Ijisho Ritora: Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n'Ubuvuzi

Ijisho ritora, rizwi mu mvugo y'abaganga nka amblyopia, ribaho iyo ijisho rimwe ritatera ubona busanzwe mu bwana. Ibi bituma ubwonko bwawe buhita bukunda ijisho rikomeye kandi bugasiga irindi.

Tekereza ko ubwonko bwawe buhitamo kwiringira ijisho rimwe kurusha irindi, kimwe no gukunda ukuboko ukunda gukoresha. Nubwo ibi bishobora kuba bigoye, ijisho ritora ni ikintu gisanzwe, kigira abana bagera kuri 2-3%. Inkuru nziza ni uko hakiri kare hamenyekanye kandi hakabaho ubuvuzi bukwiye, abana benshi bashobora kubona neza.

Ijisho ritora ni iki?

Ijisho ritora ribaho iyo ubwonko bwawe n'ijisho rimwe bidakora hamwe neza mu myaka y'iterambere ry'ubona. Ubwonko bwawe bwiga kwiringira cyane ijisho ribona neza, mu gihe irindi riba “ritora” kubera kudakoreshejwe.

Iki kibazo gisanzwe kiba mbere y'imyaka 8, ubwo uburyo bwawe bw'ubona bugikora. Ijisho ryangiritse si uko “ryamenetse” cyangwa ryangiritse. Ahubwo, inzira z'imiterere y'ubwonko hagati y'ijisho n'ubwonko bwawe ntiziterambere nkuko bikwiye. Niyo mpamvu gutabara hakiri kare ari ingenzi cyane - ubwonko bwawe buhinduka cyane muri iyo myaka mito.

Ni ngombwa kumva ko ijisho ritora atari ikintu kiba mu kanya gato. Iki kibazo gitera gahoro gahoro uko uburyo bw'ubona bw'umwana wawe bugenda bukura, niyo mpamvu isuzuma ry'amaso rikomeye mu bwana ari ingenzi cyane.

Ibimenyetso by'ijisho ritora ni ibihe?

Kumenya ijisho ritora bishobora kuba bigoye kuko abana bakunda kwihanganira neza ku buryo ibimenyetso bigaragara ntibibaho buri gihe. Ariko kandi, hari ibimenyetso byinshi ushobora kureba bishobora kwerekana ko umwana wawe afite ibibazo by'ubona hagati y'amaso ye.

Dore ibimenyetso bisanzwe byo kureba:

• Ijisho rimwe rigana imbere, hanze, hejuru, cyangwa hasi
• Amaso asa n'atadukorana
• Ubushobozi buke bwo kubona ibintu biri kure cyangwa kugaragaza intera
• Guhindisha amaso cyangwa gufunga ijisho rimwe kenshi
• Guhindisha umutwe ku ruhande rumwe iyo ureba ibintu
• Kugira ikibazo mu bikorwa bisaba ubona bwiza, nko gufata umupira
• Kugira ibibazo by'amaso cyangwa umutwe nyuma yo gukora ibikorwa bisaba ubona

Bamwe mu bana bagira ibimenyetso bito bigoye kubona. Bashobora gukubita ibintu ku ruhande rumwe, bagira ibibazo byo kuzamuka amande, cyangwa bagasa n'abafite ikibazo mu mikino. Ibyo bikorwa bikunze kugaragaza ibibazo bivuka kubera kugabanuka kw'ubushobozi bwo kubona intera.

Kumenya ko abana benshi bafite ijisho ritora nta bimenyetso bigaragara. Ni ukubera ko ubwonko bwabo buhinduka neza mu gusimbuza, niyo mpamvu isuzuma ry'amaso ryakozwe n'inzobere ari bwo buryo bwizewe bwo kubona iki kibazo.

Ubwoko bw'ijisho ritora ni ubuhe?

Ijisho ritora rifite uburyo butandukanye, buri bwoko bukomoka ku mpamvu zitandukanye. Kumva ubwo bwoko bishobora kugufasha gusobanukirwa neza icyaba kiri kuba ku bwonko bw'umwana wawe.

Ubwoko butatu nyamukuru ni:

• Amblyopia ya strabismic: Ibi bibaho iyo amaso y'umwana wawe adahura neza, bigatera kubona ibintu bibiri. Ubwonko buzimya ishusho iva mu jisho ritahura neza
• Amblyopia ya refractive: Ibi biterwa no kutangana kw'ubona hagati y'amaso yombi, bituma ijisho rimwe rikora cyane kurusha irindi
• Amblyopia ya deprivation: Ibi bibaho iyo ikintu cyabujije umucyo kwinjira mu jisho rimwe mu iterambere rya mbere, nka cataracte cyangwa umupfundikizo w'ijisho uremereye

Amblyopia ya strabismic niyo benshi batekerezaho iyo batekereza ku jisho ritora, kuko kudahura kw'amaso kenshi biboneka. Ariko kandi, amblyopia ya refractive ishobora kuba ikomeye kandi kenshi biba bigoye kuyibona udafite isuzuma ryakozwe n'inzobere.

Amblyopia ya deprivation ni ubwoko buke ariko bukomeye, kuko isaba ubuvuzi bwihuse kugira ngo hirindwe igihombo cy'ubona burundu. Ibyiza ni uko ubwo bwoko busanzwe bumenyekana hakiri kare kuko ikibazo cy'umubiri kenshi kiba kigaragara.

Impamvu ziterwa n'ijisho ritora ni izihe?

Ijisho ritora ribaho iyo ikintu cyabujije iterambere ry'ubona risanzwe mu myaka ya mbere y'umwana wawe. Impamvu nyamukuru ni uko ubwonko bwawe bubona amakuru y'ubona adafatika cyangwa atandukanye ava mu jisho rimwe, bigatuma buhita bukunda ishusho isobanutse iva mu rindi jisho.

Ibintu byinshi bishobora gutera uyu mucyo:

• Kudahuza kw'imitsi y'amaso: Iyo imitsi igenzura imiterere y'amaso idakora hamwe neza, bituma amaso ahura cyangwa agendagenda
• Kutangana kw'ubona: Iyo ijisho rimwe rikeneye ubuvuzi bukomeye kurusha irindi kubera kureba nabi, kureba kure, cyangwa astigmatism
• Ibintu byabujije: Ibintu nka cataracte yavutse, ptosis ikomeye (umupfundikizo w'ijisho uremereye), cyangwa ibikomere by'umunyura mu jisho bibuza umucyo kugera kuri retina
• Imirire: Amateka y'umuryango w'ijisho ritora, amaso ahura, cyangwa kutangana kw'ubona bikomeye byongera ibyago

Rimwe na rimwe, impamvu zidafatika zishobora gutera iterambere ry'ijisho ritora. Ibyo bishobora kuba harimo ibibazo by'imiterere y'umubiri, ibibazo byo kuvuka imburagihe, cyangwa gutinda kw'iterambere bigira ingaruka ku iterambere ry'ubona. Mu bihe bidafatika, ibibazo bikomeye nka retina cyangwa ibibazo by'umutsi w'amaso bishobora kandi gutera amblyopia.

Icy'ingenzi ni uko ijisho ritora ritaterwa n'icyo wakoze cyangwa utakoreye nk'umubyeyi. Ibyo ni ibibazo by'iterambere bibaho mu buryo busanzwe, kandi hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye, bishobora guhangana neza.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera ijisho ritora?

Ugomba gahunda isuzuma ry'amaso niba ubona ibimenyetso byerekana ko amaso y'umwana wawe adakora hamwe neza. Kumenya hakiri kare no kuvura byongera cyane amahirwe yo kubona neza mu maso yombi.

Hamagara umuganga w'amaso niba ubona:

• Ijisho ryose rigana imbere, hanze, hejuru, cyangwa hasi nyuma y'amezi 4
• Guhindisha amaso cyangwa gufunga ijisho rimwe kenshi
• Guhindisha umutwe cyangwa gushyira umutwe mu buryo budasanzwe iyo ureba ibintu
• Kudahuza cyangwa gukubita ibintu kenshi
• Ibibazo by'amaso, umutwe, cyangwa kubona ibintu bibiri
• Kugira ikibazo mu bikorwa bisaba ubona bwiza nko gufata umupira cyangwa kumanuka amande

Ndetse niba utazi ibimenyetso by'ubuzima, isuzuma ry'amaso rikomeye ni ingenzi. Ishyirahamwe ry'Abana rya Amerika risaba isuzuma ry'ubona ku myaka 4, kandi impuguke nyinshi zirasuzuma hakiri kare niba hari amateka y'ibibazo by'amaso mu muryango.

Ntugatege amatwi niba ufite impungenge - kuvura ijisho ritora bikora cyane iyo bitangiye hakiri kare. Uburyo bw'ubona bw'umwana wawe buhinduka cyane mu myaka 7-8 ya mbere y'ubuzima, bituma iyi ari yo myaka ikwiye yo gutabara.

Ibyago byo kugira ijisho ritora ni ibihe?

Ibintu bimwe bishobora kongera amahirwe y'umwana wawe yo kugira ijisho ritora. Nubwo kugira ibyo byago bidatanga icyizere ko iki kibazo kizabaho, kubimenya bishobora kugufasha kuba maso kugira ngo umenye ibimenyetso hakiri kare.

Ibyago by'ingenzi birimo:

• Amateka y'umuryango: Ababyeyi cyangwa abavandimwe bafite ijisho ritora, amaso ahura, cyangwa ibibazo bikomeye by'ubona
• Kuza ku isi imburagihe: Abana bavutse mbere y'ibyumweru 37 cyangwa bafite ibiro bike
• Gutinda kw'iterambere: Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku iterambere rusange bishobora kugira ingaruka ku iterambere ry'ubona
• Ibibazo by'ubona bikomeye: Ibibazo bikomeye byo kureba nabi, kureba kure, cyangwa astigmatism
• Ibibazo by'imitsi y'amaso: Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku mitsi igenzura imiterere y'amaso

Hari ibindi byago bike bikwiye kwitabwaho. Ibyo birimo ibibazo by'imiterere y'umubiri nka Down syndrome, ikoreshwa ry'ibiyobyabwenge na nyina mu gihe atwite, cyangwa ibibazo mu gihe cyo kubyara bigira ingaruka ku mpuha igera ku bwonko.

Kugira ibyago bivuze ko ugomba kwita cyane ku iterambere ry'ubona bw'umwana wawe kandi ukaba maso mu isuzuma ry'amaso. Abana benshi bafite ibyago byinshi ntibagira ijisho ritora, mu gihe abandi badafite ibyago bigaragara babigira.

Ibibazo bishoboka by'ijisho ritora ni ibihe?

Iyo ijisho ritora ritavuwe, rishobora gutera ibibazo by'ubona burundu bigira ingaruka ku mwana wawe mu buzima bwe bwose. Inkuru nziza ni uko ibyo bibazo bishobora kwirindwa mu gihe hakiri kare hamenyekanye kandi hakabaho ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Ibibazo bikomeye birimo:

• Igihombo cy'ubona burundu: Ijisho ryangiritse rishobora kutagera ku bwonko busanzwe niba ubuvuzi butinze
• Ubushobozi buke bwo kubona intera: Kugira ikibazo cyo kubona intera, bigira ingaruka ku bikorwa nko gutwara imodoka, imikino, no kuzamuka amande
• Kubona nabi: Niba ijisho rikomeye ryangiritse cyangwa rigira ibibazo, nta jisho rindi rifite ubona bwiza
• Ibibazo by'ishuri: Kugira ikibazo cyo gusoma n'ibikorwa bisaba ubona bwiza
• Ingaruka ku mibanire n'amarangamutima: Kugira ipfunwe kubera isura y'ijisho cyangwa kwiheba kubera ibibazo by'ubona

Ibibazo bidafatika ariko bikomeye bishobora kubaho mu bihe bimwe na bimwe. Urugero, niba amblyopia ya deprivation iterwa na cataracte yavutse idavuwe mu cyumweru cya mbere cy'ubuzima, ijisho ryangiritse rishobora kutagera ku bwonko bukoreshwa, nubwo hakozwe ubuvuzi nyuma.

Ukuri gushimishije ni uko ibyinshi muri ibyo bibazo bishobora kwirindwa hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye. Nubwo ijisho ritora rimenyekanye nyuma mu bwana, iterambere ry'ubona rikomeye rikunze kuba rishoboka, nubwo gutabara hakiri kare bikunze gutanga umusaruro mwiza.

Uko ijisho ritora rishobora kwirindwa

Nubwo utazi kwirinda ijisho ritora rwose, kuko ibyinshi mu bibazo biterwa n'ibibazo by'iterambere, ushobora gufata ingamba z'ingenzi zo kubimenya hakiri kare iyo ubuvuzi bukora cyane.

Ingamba z'ingenzi zo kwirinda zibanda ku kumenya hakiri kare:

• Tegura isuzuma ry'amaso ry'abana hakiri kare, cyangwa hakiri kare niba byasabwe
• Kuba maso ku bimenyetso byo kudahuza kw'amaso cyangwa imyitwarire idasanzwe y'ubona
• Kwirinda amaso mu bikorwa kugira ngo hirindwe imvune z'amaso
• Kuvura ibibazo by'amaso vuba niba ari ngombwa
• Kwitabira gahunda y'abaganga b'amaso

Niba umuryango wawe ufite amateka y'ibibazo by'amaso, tekereza ku isuzuma ry'amaso hakiri kare kandi kenshi. Bamwe mu bahanga basaba isuzuma rya mbere ku myaka 1-2 ku bana bafite ibyago bikomeye.

Kwibuka ko kwirinda ijisho ritora ari ukwitabwaho hakiri kare kuruta kwirinda iki kibazo rwose. Iyo ijisho ritora rimenyekanye kandi rikavurwa hakiri kare, umusaruro mwiza ku iterambere ry'ubona bw'umwana wawe.

Uko ijisho ritora rimenyekana

Kumenya ijisho ritora bisaba isuzuma ry'amaso ryakozwe n'inzobere. Bazakoresha ibizamini byinshi kugira ngo barebe neza uko buri jisho ribona n'uko amaso y'umwana wawe akorana.

Uburyo bwo kumenya busanzwe burimo:

• Isuzuma ry'ubona: Kureba neza uko buri jisho ribona hakoreshejwe imbonerahamwe cyangwa ibizamini bikwiye
• Isuzuma ry'imiterere y'amaso: Kureba niba amaso akorana neza kandi akaba mu cyerekezo kimwe
• Kupima ibibazo by'ubona: Kumenya niba hari ibibuza kureba nabi, kureba kure, cyangwa astigmatism
• Isuzuma ry'ubuzima bw'amaso: Kureba imbere mu maso kugira ngo harebwe cataracte, ibindi bibazo, cyangwa ibibazo by'ubuzima
• Isuzuma ry'ubushobozi bwo kubona intera: Kureba neza uko amaso yombi akorana kugira ngo abone intera

Ku bana bato badasoma inyuguti, abaganga b'amaso bakoresha uburyo bwihariye nka imbonerahamwe z'amashusho, amatara, cyangwa ibizamini bidakeneye ibisubizo by'amagambo. Ibyo buryo bishobora gupima ubona neza no mu bana bato.

Isuzuma ntiribabaza kandi risanzwe rimara iminota 30-60. Umuganga wawe w'amaso ashobora gukoresha amavuta kugira ngo atume ubona bw'umwana wawe buhinduka igihe gito kugira ngo abone isuzuma ryiza, rero gutegura ubona buhinduka amasaha make nyuma.

Ubuvuzi bw'ijisho ritora ni ubuhe?

Ubuvuzi bw'ijisho ritora bugamije gushishikariza ubwonko bw'umwana wawe gukoresha ijisho ritari rikomeye, bituma rigira ubona bwiza. Uburyo buhariye biterwa n'icyateye amblyopia n'uburemere bwayo.

Ubuvuzi busanzwe burimo:

• Imyenda cyangwa lentilles: Imyenda cyangwa lentilles zikwiye iyo ibibazo by'ubona bigira uruhare muri iki kibazo
• Gupakira amaso: Gupfundikira ijisho rikomeye igihe runaka kugira ngo ubwonko bugire ijisho ritari rikomeye
• Amavuta ya atropine: Imiti ituma ubona buhinduka mu jisho rikomeye, ishishikariza gukoresha ijisho ritari rikomeye
• Ubuvuzi bw'ubona: Imikino yihariye igamije kunoza uburyo amaso akorana no gutunganya ubona
• Ubuvuzi: Bikenewe iyo ibibazo by'imitsi y'amaso cyangwa ibintu byabujije bisaba kuvurwa

Ubuvuzi bugira icyo bukoze cyane cyane iyo bwatangiye hakiri kare, mbere y'imyaka 7-8 ubwo uburyo bw'ubona buhinduka cyane. Ariko kandi, iterambere rimwe rikunze kuba rishoboka nubwo ubuvuzi butangiye nyuma mu bwana cyangwa mu bugimbi.

Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga bazakora gahunda y'ubuvuzi ihuye n'ibyo umwana wawe akeneye. Abana benshi bakeneye amezi menshi kugira ngo bavurwe, bakurikiranwe kugira ngo bahinduke uko ubona bugenda buhinduka.

Uko ushobora kuvura ijisho ritora mu rugo

Kuvura ijisho ritora mu rugo neza bisaba kwihangana, gukomeza, n'uburyo bwiza bwo gufasha umwana wawe gukorana n'ubuvuzi bwahawe. Ubuvuzi bwinshi bukora neza iyo bukurikijwe neza nkuko byasabwe n'umuganga w'amaso.

Dore uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura mu rugo:

• Kora gahunda: Shyiraho igihe cyo gupakira amaso cyangwa amavuta bihuye n'imirimo ya buri munsi
• Bikorane amashusho: Koresha imipfundikizo y'amabara, reka umwana wawe ayihindure, cyangwa ukore imikino mu gihe cyo gupakira amaso
• Tegura ibikorwa bishimishije: Tegura ibikorwa bikunzwe nko gushushanya, puzzle, cyangwa gukoresha ecran mu gihe cyo gupakira amaso
• Kumenya aho bigeze: Kora kalendari yoroshye kugira ngo ugaragaze ibyakozwe kandi wihimbaze ibyagezweho
• Kwita ku bibazo by'uburwayi: Niba imipfundikizo itera uburibwe bw'uruhu, gerageza izindi mpuzandengo cyangwa ubaze ibindi bishobora gukoreshwa

Tegereza impagarara mu ntangiriro - ibi ni ibisanzwe. Abana benshi basanga gupakira amaso bitoroshye cyangwa bibi mu ntangiriro. Komeza kwihangana kandi ukomeze uhe inkunga nyinshi n'ishimwe kubera ubufatanye.

Komeza kuvugana n'itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga ku bijyanye n'uko ubuvuzi bugenda mu rugo. Bashobora gutanga ubundi buryo cyangwa bahindura gahunda y'ubuvuzi niba ugira ibibazo bikomeye.

Uko wakwitegura gusura muganga

Kwitunganya gusura umuganga w'amaso w'umwana wawe bishobora kugufasha kubona amakuru meza kandi bigatuma uruzinduko rugenda neza. Gutegura gato bigira uruhare mu gukemura impungenge zawe no gusobanukirwa ibyo umwana wawe akeneye.

Mbere y'uruzinduko, kora ibi:

• Amateka y'umuryango w'ibibazo by'amaso, ijisho ritora, cyangwa amaso ahura
• Urutonde rw'imiti iriho cyangwa amavuta y'amaso
• Inyandiko z'imyitwarire cyangwa ibimenyetso byihariye wabonye
• Ibibazo ku bijyanye n'ubuvuzi, igihe, n'ibyitezwe
• Ibikorwa bikunzwe by'umwana wawe bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bibazo by'ubona

Fasha umwana wawe kwitegura ubisobanurira ko muganga w'amaso azareba amaso ye kugira ngo arebe niba akora neza. Muhe icyizere ko isuzuma ritazamubabaza, nubwo ashobora kubona amavuta amutera kubona nabi igihe gito.

Tegura uruzinduko kugira ngo rwamere igihe kirekire kurusha ibyo witeze, cyane cyane niba ari isuzuma rya mbere ry'amaso. Zana ibikorwa byo gufasha umwana wawe kwidagadura niba hari igihe cyo gutegereza, kandi utegure undi muntu uzamutwara mu rugo niba umwana wawe ahabwa amavuta amutera kubona nabi.

Icy'ingenzi ku jisho ritora

Ijisho ritora ni ikibazo gisanzwe cy'ubona mu bana kivurwa neza iyo kimenyekanye hakiri kare. Nubwo bishobora kuba bigoye mu ntangiriro, ukuri ni uko abana benshi bafite ijisho ritora bashobora kubona neza hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Icy'ingenzi ni uko kumenya hakiri kare ari cyo kigira uruhare mu gutsinda ubuvuzi. Isuzuma ry'amaso rikomeye mu bwana, kuba maso ku bimenyetso bishoboka, no gukurikiza ubuvuzi busabwa ni byo bikoresho byiza byo guha umwana wawe ubona bwiza.

Niba umwana wawe yamenyweho ijisho ritora, menya ko utari wenyine muri uru rugendo. Ufite kwihangana, gukomeza, n'inkunga y'itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga, abana benshi bahura neza n'ubuvuzi kandi bakomeza kubaho neza, bafite ubona bwiza.

Ibibazo byakunze kubazwa ku jisho ritora

Ijisho ritora rishobora gukira burundu?

Nubwo “gukira” bishobora kuba ijambo rikomeye, ijisho ritora rishobora kuvurwa neza, cyane cyane iyo rimenyekanye hakiri kare. Abana benshi bagira ubona bwiza mu jisho ryangiritse hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye. Icy'ingenzi ni ukutangira ubuvuzi mu myaka y'iterambere iyo ubwonko buhinduka cyane.

Umwana wanjye azakenera kwambara imyenda iteka ryose?

Ibi biterwa n'icyateye ijisho ritora. Niba ibibazo by'ubona nko kureba nabi cyangwa kureba kure ari byo bituma bibaho, umwana wawe azakenera imyenda igihe kirekire. Ariko kandi, ubuvuzi bw'amaso bushobora guhinduka uko amaso ye agenda akura, kandi bamwe mu bana basanga bakeneye ubuvuzi buke uko igihe gihita.

Ubuvuzi bw'ijisho ritora busanzwe buramara igihe kingana iki?

Igihe ubuvuzi buramara gitandukanye cyane bitewe n'uburemere bw'iki kibazo n'igihe cyamenyekanye. Bamwe mu bana babona iterambere mu mezi make, mu gihe abandi bashobora gukenera ubuvuzi imyaka myinshi. Ibigenewe ubuvuzi bwinshi birimo gukurikiranwa buri gihe n'impinduka zikorerwa uko ubona bugenda buhinduka.

Abakuze bashobora kugira ijisho ritora cyangwa ni ikibazo cy'abana gusa?

Ijisho ritora riba mu bwana ubwo uburyo bw'ubona bugikora, mbere y'imyaka 8. Abakuze ntibagira ijisho ritora, ariko bashobora kumenya ijisho ritora ritamenyekanye mu bwana. Nubwo ubuvuzi bw'abakuze ari bugoranye, iterambere rimwe riracyashoboka hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukomeye.

Ni byiza ko umwana wanjye yitabira imikino afite ijisho ritora?

Abana benshi bafite ijisho ritora bashobora kwitabira imikino, nubwo bashobora gukenera igihe cyo kugira ubuhanga busaba ubona bwiza. Vugana n'umuganga w'amaso wawe ku bijyanye n'impungenge zihariye. Imyenda yo kurinda amaso ni ingenzi cyane ku bana bafite ijisho ritora kuko kurinda ijisho rikomeye bihinduka ingenzi cyane.