Hypersomnia ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n'Ubuvuzi

Hypersomnia ni indwara yo gusinzira aho wumva unaniwe cyane mu gihe cy'umunsi, na nyuma yo gusinzira igihe gikwiye nijoro. Ntibihuye no kunanirwa gusa nyuma yo gusinzira nabi - ahubwo ni ubukenekerezo buhoraho, bwinshi bwo gusinzira bubangamira ubuzima bwawe bwa buri munsi.

Niba uhanganye n'iyi ndwara, nturi wenyine, kandi si amakosa yawe. Umubiri wawe utanga ibimenyetso by'uko hari ikintu gikenewe kwitabwaho, kandi gusobanukirwa ibiri kubaho bishobora kuba intambwe ya mbere yo kongera kumva umeze neza.

Hypersomnia ni iki?

Hypersomnia bivuze ko umubiri wawe ukeneye igihe kinini cyo gusinzira kurusha abantu benshi. Mu gihe umuntu mukuru asanzwe akeneye amasaha 7-9 yo gusinzira, abantu bafite hypersomnia bashobora gusinzira amasaha 10-12 cyangwa arenga, bagakanguka bakumva bataruhuka.

Hari ubwoko bubiri nyamukuru bwa hypersomnia. Hypersomnia y'ibanze iba yonyine idafite impamvu y'ibanze dushobora kumenya. Hypersomnia y'uburyo bwa kabiri iterwa n'izindi ndwara, imiti, cyangwa indwara yo gusinzira.

Iyi ndwara igaragara ku bantu bagera kuri 5%. Ishobora gutangira mu kigero icyo ari cyo cyose ariko ikunda gutangira mu bupfumuzi. Inkuru nziza ni uko, hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye, abantu benshi bashobora guhangana n'ibimenyetso byabo neza.

Ibimenyetso bya hypersomnia ni ibihe?

Ikimenyetso nyamukuru ni ukunanirwa cyane mu gihe cy'umunsi kidakira no gusinzira igihe kirekire. Ushobora kwisanga uryamye mu biganiro, mu nama, cyangwa mu gihe utwaye - ibyo bishobora gutera umujinya no guhangayika.

Dore ibimenyetso bisanzwe ushobora kugira:

• Gusinzira igihe kirekire kurusha igihe gisanzwe (amasaha 10 cyangwa arenga) ariko ukaguma unaniwe
• Kugorana gukanguka mu gitondo, nubwo wakoresheje saaha nyinshi
• Kuryama kenshi mu gihe cy'umunsi (rimwe na rimwe amasaha 3-4)
• Kumva unaniwe cyangwa ufite umutwe mu gihe cy'umunsi
• Kugorana kwibanda cyangwa kwibuka ibintu
• Kumva ubabaye cyangwa guhinduka kw'imitekerereze
• Kuryama mu bihe bidakwiye

Bamwe mu bantu bagira icyo abaganga bita “ubusinzi bwo gusinzira” - igihe cy'ubushashatsi n'ubushidikanya mu gihe ukanguka gishobora kumara iminota 30 kugeza ku masaha menshi. Ibi bishobora gutera imbogamizi mu gitondo kandi rimwe na rimwe bigatera ubwoba.

Ubundi bwoko bwa hypersomnia ni ubuhe?

Hypersomnia y'ibanze irimo indwara aho kunanirwa cyane ari ikibazo nyamukuru. Ubwoko bumenyekanye cyane ni narcolepsy, ikaba igira ingaruka ku bantu bagera kuri 1 kuri 2,000, kandi ikunda kuba ifite intege nke z'imitsi ziterwa n'amarangamutima.

Hypersomnia idafite impamvu ni irindi bwoko bw'ibanze aho impamvu igumye itaramenyekana. Abantu bafite iyi ndwara bakunda gusinzira amasaha menshi cyane kandi bagorana cyane gukanguka, rimwe na rimwe bumva bameze nk'abafungiwe mu buriri.

Hypersomnia y'uburyo bwa kabiri iterwa n'ibindi bintu. Apnea yo gusinzira ni impamvu isanzwe - uko guhumeka kwawe guhagarara kenshi mu gihe cyo gusinzira, bikabuza gusinzira neza nubwo uri mu buriri amasaha menshi. Ibihe byo kwiheba, imiti imwe n'imwe, n'indwara z'imitsi bishobora kandi gutera kunanirwa cyane.

Kleine-Levin syndrome ni ubwoko bworoshye cyane bugira ingaruka cyane ku rubyiruko. Irimo ibyiciro byo kunanirwa cyane bikamara iminsi kugeza ku ndwi, bikunze guherekejwe no kwiyongera kw'amatungo n'impinduka mu myitwarire. Hagati y'ibyiciro, imiterere yo gusinzira isubira mu buryo busanzwe.

Impamvu za hypersomnia ni izihe?

Impamvu nyakuri ya hypersomnia y'ibanze ikunze kuguma itaramenyekana, ibyo bishobora gutera umujinya mu gihe uri gushaka ibisubizo. Abashakashatsi bemeza ko bishobora kuba bifitanye isano n'ibibazo by'imiti yo mu bwonko igenzura gusinzira no kubyuka, cyane cyane neurotransmitter yitwa hypocretin.

Hypersomnia y'uburyo bwa kabiri ifite impamvu zisobanuka kurushaho muganga wawe ashobora gukoraho ubushakashatsi:

• Indwara zo gusinzira nka apnea yo gusinzira cyangwa restless leg syndrome
• Indwara nka kwiheba, guhangayika, cyangwa indwara ya bipolar
• Ibibazo by'imitsi birimo imvune z'ubwonko cyangwa uburibwe
• Imiti nka antihistamines, antidepressants, cyangwa imiti yo guhangana n'umujinya
• Ikoreshwa ry'ibiyobyabwenge birimo inzoga cyangwa ibiyobyabwenge byo kwidagadura
• Ibibazo by'imisemburo cyangwa ibibazo bya thyroid
• Chronic fatigue syndrome cyangwa fibromyalgia

Rimwe na rimwe, icyatangira nk'ikibazo cyo gusinzira gitunguranye bitewe n'umunaniro cyangwa indwara bishobora guhinduka hypersomnia ihoraho. Uburyo bwo gusinzira no kubyuka bw'ubwonko bwawe bushobora “gufatwa” mu buryo budasanzwe, bikaba bikenewe ubufasha bw'umwuga kugira ngo busubirwe.

Ni ryari ukwiye kubona muganga kubera hypersomnia?

Ukwiye gutekereza kubona muganga niba kunanirwa cyane bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi ibyumweru birenga bike. Ibi ntibihuye no kuba umunyenga cyangwa utagira ubushake - ahubwo ni ukubona ubufasha bwa muganga ukwiye.

Shaka ubufasha bwa muganga niba ufite imwe muri iyi mibare. Uryama mu gihe utwaye cyangwa mu bikorwa by'ingenzi. Imirimo yawe cyangwa amasomo yawe arangirika bitewe no kunanirwa. Uryama amasaha arenga 10-12 buri gihe ariko ukaguma unaniwe.

Fata ubufasha bwa muganga vuba niba ufite kunanirwa gitunguranye cyane, cyane cyane niba biherekejwe n'intege nke z'imitsi, kubona ibintu bidahari, cyangwa ibyiciro aho udashobora kugenda mu gihe uryamye cyangwa ukanguka. Ibi bishobora kuba ibimenyetso bya narcolepsy cyangwa izindi ndwara zikomeye.

Abo mu muryango wawe cyangwa inshuti zawe bagaragaje impungenge ku miterere yawe yo gusinzira. Rimwe na rimwe abandi babona impinduka mbere yacu, kandi ibyo babona bishobora kugira akamaro mu kubona ubufasha ukeneye.

Ibyago byo kugira hypersomnia ni ibihe?

Ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kongera amahirwe yo kugira hypersomnia, nubwo kugira ibyago ntibisobanura ko uzagira iyo ndwara. Gusobanukirwa ibi bishobora kugufasha wowe na muganga wawe kumenya impamvu zishoboka.

Imyaka igira uruhare mu bwoko bumwe bwa hypersomnia. Narcolepsy ikunda gutangira mu myaka y'ubwangavu cyangwa mu myaka ya makumyabiri, mu gihe izindi ndwara zishobora gutangira mu kigero icyo ari cyo cyose. Amateka y'umuryango na yo afite akamaro - niba abagize umuryango wa hafi bafite indwara zo gusinzira, ushobora kugira ibyago byinshi.

Dore ibyago by'ingenzi ukwiye kumenya:

• Amateka y'umuryango w'indwara zo gusinzira cyangwa narcolepsy
• Amateka yo gukomeretsa umutwe cyangwa kwandura ubwonko
• Indwara zo mu mutwe nka kwiheba cyangwa indwara ya bipolar
• Kuba ufite umubyibuho ukabije, bikongera ibyago bya apnea yo gusinzira
• Guhora ufata imiti imwe n'imwe
• Akazi ko guhora uhindura amasaha cyangwa gahunda yo gusinzira idahwitse
• Indwara zidakira zigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'imitsi

Kuba umugabo byongera gato ibyago by'ubwoko bumwe bwa hypersomnia, cyane cyane narcolepsy ifite cataplexy. Ariko, iyi ndwara igira ingaruka ku bantu b'igitsina cyose, kandi ibintu by'umuntu ku giti cye ni byo by'ingenzi kurusha imibare rusange.

Ingaruka zishoboka za hypersomnia ni izihe?

Hypersomnia idakurikiranwa ishobora kugira ingaruka ku mibereho yawe n'umutekano wawe. Ikibazo cya hafi ni ibyago byiyongereye by'impanuka - kuryama mu gihe utwaye cyangwa ukoresha imashini bishobora kuba bibi kuri wowe n'abandi.

Ubuzima bwawe bw'umuryango n'akazi bishobora kubangamirwa kuko kunanirwa cyane bigira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwawe bwo kwitabira ibikorwa byuzuye no kugumana umusaruro uhamye. Ibi bishobora gutera kwiheba, umujinya, no kugabanuka kw'icyizere.

Ingaruka zishoboka zirimo:

• Impanuka zo mu modoka bitewe no kunanirwa mu gihe utwaye
• Ibisubizo bibi by'akazi cyangwa amasomo
• Ubucuti butameze neza n'umuryango n'inshuti
• Ibyago byiyongereye byo kwiheba no guhangayika
• Kubyibuha bitewe no kugabanuka kw'imikorere
• Ibibazo byo kwibuka no kwibanda
• Kwiheba mu mibanire n'abantu no kugabanuka kw'imibereho

Inkuru nziza ni uko ubuvuzi bukwiye bushobora gukumira ingaruka nyinshi. Abantu benshi bafite hypersomnia bakomeza kubaho ubuzima buzuye kandi butanga umusaruro iyo babonye ubufasha bukwiye kandi bagateza imbere ingamba zo guhangana neza.

Hypersomnia ishobora gukumirwa gute?

Mu gihe udashobora buri gihe gukumira hypersomnia y'ibanze, ushobora gufata ingamba zo kugabanya ibyago bya hypersomnia y'uburyo bwa kabiri no kunoza ubuzima bwawe bwo gusinzira muri rusange. Kugira isuku nziza yo gusinzira ni shingiro ry'imiterere myiza yo gusinzira.

Kugira gahunda yo gusinzira ihamye bifasha kugenzura isaha y'imbere y'umubiri wawe. Gerageza kuryama no gukanguka mu gihe kimwe buri munsi, ndetse no mu mpera z'icyumweru. Ibi bishobora kugaragara nk'ibintu bigoye mu ntangiriro, ariko bishobora kunoza cyane ubuzima bwawe bwo gusinzira mu gihe kirekire.

Dore ingamba zo gukumira zishobora gufasha:

• Kugira gahunda yo gusinzira ihamye, ndetse no mu mpera z'icyumweru
• Kurema ahantu ho kuryama heza, h'umwijima, kandi hatuje
• Kugabanya caffeine n'inzoga, cyane cyane nimugoroba
• Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe, ariko utari hafi yo kuryama
• Guhangana n'umunaniro binyuze mu buryo bwo kuruhuka cyangwa inama
• Kwirinda ibiryo biremereye n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga mbere yo kuryama
• Kwita ku ndwara zidakira vuba

Niba ufata imiti itera kunanirwa, ganira na muganga wawe ku bindi bishobora gusimbura cyangwa guhindura igihe uyifata. Rimwe na rimwe, impinduka nto mu gihe ufata imiti zishobora gutera itandukaniro rikomeye mu kuba maso mu gihe cy'umunsi.

Hypersomnia imenyekanwa ite?

Kumenya hypersomnia bisaba isuzuma ryimbitse ry'imiterere yawe yo gusinzira, amateka yawe y'ubuzima, kandi akenshi ni ubushakashatsi bw'ubusinzire bwihariye. Muganga wawe azashaka gusobanukirwa neza ibyo urimo kunyuramo no guhakana izindi ndwara zishobora gutera ibimenyetso nk'ibyo.

Uburyo busanzwe butangira hamwe n'amateka arambuye yo gusinzira. Muganga wawe azakubaza igihe ujyayo kuryama, igihe bitwara kugira ngo uryame, inshuro zingana ute uhaguruka, igihe ukanguka, n'uko wumva mu gihe cy'umunsi. Kugira icyegeranyo cyo gusinzira ibyumweru 1-2 mbere y'inama yawe bishobora gutanga amakuru y'ingenzi.

Ibizamini byo kuvura bishobora kuba birimo:

• Icyegeranyo cyo gusinzira ibyumweru 1-2
• Ubushakashatsi bwo gusinzira nijoro (polysomnography) kugira ngo harebwe ibikorwa by'ubwonko, guhumeka, n'imyanya
• Ibizamini byinshi byo gusinzira (MSLT) kugira ngo harebwe uburyo wihuta gusinzira mu gihe cy'umunsi
• Ibizamini by'amaraso kugira ngo harebwe indwara z'ibanze
• Isuzuma rya psychologiya kugira ngo harebwe kwiheba cyangwa guhangayika
• Isuzuma ry'ubwonko niba hakekwa impamvu z'imitsi

Ibizamini byinshi byo gusinzira ni ingenzi cyane mu kumenya hypersomnia. Uzaryama mu gihe gito mu gihe cy'umunsi mu gihe urimo gukurikiranwa. Niba uryamye munsi y'iminota 8 muri rusange, bigaragaza kunanirwa cyane.

Ubuvuzi bwa hypersomnia ni ubuhe?

Ubuvuzi bwa hypersomnia biterwa n'impamvu y'ibanze n'ubwoko ufite. Intego ni ugufasha kumva umeze neza mu gihe cy'umunsi no kunoza imibereho yawe muri rusange. Abantu benshi babona iterambere rikomeye hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Kubera hypersomnia y'uburyo bwa kabiri, kuvura indwara y'ibanze akenshi bikemura kunanirwa cyane. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo kuvura apnea yo gusinzira hakoreshejwe imashini ya CPAP, guhindura imiti itera uburwayi, cyangwa guhangana n'ihindagurika ry'imitekerereze.

Uburyo bwo kuvura burimo:

• Imiti ishishikaza nk'imodafinil cyangwa methylphenidate kugira ngo itere ubushake bwo kubyuka
• Antidepressants zishobora gufasha kugenzura uburyo bwo gusinzira no kubyuka
• Sodium oxybate kubwoko bumwe bwa narcolepsy
• Ubuvuzi bwa CPAP niba apnea yo gusinzira igira uruhare mu bimenyetso
• Ubuvuzi bw'umucyo kugira ngo bufashe kugenzura umuvuduko wawe wa circadian
• Ubuvuzi bw'imyitwarire kugira ngo uteze imbere imyifatire myiza yo gusinzira
• Guhindura imibereho harimo kuryama mu gihe giteganijwe

Muganga wawe azakorana nawe kugira ngo abone imiti ikwiye. Bishobora gutwara igihe kugira ngo umenye icyakugirira akamaro, kandi impinduka ni zo zisanzwe uko umubiri wawe usubiza ubuvuzi.

Uburyo bwo guhangana na hypersomnia murugo?

Ingamba zo guhangana murugo zishobora gufasha cyane ubuvuzi bwa muganga kandi zikagufasha kumva ufite ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'iyi ndwara. Ikintu nyamukuru ni ugushyiraho uburyo n'imikorere ifasha gusinzira neza no kuba maso mu gihe cy'umunsi.

Kuryama mu buryo bwihariye bishobora gufasha niba bikozwe neza. Kuryama iminota 20-30 mu masaha ya nyuma ya saa sita bishobora kongera ubushake bwo kubyuka bidahungabanya ijoro ryo gusinzira. Kuryama igihe kirekire bishobora gutera kunanirwa kandi bigatuma bigorana kuryama nijoro.

Ingamba zo guhangana murugo zifasha zirimo:

• Kugumana gahunda yo gusinzira ihamye, ndetse no mu mpera z'icyumweru
• Kuryama mu buryo bwihariye igihe gito (iminota 20-30) niba bikenewe
• Koresha umucyo mwinshi mu gitondo kugira ngo ufashe kubyuka
• Kurema umuco wo kuryama utuje
• Kugumana ibitanda byawe bikonje, by'umwijima, kandi bituje
• Kwima caffeine mu masaha ya nyuma y'umunsi
• Kuguma ukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, ariko utari hafi yo kuryama

Teganya kubwira inshuti zawe, abo mu muryango wawe, cyangwa bagenzi bawe ku ndwara yawe. Kugira ubwumvikane bwabo n'ubufasha bishobora kugabanya umunaniro kandi bigafasha gushyiraho uburyo bwo gufasha igihe bikenewe, nko kwirinda inama zo mu gitondo cyangwa kugira undi muntu utwara igihe unaniwe cyane.

Wategura gute inama yawe na muganga?

Gutegura neza inama yawe bishobora gufasha muganga wawe gusobanukirwa neza uko uhagaze no guteza imbere gahunda y'ubuvuzi ikwiye. Amakuru arambuye ushobora gutanga, ni ko muganga wawe ashobora kumenya neza no kuvura indwara yawe.

Tangira kugira icyegeranyo cyo gusinzira nibura icyumweru kimwe mbere y'inama yawe. Andika igihe ujyayo kuryama, igihe bitwara kugira ngo uryame, inshuro zingana ute uhaguruka, igihe ukanguka, n'uko wumva mu gihe cy'umunsi.

Zana aya makuru ku nama yawe:

• Icyegeranyo cyo gusinzira ibyumweru 1-2
• Urutonde rw'imiti yose n'ibindi byongerwamo ufata
• Amakuru yerekeye gahunda yawe y'akazi n'imibereho yawe
• Amateka y'umuryango w'indwara zo gusinzira
• Ihinduka ryose ry'ubuzima cyangwa ibibazo by'umunaniro mu bihe byashize
• Ibibazo ku buryo bwo kuvura n'icyo ugomba kwitega
• Urutonde rw'ibimenyetso n'uko bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi

Ntuzuzagira ikibazo cyo kuzana umuntu wo mu muryango wawe cyangwa inshuti yabonye imiterere yawe yo gusinzira. Bashobora kubona ibintu utabona, kandi kugira ubufasha mu nama bishobora gufasha mu gutunganya amakuru no kwibuka ibintu by'ingenzi.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya cyane kuri hypersomnia ni iki?

Hypersomnia ni indwara nyakuri igira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi, ariko kandi ivurwa cyane. Ntukennye cyangwa ntufite ubushake - uburyo bwawe bwo gusinzira no kubyuka bw'ubwonko bukenera ubufasha bwa muganga.

Intambwe y'ingenzi ni ukumenya ko kunanirwa cyane atari ibisanzwe no gushaka ubufasha bw'umwuga. Hamwe no kuvura neza, abantu benshi bafite hypersomnia bashobora guhangana n'ibimenyetso byabo neza kandi bagasubiza ubuzima bwabo bwiza.

Wibuke ko kuvura bikunze gutwara igihe kandi bishobora gusaba impinduka. Gira umwanya kuri wowe ubwawe kandi ukore bya hafi n'itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi. Abantu benshi bafite hypersomnia bakomeza kubaho ubuzima buzuye kandi butanga umusaruro iyo babonye uburyo bukwiye bwo kuvura.

Ukwiye kumva umeze neza kandi ufite imbaraga mu gihe uri maso. Ntuzuzagira ikibazo cyo kwita ku buzima bwawe no gushaka ubufasha ukeneye kugira ngo wumve umeze neza.

Ibibazo byakunda kubazwa kuri hypersomnia

Hypersomnia ni kimwe no kuba umunyenga cyangwa ufite ibibazo byo mu mutwe?

Oya, hypersomnia ni indwara nyakuri igira ingaruka ku bushobozi bw'ubwonko bwawe bwo kugenzura gusinzira no kubyuka. Mu gihe kwiheba bishobora gutera hypersomnia, iyo ndwara ubwayo si amakosa cyangwa ubuke bw'ubushake. Ikeneye ubuvuzi bwa muganga, atari ubushake gusa.

Hypersomnia ishobora gukira burundu?

Mu gihe ubwoko bumwe bwa hypersomnia y'uburyo bwa kabiri bushobora gukira havuwe impamvu y'ibanze, hypersomnia y'ibanze ikunze kuba indwara ihoraho isaba guhora igenzurwa. Ariko, abantu benshi bashobora kugera ku iterambere rikomeye ry'ibimenyetso kandi bakabaho ubuzima busanzwe hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Gusinzira igihe kingana iki ni byinshi cyane?

Abantu bakuru benshi bakeneye amasaha 7-9 yo gusinzira buri joro. Niba uhora usinzira amasaha arenga 10-12 kandi ukaguma unaniwe mu gihe cy'umunsi, cyangwa niba uryamye mu bihe bidakwiye, bishobora kugaragaza hypersomnia. Ikintu nyamukuru si igihe cyo gusinzira gusa, ahubwo ni uko wumva kandi ukora mu gihe uri maso.

Abana bashobora kugira hypersomnia?

Yego, abana n'abangavu bashobora kugira hypersomnia, nubwo atari byoroshye nk'uko biri ku bakuru. Narcolepsy ikunda gutangira mu myaka y'ubwangavu, kandi Kleine-Levin syndrome ikunda kugira ingaruka ku rubyiruko. Niba umwana wawe asa n'unanirwe cyane nubwo aryama igihe gikwiye, shaka ubufasha bw'abaganga b'abana cyangwa abahanga mu gusinzira.

Nzashobora gutwara imodoka neza mfite hypersomnia?

Umutekano wo gutwara imodoka biterwa n'uko hypersomnia yawe igenzurwa neza hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi. Hypersomnia idakurikiranwa yongera cyane ibyago by'impanuka, bityo ni ngombwa gukorana na muganga wawe kugira ngo ugenzure ibimenyetso neza. Bamwe mu bantu bashobora kuba bakeneye guhagarika gutwara by'agateganyo kugeza igihe indwara yabo igenzurwa neza, abandi bashobora gutwara neza hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye n'uburyo bwo kwirinda.