Indwara ya Legionnaires ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n'Ubuvuzi

Indwara ya Legionnaires ni ubwoko bukomeye bwa pneumonia iterwa na bagiteri witwa Legionella. Ubu bwandu bw'ibihaha buva mu guhumeka amazi arimo izo bagiteri, zisanzwe ziba mu masistemi y'amazi nka za cooling towers, za jacuzzi, n'imigozi y'amazi.

Nubwo izina ryayo rishobora gutera ubwoba, kumva iyi ndwara bizagufasha kumenya ibimenyetso hakiri kare ukabona ubuvuzi bukwiye. Abantu benshi bafite ubuzima bwiza bahuye na Legionella ntibarwara, ariko iyo ubwandu bubayeho, kuvurwa vuba na antibiyotike bifite akamaro cyane.

Indwara ya Legionnaires ni iki?

Indwara ya Legionnaires ni ubwandu bw'ibihaha bwo mu bagiteri bugira ingaruka ku mikorere y'ubuhumekero nk'izindi ndwara za pneumonia. Bagiteri ya Legionella ikwirakwira mu midugudu y'amazi ashyushye kandi itera indwara iyo amazi make yanduye ahumetswe mu bihaha.

Iyi ndwara yiswe iri zina nyuma y'icyorezo cyabaye mu 1976 mu nama y'abanyamerika ya American Legion i Philadelphia. Kuva icyo gihe, abaganga bamenye byinshi ku buryo bwo gukumira, kuvura no kuvura iyi ndwara neza.

Iyi ndwara isanzwe iba nyuma y'iminsi 2 kugeza kuri 10 nyuma yo guhura na bagiteri. Ubusanzwe, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buhangana n'umubare muke wa Legionella, ariko rimwe na rimwe bagiteri zishobora kurenga imbaraga z'umubiri kandi zigatera ubwandu.

Ibimenyetso by'Indwara ya Legionnaires ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso by'indwara ya Legionnaires bikunze gutangira buhoro buhoro kandi bishobora kumera nk'izindi ndwara z'ubuhumekero. Kumenya hakiri kare bifasha guhita uhabwa ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Ibimenyetso bisanzwe ushobora kugira birimo:

• Umuriro mwinshi, ukunze kugera kuri 40°C cyangwa hejuru
• Gukonja n'ububabare bw'imikaya mu mubiri wose
• Inkorora ishobora gukuraho ibinure cyangwa amaraso
• Guhumeka nabi, cyane cyane mu gihe ukora imyitozo
• Ububabare bwo mu gituza buzamuka iyo uhumeka cyane
• Uburwayi bukabije bw'umutwe
• Uburwayi n'intege nke

Bamwe mu bantu barwara kandi ibimenyetso byo mu gifu nko kubabara mu nda, kuruka, cyangwa guhitamo. Ibi bimenyetso byo mu gifu bishobora gufasha gutandukanya indwara ya Legionnaires n'izindi ndwara za pneumonia.

Gake cyane, ushobora kugira ikibazo cyo gutekereza, guhinduka mu mitekerereze, cyangwa ibibazo byo guhuza ibintu. Ibi bimenyetso byo mu bwonko bibaho kuko ubwandu bushobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y'ubwonko, cyane cyane mu ndwara zikomeye.

Ubundi bwoko bw'Indwara ya Legionnaires buhari?

Bagiteri ya Legionella ishobora gutera ubwoko bubiri butandukanye bw'indwara, buri bwoko bufite ubukana n'ibimenyetso bitandukanye. Kumva ibyo bitandukanye bifasha gusobanura impamvu bamwe barwara cyane abandi bagira ibimenyetso bike.

Indwara ya Legionnaires ni ubwoko bukomeye, itera pneumonia ifite ibimenyetso byavuzwe haruguru. Ubu bwoko busaba kujyanwa mu bitaro no kuvurwa na antibiyotike mu bihe byinshi.

Umuvuduko wa Pontiac ni ubwoko buke butera indwara isa nka grippe idafite pneumonia. Abantu barwaye umuvuduko wa Pontiac bakunze kugira umuriro, ububabare bw'umutwe, n'ububabare bw'imikaya bikira ukwabyo mu minsi 2 kugeza kuri 5 nta buvuzi bwabugenewe.

Izi ndwara zombi ziterwa no guhura na bagiteri ya Legionella imwe. Itandukaniro mu bukana rikunda guterwa n'ibintu nka kuba umuntu mukuru, ubuzima rusange, n'imbaraga z'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri.

Impamvu ziterwa na Legionnaires ni izihe?

Indwara ya Legionnaires iterwa no guhumeka amazi yanduye bagiteri ya Legionella. Izi bagiteri zisanzwe ziba mu mazi meza ariko zigira ikibazo iyo zikwirakwira mu masistemi y'amazi yakozwe n'abantu.

Inkomoko zisanzwe z'ubwandu zirimo:

• Cooling towers na air conditioning systems mu nyubako nini
• Za jacuzzi na spas, cyane cyane izi zitabitswe neza
• Amazi ashyushye n'ibikoresho byayo
• Imigozi y'amazi mu mahoteli, amavuriro, cyangwa amato
• Imisomyo y'amazi mu maduka
• Piscine zitabitswe neza

Bagiteri ya Legionella ikura neza mu mazi ashyushye ari hagati ya 20°C na 45°C. Ikwirakwira vuba iyo masistemi y'amazi adasukuwe kandi adahumurizwa neza.

Ntushobora kwandura indwara ya Legionnaires uvuye ku muntu ku wundi cyangwa unyweye amazi yanduye. Ubwandu buva mu guhumeka amazi make arimo bagiteri.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera indwara ya Legionnaires?

Ukwiye gushaka ubuvuzi vuba ubonye ibimenyetso bisa na pneumonia, cyane cyane nyuma yo guhura n'amasistemi y'amazi yanduye. Kuvurwa hakiri kare no kuvurwa neza birongera ibyiza.

Hamagara muganga wawe vuba ubonye umuriro mwinshi ukubera gukonja, inkorora idashira, cyangwa ugira ikibazo cyo guhumeka. Ibi bimenyetso bisaba ko ugenzurwa na muganga vuba, cyane cyane iyo bibaye mu buryo butunguranye cyangwa bikagenda bikomeza.

Shaka ubuvuzi bwihuse ufite ikibazo cyo guhumeka nabi, ububabare bwo mu gituza, guhuzagurika, cyangwa ikimenyetso icyo ari cyo cyose cy'uburwayi bukomeye. Abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buke cyangwa bafite uburwayi burambye bagomba kuba maso cyane mu gushaka ubuvuzi.

Iyo uherutse gucumbika muri hoteli, ugiye mu bwato, cyangwa usura ibigo bifite amazi, ubwire muganga wawe. Aya makuru afasha abaganga gutekereza kuri Legionnaires mu gihe bagusuzuma.

Ibyago byo kurwara indwara ya Legionnaires ni ibihe?

Nubwo umuntu wese ashobora kurwara indwara ya Legionnaires, hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe byongera ibyago byo kwandura no kurwara cyane. Kumva ibyo byago bigufasha gufata ingamba zikwiye.

Imyaka igira uruhare runini, abantu barengeje imyaka 50 bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura. Ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buhora bugabanuka uko umuntu akura, bigatuma birushaho kugorana guhangana n'ubwandu bwa bagiteri nka Legionella.

Uburwayi bwongera ibyago birimo:

• Uburwayi bw'ibihaha burambye nka COPD cyangwa asma
• Ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buke buterwa n'imiti cyangwa uburwayi
• Diabete cyangwa uburwayi bw'impyiko
• Uburwayi bw'umutima cyangwa izindi ndwara z'umutima
• Cancer cyangwa kuvurwa kanseri
• Guheruka kubagwa

Imibereho igira uruhare mu byago. Itabi yangiza ubudahangarwa bw'ibihaha, kunywa inzoga nyinshi bishobora kugabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri mu guhangana n'ubwandu.

Imibereho imwe cyangwa ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe bishobora kongera ibyago byo guhura n'ubwandu, harimo gukora imirimo yo kubungabunga amasistemi y'amazi, gukora mu buvuzi, cyangwa gukora ingendo nyinshi mu mahoteli n'amaresitora.

Ingaruka zishoboka z'indwara ya Legionnaires ni izihe?

Abantu benshi barakira neza indwara ya Legionnaires bavuwe neza na antibiyotike. Ariko kandi, bamwe mu bantu bashobora kugira ingaruka, cyane cyane iyo ubuvuzi butinze cyangwa iyo bafite uburwayi burambye.

Ingaruka z'ubuhumekero zishobora kubaho iyo ubwandu bukwirakwira mu bihaha. Ushobora kugira ikibazo cyo guhumeka igihe kirekire, inkorora idashira, cyangwa kugabanuka kw'imikorere y'ibihaha bisaba ibyumweru cyangwa amezi kugira ngo bikire neza.

Ingaruka zikomeye zishobora kubaho:

• Guhumeka nabi bisaba imashini yo guhumeka
• Gukama kw'amaraso kubera ubwandu bukomeye
• Gukama kw'impyiko kubera ubwandu bukomeye
• Kubabara mu bwonko biterwa no guhuzagurika cyangwa gufata
• Guhindagurika kw'umutima

Ibyago byo kugira ingaruka bikomeza kwiyongera uko umuntu akura, ubuvuzi butinze, cyangwa uburwayi burambye. Abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buke bafite ibyago byinshi byo kugira ingaruka zikomeye.

Hamwe no kuvurwa hakiri kare no kuvurwa neza, ingaruka zikomeye ni nke. Abantu benshi bavurwa neza na antibiyotike mu minsi mike ya mbere barakira nta ngaruka zirambye.

Indwara ya Legionnaires ishobora gukumirwa gute?

Gukumira byibanda ku kugumisha amasistemi y'amazi asukuye no kwirinda guhura n'amazi yanduye. Nubwo udashobora kugenzura ibintu byose by'ibidukikije, ushobora gufata ingamba kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago.

Ugiye mu ngendo, hitamo amahoteli n'ibigo bizwi neza bifite amasistemi y'amazi meza. Irinde jacuzzi cyangwa spas zisa n'izihuye cyangwa zifite impumuro ikomeye y'imiti, bishobora kugaragaza ko zitabitswe neza.

Mu rugo rwawe, ushobora kugabanya ibyago:

• Kugumisha amazi ashyushye kuri 60°C
• Gusukura no guhumuriza jacuzzi cyangwa spas buri gihe
• Gusukura amasistemi y'amazi nyuma y'igihe kirekire utari kuyakoresha
• Kugira umwuka mwiza mu bwiherero no mu gikoni
• Gusimbuza imigozi y'amazi mu bwiherero n'imigozi y'amazi mu gikoni buri gihe

Ukorera mu kubungabunga cyangwa mu buvuzi, komeza amabwiriza y'umutekano iyo ukorana n'amasistemi y'amazi. Koresha ibikoresho by'umutekano bikwiye kandi ube wizeye ko amasistemi ahumurijwe neza.

Ibigo by'ubuzima rusange bikorana n'abatunga inyubako kugira ngo birinde ibyorezo binyuze mu kureba ko amasistemi y'amazi abungabungwa neza kandi akurikiranwa. Menyesha abayobozi b'ubuzima rusange ibyanduye ukekako.

Indwara ya Legionnaires imenyekanwa ite?

Kumenya indwara ya Legionnaires bisaba ibizamini byihariye kuko ibimenyetso bishobora kumera nk'ibindi bwoko bwa pneumonia. Muganga wawe azatangira akugenzura ibimenyetso byawe n'amateka yawe yo guhura n'ibintu.

Isuzuma ry'umubiri riba ku bihaha byawe no guhumeka. Muganga wawe azumva mu gituza cyawe akoresheje stethoscope kugira ngo amenye amajwi adasanzwe agaragaza pneumonia.

Ibizamini bya laboratoire bifasha kwemeza indwara:

• Isuzuma rya antijene mu mpisi rigaragaza poroteyine ya Legionella mu mpisi yawe
• Umuco w'ibinyabuzima bikura mu bihaha
• Ibizamini by'amaraso bireba antikorps zihangana na Legionella
• Isuzuma rya PCR rigaragaza ADN ya Legionella mu bintu byo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero

X-rays cyangwa CT scans z'ibituza zigaragaza ibimenyetso bya pneumonia mu bihaha byawe. Ibi bizamini byo kubona amashusho bifasha abaganga kumenya ubukana bw'ubwandu no gukurikirana uko uhinduka nyuma yo kuvurwa.

Isuzuma rya antijene mu mpisi ritanga ibisubizo byihuse, bikunze kuboneka mu masaha make. Ariko kandi, iri suzuma rigaragaza ubwoko busanzwe bwa Legionella, bityo bishobora kuba ngombwa gukora ibindi bizamini.

Ubuvuzi bw'indwara ya Legionnaires ni buhe?

Antibiyotike ni bwo buvuzi bw'ibanze bw'indwara ya Legionnaires, kandi kuvurwa hakiri kare bigira ingaruka nziza. Abantu benshi bakeneye kujyanwa mu bitaro kugira ngo bakurikiranwe hafi kandi bahabwe antibiyotike mu mitsi.

Muganga wawe azakwandikira antibiyotike zikora neza kuri bagiteri ya Legionella. Ibi bikunze gukoreshwa birimo azithromycin, levofloxacin, cyangwa doxycycline, bitewe n'umwanya wawe n'ubuzima bwawe.

Igihe cyo kuvurwa gisanzwe kiba iminsi 7 kugeza kuri 10, nubwo bamwe bashobora gukenera igihe kirekire. Uzaba wumva umeze neza mu minsi 2 kugeza kuri 3 utangiye antibiyotike, ariko gukira burundu bishobora gufata ibyumweru byinshi.

Ubufasha mu kuvura bufasha guhangana n'ibimenyetso mu gihe antibiyotike zirwanya ubwandu:

• Oxygen therapy iyo ugira ikibazo cyo guhumeka
• Amazi mu mitsi kugira ngo wirinde gukama
• Imiti igabanya umuriro kugira ngo wihute
• Ubuvuzi bw'ubuhumekero kugira ngo ufashe gukuraho ibinure mu bihaha

Indwara zikomeye zishobora gusaba kwitabwaho cyane hamwe n'imashini yo guhumeka. Abantu benshi bagira igisubizo cyiza ku buvuzi, ariko igihe cyo gukira gitandukanye bitewe n'imyaka, ubuzima rusange, n'uburyo ubuvuzi bwatangiye vuba.

Uko wakwitwara mu rugo mu gihe ufite indwara ya Legionnaires

Bamwe mu bantu bafite indwara ya Legionnaires idakomeye bashobora gukira mu rugo bafite antibiyotike zinyobwa, nubwo abenshi bakeneye kujyanwa mu bitaro. Kora uko muganga wawe yabikuyeho kandi ukore uko ushoboye gukurikirana ibimenyetso byawe.

Fata antibiyotike wahawe nk'uko byategetswe, nubwo utangiye kumva umeze neza. Gusoza umuti wose birinda ko ubwandu busubira kandi bigabanya ibyago byo kurwanya antibiyotike.

Ikiruhuko ni ingenzi mu gukira. Umubiri wawe ukeneye imbaraga zo kurwanya ubwandu, rero urahuka cyane kandi wirinde ibikorwa bikomeye kugeza muganga wawe akuwemereye gukora ibikorwa bisanzwe.

Komeza wisukure unywe amazi menshi, cyane cyane amazi. Kwishima neza bifasha kugabanya ibinure mu bihaha kandi bishyigikira ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri mu kurwanya bagiteri.

Kora uko ushoboye gukurikirana ibimenyetso byawe kandi ushake ubuvuzi bwihuse ubonye umuriro ukomeye, guhumeka nabi, ububabare bwo mu gituza, cyangwa guhuzagurika. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kugaragaza ingaruka zisaba ubuvuzi bwihuse.

Uko wakwitegura kujya kwa muganga

Kwitoza kujya kwa muganga bifasha muganga wawe kubona amakuru yose akenewe kugira ngo amenye neza indwara kandi akavura. Tangira wandike ibimenyetso byawe, harimo igihe byatangiye n'uko byahindutse.

Kora urutonde rw'igihe cyose wahuye n'ibintu. Bandika ingendo zawe, gucumbika muri hoteli, ingendo mu bwato, cyangwa gusura ibigo bifite jacuzzi, amazi, cyangwa cooling systems mu byumweru bibiri bishize.

Zana amakuru akomeye yerekeye ubuzima bwawe:

• Urutonde rwuzuye rw'imiti n'ibindi ukoresha
• Amateka y'ubuzima harimo uburwayi burambye
• Guheruka kujyanwa mu bitaro cyangwa kubagwa
• Allergie uzwiho
• Amakuru y'ubwisungane n'irangamuntu

Andika ibibazo ushaka kubabaza muganga wawe. Tekereza kubabaza ibyerekeye uburyo bwo kuvurwa, igihe cyo gukira, igihe ukwiye gushaka ubuvuzi bwihuse, n'ibikorwa ugomba kwirinda.

Zana umuntu wo mu muryango cyangwa inshuti niba bishoboka. Bashobora kugufasha kwibuka amakuru akomeye no kugushyigikira mu gihe ugiye kwa muganga, cyane cyane iyo utameze neza.

Icyingenzi cyo kumenya kuri Legionnaires

Indwara ya Legionnaires ni ubwandu bukomeye bw'ibihaha ariko bukavurwa neza na antibiyotike iyo bimenyekanye hakiri kare. Nubwo iyi ndwara ishobora kuba ikomeye, abantu benshi barakira neza bafashijwe n'abaganga.

Icyingenzi cyo kugira ibyiza ni ukumenya ibimenyetso hakiri kare no gushaka ubuvuzi vuba. Iyo ugize ibimenyetso bisa na pneumonia, cyane cyane nyuma yo guhura n'amasistemi y'amazi, ntutinye kuvugana na muganga wawe.

Gukumira birimo kumenya inkomoko zishoboka no kugumisha amasistemi y'amazi asukuye. Nubwo udashobora gukuraho ibyago byose, kumva iyi ndwara bigufasha gufata ibyemezo byiza ku buzima bwawe n'umutekano wawe.

Wibuke ko indwara ya Legionnaires idakwirakwira hagati y'abantu, bityo ntukeneye guhangayika ko uyanduza abagize umuryango wawe cyangwa inshuti. Ibanda ku kuvurwa neza no gukurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga wawe kugira ngo ukire.

Ibibazo byakunze kubaho kuri Legionnaires

Wavura indwara ya Legionnaires unyweye amazi yo mu muyoboro?

Oya, ntushobora kurwara indwara ya Legionnaires unyweye amazi yanduye. Ubwandu buva mu guhumeka amazi make arimo bagiteri ya Legionella. Igogorwa ry'ibiribwa rihitana bagiteri, bityo kunywa amazi yanduye ntibizatera indwara.

Igihe kingana iki kugira ngo ukire indwara ya Legionnaires?

Abantu benshi batangira kumva bameze neza mu minsi 2 kugeza kuri 3 batangiye antibiyotike, ariko gukira burundu bisanzwe bifata ibyumweru 2 kugeza kuri 6. Abantu bakuze cyangwa abafite uburwayi burambye bashobora gukenera igihe kirekire cyo gukira. Bamwe mu bantu bagira umunaniro cyangwa imbaraga nke mu byumweru byinshi nyuma y'aho ubwandu buciye.

Indwara ya Legionnaires irandura?

Indwara ya Legionnaires ntirandura kandi ntishobora kwandura uvuye ku muntu ku wundi mu buzima busanzwe. Ushobora kwandura gusa uhumetse amazi make yanduye aturuka mu bidukikije. Ibi bivuze ko ntukeneye kwirinda cyangwa guhangayika ko uyanduza abagize umuryango wawe.

Wavura indwara ya Legionnaires inshuro nyinshi?

Yego, bishoboka kurwara indwara ya Legionnaires inshuro nyinshi kuko ubwandu ntibutanga ubudahangarwa burambye. Umubiri wawe ushobora kugira antikorps, ariko ntiziguha uburinzi bwuzuye ku bwandu bw'ejo hazaza. Gukora ingamba zo kwirinda bikomeza kuba ingenzi na nyuma yo gukira iyi ndwara.

Jacuzzi zo mu rugo ziringaniye ku ndwara ya Legionnaires?

Jacuzzi zo mu rugo zisanzwe ziringaniye iyo zibitswe neza hamwe n'imiti ikwiye no gusukura buri gihe. Icyago kiva mu masistemi atarindwe neza aho bagiteri zishobora gukwirakwira. Kora uko abakora ibyo bikoresho babikuyeho kugira ngo ubone imiti, usukure imigozi buri gihe, kandi usukure jacuzzi nk'uko byategetswe.