Iritis ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n'Uko Ivurwa

Iritis ni ububabare bw’iris, igice cy’ijisho ryawe gifite ibara, gicunga umucyo winjira mu mboni y’ijisho. Iyi ndwara itera ububabare bw’amaso, ubuhumyi, no kubabara umucyo, bishobora kuza k’umugayo cyangwa buhoro buhoro.

Izwi kandi nka uveitis yo imbere, iritis ikora ku gice cy’imbere cya uvea, urwego rwo hagati rw’ijisho ryawe. Nubwo byumvikana biteye ubwoba, ingero nyinshi zivurwa neza iyo zafashwe hakiri kare. Ikintu nyamukuru ni ukumenya ibimenyetso no kubona ubuvuzi bwihuse kugira ngo wirinde ingaruka.

Ibimenyetso bya iritis ni ibihe?

Ikimenyetso cya mbere gikunze kugaragara ni ububabare bukomeye, bumera nk’uburiganya mu jisho ryanduye, bushobora kuba bubi iyo ugerageje kureba ikintu kiri hafi. Ubu bubabare bukunze kumva butandukanye n’ububabare busanzwe bw’amaso kuko buturuka imbere mu jisho aho kuba ku ruhu rwayo.

Dore ibimenyetso by’ingenzi ushobora kugira:

• Ububabare bukabije bw’amaso bushobora kugera ku gahanga cyangwa ku ruhande rw’umutwe
• Kubabara cyane umucyo (photophobia)
• Kubura cyangwa kugabanuka kw’ububone
• Ubuhumyi buzunguruka iris, cyane cyane hafi ya cornea
• Isoni nto cyangwa idafite ishusho
• Amarira menshi
• Kumva nk’aho hari ikintu kiri mu jisho ryawe

Bamwe babona ko isoni yabo idakora neza mu guhindura umucyo. Ijisho ryanduye rishobora kandi kugaragara nk’iryuzuye cyangwa rifite ibara ritandukanye n’ibisanzwe kubera kubabara.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, ushobora kugira ububabare bukabije bw’umutwe, isereri, cyangwa kubura kubona. Ibi bimenyetso bigaragaza ingaruka zikomeye kandi bisaba ubuvuzi bwihuse.

Iki gitera iritis ni iki?

Impamvu nyamukuru ya iritis ikunze kuba itazwi, abaganga bakaba bayita “iritis idiopathic”. Ariko kandi, ibintu byinshi bishobora gutera iyi mbaraga mu jisho ryawe.

Impamvu zisanzwe zirimo:

• Indwara ziterwa na système immunitaire nk’indwara ya rhumatoïde cyangwa ankylosing spondylitis
• Amazi nk’herpès simplex, shingles, cyangwa toxoplasmose
• Imvune cyangwa ibikomere by’amaso, harimo n’ubuganga
• Imiti imwe cyangwa amavuta y’amaso
• Indwara z’umwijima nk’indwara ya Crohn cyangwa ulcerative colitis

Rimwe na rimwe iritis itera nk’igice cy’ububabare bukomeye bugira ingaruka ku mubiri wose. Ibintu by’umurage bishobora kandi kugira uruhare, kuko bamwe bafite ibyago byinshi bitewe n’umurage wabo.

Impamvu zidasanzwe zirimo sarcoïdose, indwara ya Behçet, cyangwa syndrome ya Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada. Izi ndwara zigira ingaruka ku bindi bice by’umubiri wawe uretse amaso kandi zisaba uburyo bwihariye bwo kuvura.

Ni ryari ukwiye kubona muganga kubera iritis?

Ugomba gushaka ubuvuzi ako kanya niba ufite ububabare bw’amaso butunguranye hamwe no kubabara umucyo no kubura kubona. Ibi bimenyetso hamwe bigaragaza iritis cyangwa ikindi kibazo gikomeye cy’amaso gikenera ubuvuzi bwihuse.

Ntugatege amatwi niba ubona uburibwe bwawe bumeze nabi cyangwa ububabare buzamuka. Iritis idavuwe ishobora gutera ibibazo by’ububone bw’igihe kirekire, bityo kuvurwa hakiri kare ni ingenzi kugira ngo ubone umusaruro mwiza.

Hamagara muganga wawe cyangwa ujye mu bitaro byihuse niba ufite ububabare bukomeye bw’umutwe, isereri, cyangwa kubura kubona bikomeye hamwe n’ibimenyetso by’amaso. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kugaragaza ko hari umuvuduko mwinshi mu jisho cyangwa ibindi bibazo bikomeye.

Ibyago byo kwandura iritis ni ibihe?

Ibintu bimwe byongera ibyago byo kwandura iritis, nubwo kugira ibi bintu ntibigarantiye ko uzayirwara. Kubyumva bishobora kugufasha kuba maso ku bimenyetso bya mbere.

Ibyago by’ingenzi birimo:

• Kugira indwara y’umubiri nk’indwara ya lupus cyangwa rhumatoïde
• Imvune cyangwa ubuganga bw’amaso mbere
• Ibimenyetso by’umurage, cyane cyane HLA-B27
• Indwara z’umwijima
• Kuba uri hagati y’imyaka 20-40 (ikigero cy’imyaka gikunze kugaragara)
• Kuba wararwaye iritis mbere (ishobora gusubira)

Bamwe barwara iritis nyuma y’indwara mu bindi bice by’umubiri wabo, nubwo iyo ndwara isa ntiifitanye isano n’amaso yabo. Umuvuduko n’umunaniro bishobora kandi gutera ibyago ku bantu basanzwe bafite iyi ndwara.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, imiti imwe ikoreshwa mu kuvura izindi ndwara ishobora kongera ibyago byawe. Muganga wawe azisuzuma ibi bintu iyo asuzumye ibimenyetso byawe kandi agenewe uburyo bwo kuvura.

Ingaruka zishoboka za iritis ni izihe?

Abantu benshi barwaye iritis barakira neza bavuwe neza, ariko hari ingaruka zimwe na zimwe zishobora kubaho niba iyi ndwara idakurikiranwe neza. Ibi bibazo bibaho iyo kubabara bikomeza cyangwa bisubira kenshi.

Ingaruka zishoboka zirimo:

• Umuvuduko mwinshi mu jisho (glaucome)
• Cataracte iterwa no kubabara igihe kirekire cyangwa gukoresha imiti ya steroïde
• Ububabare buhoraho hagati ya iris na lentille
• Kubyimbagira kwa retina yo hagati (macular edema)
• Kubura kubona burundu mu bihe bikomeye

Ingaruka ikomeye ni glaucoma, aho umuvuduko mwinshi mu jisho ryawe ushobora kwangiza umutwe w’ijisho. Iyi ndwara ikunze kuza buhoro buhoro, niyo mpamvu gusura muganga buri gihe ari ingenzi mu gihe cyo kuvurwa.

Ingaruka zidasanzwe zirimo gutandukana kwa retina cyangwa ubusembwa bukomeye imbere mu jisho. Ibi bibazo bishobora kubaho cyane iyo iritis ari indwara y’igihe kirekire cyangwa isubira kenshi, bigashimangira akamaro ko kwitabwaho n’abaganga buri gihe.

Iritis imenyekanwa ite?

Muganga wawe azamenya iritis binyuze mu isuzuma ry’amaso rirambuye akoresheje ibikoresho byihariye. Igikoresho nyamukuru ni slit lamp, itanga ishusho yagutse y’igice cy’imbere cy’ijisho ryawe.

Mu gihe cy’isuzuma, muganga wawe azareba ko hari utubuto tw’ububabare turi mu mizu y’ijisho ryawe. Azareba kandi ko hari ibintu by’amaprotéine kandi azareba uko isoni yawe isubiza impinduka z’umucyo.

Muganga wawe ashobora kwagura isoni yawe akoresheje amavuta y’amaso kugira ngo abone neza ibice by’imbere. Azapima kandi umuvuduko w’amaso yawe kandi azasuzume retina yawe kugira ngo akureho izindi ndwara cyangwa ingaruka.

Ibizamini by’amaraso bishobora gutegekwa kugira ngo harebwe indwara ziterwa na système immunitaire cyangwa amazi ashobora gutera iritis. Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, ibizamini by’amashusho nk’ama rayons X cyangwa MRI bifasha kumenya indwara zifitanye isano n’umubiri wose.

Uko iritis ivurwa

Uburyo bwo kuvura bugamije kugabanya ububabare vuba kugira ngo wirinde ingaruka kandi ugabanye ibimenyetso byawe. Uburyo nyamukuru burimo amavuta y’amaso yanditswe na muganga arimo corticosteroids kugira ngo agabanye ububabare.

Muganga wawe azakwandikira:

• Amavuta y’amaso ya steroïde (nk’iya prednisolone) akoreshwa inshuro nyinshi ku munsi
• Amavuta yo kwagura kugira ngo wirinde ubusembwa bwa iris kandi ugabanye ububabare
• Imiti yo kunywa niba kubabara ari byinshi
• Kuvura ibibazo byose bifitanye isano

Amavuta yo kwagura afasha gutuma isoni yawe ikomeza kuba nini, ibi bikabuza iris gufatana na lentille. Ibi kandi bifasha kugabanya ububabare ufite kubera kubabara umucyo.

Ku ndwara zikomeye cyangwa zisubira kenshi, muganga wawe ashobora kugutegeka inshinge za steroïde hafi y’ijisho cyangwa imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri. Iyi miti isaba gukurikiranwa neza kugira ngo harebwe ingaruka mbi.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe aho iritis ifitanye isano n’amazi, imiti yo kurwanya virusi cyangwa antibiotique ishobora kuba ikenewe hamwe n’imiti igabanya ububabare.

Uko wakwitwara iwawe

Nubwo ubuvuzi ari ingenzi, hari uburyo bwo kwitwara iwawe bushobora kugufasha kumva wishimye mu gihe cyo gukira. Ibi bintu bikorana n’imiti yawe yanditswe na muganga, si ukubisimbura.

Dore ibyo ushobora gukora iwawe:

• Kambara izibukira kugira ngo ugabanye kubabara umucyo
• Koresha amarira y’imiti kugira ngo amaso yawe akomeze kuba ashyushye
• Shiraho ibintu byakonje iminota 10-15
• Irinde gukorakora cyangwa gukora ku jisho ryanduye
• Fata imiti igabanya ububabare uko ubishaka
• Reka amaso yawe aruhuke ugatandukanya amaso yawe n’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga

Komeza ahantu hawe hari umucyo mucye iyo ibimenyetso bikomeye. Umucyo mwinshi ushobora kongera kubabara, bityo hindura umucyo mu rugo no mu kazi ku rwego rushimishije.

Ntuzigere uhagarika imiti yawe yanditswe na muganga hakiri kare, nubwo wumva wishimye. Gusoza umuti wose bifasha kwemeza ko kubabara byagenzuwe neza kandi bigabanya ibyago byo gusubira.

Uko wakwitegura gusura muganga

Mbere yo gusura muganga, andika ibimenyetso byawe byose, harimo igihe byatangiye n’uko byahindutse. Aya makuru afasha muganga wawe kumva imiterere n’uburemere bw’indwara yawe.

Zana urutonde rw’imiti yose ukoresha ubu, harimo imiti yo mu maduka n’ibindi. Imiti imwe ishobora kugira ingaruka ku maso yawe cyangwa ikagira ingaruka ku miti yo kuvura iritis.

Tegura kuvugana amateka yawe y’ubuzima, cyane cyane indwara ziterwa na système immunitaire, ibibazo by’amaso byabayeho mbere, cyangwa amazi yabayeho vuba. Muganga wawe azashaka kandi kumenya amateka y’indwara z’amaso cyangwa indwara ziterwa na système immunitaire mu muryango wawe.

Tegura umuntu uzakujyana no kukugarura, kuko muganga wawe ashobora kwagura isoni yawe kugira ngo akore isuzuma. Ibi bituma uburibwe bwawe buhoraho kandi bugira ingaruka ku mucyo.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya kuri iritis

Iritis ni indwara y’amaso ivurwa kandi ivurwa neza iyo ubuvuzi bwahise. Nubwo ibimenyetso bishobora kuba bibi kandi biteye impungenge, abantu benshi barakira neza bavuwe neza.

Ikintu cy’ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko kuvurwa hakiri kare birinda ingaruka. Niba ufite ububabare bw’amaso butunguranye, kubabara umucyo, no kubura kubona, ntutinye gushaka ubuvuzi ako kanya.

Ukoresheje ubuvuzi bukwiye no gukurikirana, ushobora kwitega ko ibimenyetso byawe bizagenda mu minsi mike cyangwa mu byumweru bike. Bamwe bashobora kugira ibibazo bisubira, ariko ibyo bishobora gufatwa neza ukoresheje ubufasha bw’abaganga buhoraho.

Ibibazo bikunze kubaho kuri iritis

Q1: Ese iritis ishobora gutera ubuhumyi burundu?

Iritis ntabwo ikunze gutera ubuhumyi burundu iyo ivuwe vuba kandi neza. Ariko kandi, indwara idavuwe cyangwa ikomeye ishobora gutera ingaruka nk’indwara ya glaucoma cyangwa cataracte zishobora kugira ingaruka ku kubona. Ikintu nyamukuru ni ukubona ubuvuzi hakiri kare no gukurikiza gahunda yawe y’ubuvuzi neza.

Q2: Igihe kingana iki iritis imara gukira?

Ingero nyinshi za iritis zirangira mu cyumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri ukoresheje ubuvuzi bukwiye, nubwo gukira burundu bishobora gutwara ibyumweru 4-6. Iritis y’igihe kirekire cyangwa isubira kenshi ishobora gusaba igihe kirekire cyo kuvurwa. Muganga wawe azakurikirana amajyambere yawe kandi azahindura imiti uko bikenewe mu gihe cyo gukira.

Q3: Ese iritis yandura?

Iritis ubwayo ntiyandura kandi ntishobora kwandura kuva ku muntu umwe ujya ku wundi. Ariko kandi, niba hari indwara yateye iritis, iyo ndwara ishobora kuba yandura. Muganga wawe azamenya niba hari impamvu z’indwara zikenera ubundi buvuzi cyangwa ingamba.

Q4: Ese umuvuduko ushobora gutera iritis?

Nubwo umuvuduko utatera iritis, ushobora gutera ibibazo ku bantu basanzwe bafite iyi ndwara. Umuvuduko ushobora kugabanya ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri kandi ukagira uruhare mu kubabara. Gucunga umuvuduko binyuze mu buryo bwo kuruhuka bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo gusubira.

Q5: Ese nzakenera gukoresha amavuta y’amaso iteka ryose?

Abantu benshi barwaye iritis ntibakenera amavuta y’amaso igihe kirekire. Ubuvuzi busanzwe buramara ibyumweru bike cyangwa amezi, bitewe n’uko ubisubiza. Ariko kandi, abantu barwaye iritis y’igihe kirekire cyangwa isubira kenshi bashobora gukenera ubuvuzi buhoraho cyangwa gukoresha imiti rimwe na rimwe kugira ngo birinde gusubira.