Icyo ari cyo Intracranial Hematoma? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n’Ubuvuzi

Intracranial hematoma ni ukubura amaraso mu mutwe, akenshi biba nyuma yo gukomeretsa umutwe. Utekereza nk’amaraso ava mu bwonko cyangwa mu mpande zirukikije, cyangwa rimwe na rimwe mu bwonko ubwayo.

Iyi ndwara ibaho iyo imitsi y’amaraso iri mu bwonko cyangwa hafi yaho itakaye cyangwa ikavunika, bigatuma amaraso aterana ahantu adakwiriye. Amaraso afunze ashobora gukanda ku bwonko, niyo mpamvu ubufasha bwa muganga bwihuse ari ingenzi cyane.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya intracranial hematoma?

Ibimenyetso bishobora gutandukana cyane bitewe n’aho amaraso aterana n’uburyo amaraso aterana vuba. Bamwe babona ibimenyetso ako kanya, abandi bashobora kutamenya ibibazo mu masaha cyangwa ndetse n’iminsi nyuma yo gukomeretsa.

Dore ibimenyetso bisanzwe ushobora kugira:

• Uburwayi bukomeye bw’umutwe buhora buzamuka
• Isesemi no kuruka
• Ubwenge buke cyangwa kugorana gutekereza neza
• Uburwayi cyangwa kubura ubwenge
• Ubusembwa ku ruhande rumwe rw’umubiri
• Ibibazo byo kuvuga cyangwa amagambo adasobanutse
• Impinduka z’ububone cyangwa kubura ubwenge
• Imihindagurikire
• Kubura ubushobozi bwo guhuza ibintu cyangwa kubura umutima

Icyatuma iyi ndwara ikomeye cyane ni uko ibimenyetso bishobora kugaragara buhoro buhoro. Ushobora kumva umeze neza nyuma yo gukomeretsa umutwe, hanyuma ukagira ibibazo nyuma y’amasaha cyangwa iminsi uko igitutu cyiyongera mu bwonko.

Ni iyihe mitype ya intracranial hematoma?

Hariho ubwoko butatu nyamukuru bwa intracranial hematomas, kandi buhabwa izina hashingiwe ku ho amaraso aterana ugereranyije n’impande zirinda ubwonko.

Buri bwoko bufite imico itandukanye n’igihe ibimenyetso bigaragara:

Epidural Hematoma

Ubu bwoko buva hagati y’igikuta cy’umutwe n’urukuta rukomeye rwo hanze rw’ubwonko ruzwi nka dura mater. Akenshi bibaho iyo igikuta cy’umutwe kivunika kikavunika umusego, cyane cyane mu gice cy’urusha.

Epidural hematomas zikomeye cyane kuko ushobora kugira icyo abaganga bita “lucid interval”. Ibi bivuze ko ushobora kubura ubwenge gato, hanyuma ukabyuka ukumva umeze neza, ariko ukagenda ucika intege vuba uko amaraso aterana.

Subdural Hematoma

Subdural hematomas itera hagati ya dura mater n’ubwonko ubwayo. Izi zishobora kuba zikomeye (ziterwa mu masaha), zidasanzwe (ziterwa mu minsi), cyangwa zidakomeye (ziterwa mu byumweru cyangwa amezi).

Subdural hematomas zidakomeye zikunze kugaragara mu bantu bakuze kuko gusaza kw’ubwonko bishobora gutuma imitsi y’amaraso irushaho kwangirika, nubwo ari imvune nto.

Intracerebral Hematoma

Ubu bwoko burimo amaraso aterana mu bwonko ubwayo. Bishobora guterwa no gukomeretsa cyangwa kubaho ukwayo kubera indwara nka hypertension cyangwa ibibazo by’imitsi y’amaraso.

Intracerebral hematomas akenshi ziterwa n’ibimenyetso byihuse kuko amaraso yangiza ubwonko kandi akora igitutu mu bwonko ubwayo.

Ni iki giterwa na intracranial hematoma?

Intara intracranial hematomas ziterwa no gukomeretsa umutwe, ariko impamvu nyamukuru ishobora gutandukana bitewe n’ubwoko n’imimerere yawe.

Impamvu zisanzwe zirimo:

• Impanuka z’imodoka
• Kugwa, cyane cyane mu bantu bakuze n’abana bato
• Imvune ziterwa na siporo
• Ihohoterwa rikomeye cyangwa urugomo
• Impanuka za moto cyangwa amagare

Ariko kandi, zimwe muri hematomas zishobora kubaho nta mvune igaragara, cyane cyane mu itsinda ry’abantu. Abantu bakuze bashobora kugira subdural hematomas bavuye mu mpanuka nto kuko ubwonko bwabo bwagabanutse uko bagenda basaza, bigatuma imitsi y’amaraso irushaho kwangirika.

Impamvu zidakunze kubaho ariko zikomeye zirimo:

• Aneurysms yavunitse y’ubwonko
• Arteriovenous malformations (ihuriro ry’imitsi y’amaraso idasanzwe)
• Ibibazo byo gukora amaraso
• Imiti igabanya amaraso
• Uburibwe bw’ubwonko
• Igitsure cy’amaraso gikabije

Niba ukoresha imiti igabanya amaraso nka warfarin cyangwa aspirine, n’imvune nto y’umutwe ishobora gutera amaraso menshi kuko amaraso yawe adatera nk’uko bisanzwe.

Ni ryari ukwiye kubona muganga kubera intracranial hematoma?

Ugomba gushaka ubufasha bwa muganga bwihuse niba wowe cyangwa umuntu umuzi yakomerekeye umutwe kandi akagira ibimenyetso bibangamira. Ntugatege amatwi ngo urebe niba ibimenyetso bizagenda ukwabyo.

Hamagara 911 cyangwa ujye kwa muganga ako kanya niba ufite:

• Kubura ubwenge, nubwo ari gato
• Uburwayi bukomeye bw’umutwe
• Kurukira kenshi
• Ubwenge buke cyangwa gucika intege
• Imihindagurikire
• Ubusembwa cyangwa kubabara ku ruhande rumwe rw’umubiri
• Gukoma mu mazuru cyangwa kutumva neza
• Ibibazo by’ububone
• Gukoma mu mazuru

Kumbura ko ibimenyetso bishobora kugaragara buhoro buhoro mu masaha cyangwa iminsi. Nubwo waba wumva umeze neza nyuma yo gukomeretsa umutwe, komeza ube maso ku mpinduka zose mu buryo bumva cyangwa uko ukora.

Ni ngombwa kandi gushaka ubufasha bwa muganga niba uri umuntu mukuru waguye ukakomeretsa umutwe, nubwo icyo gikomere cyaba kidafite akamaro. Impinduka ziterwa n’imyaka zigutera kwangirika amaraso adakira.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago bya intracranial hematoma?

Ibintu bimwe bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira intracranial hematoma cyangwa bikagutera kwangirika cyane niba bibaye.

Ibintu byongera ibyago bifitanye isano n’imyaka harimo kuba muto cyangwa kurenza imyaka 65. Abana bato n’abana bato bafite amaguru yoroheje n’ubwonko bukiri gutera imbere, mu gihe abantu bakuze bafite ubwonko bugabanuka bushobora gutuma imitsi y’amaraso irushaho kwangirika.

Ibindi bintu byongera ibyago bikomeye birimo:

• Kunywa imiti igabanya amaraso nka warfarin, heparin, cyangwa aspirine
• Kugira ibibazo byo gukora amaraso nka hemophilia
• Kunywisha inzoga, bishobora kugira ingaruka ku gukora amaraso
• Imvune zabanje z’umutwe cyangwa kubagwa ubwonko
• Kwitabira ibikorwa by’amahirwe make cyangwa siporo zikomeye
• Igitsure cy’amaraso gikabije kidagenzurwa neza
• Ibibazo by’imitsi y’amaraso mu bwonko

Niba ufite ibyo bintu byongera ibyago, ni ngombwa cyane kwirinda gukomeretsa umutwe no gushaka ubufasha bwa muganga vuba niba ukubise umutwe.

Ni ibihe bibazo bishoboka bya intracranial hematoma?

Intracranial hematomas ishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye niba idakurikiranwa vuba, ahanini kuko amaraso aterana ashyira igitutu ku bwonko.

Ikibazo cya mbere ni igitutu gikabije mu bwonko, gishobora gukanda ibice by’ubwonko kandi bikabuza ubwonko gukora neza. Iki gitutu gishobora gutera herniation y’ubwonko, aho ibice by’ubwonko bimurwa bikamanika ibindi bice by’ingenzi.

Ibibazo bisanzwe birimo:

• Kwibagirwa burundu kwangiza ubwonko, kuvuga, cyangwa kugenda
• Imihindagurikire ishobora gusaba imiti igihe kirekire
• Ubusembwa cyangwa ubusembwa ku ruhande rumwe rw’umubiri
• Ibibazo byo kuvuga n’ururimi
• Ibibazo by’ububone cyangwa ubuhumyi
• Gucika intege mu bwenge bigira ingaruka ku gutekereza no kwibuka
• Impinduka mu mico cyangwa ibibazo by’imyitwarire
• Koma cyangwa guhora ubuzima

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, cyane cyane hamwe na hematomas nini cyangwa kuvurwa bitinze, intracranial hematomas ishobora kuba ikintu cyangiza ubuzima. Uburemere bw’ibibazo bikunze guterwa n’ubunini n’aho hematoma iri, uburyo yateranye vuba, n’igihe kuvurwa byatangiye.

Ariko kandi, hamwe no kumenya vuba no kuvurwa neza, abantu benshi bashobora gukira neza intracranial hematomas, cyane cyane izito zafashwe hakiri kare.

Uburyo bwo kwirinda intracranial hematoma

Nubwo udashobora kwirinda imvune zose z’umutwe, ushobora kugabanya cyane ibyago bya intracranial hematomas ukoresheje ingamba zo kwirinda mu buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi.

Ingamba zikomeye zo kwirinda zibanda ku kwirinda gukomeretsa umutwe:

• Jya wambara umukandara w’umutekano iyo utwaye imodoka cyangwa uri mu modoka
• Koresha ingofero zikwiye iyo utwara igare, moto, cyangwa ukina siporo zikomeye
• Kora inzu yawe ikwiye kwirinda kugwa no kunoza amatara
• Shyiraho ibikoresho byo gufata mu bwiherero n’amabati ku matrappe
• Irinde kunywa inzoga nyinshi, bizongera ibyago byo kugwa
• Komeza igitsure cy’amaraso cyawe kigenzurwa neza niba ufite hypertension
• Komeza amabwiriza ya muganga wawe neza niba ukoresha imiti igabanya amaraso

Ku bantu bakuze, kwirinda kugwa biba ngombwa cyane. Ibi bishobora kuba harimo gusuzuma amaso n’amatwi buri gihe, gusubiramo imiti ishobora gutera gucika intege, no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri kugira ngo ugume ufite umutima mwiza n’imbaraga.

Niba witabira siporo cyangwa ibikorwa byo kwidagadura bifite ibyago byo gukomeretsa umutwe, menya ko ukoresha ibikoresho byo kwirinda bikwiye kandi ukaba ukurikiza amabwiriza y’umutekano.

Uburyo bwo kuvura intracranial hematoma

Kuvura intracranial hematoma biterwa n’ibintu byinshi, birimo ubunini n’aho amaraso ari, uburyo yateranye vuba, n’ibimenyetso byawe rusange.

Hematomes nto zidakora igitutu gikomeye zishobora gucungwa hakurikiwe neza mu bitaro. Itsinda ryawe rya muganga rizaba maso ku mpinduka zose mu bimenyetso byawe kandi rizasubiramo ibizamini by’amashusho kugira ngo bamenye ko amaraso atazamuka.

Ubuvuzi bw’abaganga buzaba ngombwa kuri hematomas nini cyangwa iyo ibimenyetso bigaragaza igitutu gikabije:

• Craniotomy - gufungura igice cy’igikuta cy’umutwe kugira ngo ukureho hematoma
• Burr hole drainage - gucukura imigozi mito mu gikuta cy’umutwe kugira ngo umenyekanishe ibintu byuzuye
• Craniectomy - gukuraho igice cy’igikuta cy’umutwe by’agateganyo kugira ngo ugabanye igitutu

Guhitamo uburyo bw’abaganga biterwa n’ubwoko n’aho hematoma yawe iri. Epidural hematomas akenshi zisaba kubagwa vuba kuko zishobora gutera vuba kandi zigatuma igitutu cyangiza ubuzima.

Ubundi buvuzi bushobora kuba harimo imiti yo kugenzura kubyimbagira kw’ubwonko, kwirinda imihindagurikire, cyangwa kugenzura igitsure cy’amaraso. Niba ukoresha imiti igabanya amaraso, muganga wawe ashobora kuba akeneye guhindura ingaruka zayo kugira ngo ahagarike amaraso akomeza kuva.

Uko wakwitwara iwawe nyuma yo kuvurwa

Gukira kwa intracranial hematoma akenshi ni inzira yoroheje isaba kwihangana no kwita ku bimenyetso by’umubiri wawe. Itsinda ryawe rya muganga rizakugira inama zihariye hashingiwe ku mimerere yawe.

Mu gihe cyo gukira, ugomba kugenda buhoro kandi ukirinda ibikorwa bishobora gutera izindi mvune z’umutwe:

• Ruhuka uko umubiri wawe ubishaka, harimo no kuryama bihagije
• Irinde gutwara imodoka kugeza muganga akwemereye
• Irinde inzoga n’ibiyobyabwenge, bishobora kubangamira gukira
• Fata imiti uko yagenewe
• Subira mu bikorwa bisanzwe uko byemewe n’itsinda ryawe rya muganga
• Jya mu buvuzi bwose bwo gukurikirana n’ibizamini by’amashusho

Komeza ube maso ku bimenyetso by’ibibazo, nko kurwara umutwe, gucika intege, ubusembwa bushya, cyangwa imihindagurikire. Niba ibyo byose bibaye, hamagara muganga wawe ako kanya cyangwa usubire kwa muganga.

Abantu benshi bagira inyungu mu buvuzi bwo gukira, harimo physiotherapy, occupational therapy, cyangwa speech therapy, bitewe n’ibice by’ubwonko byangiritse.

Uko wakwitegura gusura muganga

Niba uri kubona muganga kubera intracranial hematoma cyangwa gukurikirana, kwitegura neza bishobora kugufasha kugira icyo ugeraho mu ruzinduko rwawe.

Mbere y’uruzinduko rwawe, andika amakuru y’ingenzi yerekeye ibimenyetso byawe n’amateka yawe y’ubuzima:

• Igihe n’uburyo imvune y’umutwe yabaye
• Ibisobanuro birambuye by’ibimenyetso byawe n’igihe byatangiye
• Imiti yose ukoresha ubu, harimo imiti yo mu maduka n’ibindi
• Amateka yawe y’ubuzima, cyane cyane imvune zabanje z’umutwe cyangwa kubagwa ubwonko
• Ibibazo ushaka kubabaza muganga

Zana umuntu ukuri kumwe, cyane cyane niba ufite ibibazo byo kwibuka cyangwa gucika intege. Bashobora kugufasha gutanga amakuru no kwibuka ibintu by’ingenzi mu biganiro byawe na muganga.

Ntukabe maso kubabaza ibibazo ku byerekeye ibyo ukeneye, uburyo bwo kuvura, igihe cyo gukira, n’ibindi bikorwa byawe. Gusobanukirwa uko ubuzima bwawe bumeze bigufasha kugira uruhare mu buvuzi bwawe.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya cyane kuri intracranial hematoma

Intracranial hematomas ni indwara zikomeye zisaba ubufasha bwihuse, ariko hamwe no kuvurwa neza, abantu benshi bashobora gukira neza. Ikintu cy’ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko ibimenyetso bishobora kugaragara buhoro buhoro nyuma yo gukomeretsa umutwe, bityo ntiwakwirengagiza ibimenyetso by’ibimenyetso nubwo waba wumva umeze neza.

Kwiringira ukoresheje ingamba zo kwirinda nko kwambara umukandara w’umutekano n’ingofero bishobora kugabanya cyane ibyago byawe. Niba ufite imvune y’umutwe, cyane cyane niba uri mukuru, ukoresha imiti igabanya amaraso, cyangwa ufite ibindi bintu byongera ibyago, ntutinye gushaka ubuvuzi.

Gukira bishoboka hamwe no kuvurwa neza, nubwo bishobora gufata igihe n’ubuvuzi. Ikintu nyamukuru ni ukumenya ibimenyetso hakiri kare no kubona ubufasha bwa muganga ukeneye igihe ubikeneye.

Ibibazo byakunze kubaho kuri intracranial hematoma

Waba ufite intracranial hematoma utabizi?

Yego, cyane cyane hamwe na chronic subdural hematomas, ibimenyetso bishobora kugaragara buhoro buhoro ku buryo bitangira gufatwa nk’ubusazwe cyangwa izindi ndwara. Bamwe bashobora kugira amaraso make adatera ibimenyetso byihuse. Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa kwisuzuma nyuma y’imvune yose y’umutwe, nubwo yaba ari nto.

Nyuma y’igihe iki imvune y’umutwe intracranial hematoma ishobora kubaho?

Igihe gitandukanye bitewe n’ubwoko. Epidural hematomas akenshi itera mu masaha, mu gihe subdural hematomas ishobora kugaragara iminsi, ibyumweru, cyangwa ndetse n’amezi nyuma y’imvune. Chronic subdural hematomas ikomeye cyane kuko ibimenyetso bishobora kugaragara nyuma y’ibyumweru nyuma yo gukubita umutwe.

Ese intracranial hematomas ziterwa n’imvune gusa?

Oya, nubwo imvune ariyo mpamvu isanzwe, hematomas ishobora kandi guterwa no kuvunika kw’imitsi y’amaraso kubera igitsure cy’amaraso gikabije, aneurysms, ibibazo by’imitsi y’amaraso, cyangwa ibibazo byo gukora amaraso. Bamwe bayiterwa batagize imvune igaragara, cyane cyane niba bafite ibibazo by’imitsi y’amaraso cyangwa bakoresha imiti igabanya amaraso.

Ni uwuhe ubutandukanyi hagati ya concussion na intracranial hematoma?

Concussion ni ukubuza gukora kw’ubwonko by’agateganyo nta kwangirika kw’imiterere, mu gihe intracranial hematoma ari amaraso nyayo n’amaraso aterana. Ushobora kugira ubu bwoko bwombi icyarimwe. Ibimenyetso bya Concussion bisanzwe bigenda bikira mu minsi cyangwa ibyumweru, mu gihe ibimenyetso bya hematoma bikunze kuba bibi nta buvuzi kubera igitutu cyiyongera.

Ese intracranial hematomas ishobora gukira ukwayo?

Hematomes nto zimwe na zimwe zimwe na zimwe zigenda zikira uko igihe gihita, ariko ibi bisaba gukurikiranwa neza na muganga. Hematomes nini akenshi zisaba kubagwa kuko umubiri udashobora gukuraho amaraso ateranye vuba ngo wirinde kwangirika kw’ubwonko. Muganga wawe azamenya niba gukurikirana cyangwa kuvurwa aribyo bikwiye hashingiwe ku bunini, aho biri, n’ibimenyetso byawe.