kurusha amezi atandatu, bigatera umunaniro n’ubusinzire
• Hepatite A isubira, aho ibimenyetso bisubira nyuma yo kumera neza
• Gucika kw’umwijima, ariko ni bito cyane ariko bishobora kuba bibi
• Hepatite ya cholestatic, itera isuka iramara igihe kirekire no gukorora
• Ibibazo by’impyiko mu bihe bito, cyane cyane mu bantu bafite ibibazo by’ubuzima

Abantu barengeje imyaka 50 n’abafite indwara y’umwijima bafite ibyago byinshi byo kugira ingaruka. Ubudahangarwa bwabo bushobora kugira imbaraga nke mu kurwanya iyo virusi, bigatuma barwara cyane cyangwa igihe kirekire.

Gucika kw’umwijima ni yo ngaruka ikomeye, nubwo bibaho mu kigero kiri munsi ya 1% by’abantu. Ibimenyetso birimo ubwenge buke, umunaniro ukabije, n’impinduka mu gukomera kw’amaraso. Ibi bisaba kujya mu bitaro vuba no kuvurwa cyane.

Inkuru nziza ni uko nubwo hari ingaruka, abantu benshi barakira neza bafashijwe n’abaganga. Ikipe yawe y’abaganga izakukurikirana hafi niba uri mu kaga.

Hepatite A ishobora kwirindwa gute?

Kwivuza neza ni ingirakamaro cyane mu kurwanya hepatite A, kandi inkingo itanga uburinzi bukomeye. Urukingo rwa hepatite A ni rwiza, rukora, kandi rutanga ubudahangarwa bw’igihe kirekire ku bantu benshi.

Urukingo rusabwa ku bana bose bafite imyaka 12-23, hamwe n’urundi rugingo nyuma y’amezi 6-18. Abantu bakuru batakingiwe bakiri bato bagomba gutekereza ku gukingirwa, cyane cyane niba bafite ibyago.

Uretse gukingirwa, isuku isanzwe igabanya cyane ibyago byo kwandura:

• Suka intoki zawe neza n’amazi n’isabune, cyane cyane nyuma yo kujya mu bwiherero no mbere yo kurya
• Wirinda kunywa amazi yo mu muyoboro n’ubukonje mu gihe uri mu ngendo mu bice by’ibyago
• Kurya ibiryo byatetse neza kandi wirinda amafi abisi cyangwa atatetse neza
• Kora ubwawe imbuto n’imboga niba bishoboka
• Wirinda gusangira ibintu bya buri muntu nk’uburooshe bw’amenyo, amapanga, cyangwa ibikoresho byo kurya
• Kora imibonano mpuzabitsina myiza kandi ugabanye umubare w’abantu bakorana imibonano mpuzabitsina

Niba uri mu ngendo mpuzamahanga, vugana n’umuganga wawe byibuze ibyumweru 4-6 mbere yo kugenda. Bashobora kugira inama y’uko ukeneye gukingirwa no gutanga inama zihariye ku gihugu ugiye.

Ku bantu bahuye na hepatite A, kwivuza nyuma yo kwandura hamwe n’inkingo cyangwa immunoglobulin bishobora gukumira kwandura niba bitanzwe mu byumweru bibiri umaze kwandura. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane ku bantu baba mu rugo n’abakunzi b’abantu banduye.

Hepatite A itahurwa gute?

Kumenya hepatite A bikunze gukorwa hakoreshejwe ibizamini by’amaraso bishobora kumenya iyo virusi cyangwa uburyo umubiri wawe uyirwanya.

Isuzuma nyamukuru ry’amaraso rirebana na antikorps za hepatite A zitwa IgM anti-HAV. Izo antikorps zigaragara mu maraso yawe iyo ufite iyo ndwara. Isura nziza yemeza ko ufite hepatite A.

Umuganga wawe azareba kandi imikorere y’umwijima wawe hakoreshejwe ibizamini by’amaraso by’inyongera. Ibyo bipima enzyme nk’ALT na AST bisohora mu maraso yawe iyo imitsi y’umwijima yangiritse. Ibipimo byiyongereye bifasha kwemeza ko umwijima utukura.

Ibipimo bya bilirubine bizapimwa, cyane cyane niba ufite isuka. Ibipimo byinshi bya bilirubine bisobanura ko umubiri wawe utukura n’amaso, bigahamya ko umwijima wawe utabasha gutunganya ibyo bintu neza.

Rimwe na rimwe umuganga wawe ashobora gutegeka ibizamini kugira ngo akureho izindi ntandaro z’ibimenyetso byawe, nk’hepatite B cyangwa C, cyangwa izindi ndwara z’umwijima. Ibi bituma ubona ubuvuzi bukwiye ku mimerere yawe.

Ubuvuzi bwa Hepatite A ni ubuhe?

Nta buvuzi bw’imiti buhari kuri hepatite A kuko ubudahangarwa bwawe bushobora kuyikuraho. Ubuvuzi bugamije gucunga ibimenyetso no gufasha umubiri wawe mu gihe urwanya iyo virusi.

Umuganga wawe ashobora kugutegeka kuruhuka no kwirinda ibikorwa bishobora kunaniza umwijima wawe. Ibi bivuze kwirinda inzoga rwose no kwitondera imiti umwijima wawe utunganya, harimo acetaminophen.

Guca ibimenyetso biba ari cyo kintu gikuru cyo kuvura:

• Kuruhukira cyane kugira ngo ubudahangarwa bwawe bukore neza
• Kunywa amazi ahagije, cyane cyane niba ufite isesemi n’kuruka
• Kurya ibiryo bike, bikunze kuba byinshi kugira ngo ubone ubushake bwo kurya
• Kwirinda ibiryo byinshi by’amavuta bishobora kongera isesemi
• Kunywa imiti gusa nk’uko umuganga wawe yabyemeje

Abantu benshi barashobora gukira mu rugo bafashijwe. Ariko, indwara zikomeye zishobora gusaba kujya mu bitaro kugira ngo bahabwe amazi mu mitsi no gukurikiranwa hafi, cyane cyane niba udashobora kurya cyangwa kunywa.

Umuganga wawe azakurikirana uko ugendera hakoreshejwe gahunda yo gukurikirana no gusuzuma amaraso. Ibi bituma imikorere y’umwijima wawe irushaho kuba myiza kandi bifasha mu gufata ingamba ku ngaruka zishoboka hakiri kare.

Uko wakwitwara mu rugo ufite Hepatite A

Kwita ku buzima mu rugo bigira uruhare rukomeye mu gukira hepatite A. Kurema ibidukikije bifasha mu gukira bifasha umubiri wawe kurwanya iyo virusi neza mu gihe ugenzura ibimenyetso bibi.

Kuruhukira ni cyo kintu gikomeye mu gukira. Teganya gufata ikiruhuko mu kazi cyangwa mu ishuri, kandi ntukigere wihatira gukora ibikorwa byawe bisanzwe. Umubiri wawe ukeneye imbaraga zo kurwanya iyo virusi.

Funga amaso ku mirire n’amazi ukoresheje uburyo bukurikira:

• Kurya ibiryo bike, bikunze kuba byinshi aho kurya bitatu binini
• Hitamo ibiryo biryoshye kandi byoroshye gusya nk’ibisuguti, umugati, n’umuceri
• Nyunwa amazi menshi meza, harimo amazi, icyayi cy’ibimera, n’isosi isobanutse
• Kwima inzoga rwose kugeza umuganga wawe yemeje ko ukiyikize
• Kwima ibiryo byinshi by’amavuta, ibiryo byinshi by’amavuta, cyangwa ibiryo birumura bishobora kongera isesemi

Guca isesemi bishobora kuba bigoye, ariko icyayi cya ginge cyangwa ibintu bya ginge bishobora gufasha. Kurya ibisuguti byumye mu gitondo cyane bishobora kandi gutuza umwijima wawe mbere yo kugerageza ibindi biribwa.

Komeza ukure ibimenyetso byawe kandi ubwira umuganga wawe ibyo byose byiyongereye. Kwitondera cyane gucika intekerezo, kubabara mu nda bikomeye, cyangwa kudashaka kunywa amazi igihe kirekire kurusha amasaha 24.

Uko wakwitegura kujya kwa muganga

Kwitunganya kujya kwa muganga bifasha mu kubona ubuvuzi bukwiye. Gukusanya amakuru hakiri kare bituma urugendo rwawe rwo kwa muganga ruba rwiza.

Mbere yo kujya kwa muganga, andika ibimenyetso byawe n’igihe byatangiye. Garagaza uburyo bikomeye n’imiterere yabyo, nko kumenya niba ibimenyetso bikomeye mu bihe bimwe by’umunsi.

Tegura kuvugana n’ibikorwa byawe bya vuba n’ibyago ushobora kuba wahuye na byo:

• Ingendo za vuba, cyane cyane mu bice bitameze neza mu isuku
• Ibiryo wariye, cyane cyane amafi cyangwa ibiryo byo muri resitora
• Imibanire ya hafi n’umuntu ushobora kuba yarwaye
• Amateka yawe yo gukingirwa, harimo inkingo ya hepatite A
• Imirire cyangwa imiti unywa ubu
• Uko unywa inzoga

Zana urutonde rw’imiti yose, harimo imiti yo mu maduka n’imiti y’inyongera. Umuganga wawe akeneye kumenya ibyo unywa byose kugira ngo birinde ingaruka kandi yemeze ko ntakintu gishobora kongera gutukura kw’umwijima.

Teganya kuzana umuntu wo mu muryango cyangwa inshuti ishobora kugufasha kwibuka amakuru no kugufasha. Bashobora kandi kugufasha kwibuka amabwiriza y’umuganga niba utumva neza.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya kuri Hepatite A

Hepatite A ni indwara iterwa na virusi ishobora kuvurwa, nubwo idashimishije, ikenshi ikira neza idasize ingaruka z’igihe kirekire. Ikintu gishimishije ni uko iyo ukiyikize, uzagira ubudahangarwa bw’igihe kirekire kuri iyo virusi.

Kwivuza neza binyuze mu nkingo bikomeza kuba uburinzi bwawe bwiza, cyane cyane niba ufite ibyago cyangwa uteganya kujya mu ngendo mpuzamahanga. Urukingo rukora cyane kandi rutanga uburinzi bw’igihe kirekire ku bantu benshi.

Niba ufite hepatite A, ibuka ko kwita ku buzima no kwihangana ari byo bintu bikomeye mu gukira. Abantu benshi bumva bameze neza mu byumweru bike, nubwo gukira burundu bishobora gufata amezi make.

Komeza kuvugana n’umuganga wawe mu gihe cy’uburwayi bwawe. Bashobora gukurikirana uko ugendera, gucunga ingaruka zose, no kugufasha gusubira mu buzima busanzwe neza. Ufashijwe neza kandi uruhutse, ushobora kwitega gukira neza.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa kuri Hepatite A

Urashobora kwandura hepatite A incuro nyinshi?

Oya, ntushobora kwandura hepatite A incuro nyinshi. Iyo ukiyikize, ubudahangarwa bwawe bugira uburinzi bw’igihe kirekire kuri virusi ya hepatite A. Ibi bivuze ko ntuzongera guhangayika no kwandura hepatite A, nubwo wahuye nayo mu gihe kizaza.

Umuntu umara igihe kingana iki ari umwandu wa hepatite A?

Uba uri umwandu cyane ibyumweru bibiri mbere y’uko ibimenyetso bigaragara kandi mu cyumweru cya mbere cy’uburwayi. Nyuma y’icyumweru cya mbere cy’ibimenyetso, ubundi bwandu bugabanuka cyane. Abantu benshi ntibabura kuba abanduye nyuma y’icyumweru kimwe barwaye, nubwo abana bashobora gukomeza kuba abanduye igihe kirekire.

Urukingo rwa hepatite A ni rwiza mu gihe cyo gutwita?

Urukingo rwa hepatite A rusanzwe rufatwa nk’rwiza mu gihe cyo gutwita, cyane cyane niba uri mu kaga. Ariko, ugomba kuvugana n’umuganga wawe ku nyungu n’ibyago. Niba uteganya gutwita, byiza gukingirwa mbere niba bishoboka.

Hepatite A ishobora gutera indwara y’umwijima iramara igihe kirekire?

Oya, hepatite A ntabwo iba indwara iramara igihe kirekire. Bitandukanye na hepatite B na C, hepatite A ihora ari indwara ikomeye umubiri wawe ukuraho. Nubwo gukira bishobora gufata amezi menshi, iyo virusi ntiguma mu mubiri wawe cyangwa itera iyangirika ry’umwijima rihoraho.

Nkeneye kwihisha niba mfite hepatite A?

Wagombye kwirinda imibanire ya hafi n’abandi, cyane cyane mu cyumweru cya mbere cy’uburwayi iyo uba uri umwandu cyane. Rema mu rugo uva mu kazi cyangwa mu ishuri, wirinda gutegura ibiryo ku bandi, kandi ukore isuku nziza y’intoki. Umuganga wawe azakubwira igihe ari cyo cyiza cyo gusubira mu buzima busanzwe, akenshi nyuma y’icyumweru kimwe cy’ibimenyetso.