Indwara y'ibihaha zo hagati ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n'Ubuvuzi

Indwara y'ibihaha zo hagati (ILD) ivuga ku ndwara zikomeretsa kandi zigatuma ibice by'ibihaha byuzuzwa utubuto, bigatuma umwuka ugomba kwinjira mu mubiri utabasha kubigeraho neza. Utekereze ko ibihaha byawe byuzuzwa ibice bikomeye, bikagorana ko umwuka uvana mu bihaha ugera mu maraso.

Iyi ndwara ikora ku gice cy'ibihaha cyitwa interstitium, kikaba ari igice gito cyane gishinzwe gushyigikira utubuto tw'ibihaha. Iyo iki gice cyuzuye cyangwa kikomeretse, ibihaha byawe ntibikora neza.

Ibimenyetso by'indwara y'ibihaha zo hagati ni ibihe?

Ikimenyetso cya mbere ushobora kubona ni uguhema, cyane cyane iyo ukora imyitozo nk'uko urwego rw'imisozi cyangwa ugutembera. Ibi biterwa n'uko ibihaha byawe bikora cyane kugira ngo umwuka uboneke mu mubiri.

Dore ibimenyetso by'ingenzi bishobora kuza buhoro buhoro:

• Ukohoka gahoraho kudatanga ibinure
• Guhema mu gihe cy'imyitozo cyangwa mu bikorwa bya buri munsi
• Uburwayi n'umunaniro udakunze kubaho
• Kubabara mu gituza cyangwa gufata
• Kubura ubushake bwo kurya no kugabanya ibiro bitateganijwe
• Iminwe y'amaboko ikaba minini kandi yuzuye (iminwe iba minini kandi yuzuye ku ntangiriro)

Ibi bimenyetso bikunda kuza buhoro buhoro mu mezi cyangwa imyaka, ariyo mpamvu abantu benshi batabibona nk'ibimenyetso by'imyaka cyangwa uburwayi. Kubera ko ibi bimenyetso biza buhoro buhoro, ni ngombwa kwita ku buryo wumva.

Ubwoko bw'indwara y'ibihaha zo hagati ni ubuhe?

Hari ubwoko burenze 200 bw'indwara z'ibihaha zo hagati, ariko muri rusange zigabanywamo ibice bike. Gusobanukirwa ubwoko bwazo bishobora kugufasha gusobanukirwa uburwayi bwawe n'uburyo bwo kuvurwa.

Ubwoko busanzwe harimo:

• Fibrose ya pulmoni idiopatike (IPF) - Ubwoko busanzwe cyane aho intandaro itazwi
• Sarcoidose - Itera kubyimbagira mu ngingo nyinshi, harimo n'ibihaha
• Pneumonitis y'ubwirinzi bwinshi - Iterwa no guhumeka utubuto cyangwa ibintu bimwe na bimwe
• ILD ifitanye isano n'indwara z'imiterere y'umubiri - Ifitanye isano n'indwara nk'indwara ya rhumatoïde
• ILD iterwa n'imiti - Iterwa na imiti imwe na imwe
• Indwara y'ibihaha iterwa n'akazi - Iterwa no kwandura ibintu bibangamira ubuzima mu kazi

Ubwoko buke harimo lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), ikunda kwibasira abagore, na Langerhans cell histiocytosis, ikunda gufatirana no kunywa itabi. Buri bwoko bufite uburyo bwo gutera imbere n'uburyo bwo kuvurwa.

Intandaro y'indwara y'ibihaha zo hagati ni iyihe?

Intandaro z'indwara y'ibihaha zo hagati zitandukanye cyane, kandi rimwe na rimwe abaganga ntibashobora kumenya icyayiteye. Iyo intandaro itabonetse, bitwa “idiopatike,” bisobanura “bitazwi”.

Ibintu byo mu kirere n'ibyo mu kazi ni bimwe mu bintu bishobora kwangiza ibihaha byawe mu gihe kinini:

• Ubutaka bwa azibestos ukomoka ku nyubako
• Ubutaka bwa silika ukomoka ku bucukuzi, gukuraho ibyondo, cyangwa guca amabuye
• Ubutaka bwa karubone ukomoka ku bucukuzi
• Imyanda y'inyoni cyangwa iribwa ryazo (indwara y'ibihaha y'abakunda inyoni)
• Udukoko tw'ibinyampeke ukomoka mu myanya y'ubushuhe
• Ubutaka bw'ibyuma ukomoka ku gusudira cyangwa gukora ibyuma

Imiti imwe na imwe ishobora kandi gutera kubyimbagira mu bihaha, harimo imiti yo kuvura kanseri, imiti y'umutima, n'antibiyotike. Indwara ziterwa n'ubwirinzi bw'umubiri nk'indwara ya rhumatoïde cyangwa scleroderma zishobora gutuma ubwirinde bwawe bugaba ku bihaha byawe.

Ibintu by'umurage bishobora gutuma bamwe bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara ILD, cyane cyane niba abagize umuryango wabo barwaye indwara zimeze nk'izo. Kunywa itabi byongera ibyago byinshi kandi bishobora kurushaho kubihaza.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera indwara y'ibihaha zo hagati?

Ukwiye kuvugana na muganga wawe niba ufite uguhema gahoraho kudakira iyo uhagaritse gukora, cyane cyane niba bigukomeretsa mu bikorwa byawe bya buri munsi. Kumenya hakiri kare bishobora kugira uruhare rukomeye mu gucunga iyi ndwara.

Shaka ubufasha bw'abaganga vuba niba ubona:

• Guhema bikomeye mu byumweru cyangwa amezi
• Ukohoka gahoraho ibyumweru birenga bike
• Umunaniro udakunze kubaho ubuza gukora ibikorwa bisanzwe
• Kubabara mu gituza cyangwa gufata
• Impinduka ku iminwe y'amaboko

Hamagara ubufasha bw'abaganga vuba niba ufite uguhema cyane iyo uhagaritse gukora, kubabara mu gituza, cyangwa niba iminwa yawe cyangwa iminwe yawe ibaye y'ubururu. Ibi bimenyetso bigaragaza ko urwego rw'umwuka mu mubiri rwawe rushobora kuba ruke cyane kandi bikaba bikenewe ubufasha bw'ihutirwa.

Ibyago byo kurwara indwara y'ibihaha zo hagati ni ibihe?

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara y'ibihaha zo hagati, nubwo kugira ibyago ntibibuza ko uzayirwara. Gusobanukirwa ibi bintu bishobora kugufasha gufata ingamba zo kwirinda aho bishoboka.

Imyaka n'igitsina bigira uruhare runini, kuko ILD ikunda kwibasira abantu barengeje imyaka 50, hamwe n'ubwoko bumwe na bumwe busanzwe mu bagabo cyangwa abagore:

• Immyaka irengeje 50
• Igitsina gabo kuri fibrose ya pulmoni idiopatike
• Igitsina gore kuri lymphangioleiomyomatosis
• Amateka yo kunywa itabi (abanywa itabi ubu cyangwa bahoze banywa)
• Amateka y'indwara z'ibihaha mu muryango
• Kwibasirwa n'ibintu byangiza ibidukikije cyangwa ubutaka
• Indwara zimwe na zimwe ziterwa n'ubwirinzi bw'umubiri
• Indwara ya gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)

Akaga ko gukora imirimo runaka kongera ibyago, cyane cyane ku bantu bakora mu bucukuzi, kubaka, ubuhinzi, cyangwa gukora. Nubwo kwibasirwa n'ibintu bibangamira ubuzima mu gihe gito ariko bikomeye bishobora rimwe na rimwe gutera ikibazo mu bihaha nyuma y'imyaka myinshi.

Ingaruka zishoboka z'indwara y'ibihaha zo hagati ni izihe?

Nubwo abantu benshi barwaye indwara y'ibihaha zo hagati bashobora kugira ubuzima bwiza bafite ubuvuzi bukwiye, iyi ndwara ishobora gutera ingaruka zikomeye niba idakurikiranwa cyangwa niba itera imbere vuba.

Ingaruka zikomeye harimo:

• Hypertension ya pulmoni - Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso mu bihaha ukomeretsa umutima
• Gucika intege kw'umutima w'iburyo - Iyo umutima utaremeza amaraso neza mu bihaha
• Gucika intege kw'ibihaha - Iyo ibihaha bitashobora gutanga umwuka uhagije mu mubiri
• Kanser y'ibihaha - Ubwoko bumwe bwa ILD bwiyongera ibyago bya kanseri
• Ibisasu by'amaraso - Ibyago byinshi by'ibisasu by'amaraso mu mitsi y'ibihaha
• Ibihaha byuzuye (pneumothorax) - Umuyaga winjira mu kibaya kiri hafi y'ibihaha

Ingaruka nke ariko zikomeye harimo indwara zikomeye ziterwa n'ubwirinzi bw'ibihaha bucye n'ibisasu by'amaraso mu bihaha. Gukurikiranwa n'abaganga bufasha kubona izi ngaruka hakiri kare igihe zivurwa neza.

Indwara y'ibihaha zo hagati ishobora kwirindwa gute?

Nubwo utazi kwirinda ubwoko bwose bw'indwara y'ibihaha zo hagati, cyane cyane izifitanye isano n'umurage, ushobora kugabanya ibyago byinshi uzirikana ibintu byayiteza kandi ukagira ubuzima bwiza.

Uburyo bwiza bwo kwirinda bugamije kurinda ibihaha byawe kwangirika:

• Reka kunywa itabi kandi wirinda itabi rya kabiri
• Koresha ibikoresho byo kwirinda mu kazi niba uhura n'ubutaka cyangwa ibintu byangiza
• Kugira umwuka mwiza mu rugo no mu kazi
• Kugendera ku mabwiriza y'umutekano mu gihe ukoresha ibintu bishobora kwangiza
• Kwita ku ndwara ya gastroesophageal reflux niba uyifite
• Kwirinda indwara z'ibihaha

Niba ukora imirimo ikomeye nk'ubucukuzi, kubaka, cyangwa gukora, gupima ibihaha buri gihe bishobora gufasha kubona impinduka hakiri kare mbere y'uko ibimenyetso bigaragara. Kubona hakiri kare bikunda gutuma hagira ibyiza kandi habaho uburyo bwo kuvura.

Indwara y'ibihaha zo hagati imenyekanwa ite?

Kumenya indwara y'ibihaha zo hagati bisaba ibipimo byinshi kuko ibimenyetso bishobora kumera nk'iby'izindi ndwara z'ibihaha. Muganga wawe azatangira akuze amateka yawe y'ubuzima n'isuzuma ry'umubiri, akita cyane ku buryo uhema n'amajwi y'ibihaha.

Uburyo bwo kumenya busanzwe burimo ibizamini by'ingenzi:

• Amafoto y'ibihaha - Bigaragaza imiterere y'ibihaha n'ibikomere
• CT scan ifite ubushobozi bwo kureba neza - Itanga amafoto y'ibihaha
• Ibizamini byo gupima uko ibihaha bikora - Bipima uko ibihaha byawe bikora
• Ibizamini by'amaraso - Bipima ibimenyetso by'indwara ziterwa n'ubwirinzi bw'umubiri n'uburyo bwo kubyimbagira
• Bronchoscopy - Ikorerwa kureba neza imitsi y'ibihaha
• Biopsy y'ibihaha - Ifata ibice bito by'ibihaha kugira ngo bipimwe

Muganga wawe ashobora kandi gutegeka echocardiogram kugira ngo apime uko umutima wawe ukora, kuko indwara y'ibihaha ishobora kugira ingaruka ku mutima wawe mu gihe kinini. Rimwe na rimwe, gupima umurage birakenewe niba hari amateka y'indwara z'ibihaha mu muryango.

Uburyo bwo kumenya bushobora kumara ibyumweru cyangwa amezi, kuko abaganga bagomba kureba izindi ndwara no kumenya ubwoko bwa ILD ufite. Ubu buryo bufasha kugira ngo ubone ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Ubuvuzi bw'indwara y'ibihaha zo hagati ni ubuhe?

Ubuvuzi bw'indwara y'ibihaha zo hagati bugamije kugabanya iterambere ry'indwara, gucunga ibimenyetso, no kugumana ubuzima bwiza. Uburyo bwihariye biterwa n'ubwoko bwa ILD ufite n'uko bwagenze igihe bimenyekanye.

Imiti niyo shingiro ry'ubuvuzi bw'ubwoko bwinshi bwa ILD:

• Imiti yo kurwanya fibrose - Igabanya ibikomere muri fibrose ya pulmoni idiopatike
• Corticosteroids - Igabanya kubyimbagira mu bwoko bw'indwara ziterwa n'uburyo bwo kubyimbagira
• Imiti igabanya ubwirinde bw'umubiri - Igenzura indwara ziterwa n'ubwirinzi bw'umubiri
• Ubuvuzi bw'umwuka - Bufasha kugumana urwego rw'umwuka uhagije
• Bronchodilators - Ifungura imitsi y'ibihaha kugira ngo ubemeze guhumeka

Gahunda zo kuvugurura ibihaha zifatanya imyitozo ngororamubiri, uburyo bwo guhumeka, n'ubumenyi kugira ngo bigufashe gucunga ibikorwa byawe bya buri munsi neza. Izi gahunda zishobora kunoza imbaraga zawe n'ubuzima bwawe.

Ku barwaye cyane, gusimbuza ibihaha bishobora kuba ikintu gikenewe niba ufite ubuzima bwiza bwo kubagwa kandi uhuye n'ibisabwa. Iki kintu gishobora gukiza ubuzima bw'abantu barwaye indwara itera imbere vuba.

Uko wacunga indwara y'ibihaha zo hagati iwawe

Gucaunga indwara y'ibihaha zo hagati iwawe bisaba guhindura imibereho yawe kugira ngo ushyigikire ubuzima bw'ibihaha byawe n'imibereho yawe muri rusange. Impinduka nto mu mibereho yawe ya buri munsi zishobora kugira uruhare rukomeye mu buryo wumva.

Uburyo bwo guhumeka no kubungabunga imbaraga bifasha cyane:

• Koresha uburyo bwo guhumeka bukoresha iminwa kugira ngo wongere umwuka
• Koresha imyitozo yo guhumeka buri munsi
• Jya uhagarara mu gihe cy'ibikorwa kandi ujye ufata ibiruhuko
• Gufata imiti yo gutabara n'ibikoresho by'umwuka hafi
• Kugira imyanya myiza kugira ngo ibihaha bifunguke
• Kunywa amazi menshi kugira ngo ibinure by'ibihaha bibashe kuva

Guhindura ibintu mu rugo rwawe bishobora kugabanya kubyimbagira mu bihaha no koroshya guhumeka. Gukomeza ahantu hatuye hafunguwe, gukoresha ibikoresho byo gutunganya umwuka niba bikenewe, no kwirinda impumuro cyangwa ibintu byangiza.

Imikino yoroheje ya buri munsi, nk'uko muganga wawe abyemeje, ifasha kugumana imbaraga z'imikaya n'ubuzima bw'umutima. No gutembera gato cyangwa gukora imyitozo yoroheje bishobora kugira akamaro niba bikorwa buri gihe.

Uko wakwitegura kujya kwa muganga

Kwita ku kujya kwa muganga bifasha kugira ngo ubone ibyiza byinshi mu ruzinduko rwawe kandi bitange amakuru akenewe ku ndwara yawe. Kwitegura neza bishobora gutuma hakorwa isuzuma ryiza kandi hafashwe ibyemezo byiza byo kuvura.

Mbere y'uruzinduko rwawe, kora amakuru akenewe ku bimenyetso byawe n'amateka yawe y'ubuzima:

• Andika igihe ibimenyetso byatangiye n'uko byahindutse
• Andika imiti yose, ibintu byongera imbaraga, n'umwanya wabyo ukoresha
• Andika ibintu byo mu kirere cyangwa mu kazi byakubasirye
• Tegura ibibazo ku ndwara yawe n'uburyo bwo kuvura
• Zana ibisubizo by'ibizamini byabanje n'amafoto
• Zana amateka y'indwara z'ibihaha cyangwa iziterwa n'ubwirinzi bw'umubiri mu muryango

Tegereza kuzana umuntu wo mu muryango cyangwa incuti kugira ngo afashe kwibuka amakuru yavuzwe mu gihe cy'uruzinduko. Kugira undi muntu uri aho bishobora gufasha cyane mu gihe uganira ku buryo bwo kuvura cyangwa ibisubizo by'ibizamini.

Andika ibibazo byawe by'ingenzi mbere, kuko byoroshye kubibagirwa mu gihe cy'uruzinduko. Ntukabe ikibazo cyo gusaba ibisobanuro niba hari ikintu kitumvikana.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya cyane ku ndwara y'ibihaha zo hagati

Indwara y'ibihaha zo hagati ifite ubwoko bwinshi bw'indwara ziterwa no kubyimbagira mu bihaha no gukomeretsa, ariko ubuvuzi bukwiye n'uburyo bwo kuvura, abantu benshi bashobora kugira ubuzima bwiza. Kumenya ibimenyetso hakiri kare no gushaka ubufasha bw'abaganga vuba ni ingenzi kugira ngo hagira ibyiza.

Nubwo ILD ishobora kuba indwara ikomeye, iterambere mu gusobanukirwa no kuvura ryatumye habaho impinduka nziza ku barwayi benshi. Gukorana n'abaganga bawe, gukurikiza gahunda yo kuvura, no guhindura imibereho yawe bishobora kugufasha gucunga iyi ndwara neza.

Wibuke ko uburambe bwa buri muntu kuri ILD butandukanye, kandi icyakorera umuntu kimwe gishobora kudakora ku wundi. Komereza gukorana n'abaganga bawe, ubaze ibibazo, kandi ntutinye gushaka ubufasha igihe ubikeneye.

Ibibazo bikunze kubaho ku ndwara y'ibihaha zo hagati

Q1. Ese indwara y'ibihaha zo hagati ihora yica?

Oya, indwara y'ibihaha zo hagati ntihora yica. Nubwo ubwoko bumwe nk'fibrose ya pulmoni idiopatike ikunda gutera imbere vuba, abantu benshi barwaye ILD babaho imyaka myinshi bafite ubuvuzi bukwiye n'uburyo bwo kuyicunga. Ibyitezwe biterwa cyane n'ubwoko bwa ILD, uko bamenyekanye hakiri kare, n'uko ugendera ku buvuzi.

Q2. Ese indwara y'ibihaha zo hagati irakirwa?

Ubu, nta muti w'ubwoko bwinshi bw'indwara y'ibihaha zo hagati, ariko ubuvuzi bushobora kugabanya iterambere ryayo no kunoza ubuzima. Ubwoko bumwe buterwa n'ibintu byihariye bushobora gukira iyo ibyo bintu byakuweho. Intego y'ubuvuzi ni ugucunga ibimenyetso, kugabanya iterambere ry'indwara, no kugumana ubushobozi bwawe bwo gukora ibikorwa bya buri munsi.

Q3. Ese indwara y'ibihaha zo hagati itera imbere vuba gute?

Umuvuduko wo gutera imbere utandukanye cyane bitewe n'ubwoko bwa ILD n'ibintu byihariye. Ubwoko bumwe butera imbere buhoro buhoro mu myaka myinshi, mu gihe ubundi nk'indwara ya pneumonie ya interstitielle ikomeza vuba mu byumweru cyangwa amezi. Fibrose ya pulmoni idiopatike ikunda gutera imbere mu myaka 2-5, ariko ibi bishobora gutandukana cyane hagati y'abantu.

Q4. Ese imyitozo ngororamubiri ifasha ku ndwara y'ibihaha zo hagati?

Yego, imyitozo ngororamubiri ikwiye ishobora gufasha cyane abantu barwaye indwara y'ibihaha zo hagati. Gahunda zo kuvugurura ibihaha zirimo imyitozo ngororamubiri ishobora kunoza imbaraga zawe, kugabanya uguhema, no kunoza ubuzima bwawe. Ariko, imyitozo ngororamubiri ikwiye guhuzwa n'uburwayi bwawe kandi ikagenzurwa n'abaganga.

Q5. Ese nzakenera ubuvuzi bw'umwuka ku ndwara y'ibihaha zo hagati?

Si buri wese urwaye indwara y'ibihaha zo hagati ukeneye ubuvuzi bw'umwuka, ariko bishobora kuba ngombwa uko indwara itera imbere. Muganga wawe azakurikirana urwego rw'umwuka mu mubiri wawe binyuze mu bipimo by'amaraso n'ibipimo by'umwuka. Niba urwego rw'umwuka mu mubiri rwawe rugabanuka munsi y'urwego runaka, umwuka w'inyongera ushobora kugufasha kumva neza no kurinda umutima wawe n'izindi ngingo kwangirika.