Kanser ya Impyiko: Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n’Ubuvuzi

Kanser ya impyiko ibaho iyo uturemangingo mu mpyiko zawe dutangiye gukura mu buryo budakwiye, bigatuma habaho udukoba dushobora kubangamira imikorere isanzwe y’impyiko zawe. Impyiko zawe ni imyanya ibiri ifite ishusho y’ibishyimbo, ingana n’igipfunsi cyawe, iherereye ku mpande zombi z’umugongo wawe munsi y’amagongo. Zikora amasaha 24 ku munsi zisukura imyanda mu maraso yawe kandi zigatanga umushishi, bityo iyo kanser ibayeho hano, ishobora kugira ingaruka kuri uwo mukino w’isuku ukomeye umubiri wawe ukeneye.

Kanser ya impyiko ni iki?

Kanser ya impyiko ibaho iyo uturemangingo tw’impyiko tugira ubuzima bwiza duhinduka kandi tukavuka mu buryo budakwiye. Icyinshi cy’ibintu bya kanser ya impyiko bitangira mu myanya mito iri mu mpyiko zawe yitwa nephrons, isa na za miriyoni z’ibisasira bito bito bisukura amaraso yawe.

Ubwoko bwose bukunze kugaragara ni kanseri y’uturemangingo tw’impyiko, igize hafi 85% ya kanseri yose y’impyiko. Tekereza ko ari ubwoko “nyamukuru” abaganga bahura na bwo kenshi. Hariho kandi ubwoko buke cyane nka kanseri y’uturemangingo tw’imbere mu myanya y’umushishi na Wilms tumor, ikunda kwibasira abana.

Icyatuma kanseri y’impyiko igorana cyane ni uko ikura gahoro gahoro idafite ibimenyetso bigaragara mu ntangiriro. Impyiko zawe zihishe cyane mu mubiri wawe, bityo udukoba duto dushobora gukura utamenye icyo ari cyo mu ntangiriro.

Ibimenyetso bya kanseri y’impyiko ni ibihe?

Kanser ya impyiko mu ntangiriro akenshi ntabimenyetso bigaragara itera, niyo mpamvu rimwe na rimwe yitwa indwara “y’ibanga”. Iyo ibimenyetso bigaragaye, bishobora kuba bito kandi bishobora kugaragara nk’iby’izindi ndwara, zidakomeye.

Dore ibimenyetso ushobora kugira, uhereye ku bikunze kugaragara kugeza ku bidakunze kugaragara:

• Amaraso mu mushishi, ashobora kuwuhindura umutuku, umutuku cyangwa umukara nk’icyayi
• Kubabara mu kibuno cyangwa mu mugongo bidashira
• Udukoba cyangwa ikintu ushobora kumva mu kibuno cyangwa mu mugongo
• Gutakaza ibiro bitasobanuwe mu byumweru cyangwa amezi
• Uburwayi budakira nubwo uruhuka
• Inkorora iza igahinduka idafite impamvu isobanutse
• Gutakaza ubushake bwo kurya bikomeza iminsi irenga mike

Bamwe mu bantu bagira ibimenyetso bidakunze kugaragara nko kubyimba mu birenge, umuvuduko ukabije w’amaraso utunguranye, cyangwa anemia. Ibi bibaho kuko kanseri y’impyiko rimwe na rimwe ishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo umubiri wawe ugenzura amazi kandi ukora imisemburo imwe n’imwe.

Wibuke ko kugira kimwe cyangwa byinshi muri ibi bimenyetso ntibivuze ko ufite kanseri y’impyiko. Hariho izindi ndwara nyinshi zishobora gutera ibimenyetso nk’ibyo, ariko birakwiriye kujya kwa muganga niba ubona impinduka zikomeza.

Ubwoko bwa kanseri y’impyiko ni ubuhe?

Hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwa kanseri y’impyiko, buri bwoko butangira mu bice bitandukanye by’impyiko yawe. Gusobanukirwa ubwoko bufasha muganga wawe gutegura uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura ukurikije uko uri.

Ubwoko nyamukuru harimo:

• Kanseri y’uturemangingo tw’impyiko - ubwoko bwose bukunze kugaragara, butangira mu myanya isukura amaraso y’impyiko
• Kanseri y’uturemangingo tw’imbere mu myanya y’umushishi - itangira aho impyiko yawe ihurira n’umuyoboro w’umushishi
• Sarcoma y’impyiko - ubwoko buke cyane butangira mu mubiri w’impyiko
• Wilms tumor - ikunda kwibasira abana bari munsi y’imyaka 5
• Lymphoma - iyo imyanya y’amaraso mu mpyiko iba kanseri

Kanseri y’uturemangingo tw’impyiko ifite ubwoko bunyuranye, ubwoko bwa selile zisobanutse ari bwo bukunze kugaragara. Muganga wawe ashobora kumenya ubwoko nyabwo binyuze mu bipimo byo gusuzuma udukoba n’ibipimo by’amashusho. Buri bwoko buzitwara mu buryo butandukanye kandi bugasubiza mu buryo butandukanye, niyo mpamvu kubona ubuvuzi nyabwo ari ingenzi cyane.

Impamvu ziterwa na kanseri y’impyiko ni izihe?

Kanser ya impyiko iterwa n’ikintu cyangiza ADN iri mu turemangingo tw’impyiko, bigatuma ikura kandi igakwirakwira mu buryo budakwiye. Nubwo tutazi neza icyateza iyo mpinduka, abashakashatsi bamenye ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kongera ibyago.

Ibintu byongera ibyago bikomeye harimo:

• Kunywa itabi, bikubye kabiri ibyago ugereranije n’abatanywa
• Umuvuduko ukabije w’amaraso umaze imyaka myinshi
• Amateka y’umuryango wa kanseri y’impyiko mu babyeyi cyangwa bene wabo
• Indwara zimwe na zimwe zo mu mubiri nka von Hippel-Lindau
• Kuvurwa kwa dialyse igihe kirekire kubera gucika intege kw’impyiko
• Kuhura n’ibintu bimwe na bimwe by’imiti nka asbesto cyangwa cadmium

Imyaka na yo igira uruhare, kanseri nyinshi z’impyiko ziba mu bantu barengeje imyaka 45. Abagabo barwara kanseri y’impyiko kurusha abagore, nubwo abaganga batazi neza impamvu ibyo bibaho.

Ni ingenzi kumenya ko kugira ibintu byongera ibyago ntibivuze ko uzabona kanseri y’impyiko. Abantu benshi bafite ibintu byinshi byongera ibyago ntibabona iyo ndwara, mu gihe abandi badafite ibintu byongera ibyago bayibona.

Ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera ibimenyetso bya kanseri y’impyiko?

Ukwiye kuvugana na muganga wawe niba ubona amaraso mu mushishi, nubwo byaba bibaye rimwe gusa. Icyo kimenyetso gikwiye guhita kivurwa, uko waba wumva ububabare cyangwa ibindi bimenyetso.

Kandi, shaka ubufasha bw’ubuvuzi niba ufite ububabare buhoraho mu mugongo cyangwa mu kibuno budakira nubwo uruhuka cyangwa ukoresheje imiti isanzwe yo kugabanya ububabare. Ububabare bukukura mu rugo nijoro cyangwa bukaza uko iminsi igenda ni byo by’umwihariko bikwiye kuvugwa.

Ntugatege amatwi kuvura niba utakaza ibiro bitasobanuwe hamwe n’uburwayi, cyane cyane niba kandi wabonye impinduka mu bushake bwo kurya. Nubwo ibyo bimenyetso bishobora kuba bifite impamvu nyinshi, ni byiza kubigenzura vuba ugereranije no gutegereza.

Niba ufite amateka y’umuryango wa kanseri y’impyiko cyangwa indwara zo mu mubiri zizwi zongera ibyago, vugana na muganga wawe ku bipimo bikwiye. Kubona indwara hakiri kare bituma kuvura kuba ingirakamaro cyane.

Ibintu byongera ibyago bya kanseri y’impyiko ni ibihe?

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera amahirwe yawe yo kurwara kanseri y’impyiko, nubwo kugira ibyo bintu ntibihamya ko uzayirwara. Gusobanukirwa ibyo bintu bishobora kugufasha gufata ibyemezo byiza ku buzima bwawe no gusuzuma.

Ibintu byongera ibyago bifitanye isano n’imibereho ushobora kugiraho ingaruka harimo:

• Kunywa itabi
• Kuba ufite ibiro byinshi cyangwa ukaba unanutse
• Kugira umuvuduko ukabije w’amaraso udasanzwe
• Kurya indyo irimo ibiryo byinshi bya mayonesi n’imboga nke

Ibintu by’ubuvuzi n’iby’imfura utashobora kugiraho ingaruka harimo:

• Kuba umugabo (abagabo bafite amahirwe kabiri yo kurwara kanseri y’impyiko)
• Kuba ufite imyaka irenga 45, ibyago bikazamuka buri cumi cya myaka
• Amateka y’umuryango wa kanseri y’impyiko
• Indwara zo mu mubiri nka von Hippel-Lindau syndrome
• Indwara y’impyiko igihe kirekire isaba dialyse
• Kuvurwa mbere hamwe n’imiti imwe n’imwe

Kuhura n’ibintu byo mu kazi nka asbesto, cadmium, cyangwa imiti imwe n’imwe ishobora kongera ibyago. Niba ukora mu nganda aho ibyo bishobora kubaho, kubahiriza amabwiriza y’umutekano no gukoresha ibikoresho byo kwirinda ni ingenzi.

Ingaruka zishoboka za kanseri y’impyiko ni izihe?

Kanser ya impyiko ishobora gutera ingaruka nyinshi, zikomoka kuri kanseri ubwayo rimwe na rimwe zikomoka ku buvuzi. Gusobanukirwa ibyo bishoboka bigufasha kumenya icyo ugomba kwitondera n’igihe ukwiye gushaka ubufasha bundi bw’ubuvuzi.

Ingaruka zijyanye na kanseri harimo:

• Ibibazo by’imikorere y’impyiko niba kanseri igira ingaruka ku buryo impyiko zawe zisukura amaraso
• Umuvuduko ukabije w’amaraso ukomoka ku dukoba dufite ingaruka ku mitsi y’amaraso
• Anemia iyo kanseri ibangamira gukora kw’uturemangingo tw’amaraso
• Kwiyamamaza kwa kanseri ku zindi ngingo nka za pulmoni, amagufwa, cyangwa umwijima
• Ibibyimba by’amaraso mu birenge cyangwa mu mpfu

Ingaruka zijyanye no kuvura zishobora kuba harimo ibyago byo kubagwa nko kuva amaraso cyangwa kwandura, ingaruka z’imiti, cyangwa impinduka z’imikorere y’impyiko. Ikipe yawe y’ubuvuzi ikurinda ibyo bibazo kandi ifite uburyo bwo kubigenzura.

Inkuru nziza ni uko ingaruka nyinshi zishobora kwirindwa cyangwa kuvurwa neza iyo zafashwe hakiri kare. Gukurikirana inama buri gihe bituma ikipe yawe y’ubuvuzi ibona kandi ikemura ibibazo mbere y’uko biba bikomeye.

Kanser ya impyiko ishobora kwirindwa gute?

Nubwo udashobora kwirinda kanseri yose y’impyiko, ushobora gufata ingamba zo kugabanya ibyago. Ingamba zikomeye zo kwirinda zibanda ku guhindura imibereho bishigikira ubuzima bw’impyiko muri rusange.

Dore ibintu by’ingenzi ushobora gukora:

• Reka kunywa itabi cyangwa ntukabinywe - iryo hinduka rimwe rirashobora kugabanya ibyago byawe mu gice kimwe
• Komeza ibiro byiza binyuze mu kurya indyo yuzuye no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe
• Genzura umuvuduko w’amaraso yawe binyuze mu kurya, gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, no gukoresha imiti niba ari ngombwa
• Kurya imbuto n’imboga nyinshi mugihe ugabanya ibiryo byatunganyirijwe
• Komeza amazi ahagije mu mubiri wawe
• Gahoroza kunywa inzoga

Niba ukora imiti cyangwa mu nganda zifite ibyago bya kanseri y’impyiko, buri gihe hakurikirizwa amabwiriza y’umutekano. Kwambara ibikoresho byo kwirinda no guha umwuka mwiza aho ukora ni ingenzi.

Ku bantu bafite indwara zo mu mubiri zongera ibyago bya kanseri y’impyiko, gukorana n’umujyanama w’imfura no gukurikiza gahunda z’isuzuma bibe ingenzi cyane. Izo ngamba z’ubushishozi zishobora gufasha gufata ibibazo mu ntangiriro, mu bihe byoroshye kuvura.

Kanser ya impyiko imenyekanwa ite?

Kumenya kanseri y’impyiko bisanzwe bitangira muganga wawe akubajije ibimenyetso byawe n’amateka yawe y’ubuzima, bikurikirwa no gusuzuma umubiri. Niba bakeka kanseri y’impyiko, ibizamini byinshi bifasha kwemeza ubuvuzi no kumenya igihe kanseri iri.

Uburyo bwo gusuzuma busanzwe burimo ibi bice:

1. Ibizamini by’amaraso n’umushishi kugira ngo harebwe imikorere y’impyiko kandi harebwe impinduka
2. Ibisomwa by’amashusho nka CT cyangwa MRI kugira ngo harebwe amafoto y’impyiko zawe
3. Ultrasound kugira ngo hamenyekane itandukaniro hagati y’udukoba dukomatanyije n’udukingi twuzuye amazi
4. Rimwe na rimwe biopsy, aho igice gito cy’umubiri gikurwaho kugira ngo gisuzumwe
5. Ibisomwa by’amashusho byongeyeho kugira ngo harebwe niba kanseri yiyamye ku zindi ngingo z’umubiri wawe

Ibisomwa bya CT akenshi ni ibizamini bya mbere by’amashusho bikoreshejwe kuko bishobora kugaragaza udukoba tw’impyiko neza cyane. Muganga wawe ashobora gukoresha ibara ry’ubururu kugira ngo amafoto abe meza kurushaho, afasha gutandukanya kanseri n’impyiko zisanzwe.

Icy’ingenzi, kanseri y’impyiko rimwe na rimwe iboneka mu buryo butunguranye mu bisomwa by’amashusho byakozwe kubera izindi mpamvu. Ibyo “bisomwa” bikunze gufata kanseri hakiri kare, mu bihe byoroshye kuvura.

Ubuvuzi bwa kanseri y’impyiko ni ubuhe?

Ubuvuzi bwa kanseri y’impyiko biterwa n’ibintu byinshi birimo ingano ya kanseri, aho iherereye, igihe irimo, n’ubuzima bwawe muri rusange. Inkuru nziza ni uko kanseri nyinshi z’impyiko zishobora kuvurwa neza, cyane cyane iyo zafashwe hakiri kare.

Kubaga biguma ari ubuvuzi nyamukuru bwa kanseri nyinshi z’impyiko. Umuganga wawe ashobora gukuraho udukoba gusa n’ibice bimwe na bimwe by’imbere (partial nephrectomy) cyangwa impyiko yose (radical nephrectomy). Ubuvuzi bwinshi muri ubwo ubu bukorwa hifashishijwe uburyo buke bwo kubaga bufite ibikomere bito.

Ibindi byo kuvura harimo:

• Imiti yibasira kanseri iboneka mu buryo bwihariye
• Immunotherapy gufasha umubiri wawe kurwanya kanseri
• Radiotherapy kuri kanseri yiyamye cyangwa idashobora gukurwaho
• Uburyo bwo gukonjesha cyangwa gushyuha uturemangingo twa kanseri kugira ngo tuburizwe
• Kwitondera udukoba duto cyane, dukura gahoro gahoro

Ikipe yawe y’ubuvuzi izakorana nawe kugira ngo utore uburyo bwiza ukurikije uko uri. Abantu benshi bakira neza, cyane cyane iyo kanseri y’impyiko ifashwe mbere y’uko ikwirakwira uretse impyiko.

Uburyo bwo gucunga ibimenyetso murugo mu gihe cyo kuvurwa kanseri y’impyiko?

Guhagarara ibimenyetso n’ingaruka mbi murugo bigira uruhare mu igenamigambi ryawe ryo kuvurwa muri rusange. Ingamba zoroheje zishobora kugufasha kumva wishimye kandi ukomeze imbaraga zawe mu gihe cyo kuvurwa.

Kubw’ibyishimo rusange no gucunga imbaraga:

• Ruhukira igihe ukeneye, ariko gerageza kuguma ukorera imyitozo myoroheje nko kugenda
• Kurya ifunguro rito, kenshi niba ubushake bwawe bwo kurya bugabanutse
• Komeza amazi mu mubiri wawe keretse muganga wawe akubwiye ibinyuranye
• Fata imiti yatanzwe nk’uko byategetswe
• Komeza ibitabo by’ibimenyetso kugira ngo ukureho impinduka kandi ubisangize ikipe yawe y’ubuvuzi

Guhagarara ububabare bishobora kuba harimo gukoresha imiti yo kugabanya ububabare nk’uko byategetswe, gushyira ubushyuhe cyangwa ubukonje ku duce tubabara, no gukora imyitozo yo kuruhuka nko guhumeka mu buryo buhamye. Ntuzigere utinya kuvugana n’ikipe yawe y’ubuvuzi niba ububabare bugorana guhagarara.

Komeza umubano n’umuryango n’inshuti, kuko inkunga yo mu mutima igira ingaruka ku kuntu wumva mu gihe cyo kuvurwa. Abantu benshi basanga amatsinda y’inkunga afasha guhuza n’abandi bumva icyo barimo kunyuramo.

Wategura gute inama yawe na muganga?

Gutegura inama yawe bifasha kwemeza ko uboneye igihe cyawe cyane hamwe n’ikipe y’ubuvuzi. Kwitonda bituma ushobora kuvugana ibibazo byawe byose kandi bifasha muganga wawe gutanga ubufasha bwiza.

Mbere y’inama yawe, kora ibi bintu:

• Urutonde rw’ibimenyetso byawe byose, harimo igihe byatangiye
• Imiti yose ufata, harimo imiti yo mu maduka n’ibindi byongerwamo
• Amateka y’ubuzima bw’umuryango wawe, cyane cyane kanseri
• Inyandiko z’ubuvuzi zabanje n’ibipimo byakozwe niba ubona muganga mushya
• Amakuru y’ubwishingizi bwawe n’icyemezo cy’ubutaka

Andika ibibazo byawe mbere y’igihe kugira ngo wibuke kubibaza. Ibibazo by’ingenzi bishobora kuba harimo kubabaza ibyerekeye ubuvuzi bwawe, uburyo bwo kuvura, ingaruka mbi zikwiye kwitonderwa, n’uburyo kuvura bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi.

Tegereza kuzana umuntu wo mu muryango cyangwa inshuti yizewe mu nama yawe. Bashobora kugufasha kwibuka amakuru yavuzwe no gutanga inkunga yo mu mutima. Abantu benshi basanga ari ingirakamaro kwandika cyangwa kubabaza niba bashobora kwandika ibice by’ingenzi by’ikiganiro.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya cyane kuri kanseri y’impyiko ni iki?

Ikintu cy’ingenzi cyo gusobanukirwa kuri kanseri y’impyiko ni uko kubona indwara hakiri kare no kuvura byongera cyane ibyiza. Nubwo gutekereza kuri kanseri bishobora kuba byoroshye, abantu benshi barwaye kanseri y’impyiko bakomeza kubaho mu buzima bwiza, bwiza nyuma yo kuvurwa.

Witondere umubiri wawe kandi ntukirengagize ibimenyetso bikomeza, cyane cyane amaraso mu mushishi cyangwa ububabare mu mugongo butasobanuwe. Ibyo bimenyetso bifite impamvu nyinshi zishoboka, ariko buri gihe bikwiye gusuzuma kugira ngo habeho kwirinda indwara zikomeye.

Wibuke ko ufite uburyo bwinshi bwo kugenzura ibyago bya kanseri y’impyiko kurusha uko ushobora kubitekereza. Impinduka zoroheje mu mibereho nko kutamenywa itabi, kugumana ibiro byiza, no kugenzura umuvuduko w’amaraso bishobora kugabanya cyane amahirwe yawe yo kurwara iyo ndwara.

Niba ubonye ubuvuzi bwa kanseri y’impyiko, menya ko uburyo bwo kuvura bwarushijeho kuba bwiza mu myaka ya vuba. Korana bya hafi n’ikipe yawe y’ubuvuzi, babaze ibibazo, kandi ntutinye gushaka ibindi byo kuvura ku byemezo bikomeye byo kuvura. Nturi wenyine muri uru rugendo.

Ibibazo byakunze kubazwa kuri kanseri y’impyiko

Urashobora kubaho ubuzima busanzwe ufite impyiko imwe?

Yego, ushobora kubaho ubuzima busanzwe ufite impyiko imwe nzima. Impyiko yawe isigaye izakura ikaba nini kandi ikore cyane kugira ngo iboneze impyiko ibuze, isanzwe ikora imirimo yose yo gusukura umubiri wawe ukeneye. Abantu benshi ntibabona impinduka mu kuntu bumva buri munsi nyuma yo kubagwa impyiko.

Kanser ya impyiko isanzwe itera urupfu?

Kanser ya impyiko ntisanzwe itera urupfu, cyane cyane iyo ifashwe hakiri kare. Igipimo cy’abakira mu myaka itanu kuri kanseri y’impyiko itarageze ku zindi ngingo ni hejuru ya 90%. Nubwo kanseri yiyamye mu duce duherereye hafi, abantu benshi babaho imyaka myinshi bafite ubuzima bwiza binyuze mu buvuzi bugezweho.

Ububabare bwa kanseri y’impyiko bumva bumeze gute?

Ububabare bwa kanseri y’impyiko busanzwe bumva nk’ububabare buke cyangwa ikibazo gihoraho mu kibuno, mu mugongo, cyangwa mu gice cy’impyiko. Bitandukanye n’ububabare bw’imitsi buza bugashira, ubwo bubabare busanzwe buhoraho kandi ntibukire nubwo uhinduye imyanya cyangwa uruhuka. Bamwe mu bantu babivuga nk’ikibazo gikomeye kuruta ububabare bukabije cyangwa bukomera.

Kanser ya impyiko ikwirakwira vuba gute?

Umuvuduko wo gukura kwa kanseri y’impyiko utandukanye cyane bitewe n’ubwoko n’ibintu by’umuntu ku giti cye. Zimwe muri kanseri z’impyiko zikura gahoro gahoro mu myaka myinshi, mu gihe izindi zishobora gukwirakwira vuba mu mezi make. Icyinshi cya kanseri y’uturemangingo tw’impyiko ikura mu muvuduko uciriritse, niyo mpamvu gukurikirana buri gihe no kuvura ku gihe ari ingenzi cyane.

Kanser ya impyiko ishobora gusubira nyuma yo kuvurwa?

Kanser ya impyiko ishobora gusubira nyuma yo kuvurwa, niyo mpamvu gukurikirana inama buri gihe ari ingenzi cyane. Ariko, igipimo cyo gusubira cyagabanutse kubera uburyo bwiza bwo kubaga n’ubuvuzi bwiza. Icyinshi cyo gusubira bibaho mu myaka mike nyuma yo kuvurwa, kandi byinshi bishobora kuvurwa neza niba bifashwe hakiri kare binyuze mu gukurikirana.