Hepatite B ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n'Ubuvuzi

Hepatite B ni indwara iterwa na virusi igaba ku mwijima, ikaba itera ububabare bushobora kuba buke cyangwa bukabije. Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara irakwirakwira ku bantu benshi ku isi hose, kandi nubwo yumvikana nk'iteye ubwoba, abantu benshi barakira neza bafashijwe n'ubuvuzi n'ubukurikirane bukwiye.

Virusi itera hepatite B ikwirakwira binyuze mu guhura n'amaraso n'ibindi bintu by'umubiri byanduye. Bamwe mu bantu barakira iyi ndwara mu mezi make, abandi bakaba bafite iyi ndwara igihe kirekire ikenera ubuvuzi buhoraho.

Hepatite B ni iki?

Hepatite B iterwa na virusi ya hepatite B (HBV), igaba ku mitsi y'umwijima. Iyo virusi yinjiye mu mwijima wawe, itera ubudahangarwa bwawe kurwanya, bigatera ububabare muri icyo gihe.

Ubwo bubabare ni uburyo umubiri wawe ugerageza kwirinda. Ariko, niba ububabare bukomeje igihe kirekire, bushobora kwangiza imisemburo y'umwijima ikozwe neza uko bwije n'uko bukeye.

Iyi ndwara ifite imimerere ibiri nyamukuru. Hepatite B ikabije ni indwara y'igihe gito isanzwe imara igihe kitageze ku mezi atandatu. Hepatite B ikaze ni indwara y'igihe kirekire imara amezi atandatu cyangwa arenga.

Ibimenyetso bya Hepatite B ni ibihe?

Abantu benshi barwaye hepatite B nta bimenyetso bagira, cyane cyane mu ntangiriro. Iyo ibimenyetso bigaragaye, bikunze kuza buhoro buhoro mu byumweru bike.

Dore ibimenyetso bisanzwe ushobora kubona:

• Uburwayi n'intege nke bidakira nubwo waruhuka
• Kubura ubushake bwo kurya no kugira isereri
• Kubabara mu nda, cyane cyane mu gice cyo hejuru iburyo aho umwijima wawe uba
• Ibara ry'uruhu n'amaso (jaundice)
• Inkari z'umukara
• Inkari zera cyangwa zidafite ibara
• Kubabara mu ngingo no mu mitsi
• Umuhumeko muke

Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kumera nk'iby'igicurane, niyo mpamvu hepatite B rimwe na rimwe idashobora kuvurwa mu ntangiriro. Inkuru nziza ni uko kugira ibimenyetso bidahwitura ko ufite indwara ikomeye.

Bamwe mu bantu bagira ibimenyetso bike cyane bizana kandi bigenda, abandi bakaba bumva barwaye cyane ibyumweru bike. Uburyo umubiri wawe ubisubizaho biterwa n'ibintu byinshi, birimo ubuzima bwawe rusange n'ubudahangarwa bwawe.

Ubwoko bwa Hepatite B ni ubuhe?

Hepatite B igabanywamo ibice bibiri by'ingenzi hashingiwe ku gihe indwara imaze. Gusobanukirwa ubwoko ufite bifasha muganga wawe gutegura uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura.

Hepatite B ikabije ni indwara ya mbere igaragara mu mezi atandatu ya mbere nyuma yo kwandura. Abantu bakuze bakuze bafite ubuzima bwiza bafite hepatite B ikabije barakira neza kandi bagira ubudahangarwa bw'ubuzima bwose kuri iyi virusi.

Hepatite B ikaze itera iyo ubudahangarwa bwawe budashobora gukuraho virusi mu mezi atandatu. Iyi ndwara y'igihe kirekire isaba gukurikiranwa buri gihe kandi ishobora gukenera ubuvuzi kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika kw'umwijima.

Amahirwe yo kurwara hepatite B ikaze ahanini aterwa n'imyaka yawe igihe wanduye bwa mbere. Abana bato bafite amahirwe agera kuri 90% yo kurwara iyi ndwara ikaze, mu gihe abantu bakuze benshi bakuraho virusi mu buryo bw'umwimerere.

Intandaro ya Hepatite B ni iyihe?

Hepatite B ikwirakwira binyuze mu guhura n'amaraso yanduye, imisemburo, cyangwa ibindi bintu by'umubiri byanduye. Virusi ikomeye kandi ishobora kubaho hanze y'umubiri mu gihe cy'ibyumweru byibuze.

Reka turebe uburyo busanzwe abantu bandura:

• Imibonano mpuzabitsina n'umuntu wanduye
• Gusangira amasuka, ibyuma byo guterera imiti cyangwa ibindi bikoresho byo gukoresha imiti
• Kuva ku mubyeyi ku mwana mu gihe cy'ivuka
• Gusangira ibintu bya buri munsi nka razor cyangwa uburoso bw'amenyo n'umuntu wanduye
• Guhura n'amasuka mu bitaro
• Gukora tattoo cyangwa piercing n'ibikoresho bidafite ubuziranenge

Ni ngombwa kumenya ko hepatite B idakwirakwira binyuze mu guhura bisanzwe. Ntushobora kuyandura binyuze mu guhoberana, gusomana, gusangira ibiryo, inkorora, cyangwa guhumeka.

Virusi kandi ntikwirakwira binyuze mu kunywa amashereka, nubwo ababyeyi banduye bagomba kwitwararika kugira ngo barinde abana babo. Gusobanukirwa uko ikwirakwira bifasha kugabanya impungenge zitari ngombwa ku bijyanye n'imibanire ya buri munsi.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera Hepatite B?

Wagomba kuvugana na muganga wawe niba ufite ibimenyetso bishobora kugaragaza hepatite B, cyane cyane niba uzi ko wahuriye na virusi. Kugirwa ubuvuzi hakiri kare no gukurikirana bishobora gutanga umusaruro ukomeye.

Shaka ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa niba ufite ibimenyetso bikomeye nko kubabara cyane mu nda, kuruka buri gihe, cyangwa ibimenyetso byo gucika amazi. Ibara ry'uruhu cyangwa amaso na byo bisaba ko uba ubuvuzi vuba.

Ntugatege amatwi niba utekereza ko wahuriye na hepatite B mu buryo bumwe bwavuzwe haruguru. Muganga wawe ashobora gukora ibizamini kandi akavuga ku buvuzi bwo kwirinda bukora neza iyo bwatangiye vuba nyuma yo kwandura.

Gusuzuma buri gihe biba ngombwa cyane niba ubonye hepatite B ikaze. Muganga wawe azakurikirana imikorere y'umwijima wawe kandi akareba ibimenyetso byose by'ingaruka mu gihe.

Ibyago byo kurwara Hepatite B ni ibihe?

Uburyo bumwe n'imyitwarire bishobora kongera amahirwe yo kurwara hepatite B. Kumenya ibi byago bifasha gufata ibyemezo byiza ku bijyanye no kwirinda no gupima.

Dore ibyago nyamukuru byo kuzirikana:

• Kugira abashakanye benshi cyangwa imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye
• Koresha imiti iterwa mu mubiri cyangwa gusangira ibikoresho byo guterera imiti
• Kubaho n'umuntu ufite hepatite B ikaze
• Gukora mu bitaro cyangwa mu mutekano rusange
• Kujya mu bice hepatite B ikunze kugaragara
• Kuba uri kuri dialyse
• Kugira virusi itera SIDA cyangwa izindi ndwara zigabanya ubudahangarwa bwawe
• Kuvuka ku mubyeyi ufite hepatite B

Ibintu by'aho uba na byo bigira uruhare, kuko hepatite B ikunze kugaragara mu duce tumwe na tumwe tw'isi, harimo ibice bya Aziya, Afurika, n'ibirwa byo muri Pasifika. Niba ukomoka muri ayo duce cyangwa uhagendera kenshi, ibyago byawe bishobora kuba byinshi.

Kugira ibyago ntibisobanura ko uzandura hepatite B. Abantu benshi bafite ibyago ntibandura, cyane cyane niba bafata ingamba zikwiye nko gukingirwa.

Ingaruka zishoboka za Hepatite B ni izihe?

Abantu benshi barwaye hepatite B ikabije barakira neza nta kibazo cy'igihe kirekire. Ariko, hepatite B ikaze rimwe na rimwe ishobora gutera ingaruka zikomeye ku mwijima nyuma y'imyaka myinshi.

Ingaruka nyamukuru zo kumenya harimo:

• Kwibasira kw'umwijima (cirrhosis), bishobora kugabanya imikorere y'umwijima
• Kunanirizwa kw'umwijima, nubwo ari bike
• Cancer y'umwijima, itera ku kigero gito cy'abantu barwaye iyi ndwara ikaze
• Ibibazo by'impyiko mu bihe bimwe na bimwe
• Kubabara kw'imitsi y'amaraso

Izi ngaruka zikunze kuza buhoro buhoro mu myaka mirongo, atari mu mezi cyangwa imyaka. Gukurikirana buri gihe bituma muganga wawe abona ibibazo hakiri kare igihe bishobora kuvurwa.

Ibyago by'ingaruka bitandukanye cyane ukurikije umuntu ku wundi. Abantu benshi barwaye hepatite B ikaze babaho ubuzima busanzwe, bwiza nta kibazo gikomeye cy'umwijima.

Hepatite B ishobora kwirindwa gute?

Urukingo rwa hepatite B ni rwo kurinda cyane iyi ndwara. Uru rukingo rukora neza kandi rutera ubudahangarwa bw'igihe kirekire ku bantu benshi barangije urukingo rwose.

Urukingo rusanzwe rutangwa mu byiciro bitatu mu mezi atandatu. Rugenewe abana bato, abana, n'abantu bakuze batarakingirwa.

Uretse gukingirwa, ushobora kugabanya ibyago binyuze mu myitwarire myiza. Koresha agakingirizo mu gihe cy'imibonano mpuzabitsina, ntukagire ibintu bya buri munsi nka razor, kandi menya ko tattoo cyangwa piercing byose bikorwa n'ibikoresho bifite ubuziranenge.

Niba wahuriye na hepatite B, kwirinda nyuma yo kwandura bihari. Ibi bisobanura kubona urukingo rimwe na rimwe inshinge ya hepatite B immune globulin mu masaha 24 nyuma yo kwandura.

Hepatite B ipima gute?

Gupima hepatite B bikubiyemo ibizamini by'amaraso bishaka virusi n'uburyo umubiri wawe uyisubizaho. Ibi bizamini bishobora kugaragaza niba ufite indwara ikora, niba warakize indwara yabanje, cyangwa niba ufite ubudahangarwa kubera urukingo.

Muganga wawe azakora ibizamini byinshi. Ikizamini cya hepatite B surface antigen kigaragaza niba ufite virusi ubu. Ikizamini cya hepatite B surface antibody kigaragaza niba ufite ubudahangarwa kubera urukingo cyangwa indwara yabanje.

Ibizamini byongeyeho bifasha kumenya niba indwara ari ikabije cyangwa ikaze. Muganga wawe ashobora kandi gusuzuma imikorere y'umwijima wawe n'ibindi bizamini by'amaraso kugira ngo arebe uko umwijima wawe ukora.

Niba ufite hepatite B ikaze, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gukurikiranwa buri mezi make kugira ngo akurikirane urwego rwa virusi n'imikorere y'umwijima mu gihe.

Ubuvuzi bwa Hepatite B ni ubuhe?

Ubuvuzi bwa hepatite B biterwa niba ufite indwara ikabije cyangwa ikaze. Hepatite B ikabije isanzwe idasaba ubuvuzi bwihariye bwa virusi kuko abantu bakuze benshi barakira mu buryo bw'umwimerere.

Ku bijyanye n'indwara ikabije, ubuvuzi bugamije kwita ku ndwara. Ibi bisobanura kuruhuka bihagije, kunywa amazi ahagije, kurya ibiryo birimo intungamubiri igihe ushoboye, no kwirinda inzoga kugira ngo umwijima wawe ugire amahirwe yo gukira.

Hepatite B ikaze ishobora gukenera imiti irwanya virusi niba indwara ikora kandi itera ububabare bw'umwijima. Iyi miti ishobora kugabanya virusi no kugabanya ibyago byo kwangirika kw'umwijima mu gihe.

Muganga wawe azatanga ibintu byinshi mu gihe afata icyemezo cy'ubuvuzi, birimo urwego rwa virusi, ibizamini by'imikorere y'umwijima, n'ubuzima rusange. Si buri wese ufite hepatite B ikaze ukeneye ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa.

Gukurikirana buri gihe ni ingenzi ku bijyanye n'indwara ikaze, nubwo utafashe imiti. Ibi bifasha muganga wawe gukurikirana impinduka zose no gutangira ubuvuzi niba bikenewe.

Uko wakwitwara murugo ufite Hepatite B

Kwita ku buzima bwawe murugo bigira uruhare mu gukira kwawe no mu buzima bwiza bw'igihe kirekire. Umuwijima wawe ukeneye ubufasha kugira ngo ukire kandi ukore neza muri iki gihe.

Kuruhukira ni ingenzi, cyane cyane niba unaniwe. Tega amatwi umubiri wawe kandi ntukirengereze. Ibikorwa byoroshye nko kugenda mu buryo buke bishobora kugufasha igihe ubona ubushobozi.

Fata ibiryo birimo intungamubiri byoroshye ku gifu cyawe. Ibiryo bike, bikunze kuba byiza kuruta ibinini. Nywa amazi ahagije umunsi wose.

Kwima inzoga rwose, kuko bishobora kongera ububabare bw'umwijima no kubangamira gukira. Jya witonde n'imiti yo mu maduka, cyane cyane acetaminophen, ishobora gukaza umwijima wawe mu bihe byinshi.

Kingira abandi batabasangira ibintu bya buri munsi nka razor cyangwa uburoso bw'amenyo. Kora imibonano mpuzabitsina myiza kandi uze ubigaragarize abashakanye bawe kugira ngo basuzumwe kandi bakingirwe niba bitarakorwa.

Uko wakwitegura kujya kwa muganga

Kwitunganya mbere yo kujya kwa muganga bifasha kugira ngo ubone igihe gihagije cyo kuvugana na muganga. Tangira wandike ibimenyetso byawe byose, harimo igihe byatangiye n'uburemere bwabyo.

Andika urutonde rw'imiti yose, ibintu byongewemo, na vitamine ufata. Andika kandi ingendo za vuba aha, guhura na hepatite B, cyangwa ibyago ushobora kugira.

Tegura ibibazo ushaka kubabaza muganga wawe. Ushobora kwifuza kumenya ibijyanye n'uburyo bwo kuvura, icyo witeze mu gihe cyo gukira, uko wakwirinda abagize umuryango, cyangwa igihe uzakenera ibizamini byo gukurikirana.

Zana umuntu wo mu muryango cyangwa inshuti niba ushaka ubufasha mu gihe cy'isuzumwa. Bashobora kugufasha kwibuka amakuru y'ingenzi no kugufasha mu gihe ushobora kumva wumva uhangayitse.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya cyane kuri Hepatite B

Hepatite B ni indwara ishobora kuvurwa, cyane cyane hakiri kare kandi ubufasha bukwiye bwa muganga. Nubwo bishobora kugaragara nk'ibiteye ubwoba, abantu benshi barwaye hepatite B babaho ubuzima busanzwe, bwiza.

Intambwe y'ingenzi ni ugukorana na itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi kugira ngo ukore ubugenzuzi bw'ubuzima bwawe kandi ukore ibyo bagutegeka. Ufite hepatite B ikabije cyangwa ikaze, kumenya amakuru no kwita ku buzima bwawe bigira uruhare rukomeye.

Wibuke ko hepatite B ishobora kwirindwa binyuze mu gukingirwa, kandi ubuvuzi bukora neza buhari kubakenewe. Ufite ubuvuzi bukwiye n'impinduka mu mibereho, ushobora kurinda ubuzima bw'umwijima wawe no kubungabunga ubuzima bwawe.

Ibibazo bikunze kubaho kuri Hepatite B

Nshobora kubaho ubuzima busanzwe mfite hepatite B ikaze?

Yego, abantu benshi bafite hepatite B ikaze babaho ubuzima busanzwe. Ufite ubugenzuzi bwa muganga buhoraho n'imibereho myiza, abantu benshi ntibagira ingaruka zikomeye. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ugukomeza gufatanya n'itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi no kwita ku buzima bwawe rusange.

Urukingo rwa hepatite B rukora neza?

Urukingo rwa hepatite B rukora neza kandi rukora neza. Ingaruka mbi zikomeye ni nke cyane. Abantu benshi bagira ububabare buke aho bashotse. Uru rukingo rwakoreshejwe neza mu myaka myinshi kandi rurasuzurwa n'imiryango y'ubuzima ikomeye ku isi hose.

Hepatite B irakirwa?

Abantu benshi barwaye hepatite B ikabije barakira neza kandi bafatwa nk'abakize. Hepatite B ikaze ubu ntishobora gukira, ariko ishobora kuvurwa neza. Abashakashatsi barimo gukora ku buryo bwo gukira, kandi bamwe mu bantu bagera ku cyo abaganga bita "gukira mu buryo bukora" bafashijwe n'ubuvuzi.

Hepatite B imara igihe kingana gute?

Hepatite B ikabije isanzwe imara ibyumweru bike kugeza ku mezi make mbere y'uko umubiri wawe ukuraho virusi. Hepatite B ikaze ni indwara y'igihe kirekire isaba gukurikiranwa buri gihe, nubwo abantu benshi bumva bafite ubuzima bwiza kandi nta bimenyetso bagira mu myaka cyangwa imyaka mirongo.

Abagize umuryango wanjye bagomba gupimwa?

Yego, abagize umuryango wa hafi n'abashakanye bagomba gupimwa hepatite B kandi bakakingirwa niba batarakingiwe. Ibi birabarinda kwandura kandi biguha amahoro ku bijyanye n'ubuzima bw'abakunzi bawe.