Legionellosis

Indwara ya Legionnaires ni ubwoko bukomeye bwa pneumonia—kubyimba kw'ibihaha bisanzwe biterwa n'ubwandu. Iterwa na bakteriye izwi nka legionella.

Abantu benshi bandura indwara ya Legionnaires binyuze mu guhumeka bakteriye iva mu mazi cyangwa mu butaka. Abakuze, abanywa itabi n'abafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri butameze neza nibo bahora bafite ibyago byo kwandura indwara ya Legionnaires.

Bakteriye ya legionella itera kandi indwara ya Pontiac, indwara itoroshye isa na grippe. Indwara ya Pontiac isanzwe ikira yonyine, ariko indwara ya Legionnaires itabonye ubuvuzi ishobora kwica. Nubwo kuvurwa vuba hakoreshejwe imiti igwanya udukoko bisanzwe bikiza indwara ya Legionnaires, hari bamwe bakomeza kugira ibibazo nyuma yo kuvurwa.

Indwara ya Legionnaires isanzwe iba nyuma y'iminsi ibiri kugeza ku icumi nyuma yo kwandura udukoko twa legionella. Akenshi itangira ifite ibimenyetso n'ibibonwa bikurikira:

• Kubabara umutwe
• Kubabara imikaya
• Urufuriro rushobora kuba 104 F (40 C) cyangwa hejuru

Ku munsi wa kabiri cyangwa uwa gatatu, uzabona ibindi bimenyetso n'ibibonwa bishobora kuba birimo:

• Ukohoka, bishobora kuzana imyanda ndetse rimwe na rimwe amaraso
• Guhumeka nabi
• Kubabara mu gituza
• Ibimenyetso by'indwara y'igifu, nko kubabara mu nda, kuruka no kugira impiswi
• Ubwenge buke cyangwa ibindi bihinduka mu bwenge

N'ubwo indwara ya Legionnaires ikunda kwibasira imyanya y'ubuhumekero, rimwe na rimwe ishobora guteza ibyorezo mu bikomere no mu bindi bice by'umubiri, harimo n'umutima.

Ubwoko buke bwa Legionnaires - buzwi nka Pontiac fever - bushobora gutera umuriro, gukonja, kubabara umutwe no kubabara imikaya. Pontiac fever ntiyibasira imyanya y'ubuhumekero, kandi ibimenyetso bisanzwe bikira mu minsi ibiri kugeza kuri itanu.

Jya kwa muganga niba utekereza ko wahuraga na bakteriya ya legionella. Gusobanura no kuvura indwara ya Legionnaires' mu buryo bwihuse bishobora kugufasha kugabanya igihe cyo gukira no gukumira ingaruka zikomeye. Ku bantu bafite ibyago byinshi, nka barumogi cyangwa abakuze, kuvurwa vuba ni ingenzi.

Udukoko twa Legionella pneumophila ni two dukora indwara ya Legionnaires muri byinshi. Hanze, udukoko twa legionella turaba mu butaka no mu mazi, ariko gake cyane bigatera indwara. Ariko kandi, udukoko twa legionella dushobora kwiyongera mu masistemu y'amazi yakozwe n'abantu, nka za air conditioners. Nubwo bishoboka kurwara indwara ya Legionnaires binyuze mu gufata amazi yo mu rugo, ibyorezo byinshi byabaye mu nyubako nini, kuko sisitemu zikomeye zituma udukoko twiyongera kandi dukwiragira byoroshye. Nanone, ibikoresho byo konjesha umwuka mu ngo no mu modoka ntibikoresha amazi mu konjesha.

Si abantu bose bahuye na bakteriya ya legionella barwara. Ukeneye kuba ufite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura iyo:

• Unywa itabi. Kunywa itabi bwangiza imyanya y'ubuhumekero, bigatuma ugira ibyago byinshi byo kwandura indwara zose zibasira imyanya y'ubuhumekero.
• Ufite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buke. Ibi bishobora guterwa na virusi itera SIDA (HIV)/SIDA cyangwa imiti imwe n'imwe, cyane cyane imiti ya corticoïdes n'imiti ifatwa mu rwego rwo gukumira ko umubiri wananirwa kwakira uruhare nyuma yo kubagwa.
• Ufite indwara zidakira zibasira imyanya y'ubuhumekero cyangwa izindi ndwara zikomeye. Ibi birimo umwaga, diyabete, indwara z'impyiko cyangwa kanseri.
• Ufite imyaka 50 cyangwa hejuru.

Indwara ya Legionnaires ishobora kuba ikibazo mu bitaro no mu bigo byita ku bantu bakuze, aho mikorobe ishobora gukwirakwira byoroshye kandi abantu bagira ubwoba bwo kwandura.

Indwara ya Legionnaires ishobora gutera ingaruka nyinshi zishobora guhitana umuntu, zirimo:

• Gucika intege z'ubuhumekero. Ibi bibaho iyo muhumekero utashoboye gutanga umubiri wawe ogisijeni ihagije cyangwa udakurura imyotsi ya karubone ihagije mu maraso.
• Ishoke ya septique. Ibi bibaho iyo hatunguwe igabanuka rikomeye ry'umuvuduko w'amaraso bigatuma amaraso adatembera neza mu ngingo z'ingenzi, cyane cyane mu mpyiko no mu bwonko. Umutima ugerageza kwishyura ibintu binyongereye umubare w'amaraso upompa, ariko akazi k'inyongera amaherezo kagabanya imbaraga z'umutima kandi kagabanya umuvuduko w'amaraso kurushaho.
• Gucika intege kw'impyiko mu buryo bukabije. Ibi ni ukubura kw'ubushobozi bw'impyiko zawe bwo gukuraho imyanda mu maraso yawe. Iyo impyiko zawe zananiranye, urugero rw'amazi n'imyanda biba byinshi mu mubiri wawe.

Iyo idakuweho vuba, indwara ya Legionnaires ishobora kwica.

Ibi byorezo bya indwara ya Legionnaires birindwa, ariko gukumira bisaba ko uburyo bwo gucunga amazi mu nyubako buhamye ko amazi akurikiranwa kandi agakururwa buri gihe. Kugira ngo ugarure ibyago byawe bwite, irinda kunywa itabi.

Indwara ya Legionnaires irasa n'izindi ndwara z'igituntu. Kugira ngo muganga wawe abone vuba udukoko twa legionella, ashobora gukoresha ikizamini kigenzura umwanya wawe kugira ngo arebe antijene za legionella - ibintu by'amahanga bitera igikorwa cy'umubiri. Ibindi bipimo bishobora kuba birimo:

• Ibizamini by'amaraso n'umwanya
• X-ray y'amabere, idahamya indwara ya Legionnaires ariko ishobora kwerekana uburemere bw'ubwandu mu bihaha byawe
• Ibizamini ku gice cy'umusemburo wawe cyangwa umubiri w'ibihaha

Indwara ya Legionnaires irarwanywa n'imiti igabanya ubukana bw'ibyorezo. Uko kuvura gutangirwa vuba, ni ko amahirwe yo kugira ingaruka zikomeye agabanuka. Mu bihe byinshi, kuvura bisaba kujya mu bitaro. Umuhumeka wa Pontiac ucika ubwe nta kuvura kandi nta kibazo gikomeza kubaho.