Ese ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n’Umuti

Hyperglycemia ni uko urwego rw’isukari mu maraso rurenga urwego rusanzwe, akenshi rugera hejuru ya 180 mg/dL nyuma yo kurya cyangwa 126 mg/dL iyo wifashe. Tekereza ko umubiri wawe uhanganye no gucunga isukari iri mu maraso yawe, kimwe n’aho imodoka zitabasha kugenda neza mu muhanda.

Iyi ndwara ikunda kwibasira abantu barwaye diyabete, ariko ishobora kubaho ku muntu uwo ari we wese mu bihe bimwe na bimwe. Nubwo bishobora gutera ubwoba, kumva hyperglycemia bigufasha kumenya ibimenyetso hakiri kare ukabona uko wakora kugira ngo urinde ubuzima bwawe.

Ibimenyetso bya hyperglycemia ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso bya mbere bya hyperglycemia bikunda kuza buhoro buhoro, bityo ushobora kutamenya ko biriho ako kanya. Umubiri wawe uragutera ubutumwa buke mbere y’uko ibintu bikomeye.

Dore ibimenyetso bisanzwe ushobora kugira:

• Umukama mwinshi udashira
• Gushobora kenshi, cyane cyane nijoro
• Uburwayi budasanzwe cyangwa kumva unaniwe kurusha ubusanzwe
• Kubura ubwenge buza bukajya
• Umutwe ubabaza utandukanye n’ubusanzwe
• Ibyago bikira buhoro
• Akanwa kari kabyimbye nubwo unywa amazi

Uko urwego rw’isukari mu maraso rugenda ruzamuka, ushobora kubona ibimenyetso bikomeye. Ibi birimo kuba ufite iseseme, kuruka, kubabara mu nda, cyangwa impumuro y’imbuto mu miheto yawe. Niba ufite ibi bimenyetso bikomeye, ni ngombwa gushaka ubuvuzi vuba.

Ese hyperglycemia iterwa n’iki?

Hyperglycemia ibaho iyo umubiri wawe udashobora gukora insuline ihagije cyangwa udakoresha insuline neza. Insuline ikora nk’ufungura uturemangingo kugira ngo isukari yinjiyemo itange imbaraga.

Ibintu byinshi bishobora gutera urwego rwinshi rw’isukari mu maraso:

• Kurya karubone nyinshi kurusha uko umubiri wawe ushobora kuyikoresha
• Kudakoresha imiti ya diyabete ihagije cyangwa kuyibagirwa
• Umuvuduko cyangwa agahinda
• Uburwayi cyangwa indwara
• Kubura imyitozo ngororamubiri
• Imiti imwe nka steroide
• Kubuza amazi

Rimwe na rimwe hyperglycemia ishobora kubaho ku bantu badafite diyabete mu gihe cy’uburwayi bukomeye, kubagwa, cyangwa umuvuduko ukabije. Umubiri wawe usohora imisemburo y’umuvuduko ishobora kubangamira ubushobozi bwa insuline bwo gukora neza.

Gake, indwara zidafite akamenyero nka Cushing’s syndrome, indwara z’umwijima, cyangwa zimwe mu ndwara z’impyiko zishobora gutera hyperglycemia ihoraho. Ibi bihe bisaba isuzuma n’ubuvuzi bwihariye.

Ni ryari ukwiye kubona muganga kubera hyperglycemia?

Wagomba kuvugana n’abaganga bawe niba isukari yawe mu maraso ihora irenze 250 mg/dL cyangwa niba ufite ibimenyetso bikubabaza. Ntugatege amatwi niba utumva neza, nubwo ibimenyetso byawe bigaragara ko ari bito.

Shaka ubuvuzi bw’ibanze niba ufite ibimenyetso bikomeye nko kuruka kenshi, kugorana guhumeka, gucika intekerezo, cyangwa gusinzira cyane. Ibi bishobora kugaragaza ikibazo gikomeye cyitwa diabetic ketoacidosis, gisaba ubuvuzi bw’ibanze.

Niba udafite diyabete ariko ukabona ibimenyetso nko kwishima kenshi, gushobora kenshi, no kunanirwa bidakemuka iminsi myinshi, tegura gukorana na muganga wawe. Ibi bishobora kuba ibimenyetso bya mbere bya diyabete bikeneye isuzuma.

Ibyago byo kugira hyperglycemia ni ibihe?

Kumva ibyago byawe bigufasha gufata ingamba zo kwirinda isukari nyinshi mu maraso. Hari ibintu ushobora kugenzura, ibindi bikaba ari iby’umubiri wawe.

Ibyago bikomeye birimo:

• Kugira diyabete (ubwoko bwa 1 cyangwa ubwoko bwa 2)
• Amateka y’umuryango wa diyabete
• Kuba uremye cyangwa ufite umubyibuho ukabije
• Kubaho ubuzima butameze neza
• Kuba ufite imyaka irenga 45
• Umuvuduko ukabije w’amaraso
• Amateka ya diyabete y’abagore batwite

Amwe mu matsinda y’abantu, harimo Abanyamerika b’Abirabura, Abanyamerika b’Abahispani, Abanyamerika bakomoka mu bwoko bw’aba-Native, n’Abanyamerika b’Abashinwa, bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara diyabete na hyperglycemia. Byongeye kandi, abagore bafite polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) bafite ibyago byinshi.

Indwara zidafite akamenyero nka acromegaly, pheochromocytoma, cyangwa imikaya y’umwijima zishobora kandi kongera ibyago byawe, nubwo ibi bigira ingaruka ku bantu bake cyane. Muganga wawe ashobora kugufasha gusuzuma ibyago byawe mu buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi.

Ingaruka zishoboka za hyperglycemia ni izihe?

Iyo isukari mu maraso igumye hejuru igihe kirekire, ishobora gahoro gahoro kwangiza ibice bitandukanye by’umubiri wawe. Tekereza ko isukari nyinshi mu maraso ari nk’umusenyi ugenda utera imiyoboro y’amaraso n’imigongo.

Ingaruka z’igihe gito zishobora kuza mu masaha cyangwa iminsi:

• Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) - ikibazo gikomeye aho umubiri wawe usenya amavuta kugira ngo ubone imbaraga
• Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) - kubuza amazi cyane n’isukari nyinshi mu maraso
• Ibyago byinshi by’indwara
• Ibyago bikira buhoro

Ingaruka z’igihe kirekire ziraza mu mezi cyangwa imyaka y’isukari idacungwa neza mu maraso. Ibi birimo kwangiza amaso (diabetic retinopathy), impyiko (diabetic nephropathy), imiyoboro y’amaraso (diabetic neuropathy), n’ibyago byinshi by’indwara z’umutima n’umwijima.

Inkuru nziza ni uko kugumana urwego rw’isukari mu maraso rugendanye bigabanya cyane ibyago by’izi ngaruka. Abantu benshi barwaye diyabete babaho ubuzima bwiza, buzira, binyuze mu gucunga neza uburwayi bwabo.

Hyperglycemia ishobora kwirindwa gute?

Kwivuza byibanda ku kugumana urwego rw’isukari mu maraso rugendanye binyuze mu guhitamo ubuzima buzira neza no gucunga neza ubuzima. Impinduka nto, zihoraho, akenshi arizo zigira ingaruka nyinshi.

Dore ingamba z’ubwirinzi zikora:

• Kurya ibiryo byuzuye bifite ibice bikwiye bya karubone
• Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe, nibura iminota 30 yo kugenda buri munsi
• Kunywa imiti uko yagenewe
• Kumenya urwego rw’isukari mu maraso uko byagenwe
• Kunywa amazi ahagije umunsi wose
• Guhangana n’umuvuduko binyuze mu buryo bwo kuruhuka
• Kuryama bihagije (amasaha 7-9 buri joro)

Niba ufite diyabete, korana na baganga bawe kugira ngo mutegure gahunda y’ubuvuzi ikujyanye nawe. Ibi birimo kumva uko ibiryo bitandukanye bigira ingaruka ku isukari yawe mu maraso no kumenya igihe ukwiye guhindura imiti yawe.

Ku bantu badafite diyabete, kugumana ibiro byiza, kuguma ukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, no kurya indyo yuzuye bigabanya cyane ibyago byo kurwara hyperglycemia na diyabete.

Hyperglycemia imenyekanwa ite?

Kumenya hyperglycemia bikubiyemo ibizamini by’amaraso byoroshye bipima ingano y’isukari iri mu maraso yawe. Muganga wawe ashobora gukoresha ibizamini bitandukanye kugira ngo abone ishusho yuzuye.

Ibizamini bisanzwe byo gupima birimo ikizamini cy’isukari mu maraso iyo wifashe (nyuma yo kudakora amasaha 8-12), ikizamini cy’isukari mu maraso igihe icyo aricyo cyose (taken any time), cyangwa ikizamini cyo kwihanganira isukari mu kanwa. Muganga wawe ashobora kandi gutegeka ikizamini cya hemoglobin A1C, kigaragaza isukari yawe y’umubiri mu mezi 2-3 ashize.

Niba ufite diyabete, ushobora kuba umaze igihe ugenzura isukari yawe mu maraso iwawe ukoresheje igikoresho cyo gupima isukari. Ibi bikoresho biguha amakuru y’igihe nyacyo yerekeye urwego rw’isukari yawe mu maraso umunsi wose.

Rimwe na rimwe muganga wawe ashobora kugutegeka gukurikirana isukari yawe mu maraso buri gihe, cyane cyane niba ufite impinduka nyinshi z’isukari mu maraso. Ibi bikubiyemo kwambara igikoresho gito gikurikirana urwego rw’isukari yawe mu maraso buri gihe.

Umuti wa hyperglycemia ni uwuhe?

Umuti wa hyperglycemia uterwa n’impamvu nyamukuru n’uko urwego rw’isukari yawe mu maraso ruri hejuru. Intego ni uguteza isukari yawe mu maraso ku rwego rwiza neza no kwirinda ibindi bibazo.

Ku bantu barwaye diyabete, ubuvuzi busanzwe bukubiyemo:

• Guhindura urwego rw’insuline cyangwa imiti
• Kongera imyitozo ngororamubiri (niba bishoboka)
• Kunywa amazi menshi kugira ngo wirinde kubuza amazi
• Kugendera ku gahunda y’ibiryo
• Kumenya urwego rw’isukari mu maraso buri gihe

Mu bihe bikomeye, kuba mu bitaro bishobora kuba ngombwa, cyane cyane niba ufite diabetic ketoacidosis cyangwa hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state. Ubuvuzi mu bitaro bukubiyemo amazi aturuka mu mitsi, insuline, no gukurikirana neza urwego rw’umusemburo wawe.

Ku bantu badafite diyabete barwaye hyperglycemia mu gihe cy’uburwayi cyangwa umuvuduko, ubuvuzi bukubiyemo gukemura ikibazo nyamukuru mu gihe ushyigikira ubushobozi bw’umubiri wawe bwo kugenzura isukari mu maraso.

Uko wacunga hyperglycemia iwawe

Gucunga hyperglycemia iwawe bisaba guhuza ibikorwa byihuse n’ingamba z’igihe kirekire. Kugira gahunda isobanutse bigufasha gusubiza neza iyo isukari yawe mu maraso izamutse.

Iyo ubona isukari nyinshi mu maraso, tanga unywe amazi kugira ngo afashe gukura isukari nyinshi mu mpyiko. Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri yoroheje, nko kugenda iminota 10-15, bishobora gufasha imitsi yawe gukoresha isukari nyinshi, ariko wirinda imyitozo ikomeye niba isukari yawe mu maraso iri hejuru cyane.

Jya ugenzura isukari yawe mu maraso kenshi kurusha ubusanzwe kandi ubandeke ibimenyetso. Niba ufite insuline, ushobora kuba ukeneye kwiha umuti ukurikije amabwiriza ya muganga wawe.

Irinde ibiryo birimo karubone nyinshi kugeza isukari yawe mu maraso isubiye ku rwego rusanzwe. Kora ibiryo bike bya karubone niba ukeneye kurya, kandi wibande ku kunywa amazi cyangwa ibinyobwa bidatwika isukari.

Vugana na muganga wawe niba isukari yawe mu maraso igumye iri hejuru nubwo ufite ibi bintu, cyangwa niba ufite ibimenyetso nko kuruka, kuruka, cyangwa kugorana guhumeka.

Uko wakwitegura gusura muganga wawe

Kwitunganya gusura muganga wawe bigufasha kugira amakuru n’amabwiriza byinshi ukomora ku baganga bawe. Tekereza ko ari ukugira ibimenyetso bifasha gukemura ikibazo hamwe.

Zana ibitabo byawe by’isukari mu maraso niba uyigenzura iwawe, harimo n’ibyanditswe ku gihe byabaye n’icyo bishobora kuba byabiteye. Andika imiti yose unywa, harimo n’imiti yo kwivuza udasabye muganga, kuko imwe ishobora kugira ingaruka ku isukari mu maraso.

Kora urutonde rw’ibimenyetso byawe, igihe byatangiye, n’icyo bibafasha cyangwa kibibabaza. Shyiramo ibibazo ku burwayi bwawe, uburyo bwo kuvura, n’icyo witeze mu gihe kiri imbere.

Teganya kuzana umuntu wo mu muryango cyangwa inshuti kugira ngo aguhe inkunga, cyane cyane niba wumva unaniwe. Bashobora kugufasha kwibuka amakuru y’ingenzi no kugufasha mu gihe cy’uruzinduko.

Icyingenzi kuri hyperglycemia ni iki?

Hyperglycemia ni uburwayi bushobora kuvurwa neza binyuze mu kwitaho no kwitabira. Nubwo bisaba kumenya no guhindura imibereho rimwe na rimwe, abantu benshi bagumana isukari mu maraso mu rugero rwiza kandi babaho ubuzima buzira neza.

Ikintu cy’ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko kumenya hakiri kare no gufata ingamba bikora cyane. Uko ubayeho ufite diyabete cyangwa ufite hyperglycemia ku nshuro ya mbere, gukorana n’abaganga bawe biguha amahirwe meza yo kugira ubuzima bwiza.

Wibuke ko gucunga isukari mu maraso ari inzira yo kwiga, kandi bisanzwe kugira ibihe byiza n’ibibi mu nzira. Jya wihangana uko ugenda utezimbere imyifatire mishya n’ingamba zikora ku mibereho yawe.

Ibibazo byakunda kubazwa kuri hyperglycemia

Ese umuvuduko ushobora gutera isukari nyinshi mu maraso?

Yego, umuvuduko w’umubiri n’umutima bishobora kongera urwego rw’isukari mu maraso. Iyo uhangayitse, umubiri wawe usohora imisemburo nka cortisol na adrenaline ibwira umwijima gukura isukari yabitswe kugira ngo ubone imbaraga. Iyi mibiri y’umubiri “y’urugamba cyangwa guhunga” ishobora kongera isukari mu maraso kurusha ubusanzwe, cyane cyane ku bantu barwaye diyabete.

Umuvuduko w’isukari mu maraso ushobora guhinduka vuba gute?

Isukari mu maraso ishobora kuzamuka mu minota 15-30 nyuma yo kurya, bitewe n’icyo urya. Ariko, bisanzwe bituma amasaha 2-4 kubona ingaruka zuzuye z’ibiryo. Ibintu nko guhangayika, uburwayi, cyangwa guhindura imiti bishobora gutera impinduka mu masaha, mu gihe impinduka z’imibereho zisanzwe zigira ingaruka mu minsi kugeza ku ndwi.

Ese bisanzwe kugira isukari nyinshi mu maraso rimwe na rimwe?

Isukari ya buri wese mu maraso izamuka nyuma yo kurya, kandi ibi bisanzwe. Ariko, ku bantu bazima, isukari mu maraso isubira ku rwego rusanzwe mu masaha 2-3. Kugenda hejuru kurusha ubusanzwe mu gihe cy’uburwayi cyangwa umuvuduko ukabije bishobora kubaho, ariko hyperglycemia ihoraho cyangwa ihoraho ikeneye isuzuma rya muganga.

Ese kubuza amazi bishobora gutera isukari nyinshi mu maraso?

Kubuza amazi bishobora gutuma isukari mu maraso igaragara ko iri hejuru kuko hari amazi make yo kuvanga isukari mu maraso yawe. Byongeye kandi, iyo ubuzwa amazi, umubiri wawe ushobora guhangana no gukura isukari nyinshi mu mpyiko neza. Kuguma unywa amazi biha umubiri wawe ubushobozi bwo gucunga isukari mu maraso neza.

Ese itandukaniro hagati ya hyperglycemia na diyabete ni irihe?

Hyperglycemia ni ikimenyetso cyangwa uburwayi aho isukari mu maraso iri hejuru kurusha ubusanzwe, mu gihe diyabete ari uburwayi buhoraho bushobora gutera hyperglycemia. Ushobora kugira hyperglycemia y’igihe gito udafite diyabete, nko mu gihe cy’uburwayi cyangwa umuvuduko. Ariko, hyperglycemia ihoraho isanzwe ari ikimenyetso cya diyabete kandi isaba isuzuma rya muganga no gucunga buri gihe.