Hydrocephalus ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, & Ubuvuzi

Hydrocephalus ni iki?

Hydrocephalus ni uburwayi aho umusemburo mwinshi w’ubwonko (liquide céphalo-rachidien) uterana mu myanya y’ubwonko, twita ventricles. Uyu musemburo ubusanzwe urinda kandi ukakingira ubwonko bwawe, ariko iyo wongereye cyane, ushobora gutera umuvuduko ugira ingaruka ku mikorere y’ubwonko.

Tekereza ku musemburo w’ubwonko nk’igikoresho cyo kurinda gikikuje ubwonko bwawe n’umugongo. Umubiri wawe uba ubishyiramo buri munsi. Mu buryo busanzwe, ubwonko bwawe buhita bwakira uyu musemburo uko wakozwe, bikagumana umutekano.

Iyo icyo kingenzi kibangamiwe, umusemburo mwinshi utera ventricles z’ubwonko kwiyongera. Iyo kwiyongera bishobora gushyira igitutu ku mubiri w’ubwonko. Ubu burwayi bushobora kugaragara mu myaka yose, kuva ku bana bakiri mu nda kugeza ku bakuze, nubwo intandaro n’ibimenyetso bikunze gutandukana bitewe n’igihe byabaye.

Inkuru nziza ni uko hydrocephalus ari uburwayi bukavurwa. Hamwe no kwitabwaho kwa muganga, abantu benshi barwaye hydrocephalus babaho ubuzima buzuye, bukorwa. Kumenya hakiri kare no kuvura birashobora kugira uruhare runini mu bizava mu burwayi.

Ibimenyetso bya hydrocephalus ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso bya hydrocephalus bitandukanye cyane bitewe n’imyaka ufite igihe uburwayi bugaragaye. Ku bana bato, ushobora kubona impinduka zisa n’iziteye impungenge ariko zidatuma utekereza ko ari uburwayi bukomeye.

Ku bana bato, ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara birimo:

• Umutwe munini cyangwa ukura vuba
• Agatoki kagufi hejuru y’umutwe
• Kuruka utababara
• Uburwayi cyangwa kurakara
• Amaso asa n’amanuka cyangwa agira ikibazo cyo kuzamuka
• Imihengeri mu bihe bimwe na bimwe
• Kudafata ifunguro neza cyangwa kugira ikibazo cyo kurya

Ibi bimenyetso bigaragara kuko amagufwa y’umutwe w’uruhinja atarahuza, bituma umutwe wiyongera uko amazi agenda yiyongera. Mu by’ukuri, ubwo buryo bw’umubiri ni uburinda ubwonko ku gahinda gakomeye.

Abana bakuze n’abakuze bagira ibimenyetso bitandukanye kuko imitwe yabo idashobora kwaguka. Ushobora kubona:

• Uburwaye bw’umutwe buhoraho bushobora kuba bubi cyane mu gitondo
• Isesemi no kuruka
• Ibibazo by’ububone cyangwa kubona ibintu bibiri
• Ibibazo byo kugendera neza no guhuza imitwe
• Ibibazo byo kwibuka cyangwa kwibagirwa
• Impinduka mu mico cyangwa imyitwarire
• Gukora cyane kugira ngo ugume uryamye cyangwa ukibanda
• Kubura ubushobozi bwo kugenzura umwanya mu binya mu bindi bihe

Mu bantu bakuze, ibimenyetso bya hydrocephalus bishobora kwitiranwa no gusaza bisanzwe cyangwa izindi ndwara nka dementia. Ibyingenzi by’ingenzi birimo ibibazo byo kugenda, ibibazo byo kwibuka, no kubura ubushobozi bwo kugenzura umwanya mu binya. Ariko, si buri wese uba afite ibimenyetso byose bitatu, ibyo bishobora gutuma kuvura bigorana.

Bamwe mu bantu barwara icyo bita hydrocephalus isanzwe, aho ibimenyetso bigaragara buhoro buhoro. Ushobora kubona impinduka nto mu kugenda, gutekereza, cyangwa kugenzura umwanya mu binya bigenda biba bibi buhoro buhoro. Izi mpinduka zikwiye kuvurwa n’abaganga nubwo zisa nkeya mu ntangiriro.

Ni izihe ubwoko bwa hydrocephalus?

Hydrocephalus ifite uburyo butandukanye, buri bwoko bufite imico yabwo n’uburyo bwo kuvura. Gusobanukirwa ubwo bwoko bishobora kugufasha gusobanukirwa neza ibyaba bibaho n’icyo ugomba kwitega.

Hydrocephalus ihuza ibaho iyo amazi yo mu bwonko ashobora kugenda neza hagati y’ibice by’ubwonko ariko ntaboneke neza mu maraso. Ubu bwoko busanzwe buva mu ndwara, kuva amaraso mu bwonko, cyangwa imvune mu mutwe zigira ingaruka ku bice byakira amazi.

Hydrocephalus idafite uburyo bwo gutumanaho ibaho iyo ikintu kibangamiye inzira isanzwe ya liquide cérébrospinale hagati y’ibice by’ubwonko. Udukoko, imikaya, cyangwa ibibazo by’iterambere bishobora gutera ibyo bibazo. Ubu bwoko busaba cyane kuvurwa hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi kugira ngo bakureho cyangwa bakureho ikibangamiye.

Hydrocephalus yavuka ibaho kuva umwana avutse kandi akenshi iterwa n’ibibazo by’iterambere mu gihe cyo gutwita. Bamwe mu bana bavuka bafite ubumuga bw’ubwonko bugira ingaruka ku ikoreshwa ry’amazi, abandi bakaba barayanduye bitewe n’indwara cyangwa kuva amaraso mbere yo kuvuka.

Hydrocephalus iboneka nyuma yo kuvuka iterwa n’imvune, indwara cyangwa izindi ndwara. Imvune mu mutwe, udukoko bw’ubwonko, indwara nka meningitis, cyangwa kuva amaraso mu bwonko byose bishobora gutera ubwo bwoko. Bishobora kubaho mu myaka yose kandi akenshi bigakomera vuba.

Hydrocephalus ifite umuvuduko usanzwe ni ubwoko bw’umwihariko bugira ingaruka cyane ku bantu bakuze. Nubwo izina ryayo, umuvuduko uri mu bwonko uba wari hejuru, ariko ibimenyetso bigenda bigaragara buhoro buhoro. Ubu bwoko bugorana cyane kubona kuko ibimenyetso bihuza n’izindi ndwara zijyana n’imyaka.

Ese iki gitera hydrocephalus?

Hydrocephalus iterwa no kubangamira imiterere isanzwe ya liquide cérébrospinale. Ubwonko bwawe butanga litiro imwe y’iyi liquide ikingira buri munsi, kandi igomba gusubizwa mu maraso ku muvuduko umwe.

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kubangamira ubu buryo bugoye. Ibibangamiye ni kimwe mu bintu bisanzwe bitera, cyane cyane mu bana n’abakiri bato.

Ibintu bifatika bishobora gutera hydrocephalus birimo:

• Udukoko bw’ubwonko bukomenya inzira zo gukuraho amazi
• Imikaya cyangwa ibindi bintu bikura mu bwonko
• Ibisigazwa by’amaraso bivuye mu mvune cyangwa ubuvuzi
• Uruhu rw’ibikomere bivuye mu ndwara cyangwa ubuvuzi
• Ibibazo by’amavuko bigira ingaruka ku miterere y’ubwonko

Ibiyobyabwenge bishobora kandi gutera hydrocephalus biterwa no gutera umuriro no gukomeretsa. Umuvuduko w’ubwonko, encephalitis, cyangwa izindi ndwara z’ubwonko zishobora kwangiza ahantu amazi asanzwe anyuramo mu bwonko. Nubwo iyo ndwara ikize, ibikomere bishobora gukomeza kandi bikomeza gutera ibibazo byo kunyura kw’amazi.

Kuva kw’amaraso mu bwonko, yaba biterwa n’imvune, stroke, cyangwa ibibazo by’imitsi y’amaraso, bishobora kubangamira imiterere y’amazi. Amaraso n’ibicuruzwa byayo bishobora gufunga ahantu amazi anyuramo cyangwa gutera inzitizi mu nzira zayo.

Rimwe na rimwe, hydrocephalus ibaho nta mpamvu imenyekanye, cyane cyane mu bantu bakuze bafite hydrocephalus ya pressure isanzwe. Abashakashatsi bemeza ko impinduka ziterwa n’imyaka mu mubiri w’ubwonko n’imitsi y’amaraso bishobora kugira uruhare, ariko uburyo nyabwo ntiburumvikana neza.

Ibintu by’umuzuko bishobora kugira uruhare mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, cyane cyane ibyo biba kuva ku ivuka. Indwara zimwe na zimwe z’umuzuko zigira ingaruka ku iterambere ry’ubwonko kandi zishobora kongera ibyago bya hydrocephalus. Ariko, ingero nyinshi ntizirakomoka ku babyeyi.

Ni ryari ukwiye kubona muganga kubera hydrocephalus?

Kumenya igihe ukwiye gushaka ubufasha bwa muganga kubera hydrocephalus bishobora gukiza ubuzima, cyane cyane ko ibimenyetso bishobora kuza buhoro buhoro cyangwa bikavangirwa n’izindi ndwara. Gira icyizere icyo wumva mu mutima wawe niba hari ikintu kitameze neza.

Ku bana bato n’abana bato cyane, hamagara muganga wawe vuba bishoboka niba ubona umutwe ukura vuba, agace gakomeye k’umutwe gakomeye, cyangwa kuruka kenshi nta ndwara. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kugaragaza umuvuduko mwinshi mu bwonko ukeneye isuzuma ryihuse.

Hamagara serivisi z’ubutabazi niba umwana wawe agize ikibazo cy’indwara z’ubwonko, akaruha cyane kandi bigoye kumukangurira, cyangwa agaragaza ibimenyetso by’ububabare bukomeye. Byongeye kandi, niba amaso y’umwana wawe ahora areba hasi cyangwa asa n’aho adashobora kuzamuka, ibi bishobora kugaragaza umuvuduko ukabije w’ubwonko.

Abantu bakuru bagomba gushaka ubuvuzi bw’ibanze vuba mu gihe bafite umutwe ukomeye ukaza ukaza, cyane cyane niba uherekejwe n’uburwayi, kuruka, cyangwa guhinduka kw’ubuhanga. Umutwe ubabaza cyane mu gitondo cyangwa ugutera kubyuka mu rugo ukwiye kwitabwaho cyane.

Ntugatege amatwi niba ufite impinduka zidasanzwe mu mbaraga, guhuza, cyangwa imikorere y’ubwonko. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kugaragaza ko igitutu kiri kwiyongera vuba bisaba kuvurwa vuba. Gutakaza ubwenge, guhuzagurika cyane, cyangwa kugorana kuguma uryamye ni ibintu byihutirwa.

Ku bantu bakuze, impinduka buhoro buhoro mu kugenda, kwibuka, cyangwa kugenzura umuyoboro w’inkari bishobora kugaragara nk’ubukure busanzwe ariko bishobora kugaragaza hydrocephalus isanzwe. Niba izi mpinduka zigira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi cyangwa zikomeza kwiyongera, biganiro na muganga wawe.

Ndetse n’ibimenyetso bito by’uburwayi bikwiye kwitabwaho niba bikomeje cyangwa bikabije. Umuganga wawe ashobora gukora ibizamini kugira ngo amenye niba ibimenyetso byawe bishobora kuba bifitanye isano na hydrocephalus cyangwa ikindi kibazo gishobora kuvurwa.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago bya hydrocephalus?

Gusobanukirwa ibintu byongera ibyago bya hydrocephalus bishobora kugufasha kumenya ibimenyetso by’uburwayi, nubwo ufite ibintu byongera ibyago ntibisobanura ko uzagira icyo kibazo. Abantu benshi bafite ibintu byongera ibyago ntibagira hydrocephalus.

Imyaka ikina uruhare runini mu kumenya ibyago byawe. Abana bato n’abakuze bafite ibyago byinshi, nubwo ari impamvu zitandukanye.

Ibintu byongera ibyago mu bana bato n’abana ni ibi bikurikira:

• Kuvuka imburagihe, cyane cyane mbere y’ibyumweru 34
• Kuvuka ufite ibiro bike
• Uburwayi bwavutse bufite ingaruka ku bwonko cyangwa umugongo
• Indwara zandura mu gihe cyo gutwita nka toxoplasmose cyangwa rubella
• Amateka y’umuryango wa hydrocephalus cyangwa indwara zifitanye isano
• Kubyara bigoye cyangwa ingorane mu gihe cyo kubyara

Abana bavutse batarageza igihe cyabo baba bafite ibyago byinshi cyane kuko imitsi yabo y’amaraso iba idakomeye kandi ubwonko bwabo bugikura. Uko umwana avutse hakiri kare, ni ko ibyago byiyongera.

Ibintu bishobora guteza ibyago ku bantu b’imyaka yose birimo:

• Umuvuduko ku mutwe uterwa n’impanuka cyangwa imikino
• Uburwayi bw’ubwonko cyangwa umugongo
• Indwara z’ubwonko n’umugongo
• Kubagwa ubwonko mbere
• Impanuka y’ubwonko cyangwa kuva kw’amaraso mu bwonko
• Indwara zimwe na zimwe z’umuzuko

Abantu barengeje imyaka 60 bafite ibyago byiyongereye byo kurwara hydrocephalus ifite umuvuduko usanzwe, nubwo abashakashatsi bataramenya neza impamvu. Ubushakashatsi bumwe bugaragaza ko impinduka mu mubiri w’ubwonko n’ubuzima bw’imitsi y’amaraso bizana no gusaza bishobora gutera ibyo byago byiyongereye.

Kugira ibintu byinshi biteza ibyago ntibisobanura ko ibyago byawe byiyongera. Ariko, bisobanura ko ugomba kumenya neza ibimenyetso bishoboka kandi ukagira itumanaho rya buri gihe n’abaganga bawe ku mpinduka zose zikubangamiye.

Ni iki gishobora guterwa na hydrocephalus?

Nubwo hydrocephalus ivurwa, kumva ingaruka zishoboka bigufasha kumenya impamvu kuvurwa vuba ari ingenzi. Ingaruka nyinshi zishobora kwirindwa cyangwa kugabanywa hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Ikibazo cya mbere ni umuvuduko wiyongereye ku mubiri w’ubwonko. Iyo amazi yo mu bwonko yiyongereye, ashobora gukanda imiterere y’ubwonko kandi akabuza imikorere isanzwe.

Hydrocephalus itivuwe ishobora gutera ingaruka nyinshi zikomeye:

• Kwangirika burundu kw’ubwonko kubera umuvuduko umaze igihe kinini
• Gutinda gukura mu bana
• Ibibazo by’ububone cyangwa ubuhumyi
• Imihindagurikire ishobora kuba ikomeye kuyirwanya
• Kubura ubushobozi bwo kwibuka cyangwa gutekereza
• Ubumuga bw’umubiri bugira ingaruka ku mikorere cyangwa guhuza
• Mu bihe bikomeye, koma cyangwa urupfu

Abana bafite hydrocephalus itabonye ubuvuzi bashobora kugira ibibazo byo kwiga, gutinda kuvugira, cyangwa ibibazo byo gukoresha ingingo z’umubiri. Ubuvuzi bwa vuba bushobora gukumira byinshi muri ibyo bibazo by’iterambere ngo bitagira ingaruka zirambye.

Nubwo hari ubuvuzi, bamwe bashobora kugira ibibazo bikomeza. Uburyo bwo gushyiramo imiyoboro (shunt systems), ikoreshwa cyane mu kuvura hydrocephalus, rimwe na rimwe bushobora kudakora neza cyangwa kwandura. Ibi bibazo bisanzwe bitera ibimenyetso bikuburira gushaka ubuvuzi.

Ibibazo bitoroshye ariko bikomeye bituruka ku miyoboro (shunt systems) birimo:

• Udukoko mu miyoboro dusaba kuvurwa n’antibiyotike
• Ibihumyo bigatuma ibimenyetso bigaruka
• Gukuraho amazi menshi bigatuma umutwe ubona
• Kudakora neza kw’imashini bisaba kubagwa

Inkuru nziza ni uko abantu benshi bavuwe hydrocephalus birinda burundu ibibazo bikomeye. Kwitabwaho buri gihe bifasha kubona ibibazo bishoboka hakiri kare, igihe bishobora gukemurwa byoroshye. Itsinda ryanyu ry’abaganga rizabigisha ibimenyetso byo kwirinda.

Hydrocephalus ishobora gukumirwa gute?

Nta buryo bwo gukumira hydrocephalus yose, cyane cyane iterwa n’imiterere y’umubiri cyangwa uburwayi bwo kuvuka, ariko ushobora gufata ingamba zo kugabanya ibyago bimwe na bimwe. Ingamba zo gukumira zibanda ku kurinda ubuzima bw’ubwonko no gukumira indwara zishobora gutera hydrocephalus.

Mu gihe cyo gutwita, ingamba nyinshi zishobora gufasha kurinda ubuzima bw’ubwonko bw’umwana wawe uri mu nda. Kwitabwaho neza mu gihe cyo gutwita bituma muganga wawe abona ibibazo bishoboka akabikemura hakiri kare.

Intambwe zo gukumira mu gihe cyo gutwita harimo:

• Kwirinda indwara, cyane cyane rubella
• Kwirinda inzoga, itabi n’ibiyobyabwenge
• Kunywa imiti y’abagore batwite irimo acide folique
• Kuvura indwara vuba
• Kuvura indwara zidakira nk’igisukari
• Kwita ku isuku y’ibiribwa kugira ngo wirinde indwara

Gukumira imvune z’umutwe ni ingenzi ku bantu b’imyaka yose. Ibyago byinshi bya hydrocephalus iboneka nyuma y’imvune ziterwa n’impanuka zo mu mutwe, byashoboraga kwirindwa hakoreshejwe ingamba z’umutekano zikwiye.

Kwirinda imvune z’umutwe bikubiyemo:

• Kwambara ingofero mugihe utwaye igare, ukina skating, cyangwa imikino ikubiyemo guhura
• Gukoresha umukandara w’umutekano n’imyanya ikwiye yo kwicara mu modoka
• Guhindura amazu akaba afite umutekano uhagije, ukuraho ibintu bishobora gutera impanuka zo kugwa
• Kuba maso hafi y’amazi kugirango wirinde impanuka zo kurohama
• Kugendera ku mabwiriza y’umutekano ku kazi

Kuvura indwara zanduye vuba bishobora gukumira bimwe mu byago bya hydrocephalus. Niba ugize ibimenyetso bya meningitis, encephalitis, cyangwa izindi ndwara zanduye zo mu bwonko, gushaka ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa bishobora gukumira ingaruka zishobora gutera hydrocephalus.

Ku bantu bafite ibibazo by’ubuzima bisanzwe byongera ibyago, gukurikirana buri gihe no gucunga neza indwara bishobora gufasha gukumira hydrocephalus kudakurikira. Ibi birimo gucunga ibibazo nk’iby’ibibyimba byo mu bwonko cyangwa ibibazo by’ubushuhe bw’amaraso.

Hydrocephalus imenyekanwa gute?

Kumenya hydrocephalus bikubiyemo gusuzuma umubiri, amateka y’ubuzima, n’ibizamini byo kubona amashusho. Muganga wawe azashaka gusobanukirwa ibimenyetso byawe no kureba ibimenyetso by’umuvuduko mwinshi mu bwonko bwawe.

Uburyo bwo kuvura busanzwe butangira hakoreshejwe amateka y’ubuzima arambuye no gusuzuma umubiri. Muganga wawe azakubaza ibibazo, igihe byatangiye, n’uburyo byagiye bikura. Ku bana, imbonerahamwe y’ubukure igaragaza ingano y’umutwe ishobora gutanga amakuru y’ingenzi.

Mugihe cyo gusuzuma umubiri, muganga wawe azareba ibimenyetso nko kubyimba kw’amagufwa y’umutwe ku bana bato, ibibazo by’ububone, ibibazo byo kubura umutekano, cyangwa impinduka zo mu bwenge. Bashobora kandi kugupima imikorere y’imitsi yawe no gusuzuma amaso yawe kugirango barebe ibimenyetso by’umuvuduko mwinshi mu bwonko.

Ibizamini byo kubona amashusho ni byo bigaragaza neza hydrocephalus. Ibi bizamini bikora amashusho arambuye y’ubwonko bwawe agaragaza ubunini bw’ibice by’ubwonko kandi bigafasha kumenya impamvu zishoboka.

Ibizamini bisanzwe byo kubona amashusho birimo:

• CT scan igaragaza vuba imiterere y’ubwonko n’ingano y’ibice by’amazi mu bwonko
• MRI scan itanga amashusho arambuye y’imiterere y’ubwonko
• Ultrasound ku bana bakiri bato bafite amafunguro afunguye
• Uburyo bwihariye bwa MRI bwo kwiga imiterere y’amazi

Rimwe na rimwe, ibindi bipimo bifasha mu kumenya uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura. Gupima amazi yo mu mugongo (lumbar puncture) bishobora gupima umuvuduko w’amazi yo mu bwonko no kureba niba hari indwara cyangwa ibindi bimenyetso bidasanzwe. Iki kizamini gifitiye akamaro cyane mu kuvura hydrocephalus ifite umuvuduko usanzwe mu bantu bakuze.

Ku bamwe, abaganga bashobora gukora ikizamini cyo gukuraho amazi by’agateganyo. Ibi bisobanura gukuraho utudodo duto tw’amazi yo mu bwonko kugira ngo turebe niba ibimenyetso bigabanuka. Niba wumva umeze neza nyuma yo gukuraho amazi, bigaragaza ko kuvura buri gihe binyuze mu gukuraho amazi bishobora kugufasha.

Itsinda ryanyu ry’abaganga rishobora kandi gushaka gukurikirana uburyo ubwonko bwawe butunganya amazi yo mu bwonko cyangwa uburyo bwakira neza. Ibi bizamini byihariye bifasha mu gufata ibyemezo byo kuvura no kumenya uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura bushobora kugukorera.

Umuti wa hydrocephalus ni uwuhe?

Kuvura hydrocephalus bibanda ku kugabanya umunyu w’amazi yo mu bwonko no kugabanya umuvuduko ku bwonko bwawe. Uburyo bwihariye bwo kuvura biterwa n’icyo gitera iyi ndwara, imyaka yawe, n’ubuzima bwawe muri rusange.

Kuvura hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi busanzwe bikenewe kuko hydrocephalus idakira yonyine. Inkuru nziza ni uko uburyo bwo kuvura bukoreshwa bukorwa neza kandi bwafashije abantu benshi kubaho ubuzima busanzwe kandi bwiza.

Uburyo busanzwe bwo kuvura burimo gushyiramo uburyo bwo gutunganya amazi. Ni imiyoboro mito, yoroshye, ikuraho amazi y’ubwonko arenze urugero mu bwonko yerekeza mu bindi bice by’umubiri aho ashobora kunyobwa mu buryo busanzwe.

Uburyo bwo gutunganya amazi busanzwe burimo:

• Kateteri yashyizwe mu bice byuzuye amazi mu bwonko
• Vali igenzura umuvuduko wo gutanga amazi kandi ikarinda ko asubira inyuma
• Kateteri yo gutanga amazi itwara amazi mu nda, umutima cyangwa mu bihaha

Ibyinshi muri aya mashuti ajyana amazi mu nda, aho amazi ashobora kunyobwa n’umubiri wawe. Ubu buryo, bwitwa ventriculoperitoneal shunt, bufite ibyavuyeho byiza kandi butuma abantu benshi basubira mu mirimo isanzwe.

Ubundi buryo bwo kubaga ni endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV). Ubu buryo bukorwa hafunguwe umwobo muto mu bwonko ufasha amazi yo mu bwonko kugenda neza aho yari afunze. ETV ikora neza ku bwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa hydrocephalus kandi ishobora gukuraho gukenera shunt ihoraho.

Hari igihe abaganga bahuza ETV na choroid plexus cauterization, cyane cyane ku bana. Ubu buryo bugabanya umubare w’amazi yo mu bwonko umubiri wawe utanga, bituma byoroshye ko amazi ava mu bwonko.

Ku hydrocephalus iterwa n’ibibyimba cyangwa ibindi bintu bikura, kuvura icyateye ikibazo gishobora gukemura ikibazo cy’amazi menshi. Gukuraho igituma amazi adashobora kuva mu bwonko rimwe na rimwe bishobora gukuraho gukenera gushyiramo shunt ihoraho.

Kuvura hydrocephalus binyuze mu kubaga bisanzwe biroroshye. Abantu benshi babona impinduka mu maraso yabo mu minsi mike cyangwa mu byumweru bike nyuma yo kuvurwa. Itsinda ryanyu ry’abaganga bazatanga amabwiriza yihariye ku bijyanye no kugabanya imirimo no gukurikirana ubuzima.

Nigute wakwita kuri hydrocephalus iwawe?

Kubaho ufite hydrocephalus bisaba kwitondera no kwita ku buzima bwawe, ariko abantu benshi bafite hydrocephalus bavuwe babaho ubuzima busanzwe. Kwita ku buzima bwawe iwawe bigamije kumenya ibibazo hakiri kare no kubungabunga ubuzima bwawe muri rusange.

Kumenya ibimenyetso byerekana ko shunt idakora neza ni ingenzi niba ufite shunt. Nubwo ibibazo bya shunt bidahagaragara, kumenya ibyo ugomba kwitondera bifasha guhita ubonye ubufasha ukeneye.

Ibisinye bishobora kwerekana ibibazo bya shunt birimo:

• Kugaruka kw’ibimenyetso bya hydrocephalus byambere
• Uburwayi bw’umutwe burakomeye iyo uri kuryamye
• Isesemi cyangwa kuruka
• Guhinduka kw’ubuhanga cyangwa kubona ibintu bibiri
• Gucika intege cyangwa guhinduka kw’imico
• Umuhango, ushobora kugaragaza ubwandu
• Urubobo cyangwa kubyimba ku nzira ya shunt

Hamagara muganga wawe vuba bishoboka uramutse ubona ibyo bimenyetso. Ivura ryihuse ry’ibibazo bya shunt risanzwe rikumira ingaruka zikomeye kandi rigutera kwiyumva neza vuba.

Kugira ubuzima bwiza rusange bishyigikira gukira kwawe n’imibereho myiza igihe kirekire. Ibi birimo kurya ibiryo birimo intungamubiri, kuguma ukora imyitozo ngororamubiri nk’uko muganga wawe yabyemereye, no gusinzira bihagije.

Imipaka y’imirimo isanzwe iba mike umaze gukira nyuma y’ubuganga. Abantu benshi bashobora gusubira ku kazi, kwiga, no gukora ibikorwa by’imyidagaduro. Ariko kandi, imikino y’amahirwe ishobora gusaba kwitondera byihariye kugira ngo urinde sisitemu yawe ya shunt.

Ingendo rusange zirakwiye hamwe na shunt, nubwo ukwiye gutwara amakuru y’ubuvuzi yerekeye uburwayi bwawe. Igenzura ry’umutekano w’ikibuga cy’indege ntirizagira ingaruka kuri shunt yawe, ariko kugira inyandiko bishobora gufasha niba hari ibibazo byavutse.

Gusura muganga buri gihe ni ingenzi mu gukurikirana ubuzima bwawe n’imikorere ya shunt. Izo nsengero zikunze kuba zirimo ibizamini by’amashusho kugira ngo urebe ko shunt yawe ikora neza kandi ko ventricles zawe zikomeza kugira ubunini bukwiye.

Wategura gute uruzinduko rwawe kwa muganga?

Gutegura uruzinduko rwawe kwa muganga ku bijyanye na hydrocephalus bifasha guhamya ko ubonye byinshi mu ruzinduko rwawe kandi bitanga itsinda ryawe ry’ubuvuzi amakuru bakeneye kugira ngo bagufashe neza.

Mbere y’uruzinduko rwawe, andika ibimenyetso byawe byose, harimo igihe byatangiye n’uko byahindutse uko igihe gihita. Jya ugaragaza neza ibyo wabonye, nubwo amakuru asa n’ato.

Amakuru akomeye yo kuzana arimo:

• Urutonde rwuzuze rw’imiti n’imiti y’inyongera ukoresha ubu
• Inyandiko z’ubuvuzi zabanje, cyane cyane ibyavuye mu bipimo by’ubwonko
• Amateka y’ubuzima bw’umuryango wawe, cyane cyane indwara zifata ubwonko
• Amakuru y’ubwisungane mu kwivuza n’impapuro zo kubohererezwa niba bibaye ngombwa
• Urutonde rw’ibibazo wifuza kubaza

Teganya kuzana umuntu wo mu muryango wawe cyangwa incuti igihe ugiye kwa muganga. Bashobora kugufasha kwibuka amakuru yavuzwe kandi baguha inkunga muri icyo gihe gishobora kuba kigoye. Kugira amatwi y’inyongera birashobora kugira akamaro mu gihe utunganije amakuru y’ubuvuzi akomeye.

Tegura ibibazo mbere y’igihe kugira ngo utibagiwe ibibazo by’ingenzi mu gihe ugiye kwa muganga. Teganya kubaza ibyerekeye uburyo bwo kuvura, icyo ugomba kwitega mu gihe cyo gukira, ibikorwa ugomba kwirinda, n’imiterere y’igihe kirekire.

Ibibazo by’ingirakamaro bishobora kuba birimo:

• Ni ubwoko ki bwa hydrocephalus mfite?
• Ni iki cyateye iyi ndwara?
• Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura mfite?
• Ni izihe ngaruka mbi n’akamaro k’uburyo bwo kuvura buri bwo?
• Uburyo bwo kuvura buzagira iki ku mibereho yanjye ya buri munsi?
• Ni ibihe bimenyetso nagomba kwitondera?
• Nzagomba gusubira kwa muganga kenshi gute?

Ntukabe ikibazo cyo gusaba ko basobanura neza ibyo utumva. Amakuru y’ubuvuzi ashobora kuba akomeye, kandi muganga wawe ashaka ko usobanukiwe neza uko uhagaze n’uburyo bwo kuvurwa.

Ni iki gikuru ukwiye kumenya kuri hydrocephalus?

Hydrocephalus ni indwara ikomeye ariko ivurwa neza, ikaba igira abantu b’ingeri zose. Ikintu cy’ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko kuvumburwa hakiri kare no kuvurwa neza bishobora gukumira ingaruka mbi kandi bikemera ko abantu benshi babaho ubuzima busanzwe, buhimbaye.

Uburyo bwo kuvura bugezweho, cyane cyane imiyoboro y’amazi, byahinduye uko abantu bafite hydrocephalus babona ibintu. Abantu benshi bafite hydrocephalus yavuwe bakomeza kugera ku ntego zabo mu bijyanye n’uburezi, akazi, n’ibindi byifuzo byabo, nta mbogamizi zikomeye.

Nubwo ubu burwayi bwa mbere bushobora kugaragara nk’ibintu biremereye, ibuka ko hydrocephalus ari uburwayi bwumvikanyweho neza kandi bufite imiti ikora neza. Ikipe yawe y’abaganga ifite ubunararibonye bwinshi mu gufasha abantu barwaye hydrocephalus, kandi hari ubufasha buhari kugira ngo ugufashe muri uru rugendo.

Ikintu nyamukuru mu kuyobora neza ni ukumenya amakuru y’uburwayi bwawe, gukurikirana neza ubuvuzi, no kumenya igihe ukwiye gushaka ubufasha bw’abaganga. Hamwe n’ubuvuzi bukwiye n’ikurikiranwa, hydrocephalus ntibikwiye kugutera imbogamizi cyangwa kugufataho.

Gira icyizere mu nzira y’ubuvuzi kandi ntutinye kubabaza ibibazo cyangwa gushaka ubufasha igihe ubikeneye. Abantu benshi barwaye hydrocephalus basanga guhura n’abandi bafite ibibazo nk’ibyo bifasha haba mu nama zishingiye ku bumenyi no mu gufashanya mu byiyumvo.

Ibibazo bikunze kubaho kuri hydrocephalus

Hydrocephalus irashobora gukira burundu?

Nubwo hydrocephalus itabasha ‘gukira’ mu buryo busanzwe, ishobora gufashwa neza cyane hamwe n’ubuvuzi bukwiye. Sisitemu za shunt n’ubundi buvuzi bw’abaganga bugenzura ubu burwayi neza ku buryo abantu benshi babaho ubuzima busanzwe. Impamvu nyamukuru yo kwiyongera kw’amazi isanzwe ihari, ariyo mpamvu gukurikirana bikomeza kuba ngombwa, ariko ibimenyetso bishobora gukurwaho cyangwa kugabanuka cyane hamwe n’ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Nzakenera kubagwa inshuro nyinshi kubera hydrocephalus?

Abantu benshi bakenera kubagwa inshuro imwe gusa kugira ngo bavurwe hydrocephalus neza. Ariko, sisitemu za shunt rimwe na rimwe zishobora gukenera kuvugururwa cyangwa gusimbuzwa uko igihe gihita, cyane cyane ku bana bagikura. Hagati ya 50% bya shunt zishyirwa mu bana zizakenera kuvugururwa mu myaka ibiri, ariko nyinshi zikora igihe kirekire. Shunt z’abakuze zisanzwe zikora igihe kirekire. Muganga wawe azakurikirana imikorere ya shunt yawe buri gihe kugira ngo abone ibibazo hakiri kare.

Abantu barwaye hydrocephalus bashobora kubyara?

Yego, abantu benshi bafite hydrocephalus bashobora kubyara abana mu buryo butekanye. Gutwita bisanzwe ntibyongera ubukana bwa hydrocephalus, kandi abagore benshi bafite imiyoboro (shunts) bagira gutwita no kubyara bisanzwe. Ariko rero, ugomba kuganira na muganga wawe ushinzwe indwara z’ubwonko n’umuganga ushinzwe kubyara kugira ngo umenye uko wakurikiranwa neza mu gihe cyo gutwita. Uburyo bumwe bwa hydrocephalus buterwa na gene bushobora kugira ingaruka ku bana bawe, bityo inama y’inzobere mu by’indwara ziterwa na gene ishobora kugufasha.

Hydrocephalus ese ni bwoko bw’ubumuga bwo mu mutwe?

Hydrocephalus ubwayo si ubumuga bwo mu mutwe, nubwo hydrocephalus itabonye ubuvuzi ishobora rimwe na rimwe gutera ibibazo byo mu mutwe. Iyo imenyekanye ikavurwa hakiri kare, abantu benshi bafite hydrocephalus bagira ubwenge busanzwe. Bamwe bashobora kugira ibibazo byo kwiga cyangwa bakeneye ubufasha bwihariye mu ishuri, ariko benshi bakora akazi gakomeye kandi bakiga mu mashuri makuru. Ikintu nyamukuru ni ukubona ubuvuzi bukwiye mbere y’uko ubwonko bubabara cyane.

Wajya gukina siporo ufite imiyoboro (shunt)?

Abantu benshi bafite imiyoboro (shunts) bashobora kwitabira siporo n’imikino ngororamubiri mu buryo butekanye. Koga, kwiruka, gukina basketball, n’izindi siporo nyinshi bisanzwe byemewe. Siporo zikubiyemo guhura nk’umupira w’amaguru cyangwa hockey bishobora gusaba kwitondera cyangwa ibikoresho byo kwirinda kugira ngo wirinde ko imiyoboro (shunt) yangirika bitewe n’inkubiri. Muganga wawe ashobora kugutanga inama zihariye hashingiwe ku bwoko bw’imiyoboro (shunt) yawe n’aho iherereye, imyaka yawe, n’ibikorwa ushaka gukora.