Histoplasmosis ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n'Ubuvuzi

Histoplasmosis ni indwara y’ibihaha iterwa no guhumeka imiti y’agakoko kitwa Histoplasma capsulatum. Aka gakoko kaba mu butaka burimo imyanda y’inyoni cyangwa iy’inkazi, cyane cyane mu bice bimwe na bimwe by’Amerika, nko mu kibaya cya Ohio na Mississippi.

Abantu benshi bahumeka iyo miti ntabwo bagira ibimenyetso, cyangwa bagira indwara nk’iy’igipfapfa gito. Ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri busanzwe buhangana n’iyi ndwara utabizi. Ariko kandi, bamwe bashobora kugira ibimenyetso bikomeye bigira ingaruka ku bihaha, cyangwa mu bintu bitoroshye, bikwirakwira mu bindi bice by’umubiri.

Ibimenyetso bya Histoplasmosis ni ibihe?

Abantu benshi barwaye Histoplasmosis nta bimenyetso bagira, cyane cyane niba bafite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buzima. Iyo ibimenyetso bigaragaye, bisanzwe bitangira nyuma y’iminsi 3 kugeza kuri 17 nyuma yo guhumeka imiti y’agakoko, kandi bikaba nk’indwara y’igipfapfa gito.

Dore ibimenyetso bisanzwe ushobora kubona:

• Umuriro n’ubukonje bihinduka
• Inkorora yumye ishobora kumara ibyumweru
• Kubabara mu gituza cyangwa kudatuza
• Kubabara umutwe n’umubiri
• Umunaniro ukabije
• Kubabara imikaya mu mubiri wose
• Kubura ubushake bwo kurya

Mu bintu bimwe na bimwe, ushobora kandi kugira ibibyimba by’uruhu bitukura, cyane cyane ku maguru. Ibi bibaho iyo ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buhanganye cyane n’iyi ndwara. Inkuru nziza ni uko ibyo bimenyetso bisanzwe bikira byonyine mu byumweru bike kugeza ku kwezi kumwe ku bantu bazima.

Ubwoko bwa Histoplasmosis ni ubuhe?

Histoplasmosis igaragara mu buryo butatu nyamukuru, buri bwoko bugira ingaruka zitandukanye ku mubiri wawe. Gusobanukirwa ubwo bwoko bushobora kugufasha kumenya icyo ushobora kuba urimo guhura na cyo n’igihe cyo gushaka ubuvuzi.

Histoplasmosis y’ibihaha ikomeye ni yo isanzwe kandi igira ingaruka ku bihaha byawe. Ubwo bwoko busanzwe butera ibimenyetso nk’iby’igipfapfa twavuze haruguru, kandi bisanzwe bikira byonyine mu byumweru bike. Abantu bazima benshi bahura n’ubwo bwoko buke cyane niba bagize ibimenyetso.

Histoplasmosis y’ibihaha idakira itera iyo iyi ndwara ikomeje mu bihaha igihe cy’amezi cyangwa imyaka. Ubwo bwoko bukomeye kandi busanzwe bugira ingaruka ku bantu basanzwe bafite ibibazo by’ibihaha nka emphysema cyangwa COPD. Ushobora kugira inkorora idashira, gutakaza ibiro, no kugira ibibazo byo guhumeka bigenda bigenda bikomeza.

Histoplasmosis ikwirakwira ni yo ikomeye ariko idaheruka, aho iyi ndwara ikwirakwira kuva mu bihaha ikajya mu zindi ngingo. Ibi bisanzwe bibaho ku bantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke cyane, nka barwaye SIDA, abafite ibindi bice by’umubiri byasimbuwe, cyangwa abantu bavurwa kanseri. Ibimenyetso bishobora kuba harimo umuriro mwinshi, umunaniro ukabije, n’ibibazo mu ngingo nyinshi.

Intandaro ya Histoplasmosis ni iyihe?

Histoplasmosis iterwa no guhumeka imiti mito y’agakoko Histoplasma capsulatum. Iyo miti iba mu kirere iyo ubutaka bwanduye buhindutse, ikaba igicu kitaragara ushobora guhumeka utabizi.

Aka gakoko gakura mu bihe bifite intungamubiri gikenera gukura:

• Ubutaka burimo imyanda y’inyoni, cyane cyane iy’inkoko, inyenzi, cyangwa inyenzi zirabura
• Ahantu hari imyanda myinshi y’inkazi, cyane cyane mu buvumo cyangwa mu nyubako za kera
• Imyanda y’ibyatsi n’ibindi bintu by’imborera bivanze n’imyanda y’inyamaswa
• Amabara ya kera, ibyari iby’inkoko, cyangwa inyubako zirekuwe aho inyoni zicura
• Ahantu hafi y’ibiraro cyangwa inyubako aho inkazi ziteranira

Ibikorwa bisanzwe bishobora kukwereka iyo miti harimo gukura imyanda mu byari iby’inkoko, gusura ubuvumo, gusenya inyubako za kera, cyangwa gukora mu bice hari inyoni nyinshi. Ndetse n’igikorwa cyoroshye nko guhinga ibyatsi mu gice inyoni zicura cyane bishobora kukwereka iyo miti.

Ni ngombwa kumenya ko Histoplasmosis idakwirakwira kuva ku muntu ku wundi. Ntushobora kuyanduza umuntu uyirwaye, kandi ntushobora kuyanduza abandi niba uyirwaye.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera Histoplasmosis?

Ukwiye kuvugana n’abaganga bawe niba ugize ibimenyetso nk’iby’igipfapfa bikamara igihe kirekire cyane, cyane cyane niba uherutse kuba mu bice Histoplasmosis isanzwe iboneka. Nubwo ibintu byinshi bikira byonyine, bihora ari byiza gusuzuma neza kwa muganga.

Shaka ubuvuzi bw’amahoro niba ugize ibyo bimenyetso bikomeye:

• Gukora cyangwa guhumeka nabi mu bikorwa bisanzwe
• Kubabara mu gituza bikomeye cyangwa bitakira
• Umuriro mwinshi (urenze 101°F) ukamara iminsi myinshi
• Inkorora ivuza amaraso cyangwa ikomeza kuba mbi
• Umunaniro ukabije ukubuza gukora ibikorwa bya buri munsi
• Gutakaza ibiro bitazwi

Niba ufite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke kubera SIDA, kuvurwa kanseri, gusimbuzwa ibindi bice by’umubiri, cyangwa imiti imwe n’imwe, hamagara muganga wawe ako kanya niba ukekako wahura n’iyi ndwara. Muganga wawe azakumenya neza kandi ashobora gutangira kuvura mbere y’uko ibimenyetso bigaragara.

Ibyago bya Histoplasmosis ni ibihe?

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera amahirwe yo kurwara Histoplasmosis cyangwa kugira ibimenyetso bikomeye. Gusobanukirwa ibyo byago bigufasha gufata ingamba zikwiye no gushaka ubuvuzi igihe bikenewe.

Aho uba bigira uruhare runini mu kigero cy’ibyago:

• Kuba mu kibaya cya Ohio na Mississippi cyangwa kubasura
• Kumara igihe mu bice by’Amerika yo hagati n’iburasirazuba
• Kujya mu bice bya Amerika yo hagati n’Amerika y’Epfo aho aka gakoko gasanzwe kaba
• Gukora cyangwa kwidagadura mu bice by’icyaro hari inyoni cyangwa inkazi nyinshi

Imishinga n’ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe byongera ibyago byo kwandura. Abahinzi, abubatsi, abashakashatsi b’ubuvoma (abashakisha ubuvumo), n’abakozi bashinzwe gutunganya inyubako za kera bafite amahirwe menshi yo guhura n’iyo miti. Abahinzi n’abashinzwe gutunganya ubutaka bakora mu bice hari inyoni nyinshi bagomba kandi kumenya ko bashobora kwandura.

Ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri bugira ingaruka ku kigero cy’ibyago byo kwandura n’uburemere bw’ibimenyetso ushobora kugira. Abantu barwaye SIDA, abavurwa kanseri, abafite ibindi bice by’umubiri byasimbuwe bafata imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri, n’abantu bafite ibibazo by’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri bafite ibyago byinshi byo kugira ingaruka zikomeye.

Imyaka ishobora kandi kugira ingaruka ku kigero cy’ibyago, abana bato n’abantu barengeje imyaka 55 bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara iyi ndwara ikomeye. Ariko kandi, abantu bazima b’imyaka yose bashobora kurwara Histoplasmosis niba bahuye n’imiti myinshi.

Ingaruka zishoboka za Histoplasmosis ni izihe?

Abantu benshi barwaye Histoplasmosis bakira neza nta ngaruka zirambye. Ariko kandi, gusobanukirwa ingaruka zishoboka bigufasha kumenya igihe ubuvuzi bukenewe n’icyo ukwiye kwitondera mu gihe ukomeza gukira.

Ku bantu bazima, ingaruka zirambuye ni nke ariko zishobora kuba harimo:

• Pericarditis (kubabara hafi y’umutima)
• Indwara y’imitsi itera kubabara no gukomera kw’ingingo
• Umunaniro uramara amezi
• Ibibyimba mu bihaha bishobora kugira ingaruka ku guhumeka igihe kirekire

Ingaruka zikomeye zisanzwe ziba ku bantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke cyangwa abagize Histoplasmosis idakira. Histoplasmosis ikwirakwira ishobora kugira ingaruka ku ngingo nyinshi harimo umwijima, umwijima, umugufi w’amagufwa, n’ubwonko.

Mu bintu bitoroshye, Histoplasmosis y’ibihaha idakira ishobora gutera ibibyimba mu bihaha bisa na tuberculose. Ibi bishobora gutera ibibazo byo guhumeka, inkorora idashira, no gutakaza ibiro buhoro buhoro mu mezi cyangwa imyaka.

Inkuru nziza ni uko nubwo ingaruka zibaho, zisanzwe zivurwa neza n’ubuvuzi bukwiye. Kumenya hakiri kare no kuvura bigira ingaruka nziza ku bwoko bwose bwa Histoplasmosis.

Histoplasmosis irashobora kwirindwa gute?

Kwiringira Histoplasmosis byibanda ku kwirinda guhura n’ahantu aka gakoko gakura no gufata ingamba z’ubwirinzi igihe udashobora kwirinda ibyo bice. Ingamba zoroshye zishobora kugabanya cyane ibyago byo guhumeka iyo miti.

Igihe ukora mu bice bishobora kuba byanduye, ibikoresho by’ubwirinzi bigira uruhare runini:

• Kambara agapfukamunwa ka N95 cyangwa karushaho igihe uhindura ubutaka mu bice by’ibyago byinshi
• Koresha imyambaro y’ubwirinzi ikinga amaboko n’amaguru
• Komereza ahantu hari umukungugu amazi mbere yo gukuraho umukungugu kugira ngo ugabanye imiti iri mu kirere
• Kwima ibikorwa bikora igicu cy’umukungugu mu bice inyoni zicura

Mu rugo rwawe no mu mutungo wawe, ushobora gufata ingamba nyinshi zo kwirinda. Komereza ahantu hari ibiryo by’inyoni neza kandi ubishyireho. Niba ukeneye gukuraho ahantu inyoni cyangwa inkazi ziteranira, ubikore ku manywa atuje aho umuyaga utazasakaza imiti.

Ku bantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke, kwitondera cyane ni ingenzi. Tekereza kwirinda gusura ubuvumo, gusana inyubako za kera, cyangwa ibikorwa mu bice bizwiho kuba hari imyanda myinshi y’inyoni cyangwa inkazi. Muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama ishingiye ku buzima bwawe.

Niba uba mu bice Histoplasmosis isanzwe iboneka, kumenya ibyerekeye indwara zikwirakwira muri ako karere no gufata ingamba zo kwirinda mu bikorwa byo hanze bigufasha kuringaniza umuryango wawe.

Histoplasmosis ipima ite?

Kumenya Histoplasmosis bisaba ko muganga wawe ashyira hamwe ibimenyetso byawe, amateka yo kwandura, n’ibizamini by’ubuvuzi. Uburyo busanzwe butangira ibiganiro birambuye ku bikorwa byawe bya vuba aha n’amateka yawe yo gukora ingendo.

Muganga wawe azakubaza ibyerekeye guhura n’ahantu aka gakoko kaba, nko mu buvumo, inyubako za kera, cyangwa ahantu hari imyanda y’inyoni. Azakumenya kandi ibyerekeye ibimenyetso byawe, igihe byatangiye, n’uburyo byagiye bigenda bikomeza.

Ibizamini byinshi bishobora gufasha kwemeza uburwayi:

• Ibizamini by’amaraso bishaka antikorps cyangwa imiti y’agakoko (antigens)
• Ibizamini by’inkari bishobora kumenya antigens y’agakoko
• Ubutaka bw’inkorora
• Amashusho y’ibihaha kugira ngo arebe impinduka mu bihaha
• Amashusho ya CT kugira ngo arebe neza ibihaha

Isuzuma rya antigen ni ryo rifite akamaro kuko rishobora kumenya indwara vuba. Ariko kandi, muganga wawe ashobora gukoresha ibizamini bitandukanye kugira ngo abone ishusho yuzuye, cyane cyane niba ibimenyetso byawe ari bike cyangwa niba ufite ibindi bibazo by’ubuzima.

Rimwe na rimwe kumenya uburwayi bisaba igihe kuko ibimenyetso bishobora kumera nk’ibindi bimenyetso by’indwara z’ubuhumekero. Muganga wawe ashobora gutangira n’intandaro zishoboka cyane akareba izindi mpamvu niba ubuvuzi bwa mbere butabafashije.

Ubuvuzi bwa Histoplasmosis ni ubuhe?

Ubuvuzi bwa Histoplasmosis biterwa n’uburemere bw’ibimenyetso byawe n’ubuzima bwawe muri rusange. Abantu benshi bafite ibimenyetso bike ntabwo bakeneye ubuvuzi kandi bakira neza byonyine baruhutse kandi bafashwe neza.

Ku bimenyetso bike kugeza kubikomeye, muganga wawe ashobora kugutegeka kuruhuka mu gihe ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buhangana n’iyi ndwara. Ibi birimo kuruhuka bihagije, kunywa amazi ahagije, no gufata imiti yo mu iduka yo kuvura umuriro n’ububabare bw’umubiri uko bikenewe.

Imiti yo kurwanya fungi iba ikenewe iyo ufite ibimenyetso bikomeye cyangwa ibyago by’ingaruka:

• Itraconazole ni yo miti isanzwe ikoreshwa mu kanwa
• Amphotericin B ishobora gukoreshwa mu bintu bikomeye cyangwa ku bantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke
• Fluconazole ishobora kuba indi miti ku barwayi bamwe
• Igihe cyo kuvura gisanzwe kiba hagati y’ibyumweru 6 na 12 ku bintu byinshi

Niba ufite Histoplasmosis y’ibihaha idakira, uzakenera kuvurwa imiti yo kurwanya fungi byibuze umwaka umwe kugira ngo iyi ndwara ikire neza. Muganga wawe azakurikirana uko ugendera mu bizamini by’amaraso n’amashusho.

Ku bantu barwaye Histoplasmosis ikwirakwira, ubuvuzi burakomeye kandi busanzwe butangira kuvurwa amphotericin B mu bitaro, hanyuma bakavurwa itraconazole mu kanwa igihe kirekire. Abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke cyane bashobora gukenera kuvurwa igihe cyose kugira ngo iyi ndwara itagaruka.

Uko wakwitwara muri Histoplasmosis iwawe

Kwitwara muri Histoplasmosis iwawe byibanda ku gufasha umubiri wawe gukira mu buryo busanzwe mu gihe ukomeza kwitondera ibimenyetso byose bikomeye. Abantu benshi bafite ibimenyetso bike bashobora gukira neza iwa bo bafashwe neza.

Kuruhuka ni ingenzi mu kugaruka kw’ubuzima, ntukagire ikimwaro cyo gufata ikiruhuko cyangwa kugabanya ibikorwa byawe bisanzwe. Ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri bukora neza iyo utari munaniwe cyane, kandi kwiruka cyane bishobora gutuma ukomeza gukira igihe kirekire.

Dore ingamba zo kwitwara neza iwawe:

• Nyunwa amazi ahagije kugira ngo ugire amazi ahagije kandi ufashe gukuraho imyanda
• Koresha umwuka w’amazi cyangwa guhumeka umwuka ushyushye uva mu mvura kugira ngo worohereze guhumeka
• Fata imiti yo mu iduka yo kuvura ububabare bw’umubiri n’umuriro
• Rya ibiryo biringaniye kugira ngo ufashe ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri
• Kwima itabi n’umwotsi w’itabi, bishobora kubabaza ibihaha

Komeza kwitondera ibimenyetso byawe kandi ubike uko bigenda bihinduka. Nubwo abantu benshi bagenda bagira ubuzima bwiza mu byumweru bike, ukwiye kuvugana n’abaganga bawe niba ibimenyetso byawe bikomeye cyangwa ibimenyetso bishya bikomeye bigaragara.

Niba muganga wawe yagutegetse imiti yo kurwanya fungi, uyifate uko yabitegetse kandi urangize igihe cyose nubwo utangiye kumera neza. Guhagarika imiti vuba bishobora gutuma iyi ndwara igaruka cyangwa ikomeza kurwanya imiti.

Uko wakwitegura gusura muganga

Kwitwara neza mbere yo gusura muganga bigufasha kubona ubuvuzi bukwiye. Gukusanya amakuru mbere bituma uruzinduko rugira akamaro kuri wowe na muganga wawe.

Mbere yo kujya kwa muganga, andika ibimenyetso byawe n’igihe byatangiye. Shyiramo amakuru y’uburemere bwabyo niba bigenda bikira, bikomeza, cyangwa bikaguma kimwe. Bandika ibikorwa byose bituma ibimenyetso bikira cyangwa bikomeza.

Amateka yawe yo kwandura ni ingenzi cyane mu kumenya Histoplasmosis:

• Ingendo za vuba aha mu bice Histoplasmosis isanzwe iboneka
• Akazi cyangwa ibikorwa mu buvumo, inyubako za kera, cyangwa ahantu hari imyanda y’inyoni
• Guhura n’ubutaka, imyanda, cyangwa ahantu inyoni cyangwa inkazi ziteranira
• Igihe guhura n’ibyago byabaye

Zana urutonde rw’imiti yose ufashe, harimo imiti yo mu iduka n’ibindi. Menyesha muganga wawe ibindi bibazo by’ubuzima ufite, cyane cyane ibyo bigira ingaruka ku budahangarwa bw’umubiri.

Tegura ibibazo ushaka kubabaza, nko igihe gisanzwe cyo gukira, ibimenyetso bikwiye kukubwira guhamagara, niba ukeneye gufata ingamba zo kurinda abagize umuryango.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya kuri Histoplasmosis

Histoplasmosis ni indwara y’agakoko gasanzwe abantu bazima bahangana nayo neza, akenshi batanazi ko banduye. Iyo ibimenyetso bigaragaye, bisanzwe bisa n’igipfapfa gito kandi bikira byonyine mu byumweru bike.

Ikintu gikomeye cyo kwibuka ni uko Histoplasmosis ivurwa neza igihe ubuvuzi bukenewe. Nubwo iyi ndwara ishobora kuba ikomeye ku bantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke, kumenya hakiri kare no kuvura neza bigira ingaruka nziza ku bantu benshi.

Kwiringira biguma ari yo ngamba yawe nziza, cyane cyane niba uba cyangwa ubasura mu bice aka gakoko gasanzwe kaba. Ingamba zoroshye nko kwambara ibikoresho by’ubwirinzi igihe ukora mu bice by’ibyago byinshi bishobora kugabanya cyane amahirwe yo kwandura.

Niba ugize ibimenyetso nk’iby’igipfapfa bikomeza nyuma yo guhura n’ibyago, ntutinye kuvugana n’abaganga bawe. Gusuzumwa neza kwa muganga biguha amahoro kandi bikwemerera kubona ubuvuzi bukwiye niba bikenewe.

Ibibazo byakunda kubazwa kuri Histoplasmosis

Histoplasmosis ishobora kugaruka nyuma yo kuvurwa?

Histoplasmosis ishobora kugaruka, ariko ibi ni bike ku bantu bazima barangije kuvurwa neza. Kugaruka biroroshye ku bantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke cyane, niyo mpamvu abarwayi bamwe bakenera kuvurwa imiti yo kurwanya fungi igihe kirekire. Niba warwaye Histoplasmosis mbere, gufata ingamba zo kwirinda kwandura bishya biguma ari ingenzi.

Histoplasmosis yandura kuva ku muntu ku wundi?

Oya, Histoplasmosis ntishobora kwandura kuva ku muntu ku wundi binyuze mu guhumeka, guhisha, cyangwa guhura hafi. Ushobora kwandura gusa uhuye n’imiti yanduye mu butaka cyangwa ahantu habi. Ibi bivuze ko ntukeneye guhangayika kubera kuyanduza umuntu uyirwaye, kandi ntushobora kuyanduza abagize umuryango cyangwa inshuti.

Birama igihe kingana iki gukira Histoplasmosis?

Igihe cyo gukira gitandukanye bitewe n’uburemere bw’indwara yawe n’ubuzima bwawe muri rusange. Abantu benshi bazima bafite ibimenyetso bike barushaho kumera neza mu byumweru 2 kugeza kuri 4 batavuwe. Niba ukeneye imiti yo kurwanya fungi, ushobora gutangira kumera neza mu minsi mike kugeza ku cyumweru cyo gutangira kuvurwa, nubwo ukeneye kurangiza imiti yose, isanzwe imara ibyumweru 6 kugeza kuri 12.

Inyamaswa zo mu rugo zishobora kurwara Histoplasmosis?

Yego, imbwa n’inkazi zishobora kurwara Histoplasmosis binyuze mu guhura n’ibintu bimwe na bimwe bigira ingaruka ku bantu. Inyamaswa zo mu rugo zishobora kugaragaza ibimenyetso nko gukora, guhumeka nabi, gutakaza ubushake bwo kurya, cyangwa kugira umunaniro. Niba ukekako inyamaswa yawe yahura n’ahantu hari imyanda y’inyoni cyangwa inkazi kandi ikagira ibyo bimenyetso, hamagara umuvuzi w’amatungo kugira ngo akuzuze kandi akure.

Kurwara Histoplasmosis bizankiza kuyirwara ukundi?

Kurwara Histoplasmosis rimwe biguha ubudahangarwa ku zindi ndwara, ariko ubwo budahangarwa si bwuzuye cyangwa burambye. Ushobora kwandura ukundi niba uhuye n’imiti myinshi, nubwo izindi ndwara zikunze kuba nke. Abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke bafite ubudahangarwa buke ku ndwara zabanje kandi baguma bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura ukundi.