Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Kanseri y'umwijima

Kanseri y'umwijima itangira mu mitsi y'umwijima. Ubwoko bwa kanseri y'umwijima busanzwe cyane butangira mu mitsi yitwa hepatocytes kandi bwitwa hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ni bwo bwoko busanzwe cyane bwa kanseri y'umwijima yibanze. Hepatocellular carcinoma iboneka cyane mu bantu barwaye indwara z'umwijima zidakira, nko gucika kw'umwijima bitewe n'udukoko twa hepatite B cyangwa hepatite C.

Ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'umwijima, ubwoko bwa kanseri y'umwijima bwoherejwe cyane, ni byinshi mu bantu barwaye indwara z'umwijima igihe kirekire. Nanone ni byinshi niba umwijima warangiritse bitewe n'ubwandu bwa hepatite B cyangwa hepatite C. Kanseri y'umwijima iboneka cyane mu bantu banywa inzoga nyinshi kandi bafite amavuta menshi mu mwijima.

Ibizamini n'ibikorwa byifashishwa mu kuvura kanseri y'umwijima birimo:

• Ibizamini by'amaraso bipima imikorere y'umwijima
• Ibizamini byo kubona ishusho, nka CT na MRI
• Biopsi y'umwijima, mu bihe bimwe bimwe, kugira ngo hakurweho igice cy'umwijima kugira ngo gipimwe muri laboratwari

Umuti mwiza kuri wowe bizaterwa n'ingano n'aho kanseri y'umwijima yawe iherereye, uko umwijima wawe ukora neza, n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange.

Umuti wa kanseri y'umwijima urimo:

• Ubuganga. Ubuganga bwo gukuraho kanseri n'agace k'umubiri muzima kayikikije gishobora kuba amahitamo ku bantu bafite kanseri y'umwijima mu ntangiriro bafite imikorere isanzwe y'umwijima.
• Kubaga kwimuka umwijima. Kubaga kugira ngo bakureho umwijima wose bawusimbuze undi ukomoka ku mutanga gishobora kuba amahitamo ku bantu bafite ubuzima bwiza kanseri yabo y'umwijima itararenga umwijima.
• Kurimbura selile za kanseri hakoreshejwe ubushyuhe cyangwa ubukonje. Ibikorwa byo gukuraho kanseri kugira ngo bicishe selile za kanseri mu mwijima hakoreshejwe ubushyuhe cyangwa ubukonje bukabije bishobora gusabwa ku bantu badashobora kubagwa. Ibi bikorwa birimo radiofrequency ablation, cryoablation, na ablation ikoresha inzoga cyangwa microwave.
• Gutanga chemotherapy cyangwa radiation ku selile za kanseri. Bakoresheje kateteri ishyirwa mu mitsi y'amaraso ikagera mu mwijima, abaganga bashobora gutanga imiti ya chemotherapy (chemoembolization) cyangwa ibice bito bya shisha birimo radiation (radioembolization) ku selile za kanseri.
• Radiation therapy. Radiation therapy ikoresha ingufu zikomoka kuri X-rays cyangwa protons ishobora gusabwa niba kubaga atari amahitamo. Ubwoko bw'imiti ya radiation, bwitwa stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), burimo guhuza imirasire myinshi ya radiation rimwe mu gice kimwe cy'umubiri wawe.
• Umuti ugamije imiti runaka. Imiti igamije kugaba ibitero ku ntege nke runaka muri selile za kanseri, kandi ishobora gufasha kugabanya iterambere ry'indwara mu bantu barwaye kanseri y'umwijima ikomeye.
• Immunotherapy. Imiti ya immunotherapy ikoresha ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe bwo kurwanya udukoko kugira ngo bugabye ibitero kuri selile za kanseri. Immunotherapy ishobora kuba amahitamo yo kuvura kanseri y'umwijima ikomeye.
• Ibizamini by'ubuvuzi. Ibizamini by'ubuvuzi biguha amahirwe yo kugerageza imiti mishya yo kuvura kanseri y'umwijima. Baza muganga wawe niba uberewe kwitabira ikizamini cy'ubuvuzi.

Umuganga w'umutima Sean Cleary, M.D., arasubiza ibibazo bikunze kubaho cyane ku kibazo cya kanseri y'umwijima.

Nyuma yo kubona uburwayi, nakwihitiramo itsinda ryita ku buzima bwanjye gute?

Utekereza ku guhitamo ikigo kivura kanseri y'umwijima, ugomba gutekereza ku kigo kivura kanseri nyinshi y'umwijima kandi gifite abagize itsinda bose bakenewe kuvura indwara yawe. Ibi bishobora kuba harimo abaganga b'umwijima cyangwa abaganga b'umwijima, abaganga babaga umwijima n'abaganga babaga, ndetse n'abaganga b'indwara z'imisemburo n'abaganga b'ubuvuzi bwo gukoresha imirasire.

Nakora iki kugira ngo mbe umufatanyabikorwa mwiza w'itsinda ryanjye ry'abaganga?

Imwe mu nzira nziza zo gufatanya n'itsinda ryawe ryita ku buzima ni ukugira uruhare. Baza ibibazo. Babaze ibyerekeye uburyo bwo kuvura buhari. Muganire ku byiza n'ibibi by'ubuvuzi ubwo aribwo bwose bwateganijwe. Kandi hamwe mufatire umwanzuro ku cyiza kuri wowe. Kumenya amakuru byose bigira akamaro.

Uburwayi bwanjye buzagira ingaruka zingahe ku mirire yanjye n'imibereho yanjye?

Iyo umaze kubona kanseri y'umwijima, tugomba kugerageza kwirinda ibintu bishobora kongera kwangiza umwijima. Kandi ibi bishobora kuba harimo inzoga no kunywa itabi. Ubundi, tugomba kugerageza kuba bafite ubuzima bwiza uko bishoboka kose binyuze mu kugira imirire myiza no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe.

Mbikeneye biopsy?

Kanseri y'umwijima ni imwe mu kanseri aho tudashobora gukenera biopsy kugira ngo dufatire ibyemezo ku bijyanye no kwita kuri wewe. Rimwe na rimwe, kanseri y'umwijima ishobora kuvurwa neza ku bushakashatsi bw'amashusho nka CT scan cyangwa MRI. Ni ngombwa kuvugana na muganga wawe n'itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga kugira ngo umenye niba biopsy ari ngombwa nk'igice cy'umugambi wawe wo kwita ku buzima.

Chemotherapy cyangwa immunotherapy ni byo bikwiriye kuri njye?

Tugeze ku iterambere ryinshi rishimishije mu buvuzi bwa chemotherapy na immunotherapy kuri kanseri y'umwijima. Ni ngombwa kuvugana na muganga wawe n'itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga kugira ngo umenye niba chemotherapy cyangwa immunotherapy bishobora kuba bikwiriye nk'igice cy'umugambi wawe wo kuvura. Murakoze ku gihe cyanyu. Kandi tubifuriza ibyiza.

Biopsy y'umwijima ni uburyo bwo gukuramo igice gito cy'umwijima kugira ngo ucukumbuzwe. Biopsy y'umwijima ikorwa cyane binyuze mu gushyira igishishwa gito cy'umunyu mu ruhu no mu mwijima.

Ibizamini n'ibikorwa bikoresha kuvura kanseri y'umwijima birimo:

• Ibizamini by'amaraso. Ibizamini by'amaraso bishobora kugaragaza ibibazo byo gukora kw'umwijima.
• Ibizamini by'amashusho. Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba ibizamini by'amashusho, nka ultrasound, CT na MRI.

Gukuramo igice cy'umwijima kugira ngo ucukumbuzwe. Rimwe na rimwe biba ngombwa gukuramo igice cy'umwijima kugira ngo ucukumbuzwe kugira ngo hamenyekane neza kanseri y'umwijima.

Mu gihe cyo gukora biopsy y'umwijima, muganga wawe ashyira igishishwa gito cy'umunyu mu ruhu rwawe no mu mwijima wawe kugira ngo abone igice cy'umubiri. Muri laboratoire, abaganga bareba umubiri munsi y'ikirahure kugira ngo bashake utunyangingo twa kanseri. Biopsy y'umwijima ifite ibyago byo kuva amaraso, kwishima no kwandura.

Iyo kanseri y'umwijima imaze kuvurwa, muganga wawe azagerageza kumenya urugero (icyiciro) cya kanseri. Ibizamini byo gupima icyiciro bifasha kumenya ubunini n'aho kanseri iri niba yaramaze gukwirakwira. Ibizamini by'amashusho bikoresha gupima icyiciro cya kanseri y'umwijima birimo CT, MRI na bone scans.

Hariho uburyo butandukanye bwo gupima icyiciro cya kanseri y'umwijima. Urugero, uburyo bumwe bukoresha imibare y'Abaroma I kugeza IV, ikindi kikoresha inyuguti A kugeza D. Muganga wawe akoresha icyiciro cya kanseri yawe kugira ngo amenye uburyo bwo kuvura n'uburyo ubuzima bwawe buzabaho.

Ubuvuzi bwa kanseri y'umwijima bushingiye ku rugero (icyiciro) cy'indwara ndetse n'imyaka yawe, ubuzima bwawe rusange n'ibyo ukunda.

Imirimo ikoreshwa mu kuvura kanseri y'umwijima irimo:

• Kubaga kugira ngo bakureho igihombo. Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba kubagwa kugira ngo bakureho kanseri y'umwijima n'agace gato k'umwijima muzima gakikijwe niba igihombo cyawe ari gito kandi umwijima wawe ukora neza.

  Niba ibi ari amahitamo kuri wowe biterwa n'aho kanseri yawe iri mu mwijima, uko umwijima wawe ukora n'ubuzima bwawe rusange.

• Kubagwa kwimurirwa umwijima. Mu gihe cyo kubagwa kwimurirwa umwijima, umwijima wawe urwaye ukurwaho ugasimburwa n'umwijima muzima ukomoka ku mutanga. Kubagwa kwimurirwa umwijima ni amahitamo make gusa ku bantu bafite kanseri y'umwijima iri mu cyiciro cya mbere.

Kubaga kugira ngo bakureho igihombo. Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba kubagwa kugira ngo bakureho kanseri y'umwijima n'agace gato k'umwijima muzima gakikijwe niba igihombo cyawe ari gito kandi umwijima wawe ukora neza.

Niba ibi ari amahitamo kuri wowe biterwa n'aho kanseri yawe iri mu mwijima, uko umwijima wawe ukora n'ubuzima bwawe rusange.

Ubuvuzi bukorerwa ahantu runaka bwo kuvura kanseri y'umwijima ni ubuvuzi buhabwa ubwabwo mu bice bya kanseri cyangwa ahantu haikikije utwo duce twa kanseri. Amahitamo y'ubuvuzi bukorerwa ahantu runaka bwo kuvura kanseri y'umwijima arimo:

• Gusya utwo duce twa kanseri. Gukoresha amashanyarazi mu gusya utwo duce twa kanseri bikoresha umuriro w'amashanyarazi mu gusya no kurimbura utwo duce twa kanseri. Ukoresheje ikizamini cy'amashusho nk'icyerekezo, nk'ikizamini cya ultrasound, muganga ashyira igishishwa kimwe cyangwa birebire mu dukombe duto mu nda yawe. Iyo ibyo bishishwa bigeze ku gihombo, bishyushye hamwe n'umuriro w'amashanyarazi, bikarimbanya utwo duce twa kanseri. Ubundi buryo bwo gushyushya utwo duce twa kanseri bushobora gukoresha microwave cyangwa laser.
• Gukonjesha utwo duce twa kanseri. Gukonjesha bikoresha ubushyuhe buke cyane mu kurimbura utwo duce twa kanseri. Mu gihe cy'ubuvuzi, muganga wawe ashyira igikoresho (cryoprobe) kirimo azote liquide ku gihombo cy'umwijima. Amashusho ya ultrasound akoreshwa mu kuyobora cryoprobe no kugenzura gukonjesha uturemangingo.
• Kwinjiza inzoga mu gihombo. Mu gihe cyo kunywa inzoga, inzoga nziza yinjizwa mu gihombo, haba binyuze ku ruhu cyangwa mu gihe cyo kubagwa. Inzoga ituma utwo duce twa kanseri dupfa.
• Kwinjiza imiti yo kuvura kanseri mu mwijima. Chemoembolization ni ubuvuzi bwo kuvura kanseri butanga imiti ikomeye yo kurwanya kanseri ku mwijima.
• Gushyira imirasire yuzuye muri radiyo mu mwijima. Udupira duto dufite imirasire dushobora gushyirwa mu mwijima aho dushobora gutanga imirasire ku gihombo.

Ubu buvuzi bukoresha ingufu nyinshi zikomoka ku zindi zirimo X-rays na protons mu kurimbura utwo duce twa kanseri no kugabanya igihombo. Abaganga bayobora neza ingufu ku mwijima, mu gihe bakomeza umubiri muzima uri hafi.

Ubuvuzi bwo kurasa imirasire bushobora kuba amahitamo niba ubundi buvuzi budashoboka cyangwa niba budafashije. Ku kanseri y'umwijima ikomeye, ubuvuzi bwo kurasa imirasire bushobora gufasha kugenzura ibimenyetso.

Mu gihe cyo kuvurwa kwa radiotherapy y'imirasire yo hanze, uba uri ku meza kandi imashini iyobora imirasire ku gice runaka cy'umubiri wawe.

Ubwoko bw'ubuvuzi bwo kurasa imirasire, bwitwa radiotherapy ya stereotactic, burimo gushyira imirasire myinshi icyarimwe ku gice kimwe cy'umubiri wawe.

Ubuvuzi bw'imiti bugenewe ibintu byihariye biri mu bice bya kanseri. Mu kuburizamo ibyo bintu, ubuvuzi bw'imiti bugenewe bushobora gutuma utwo duce twa kanseri dupfa.

Imiti myinshi igenewe iboneka mu kuvura kanseri y'umwijima ikomeye.

Ubuvuzi bumwe na bumwe bugenewe bukorera gusa ku bantu bafite utwo duce twa kanseri dufite impinduka runaka za gene. Uduce twawe twa kanseri dushobora gupimwa muri laboratwari kugira ngo urebe niba iyo miti ishobora kugufasha.

Immunotherapy ikoresha ubudahangarwa bwawe mu kurwanya kanseri. Ubudahangarwa bwawe bw'umubiri bukurwanya indwara bushobora kutakomeza kanseri yawe kuko utwo duce twa kanseri dutanga poroteyine zihisha utwo duce tw'ubudahangarwa. Immunotherapy ikora mu kuburizamo uwo mucyo.

Ubuvuzi bwa immunotherapy busanzwe bugenewe abantu bafite kanseri y'umwijima ikomeye.

Chemotherapy ikoresha imiti mu kwica utwo duce tw'uturemangingo twakura vuba, harimo utwo duce twa kanseri. Chemotherapy ishobora guhabwa binyuze mu mutsi wo mu kuboko kwawe, mu buryo bw'ipilule cyangwa yombi.

Chemotherapy rimwe na rimwe ikoreshwa mu kuvura kanseri y'umwijima ikomeye.

Ubuvuzi bwo kworohereza ni ubuvuzi bwihariye bugamije gufasha mu kubabara n'ibindi bimenyetso by'indwara ikomeye. Abahanga mu buvuzi bwo kworohereza bakorana nawe, umuryango wawe n'abandi baganga bawe kugira ngo batange ubufasha bwiyongereye bujyana n'ubuvuzi bwawe buhoraho. Ubuvuzi bwo kworohereza bushobora gukoreshwa mu gihe ukoresha ubundi buvuzi bukomeye, nko kubagwa, chemotherapy cyangwa radiotherapy.

Iyo ubuvuzi bwo kworohereza bukoreshwa hamwe n'ubundi buvuzi buboneka, abantu bafite kanseri bashobora kumva neza kandi bakabaho igihe kirekire.

Ubuvuzi bwo kworohereza butangwa n'itsinda ry'abaganga, abaforomo n'abandi bahanga mu byo kwivuza. Amakipe y'ubuvuzi bwo kworohereza agamije kunoza imibereho y'abantu bafite kanseri n'imiryango yabo. Ubwo buryo bwo kuvura butangwa hamwe n'ubuvuzi bukavura cyangwa ubundi buvuzi ushobora kuba ubonye.

Ubuvuzi bw'andi moko bushobora gufasha kugenzura ububabare mu bantu bafite kanseri y'umwijima ikomeye. Muganga wawe azakora kugira ngo agenzure ububabare hamwe n'ubuvuzi n'imiti. Ariko rimwe na rimwe ububabare bwawe bushobora gukomeza cyangwa ushaka kwirinda ingaruka mbi z'imiti yo kubabara.

Baza muganga wawe ku buvuzi bw'andi moko bushobora kugufasha guhangana n'ububabare, nko:

• Acupuncture
• Hypnosis
• Massage
• Uburyo bwo kuruhuka

Kumenya ko ufite indwara ihambaye ishobora kuguhitana bishobora kubabaza. Buri muntu ashaka uburyo bwe bwo guhangana n'uburwayi bwa kanseri y'umwijima. Nubwo nta bisubizo byoroshye ku bantu bahanganye na kanseri y'umwijima, ibyifuzo bikurikira bishobora gufasha:

• Menya ibya kanseri y'umwijima bihagije kugira ngo ufate ibyemezo ku bijyanye no kuvurwa kwawe. Baza muganga wawe ibyerekeye kanseri yawe y'umwijima, harimo icyiciro cya kanseri yawe, amahitamo yawe yo kuvurwa, kandi, niba ushaka, uko bizagenda. Uko uziga byinshi kuri kanseri y'umwijima, uzaba ufite icyizere cyo gufata ibyemezo byo kuvurwa.

• Komeza abavandimwe n'inshuti hafi. Kugumana umubano wawe ukomeye bizagufasha guhangana na kanseri yawe y'umwijima. Inshuti n'abavandimwe bashobora gutanga ubufasha ukeneye, nko kugufasha kwita ku rugo rwawe niba uri mu bitaro. Kandi bashobora kuba ubufasha bwo mu mutima iyo wumva uremerewe na kanseri.

• Tegura imigambi y'ibitaramenyekanye. Kugira indwara ihambaye, nka kanseri, bisaba ko witegura uburyo ushobora gupfa. Ku bantu bamwe, kugira ukwizera gukomeye cyangwa kumva hari ikintu gikomeye kurusha bo biroroshya kwiyumvisha indwara ihambaye.

  Baza muganga wawe ibyerekeye amabwiriza mbere y'igihe n'ibyifuzo byo kubaho kugira ngo aguhe ubufasha gutegura ubuvuzi bwo kurangiza ubuzima, niba ubikeneye.

Shaka umuntu wo kuvugana na we. Shaka umuntu wumva neza ushobora kuvugana na we ibyo wifuza n'ibyo utinya. Uyu ashobora kuba inshuti cyangwa umuryango. Ubufasha bw'umujyanama, umukozi w'imibereho mu bitaro, umukozi w'idini cyangwa itsinda ry'abarokotse kanseri na byo bishobora gufasha.

Tegura imigambi y'ibitaramenyekanye. Kugira indwara ihambaye, nka kanseri, bisaba ko witegura uburyo ushobora gupfa. Ku bantu bamwe, kugira ukwizera gukomeye cyangwa kumva hari ikintu gikomeye kurusha bo biroroshya kwiyumvisha indwara ihambaye.

Baza muganga wawe ibyerekeye amabwiriza mbere y'igihe n'ibyifuzo byo kubaho kugira ngo aguhe ubufasha gutegura ubuvuzi bwo kurangiza ubuzima, niba ubikeneye.