Uburwayi Bwo Guturika Kenshi
Incamake
Indwara yo guturika kenshi isobanura imyitwarire y’ubugizi bwa nabi, iy’ubukana, cyangwa imvugo z’uburakari, idateguwe, igaragara kenshi. Ibyo bikorwa biba birengeje urugero ugereranyije n’aho biri. Kugira umujinya mu muhanda, guhohotera mu rugo, gutera ibintu cyangwa kubimenagura, cyangwa ibindi bimenyetso by’uburakari bishobora kuba ibimenyetso by’indwara yo guturika kenshi.
Ibyo bitero by’uburakari, biba rimwe na rimwe, biterwa n’akababaro gakomeye. Bishobora kwangiza umubano, kandi bikaba intandaro y’ibibazo mu kazi cyangwa ku ishuri. Bishobora kandi gutera ibibazo n’amategeko.
Indwara yo guturika kenshi ni indwara irambye ishobora kumara imyaka myinshi. Ariko ubukana bw’ibitero bushobora kugabanuka uko umuntu akura. Ivuriro ririmo kuvugana n’abaganga n’imiti kugira ngo ubashe kugenzura ibyiyumvo byawe by’ubukana.
Ibimenyetso
Ibitero by’umujinya n’amaganya akomeye biba mu buryo butunguranye, nta kimenyetso cyangwa gito cyabibaburiye. Bisanzwe biba iminota iri munsi ya 30. Ibi bintu bishobora kuba kenshi cyangwa bikaba byatandukanywa n’ibyumweru cyangwa amezi. Amaganya cyangwa ibitero by’umubiri bidafite imbaraga nyinshi bishobora kuba hagati y’ibi bihe. Ushobora kuba uri umujiji, uhita ukora ibintu, ukagira ubukana cyangwa ukagira umujinya igihe kinini. Mbere y’igitero cy’ubukana, ushobora kumva: Uburakari. Kutagira umutuzo. Ingufu nyinshi n’umuvuduko. Ibitekerezo byihuse. Kugira ubukonje. Kuhagarara. Gukubita cyane kw’umutima. Kubabara mu gituza. Amaganya n’imyitwarire itunguranye bikabije cyane ku mimerere, nta gitekerezo cy’icyo gishobora kubaho. Ibyo bitero bishobora kuba: Kugira umujinya. Ibiganiro birebire by’uburakari. Impaka zikaze. Gutaka. Gukubita, gushotora cyangwa gusunika. Gukubitana. Kwica ibintu. Gutegeka cyangwa gukomeretsa abantu cyangwa inyamaswa. Ushobora kumva utekanye kandi unaniwe nyuma y’igitero. Nyuma yaho, ushobora kumva ufite icyaha, wihannye ku bikorwa byawe cyangwa ukacogora. Niba wibonye mu myitwarire yawe mu buryo bwo kuvura indwara y’umujinya, hamagara muganga wawe cyangwa undi muhanga mu buvuzi kugira ngo mubone uko mwakwitwara. Nanone ushobora gusaba ko woherezwa ku muhanga mu buvuzi bwo mu mutwe.
Igihe cyo kubona umuganga
Niba wibonamo imyitwarire yawe mu buryo bwo kuvura indwara y'uburakari butunguranye, hamagara muganga wawe cyangwa undi wita ku buzima kugira ngo mubiganireho uko wakwirinda. Ushobora kandi gusaba ko baguha umuntu uzi kuvura indwara zo mu mutwe.
Impamvu
Indwara y'ubusabane budasanzwe ishobora gutangira mu bwana - nyuma y'imyaka 6 - cyangwa mu myaka y'ubwangavu. Igaragara cyane mu rubyiruko kurusha mu bakuze. Ntabwo amazi y'iyi ndwara azwi. Ishobora guterwa n'imibereho, imyifatire yigishijwe, igene, cyangwa itandukaniro mu bwonko.
- Imibereho. Abantu benshi bafite iyi ndwara bakuze mu miryango aho imyitwarire y'ubusabane n'ihohoterwa mu magambo no mu bikorwa byari bisanzwe. Abana babona cyangwa banyura muri ubwo bwoko bw'ihohoterwa hakiri kare bafite ibyago byinshi byo kugira iyo myitwarire uko bakura.
- Igene. Igene rishobora kugira uruhare. Hashobora kubaho igene rifite aho rihuriye no guhita ukaze cyane ku guhangayika. Iri gene rishobora guherwa ababyeyi ku bana.
- Itandukaniro mu mikorere y'ubwonko. Hashobora kubaho itandukaniro mu buryo bwo gukora, imikorere na chimie y'ubwonko mu bantu bafite indwara y'ubusabane budasanzwe ugereranije n'ubwonko bw'abantu badafite iyo ndwara.
Ingaruka zishobora guteza
Ibi bintu bikurikira bizamura ibyago byo kwibasirwa n'uburwayi bwo guturika k'umujinya (IED):
- Amateka y'ihohoterwa ry'umubiri. Guhohoterwa mu bwana, gutotezwa, cyangwa kunyura mu bintu bidahwitse, biteye ubwoba cyangwa bibabaza bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira uburwayi bwo guturika k'umujinya.
- Amateka y'izindi ndwara zo mu mutwe. Kugira uburwayi bwo kwanga imico y'abantu cyangwa uburwayi bwo kutabona aho uhagaze (borderline personality disorder) bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira uburwayi bwo guturika k'umujinya. Ni nako bimeze ku zindi ndwara zirimo imyitwarire idahwitse, nko kudakunda kwicara (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder - ADHD). Ibibazo by'inzoga n'ibiyobyabwenge na byo bishobora kuba ikintu cyongera ibyago.
Ingaruka
Abantu bafite indwara y’uburakari budasanzwe bafite ibyago byinshi byo kugira: Ibibazo mu mibanire. Abandi bakunda gutekereza ko abantu bafite indwara y’uburakari budasanzwe bahora bababara. Intambara z’amagambo cyangwa ihohoterwa rikorerwa ku mubiri bishobora kuba kenshi. Ibyo bikorwa bishobora gutera ibibazo mu mibanire, ubutane n’umuryango, no guhangayika mu muryango. Ibibazo ku kazi, mu rugo cyangwa ku ishuri. Ingaruka z’indwara y’uburakari budasanzwe zishobora kuba harimo kubura akazi, guhagarikwa kwiga, impanuka z’imodoka, ibibazo by’amafaranga cyangwa ibibazo n’amategeko. Ibibazo by’imimerere. Indwara z’imimerere nka deppresiyo n’ihungabana bikunda kugaragara hamwe n’indwara y’uburakari budasanzwe. Ibibazo byo kunywa inzoga n’ibiyobyabwenge. Ibibazo byo kunywa inzoga cyangwa ibiyobyabwenge bikunda kugaragara hamwe n’indwara y’uburakari budasanzwe. Ibibazo by’ubuzima bw’umubiri. Indwara z’umubiri zikunda kugaragara kandi zishobora kuba, urugero, umuvuduko ukabije w’amaraso, diyabete, indwara z’umutima n’umwijima, uburwayi bw’igifu, n’ububabare buhoraho. Kwibabaza. Kwibabaza cyangwa kugerageza kwiyahura bibaho rimwe na rimwe.
Kwirinda
Niba ufite ikibazo cyo guturika kenshi, gukumira bishobora kuba birenze ubushobozi bwawe keretse ubonye ubuvuzi bw’umuganga w’indwara zo mu mutwe. Nyuma yo gutangira kuvurwa, kurikiza gahunda kandi ukore imyitozo y’ubumenyi wiga. Niba umuti wagutegetswe, komeza uwunywe. Ntukoreshe inzoga cyangwa ibiyobyabwenge. Iyo bishoboka, va cyangwa wirinde ibintu bikubabaza. Nanone, guteganya igihe cyihariye kugira ngo ugabanye umunaniro bishobora kugufasha guhangana neza n’ikibazo cy’umunaniro cyangwa ikibazo kigoye kigiye kuza.
Kupima
Kugira ngo hamenyekane indwara yo guturika kenshi no guhakana izindi ndwara zishobora kuba ziterwa n'ibimenyetso byawe, umuhanga mu buvuzi arashobora:
- Gukora isuzuma ngaruka mbere. Ibi bishobora gukorwa kugira ngo harebwe ibibazo by'umubiri cyangwa ikoreshwa ry'inzoga cyangwa ibiyobyabwenge bishobora kongera cyangwa gutera ibimenyetso byawe. Ibizamini byawe bishobora kuba birimo ibizamini bya laboratoire.
- Gukora isuzuma rya santé mentale. Uganira n'umuhanga mu buvuzi ku bimenyetso byawe, ibitekerezo, ibyiyumvo n'imyitwarire.
Uburyo bwo kuvura
Nta buvuzi bumwe bwiza kuri buri wese ufite ikibazo cyo guturika kudasanzwe. Ubuvuzi busanzwe burimo kuvugana n'abaganga, bita kandi psychotherapy, n'imiti.
Ibiganiro by'umuntu ku giti cye cyangwa mu matsinda byibanda ku kubaka ubushobozi bishobora gufasha. Ubwoko bwa terapi bukunzwe gukoreshwa, terapi yitwa cognitive behavioral therapy, ifasha abantu bafite ikibazo cyo guturika kudasanzwe:
- Kumenya ibintu bibitera. Menya ibibazo cyangwa imyitwarire ishobora gutera igikorwa cyo guhohotera.
- Kumenyereza uburyo bwo kuruhuka. Gukoresha buri gihe guhumeka kwijoro, kwishimira amashusho cyangwa yoga bishobora kugufasha kuguma utuje.
- Guteza imbere uburyo bushya bwo gutekereza. Bita kandi cognitive restructuring, ibi bisobanura kugira ubushobozi bwo gutekereza ku kibazo giteye agahinda mu buryo bushya cyangwa butandukanye. Ufashijwe n'umwuga, wiga kubikora binyuze mu kumenya ibitekerezo n'ibyiringiro bidakwiye kandi ubihindura kugira ngo bibe byiza. Izi tekinike zishobora kunoza uko ubona kandi ukora ku kibazo.
- Gukoresha igisubizo cy'ibibazo. Tegura uburyo bwo gukemura ikibazo giteye agahinda binyuze mu kugaragaza uko utekereza aho guhohotera. Nubwo utazashobora gukemura ikibazo ako kanya, kugira gahunda bishobora kongera imbaraga zawe.
- Kumenya uburyo bwo kunoza itumanaho. Tega amatwi ubutumwa undi muntu ari kugerageza gusangira. Hanyuma tekereza ku gisubizo cyawe cyiza aho kuvuga ikintu cya mbere kiza mu mutwe.
Hagati y'ibyiciro bya terapi, kora buri gihe ubushobozi bwize.
Bamwe mu bantu bakeneye gufata imiti igihe kirekire kugira ngo bafashe kwirinda guturika.
Igice cyo kuvurwa kwawe gishobora kuba kirimo:
- Guhindura imyitwarire y'ibibazo yigishijwe. Kwitwara neza n'uburakari ni imyitwarire yigishijwe. Kora ubushobozi bwize muri terapi kugira ngo ugufashe kumenya icyatera guturika kwawe n'uburyo bwo kubisubiza mu buryo bukubereye aho kugukomeretsa.
- Kurema gahunda. Korana na muganga wawe cyangwa umwuga wo kuvura mu mutwe kugira ngo muteze imbere gahunda y'ibikorwa igihe wumva uri kugira uburakari. Urugero, niba utekereza ko ushobora kutagira aho uhera, gerageza kwivana muri icyo kibazo. Genda ugenda cyangwa wahamagare inshuti yizewe kugira ngo ugerageze gutuza.
- Kunoza kwita ku buzima bwawe. Kuryama neza, gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri no gukora imyitozo yo guhangana n'umunaniro buri munsi bishobora kugufasha kunoza kwihangana kwawe.
- Kwirinda inzoga cyangwa ibiyobyabwenge byo mu muhanda. Ibi bishobora kukugira umuntu w'umugome kandi bikongera ibyago byo guturika.
Ikibabaje ni uko bamwe mu bantu bafite ikibazo cyo guturika kudasanzwe batavurwa. Niba uri mu rukundo n'umuntu ufite ikibazo cyo guturika kudasanzwe, fata ingamba zo kwirinda, abana bawe n'amatungo yawe. Ihohoterwa si amakosa yawe. Nta muntu ukwiye guhohoterwa.
Niba ubona ko ikibazo kirimo kuba kibi kandi ukagira amakenga yuko umukunzi wawe ashobora kuba agiye guturika, gerageza kwivanaho n'abana bawe muri icyo kibazo. Ariko kuva ku muntu ufite umujinya mwinshi bishobora kuba bibi. Ni byiza kugira gahunda mbere y'uko ikibazo kiba.
Teganya gufata ibi bintu mbere y'uko ikibazo kiba:
- Hamagara umurongo wa telefoni ufasha abantu bahoterewe mu rugo cyangwa ahantu ho gucumbikira kugira ngo ubone inama. Ibi bikorwe igihe umuntu uhohotera atakiri murugo cyangwa uvuga kuri telefoni y'inshuti.
- Komeza imbunda zose zifunze cyangwa zihishe. Ntugahe umuntu uhohotera urufunguzo cyangwa umubare w'urufunguzo.
- Paka isakoshi y'ibintu byihutirwa irimo ibintu uzakenera igihe ugiye. Harimo imyenda y'inyongera, imfunguzo, impapuro z'umuntu ku giti cye, imiti n'amafaranga. Uyihise cyangwa uyishyire ku mugenzi wawe cyangwa umuturanyi w'umunyamuryango.
- Bwira umuturanyi wawe cyangwa inshuti yizewe ku bijyanye n'ihohoterwa kugira ngo uwo muntu ashobore guhamagara ubufasha niba afite impungenge.
- Menya aho ugiye n'uburyo uzahanyura niba wumva uhatirwa, nubwo bisobanura ko ugomba kuva mu rugo rwawe mu gicuku. Ushobora kwifuza kumenyereza kuva mu rugo rwawe neza.
- Kora ijambo ry'ibanga cyangwa ikimenyetso cy'amaso bisobanura ko ukeneye polisi. Ubisangize inshuti, umuryango n'abana bawe.
Ibi bikurikira bishobora gufasha:
- Police. Mu gihe cy'akaga, hamagara 911, nimero y'ubufasha bw'aho uba cyangwa ikigo cya polisi cy'aho uba.
- Itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi cyangwa ishami ry'ibitaro ry'ubufasha bw'ibitaro. Niba wakomerekeye, abaganga bashobora kuvura no kwandika ibikomere byawe. Bashobora kukumenyesha uburyo ubufasha bwo mu gace kawe bushobora kugufasha kuguma mu mutekano.
- Umurongo wa telefoni ufasha abantu bahoterewe mu rugo: 1-800-799-SAFE (1-800-799-7233). Uyu murongo wa telefoni uraboneka kugira ngo ufashe mu gihe cy'akaga no kohereza abantu ku bufasha, nko mu mahoteli, inama n'amatsinda y'ubufasha.
- Ahantu ho gucumbikira abantu bahoterewe mu rugo cyangwa ikigo gifasha mu gihe cy'akaga. Amahoteli n'ibigo bifasha mu gihe cy'akaga bisanzwe bitanga amacumbi y'ubufasha amasaha 24. Bashobora kandi kugira abakozi bashobora gutanga inama ku bibazo by'amategeko n'ibikorwa byo gushyigikira no gufasha.
- Ikigo cy'ubujyanama cyangwa ikigo kivura mu mutwe. Akarere kenshi gatanga ubujyanamana n'amatsinda y'ubufasha ku bantu bari mu rukundo ruhohoterwa.
- Urukiko rw'aho uba. Urukiko rw'aho uba rushobora kugufasha kubona itegeko rihagarika umuntu uhohotera rikategeka ko atagukurikira cyangwa agafungwa. Abavoka bo mu gace kawe bashobora kuboneka kugira ngo bagufashe kuyoborwa muri uwo mukino. Ushobora kandi gutanga ikirego cyo gukubita cyangwa ibindi birego igihe bibaye ngombwa.
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