Hepatite B

Hepatite B ni indwara ikomeye y'umwijima iterwa na virusi ya hepatite B (HBV). Ku bantu benshi, hepatite B iba igihe gito, bikaba bivugwa ko ari hepatite B ikaze. Hepatite B ikaze imara igihe kitageze ku mezi atandatu. Ariko ku bandi, iyi ndwara imara igihe kirenga amezi atandatu, ikaba yitwa hepatite B ikaze. Hepatite B ikaze yongera ibyago byo kunanirwa kw'umwijima, kanseri y'umwijima n'ububabare bukabije bw'umwijima bwitwa cirrhose.

Abantu bakuru benshi barwaye hepatite B barakira neza, nubwo ibimenyetso byabo byaba bibi. Abana bato n'abana bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura virusi ya hepatite B ikaze, imara igihe kirekire.

Udukoko tw'inkingo dushobora gukumira kwandura virusi ya hepatite B. Ku barwaye, uburyo bwo kuvura biterwa n'uko iyi ndwara ari ikaze cyangwa ikaze. Bamwe bakeneye imiti. Abandi bafite ibibazo bikomeye by'umwijima bitewe n'indwara ikaze bakeneye gusimbuzwa umwijima. Niba warwaye, kwitwararika neza bishobora kugufasha gukumira ikwirakwira ry'iyi virusi ku bandi.

Ibimenyetso bya hepatite B ikabije biri hagati y'ibyoroheje n'ibikomeye. Ibimenyetso ubusanzwe bitangira nyuma y'amezi 1 kugeza kuri 4 umaze kwandura HBV. Ariko ushobora kubibona hakiri kare mu byumweru bibiri umaze kwandura. Bamwe mu bantu bafite hepatite B ikabije cyangwa igihe kirekire bashobora kutagira ibimenyetso, cyane cyane abana bato. Ibimenyetso bya hepatite B bishobora kuba birimo: Kubabara mu gice cy'igifu, bita n'inda. Inkari z'ijisho ry'umukara. Umuhango. Kubabara mu ngingo. Kubura ubushake bwo kurya. Kugira ikibazo cy'igifu no kuruka. Intege nke n'umunaniro ukabije. Igicurane, ari cyo guhinduka kw'umweru w'amaso n'uruhu. Bitewe n'irangi ry'uruhu, iyi mpinduka ishobora kuba igoye cyangwa koroshye kubona. Niba uzi ko wahuye na virusi ya hepatite B, hamagara umuganga wawe ako kanya. Ubuvuzi bwo gukumira bushobora kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura niba ubuvuzi bubonetse mu masaha 24 umaze guhura na virusi. Niba utekereza ko ufite ibimenyetso bya hepatite B, hamagara umuganga wawe.

Niba uzi ko wahuriye n'agakoko ka hepatite B, hamagara umuganga wawe vuba. Ubuvuzi bwo gukumira bushobora kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura iyo ubuvuzi bubonetse mu masaha 24 nyuma yo kwandura agakoko. Niba utekereza ko ufite ibimenyetso bya hepatite B, hamagara umuganga wawe.

Hepatite B iterwa na virusi ya hepatite B (HBV). Virusi yanduza umuntu ikindi binyuze mu maraso, mu mahumwe cyangwa mu bindi bintu by'umubiri. Ntiyapfa gukwirakwira binyuze mu guhisha cyangwa mu guhumeka.

Uburyo busanzwe HBV ishobora gukwirakwiramo ni:

• Imibonano mpuzabitsina. Ushobora kwandura hepatite B niba uryamanye n'umuntu wanduye kandi mutirinze. Virusi ishobora kukugeraho niba amaraso y'uwo muntu, amacandwe, imisemburo cyangwa ibinyabutabire byo mu gitsina byinjira mu mubiri wawe.
• Gusangira ibyuma byo guterera. HBV ikwirakwira byoroshye binyuze mu byuma byo guterera n'uducupa dukoreshwa mu guterera twanduye amaraso. Gusangira ibikoresho bikoreshejwe mu guterera ibiyobyabwenge bitemewe bigushyira mu kaga gakomeye ko kwandura hepatite B.
• Gukomeretswa n'uducupa dukoreshwa mu guterera. Hepatite B ni ikibazo ku bakozi bo mu rwego rw'ubuzima n'undi wese uhura n'amaraso y'abantu.
• Umunyabyeyi utwite ku mwana wavutse. Ababyeyi batwite banduye HBV bashobora kwanduza abana babo mu gihe cyo kubyara. Ariko umwana wavutse ashobora gukingirwa kugira ngo adandure mu buryo bugaragara. Ganira n'umuganga wawe ku bijyanye no gupimwa hepatite B niba utwite cyangwa wifuza gutwita.

Dukurikije ubwandu bwa HBV, bushobora kuba bugufi, kandi bita acute. Cyangwa bushobora kumara igihe kirekire, kandi bita chronic.

• Ubwandu bwa HBV acute bumara igihe kitageze ku mezi atandatu. Sisitemu yawe y'ubudahangarwa ishobora gukura virusi ya hepatite B mu mubiri wawe. Ugakira neza mu mezi make. Abantu benshi bandura HBV nk'abakuze bagira ubwandu bwa acute. Ariko ibyo bishobora gutera ubwandu bwa chronic.
• Ubwandu bwa HBV chronic bumara amezi atandatu cyangwa arenga. Bukomeza kuko sisitemu y'ubudahangarwa idashobora kurwanya ubwandu. Ubwandu bwa virusi ya hepatite B chronic bushobora kumara ubuzima bwose. Bushobora gutera indwara zikomeye nka cirrhose na kanseri y'umwijima. Bamwe mu bantu bafite hepatite B chronic bashobora kutagira ibimenyetso na gato. Bamwe bashobora kugira umunaniro ukomeye n'ibimenyetso byoroheje bya hepatite acute.

Uko uri muto iyo wanduye hepatite B, ni ko uba ufite ibyago byinshi byo kuba iyo ndwara yaba chronic. Ibyo ni byo cyane cyane ku bana bavutse cyangwa abana bari munsi y'imyaka 5. Hepatite B chronic ishobora kutaboneka mu myaka myinshi kugeza igihe umuntu arwaye cyane indwara y'umwijima.

Virus ya Hepatite B ikwirakwira binyuze mu mubiri, imisemburo cyangwa izindi mfubyi z'umubiri zivuye ku muntu wanduye. Ibyago byo kwandura HBV byiyongera niba:

• Ukoze imibonano mpuzabitsina udakoresheje agakingirizo n'abantu benshi cyangwa n'umuntu wanduye HBV.
• Wifatanya amasugi mu gihe ukoresha ibiyobyabwenge byinjizwa mu mutsi.
• Wavutse ari umugabo kandi ukora imibonano mpuzabitsina n'abagabo.
• Ubana n'umuntu ufite HBV igihe kirekire.
• Uri umwana wavutse ku mubyeyi wanduye.
• Ufite akazi kagushyira mu kaga ko kwandura amaraso y'abantu.
• Ufite Hepatite C cyangwa HIV.
• Ufata imiti ivura indwara z'impyiko.
• Uri cyangwa wari muri gereza.
• Ukeneye gufata imiti ishobora kugabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, nka chimiothérapie.
• Ugiye mu turere dufite ubwandu bwinshi bwa HBV, nka Aziya, ibirwa bya Pasifika, Afurika n'Uburayi bw'iburasirazuba.

Kugira ubwandu bwa HBV buhoraho bishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye by'ubuzima bitwa ingaruka. Ibi birimo: Akaganga k'umwijima, kandi bita cirrhose. Kubyimba bitwa umuriro bifitanye isano na hepatite B. Umuriro ushobora gutera cirrhose ishobora kubuza umwijima gukora nkuko bikwiye. Kanseri y'umwijima. Abantu bafite hepatite B ihoraho bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara kanseri y'umwijima. Kunanirwa kw'umwijima. Kunanirwa kw'umwijima kwa huti huti ni uburwayi aho imirimo y'ingenzi y'umwijima ihagarara. Iyo bibaye, kubaga umwijima ni ngombwa kugira ngo ukomeze kubaho. Izamuka ry'umuvuduko w'ubwandu bwa virusi ya hepatite B. Mu bamwe mu bantu bafite hepatite B ihoraho, urwego rwa virusi rugira hasi cyangwa rutaraboneka mu bipimo. Niba virusi itangiye kwiyongera vuba, ibizamini bishobora kubona iri zamuka cyangwa kubona virusi. Ibi bita kongera gukora kwa virusi. Bishobora gutera ibibazo by'umwijima cyangwa kunanirwa kw'umwijima. Kongera gukora kwa virusi bigira ingaruka ku bantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buke, kandi bita ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buhagaritswe. Ibi birimo abantu bafata imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, nka corticosteroids nyinshi cyangwa chemotherapy. Mbere yo gufata iyi miti, ugomba gupimwa hepatite B. Niba ibizamini bigaragaza ko ufite hepatite B, reba umuganga w'umwijima witwa hepatologist mbere yo gutangira iyi miti. Ibindi bibazo. Abantu bafite hepatite B ihoraho bashobora kurwara indwara z'impyiko cyangwa kubyimba kw'imijyana y'amaraso.

Urushyo rwa Hepatite B ni bwo buryo nyamukuru bwo kwirinda kwandura HBV. Urushyo rutangwa mu byiciro bibiri, kimwe nyuma y'ukwezi, cyangwa mu byiciro bitatu cyangwa bine mu mezi atandatu. Umubare w'ibyiciro uhabwa biterwa n'ubwoko bw'urushyo rwa Hepatite B uhawe. Ntushobora kurwara Hepatite B ukomoka kuri urwo rushyo. Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Komite ishinzwe gukingira indwara (Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices) iragira inama ko abana bato bagomba guhabwa urushyo rwa mbere nyuma yo kuvuka. Niba utarakingiwe nk'umwana, komite iracyagira inama ko abantu bose kugeza ku myaka 59 bagomba gukingirwa. Niba ufite imyaka 60 cyangwa irenga kandi utarakingiwe, kingirwa niba uri mu kaga ko kwandura virusi ya Hepatite B. Abantu bafite imyaka 60 n'irenga batarakingiwe kandi badahangayikishijwe n'ikibazo cy'ubuzima, nabo bashobora guhitamo gukingirwa. Urushyo rwa Hepatite B rurakenewe cyane kuri:

• Abana bavutse.
• Abana n'abangavu batarakingiwe bavutse.
• Abakora cyangwa baba mu bigo by'abantu bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe.
• Abantu babana n'umuntu urwaye Hepatite B.
• Abakozi bo mu bitaro, abakozi bo mu biro by'ubutabazi n'abandi bantu bahura n'amaraso.
• Umuntu wese ufite indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina, harimo na VIH.
• Abagabo bakora imibonano mpuzabitsina n'abagabo.
• Abantu bakora imibonano mpuzabitsina n'abantu benshi.
• Abakunzi b'umuntu urwaye Hepatite B.
• Abantu binjiza ibiyobyabwenge mu buryo butemewe cyangwa basangira ibyuma byo guterera ibiyobyabwenge.
• Abantu barwaye indwara z'umwijima zidakira.
• Abantu barwaye indwara z'impyiko zikomeye.
• Abagenzi bateganya kujya mu gace k'isi gifite umubare munini w'abandura HBV. Ubundi buryo bwo kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura virusi ya Hepatite B harimo:
• Menya uko ubuzima bw'umukunzi wawe buhagaze ku bijyanye na HBV. Ntukore imibonano mpuzabitsina udakoresheje agakingirizo keretse uramutse uzi neza ko umukunzi wawe adafite Hepatite B cyangwa izindi ndwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina.
• Koresha agakingirizo gashya ka latex cyangwa polyurethane igihe cyose ukora imibonano mpuzabitsina niba utazi uko ubuzima bw'umukunzi wawe buhagaze. Agakingirizo kagabanya ibyago byo kwandura HBV, ariko ntikakurinda burundu.
• Ntukoreshe ibiyobyabwenge byo mu muhanda. Niba ukoresha ibiyobyabwenge, shaka ubufasha kugira ngo ubike. Niba utabasha kubireka, koresha igikoresho gishya cyo guterera ibiyobyabwenge buri gihe uterera. Ntugasangire ibyuma byo guterera ibiyobyabwenge.
• Witondere ibyo gutobora umubiri no gukora tattoo. Niba ushaka gutobora umubiri cyangwa gukora tattoo, shaka aho bakora neza. Baza uko ibikoresho byabo bisukura. Kora uburyo abakozi bakoresha ibikoresho bishya. Niba utabona ibisubizo, shaka ahandi.
• Baza ku bijyanye n'urushyo rwa Hepatite B mbere yo kugenda. Niba uri mu rugendo mu karere Hepatite B ikunze kuboneka, baza umuganga wawe ku bijyanye n'urushyo rwa Hepatite B mbere y'igihe. Ubusanzwe rutangwa mu byiciro bitatu mu gihe cy'amezi atandatu.

Ubuvuzi burimo intambwe umuganga wawe akora kugira ngo amenye niba ufite Hepatite B. Umuganga wawe akora isuzuma ngaruka mbere akareba ibimenyetso byo kwangirika kwijwi. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kuba harimo umutuku ku ruhu no kubabara mu nda. Ibizamini bishobora gufasha kuvura Hepatite B cyangwa ingaruka zayo ni: Ibizamini by'amaraso. Ibizamini by'amaraso bishobora kugaragaza virusi ya Hepatite B mubiri wawe. Bishobora kandi kubwira umuganga wawe niba ubwandu ari ubwa vuba cyangwa rurangiza. Ikizamini cyoroshye cy'amaraso gishobora kandi kumenya niba ufite ubudahangarwa kuri iyi ndwara. Ultrasound y'ijwi. Ultrasound yihariye yitwa transient elastography ishobora kwerekana ingano y'akwangirika kwijwi. Biopsy y'ijwi. Umuganga wawe ashobora gukuraho igice gito cy'ijwi ryawe kugirango akore isuzuma kugirango arebe akwangirika kwijwi. Ibi bita biopsy y'ijwi. Muri iki kizamini, umuganga wawe ashyira umugozi mwinshi unanutse mu ruhu rwawe no mu jwi ryawe. Uyu mugozi ukuraho igice cy'umubiri kugirango laboratwari ikore isuzuma. Gusuzuma abantu bazima kuri Hepatite B Abaganga rimwe na rimwe bapima abantu bazima kuri Hepatite B. Ibi bita gusuzuma. Gusuzuma bikorwa kuko HBV ishobora kwangiza umwijima mbere yuko ubwandu butera ibimenyetso. Ganira numuganga wawe kubyerekeye gusuzuma Hepatite B niba: Uri umugore utwite. Ubana numuntu ufite Hepatite B. Warakoze imibonano mpuzabitsina myinshi. Warakoze imibonano mpuzabitsina numuntu ufite Hepatite B. Wavutse ari umuhungu kandi ukora imibonano mpuzabitsina n'abagabo. Ufite amateka y'indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina. Ufite HIV cyangwa Hepatite C. Ufite ikizamini cy'enzyme y'umwijima gifite ibisubizo bidasobanutse. Ufata imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, nka zimwe mukoreshwa mu gukumira kwanga nyuma yo kubagwa. Ukoresha ibiyobyabwenge byinjizwa mu mubiri. Uri muri gereza. Wavukiye mu gihugu Hepatite B ikunze kuboneka, harimo Aziya, ibirwa bya Pasifika, Afurika na Uburayi bw'iburasirazuba. Ufite ababyeyi cyangwa abana wabyaranye n'abantu bakomoka ahantu Hepatite B ikunze kuboneka, harimo Aziya, ibirwa bya Pasifika, Afurika na Uburayi bw'iburasirazuba. Amakuru yongeyeho Biopsy y'ijwi Ibizamini by'imikorere y'ijwi

Ubuvuzi bwo gukumira ubwandu bwa HBV nyuma yo kwandura Niba uzi ko wanduye virusi ya hepatite B, hamagara umuganga ako kanya. Ni ingenzi kumenya niba warakingiwe hepatite B. Umuganga azakubaza igihe wanduriye n'uburyo wanduriye. Imiti yitwa immunoglobulin ishobora kugufasha kwirinda kurwara hepatite B. Ugomba guhabwa urushinge rw'iyi miti mu masaha 24 nyuma yo kwandura virusi ya hepatite B. Ubu buvuzi butanga gusa uburinzi bugufi. Nuko rero ugomba kandi guhabwa urukingo rwa hepatite B icyarimwe niba utari wararuhawe. Ubuvuzi bw'ubwandu bwa HBV bukabije Ushobora kutakeneye ubuvuzi bw'ubwandu bukabije bwa virusi ya hepatite B. Ubwandu bugufi kandi akenshi bugenda ubwarwo. Umuganga ashobora kugutegurira: Kuruhuka. Ibiribwa bikwiye. Amazi ahagije. Gukurikiranwa hafi mu gihe umubiri wawe urwanya ubwandu. Niba ibimenyetso byawe bikomeye, ushobora kuba ukeneye imiti yo kurwanya virusi cyangwa kujya mu bitaro kugira ngo wirinde ingaruka mbi. Ubuvuzi bw'ubwandu bwa HBV burambye Abantu benshi barwaye ubwandu burambye bwa virusi ya hepatite B bakeneye ubuvuzi ubuzima bwabo bwose. Icyemezo cyo gutangira ubuvuzi gishingiye ku bintu byinshi, birimo: Niba virusi itera kubyimba cyangwa kwangirika kwiganzu, bizwi nka cirrhosis. Niba ufite izindi ndwara, nka hepatite C cyangwa HIV. Niba ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe buhagaze kubera imiti cyangwa indwara. Ubuvuzi bufasha kugabanya ibyago by'indwara z'umwijima kandi bikurinda kwanduza abandi. Ubuvuzi bw'hepatite B irambe burimo: Imiti yo kurwanya virusi. Imiti myinshi yo kurwanya virusi ifasha kurwanya virusi no kugabanya ubushobozi bwayo bwo kwangiza umwijima wawe. Iyi miti irimo entecavir (Baraclude), tenofovir (Viread), lamivudine (Epivir) na adefovir (Hepsera). Uyinywa mu kanwa, akenshi igihe kirekire. Umuganga wawe ashobora kugutegurira guhuza imiti ibiri muri iyi miti. Cyangwa umuganga ashobora kugutegurira gufata imwe muri iyi miti hamwe na interferon kugira ngo wongere uburyo bwo kuvura. Injuru za interferon. Interferon ni imiti ikorwa mu ruganda, ikorwa n'umubiri kugira ngo urwanye ubwandu. Ubu bwoko bw'imiti burimo peginterferon alfa-2a (Pegasys). Icyiza cy'injuru za interferon ni uko zifatwa igihe gito cyane kuruta imiti yo kurwanya virusi ifatwa mu kanwa. Ariko interferon ifite ingaruka mbi nyinshi, nko kubabara mu nda, kuruka, kugira ikibazo cyo guhumeka no kwiheba. Interferon ikoreshwa ahanini ku rubyiruko rufite hepatite B rudashaka kuvurwa igihe kirekire. Ikoreshwa kandi ku bagore bashobora kwifuza gutwita mu myaka mike. Abagore bagomba gukoresha uburyo bwo kuboneza urubyaro mu gihe cyo kuvurwa na interferon. Ntufata interferon mu gihe utwite. Interferon kandi ntikwiriye abantu bafite cirrhosis cyangwa gucika intege kw'umwijima. Kubaga umwijima. Niba umwijima wawe wangiritse cyane, kubaga umwijima bishobora kuba igisubizo. Mu gihe cyo kubaga umwijima, umuganga akuraho umwijima wawe wangiritse awusimbuza umwijima muzima. Abenshi mu mijima yasimbuwe ituruka ku bapfuye. Umubare muto uturuka ku bantu bazima batanze igice cy'umwijima wabo. Izindi miti yo kuvura hepatite B irimo gutegurwa. Amakuru y'inyongera Kubaga umwijima Gusaba gupima Hari ikibazo kuri amakuru yagaragajwe hepfo kandi usubiremo ifishi. Bona amakuru mashya y'ubuzima ava muri Mayo Clinic yoherezwa kuri email yawe. Kwiyandikisha ubuntu kandi ubone ubuyobozi bwimbitse kuri igihe. Kanda hano kugira ngo ubone icyitegererezo cya email. Imeri ya email Ikosa Agasanduku k'imeli ni ngombwa Ikosa Shyiramo aderesi yemewe ya email Aderesi 1 Kwiyandikisha Menya byinshi ku ikoreshwa ry'amakuru rya Mayo Clinic. Kugira ngo tugutange amakuru akubereyeho kandi akubereyeho, kandi dusobanukirwe amakuru afitiye akamaro, dushobora guhuza amakuru yawe ya email n'amakuru y'imikorere yawe kuri website hamwe n'andi makuru dufite kuri wewe. Niba uri umurwayi wa Mayo Clinic, ibi bishobora kuba birimo amakuru y'ubuzima abitswe. Niba duhuza aya makuru n'amakuru yawe y'ubuzima abitswe, tuzabyita byose nk'amakuru y'ubuzima abitswe kandi tuzakoresha cyangwa tugaha ayo makuru nkuko byavuzwe mu itangazo ryacu ry'ubuzima bwite. Ushobora guhagarika imenyekanisha rya email igihe icyo ari cyo cyose ukande kuri link yo guhagarika imenyekanisha muri email. Turagushimira kwandikisha Ubuyobozi bwimbitse bw'ubuzima bw'igogorwa buzaba muri email yawe vuba. Uzabona kandi imeri zituruka muri Mayo Clinic ku makuru mashya y'ubuzima, ubushakashatsi, n'ubuvuzi. Niba utahabwa email yacu mu minota 5, reba agasanduku kawe ka SPAM, hanyuma utuvugishe kuri [email protected]. Turababajwe ko hari ikintu cyagenze nabi mu kwiyandikisha Wa, gerageza ukongera mu minota mike Ongera

Niba ufite Hepatite B, ibi bikurikira bishobora kugufasha: Menya ibijyanye na Hepatite B. Ikigo k'Amerika gishinzwe kurwanya indwara (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) ni ahantu heza ho gutangirira. Komereza kubana n'inshuti n'umuryango. Ntukwiye guhunga abantu bashobora kugufasha kuko Hepatite B ntibanduka mu mibanire isanzwe. Kwita ku buzima bwawe. Funga indyo yuzuye imboga n'imbuto, ikora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe, kandi uryama bihagije. Kwita ku kibuno cyawe. Ntunywe inzoga cyangwa ufate imiti mishya utabanje kuvugana n'abaganga. Supima Hepatite A na C. Niba utarwaye Hepatite A, kingira.