Cancer, Leukemia

Leukemia ni kanseri y'utwuma dukora amaraso mu mubiri, harimo umwanya w'amasogwe n'urukiramende. Hari ubwoko bwinshi bwa leukemia. Amwe mu moko ya leukemia akunze kugaragara mu bana. Andi moko ya leukemia aboneka cyane mu bakuru. Leukemia isanzwe ireba utwuma tw'amaraso yera. Utwuma tw'amaraso yera ni intwari mu kurwanya indwara - ubusanzwe bikura kandi bigabanyamo uko umubiri ubikeneye. Ariko mu bantu barwaye leukemia, umwanya w'amasogwe utanga umubare munini w'utwuma tw'amaraso yera tudakora neza. Ivura rya leukemia rishobora kugorana - bitewe n'ubwoko bwa leukemia n'ibindi bintu. Ariko hari ingamba n'ubufasha bishobora gufasha kugira ngo ivura ryawe rigire icyo rimaze. Ibitaro Turakira abarwayi bashya. Ikipe yacu y'inzobere iriteguye guhita itegura umwanya wawe wo kuvurirwa leukemia. Arizona: 520-783-6222 Florida: 904-719-7656 Minnesota: 507-792-8717

Ibimenyetso bya leukemia bitandukanye, bitewe n'ubwoko bwa leukemia. Ibimenyetso bisanzwe bya leukemia birimo:

• Urufuriro cyangwa guhinda umuriro
• Kwumva unaniwe cyane, intege nke
• Kwandura indwara cyane cyangwa cyane
• Kugabanya ibiro utabishaka
• Umuhogo w'amaraso uba munini, umwijima cyangwa umwijima ukaba munini
• Gukomeretsa cyangwa gukomeretsa byoroshye
• Kuzana amaraso mu mazuru kenshi
• Ibinini by'umutuku mu ruhu (petechiae)
• Gusohora ibyuya cyane, cyane cyane nijoro
• Kubabara amagufa cyangwa kubabara

Emera igitaramo kwa muganga wawe niba ufite ibimenyetso cyangwa ibimenyetso biramba bikubangamiye. Ibimenyetso bya leukemia akenshi biba bidafatika kandi bitavugwaho rumwe. Ushobora kwirengagiza ibimenyetso bya leukemia bya mbere kuko bishobora kumera nkibimenyetso bya grippe n'izindi ndwara zisanzwe. Rimwe na rimwe leukemia iboneka mu bipimo by'amaraso byakozwe kubera izindi ndwara.

Sisitemu y'impyiko ni igice cy'urwego rw'umubiri rushinzwe kurwanya indwara, rukingira kwandura no kurwara. Sisitemu y'impyiko irimo umwijima, thymus, ibyondo by'impyiko n'inzira z'impyiko, ndetse n'amanywa n'adenoids.

Abahanga ntibasobanukiwe neza impamvu z'indwara ya kanseri y'amaraso. Isa nkaho iterwa n'ivangura ry'imiterere y'umuntu n'ibintu byo mu kirere.

Muri rusange, kanseri y'amaraso itekerezwaho kubaho iyo zimwe mu ziturika z'amaraso zigize impinduka (mutations) mu miterere yazo ya genetike cyangwa ADN. ADN y'uturemangingo ikubiyemo amabwiriza abwira uturemangingo icyo gukora. Ubusanzwe, ADN ibwira uturemangingo gukura ku muvuduko runaka no gupfa igihe runaka. Muri kanseri y'amaraso, impinduka zibwira utwenge tw'amaraso gukomeza gukura no kwibyarira.

Ibi nibyo bibaho, umusaruro w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso uba udasanzwe. Uko iminsi igenda, utwo turemangingo tudasanzwe dushobora gusimbura utwenge twiza tw'amaraso mu mugozi w'igitugu, bigatuma haboneka utwenge twiza duto tw'amaraso yera, utwenge tw'amaraso y'umutuku n'utwenge duto tw'amaraso, bigatera ibimenyetso n'ibibazo bya kanseri y'amaraso.

Abaganga basobanura kanseri y'amaraso hashingiwe ku muvuduko wayo wo gutera imbere n'ubwoko bw'uturemangingo bireba.

Ubwoko bwa mbere bwo gusesengura ni uburyo bwihuse kanseri y'amaraso itera imbere:

• Kanseri y'amaraso ikabije. Muri kanseri y'amaraso ikabije, utwenge tw'amaraso tudasanzwe ni utwenge tw'amaraso tudakuze (blasts). Ntabwo dushobora gukora imirimo yabo isanzwe, kandi byiyongera vuba, bityo indwara ikaba mbi vuba. Kanseri y'amaraso ikabije isaba kuvurwa vuba kandi bikomeye.
• Kanseri y'amaraso idakabije. Hari ubwoko bwinshi bwa kanseri y'amaraso idakabije. Zimwe zikora utwenge twinshi kandi izindi zikora utwenge duto. Kanseri y'amaraso idakabije ikubiyemo utwenge tw'amaraso dukuze. Utu twenge tw'amaraso twibyarira cyangwa twikubira buhoro buhoro kandi dushobora gukora neza igihe runaka. Amwe mu moko ya kanseri y'amaraso idakabije atangira atazigera atanga ibimenyetso bya mbere kandi ashobora kudasobanuka cyangwa kudasesengurwa imyaka myinshi.

Ubwoko bwa kabiri bwo gusesengura ni ubwoko bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso yera bireba:

• Kanseri y'amaraso ya Lymphocytic. Ubwoko bwa kanseri y'amaraso bugira ingaruka ku turemangingo twa lymphoid (lymphocytes), bikora imyenda ya lymphoid cyangwa impyiko. Imikaya ya Lymphatic igize urwego rw'umubiri rushinzwe kurwanya indwara.
• Kanseri y'amaraso ya Myelogenous (my-uh-LOHJ-uh-nus). Ubwoko bwa kanseri y'amaraso bugira ingaruka ku turemangingo twa myeloid. Uturemangingo twa Myeloid dutera utwenge tw'amaraso y'umutuku, utwenge tw'amaraso yera n'uturemangingo dukora utwenge duto tw'amaraso.

Ubwoko nyamukuru bwa kanseri y'amaraso ni:

• Kanseri y'amaraso ikabije ya lymphocytic (ALL). Ni bwo bwoko bwa kanseri y'amaraso busanzwe mu bana bato. ALL ishobora kandi kubaho mu bakuru.
• Kanseri y'amaraso ikabije ya myelogenous (AML). AML ni bwo bwoko busanzwe bwa kanseri y'amaraso. Iboneka mu bana no mu bakuru. AML ni bwo bwoko busanzwe bwa kanseri y'amaraso ikabije mu bakuru.
• Kanseri y'amaraso idakabije ya lymphocytic (CLL). Hamwe na CLL, kanseri y'amaraso idakabije isanzwe mu bakuru, ushobora kumva umeze neza imyaka myinshi utabaye ukeneye kuvurwa.
• Kanseri y'amaraso idakabije ya myelogenous (CML). Ubwoko bwa kanseri y'amaraso bugira ingaruka ahanini ku bakuru. Umuntu ufite CML ashobora kugira ibimenyetso bike cyangwa nta bimenyetso afite amezi cyangwa imyaka myinshi mbere yo kwinjira mu cyiciro utwenge twa kanseri y'amaraso twiyongera vuba.
• Ubundi bwoko. Hari ubundi bwoko bwa kanseri y'amaraso buke, harimo kanseri y'uturemangingo tw'ubwoya, indwara za myelodysplastic n'indwara za myeloproliferative.

Ibintu bishobora kongera ibyago byo kwandura uburwayi bwa kanseri y'amaraso (leukemia) harimo:

• Kuvurwa kanseri mbere. Abantu bavuwe kanseri zimwe na zimwe hakoreshejwe imiti ya chimiothérapie n'imirasire, bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura uburwayi bwa kanseri y'amaraso (leukemia) zimwe na zimwe.
• Indwara zikomoka ku mbaraga z'umurage. Ubusembwa bw'imbaraga z'umurage busa n'aho bufite uruhare mu iterambere rya kanseri y'amaraso (leukemia). Indwara zimwe na zimwe zikomoka ku mbaraga z'umurage, nka sindwome (Down syndrome), zifitanye isano n'ibyago byinshi byo kwandura kanseri y'amaraso (leukemia).
• Kuhura na chimique zimwe na zimwe. Kuhura na chimique zimwe na zimwe, nka benzène — ishobora kuboneka muri essence kandi ikoreshwa n'inganda zikora chimique — bifitanye isano n'ibyago byinshi byo kwandura uburwayi bwa kanseri y'amaraso (leukemia) zimwe na zimwe.
• Kunywa itabi. Kunywa itabi byongera ibyago byo kwandura kanseri y'amaraso (leukemia) ya acute myelogenous.
• Amateka y'umuryango afite kanseri y'amaraso (leukemia). Niba abagize umuryango wawe barwaye kanseri y'amaraso (leukemia), ibyago byawe byo kurwara iyi ndwara bishobora kwiyongera.

Ariko rero, abantu benshi bafite ibyago byamenyekanye ntibandura kanseri y'amaraso (leukemia). Kandi abantu benshi barwaye kanseri y'amaraso (leukemia) nta kamwe muri aya mabi bafite.

Mu gupima umugufi w'amasogwe y'igitugu, umuhanga mu buvuzi akoresha igishishwa gito cyo gukurura umunyu muto w'amasogwe y'igitugu. Akenshi bikurwa ahantu mu mugongo w'igitugu, bita n'ikibero. Gupima umugufi w'amasogwe y'igitugu bikorwa rimwe na rimwe. Ubu buryo bwa kabiri bukuramo igice gito cy'umubiri w'igitugu n'amasogwe arimo.

Abaganga bashobora kubona kanseri y'amaraso idakira mu bipimo bisanzwe by'amaraso, mbere y'uko ibimenyetso bigaragara. Ibi nibiba, cyangwa ufite ibimenyetso bigaragaza kanseri y'amaraso, ushobora gukora ibizamini bikurikira byo kubimenya:

• Suzuma umubiri. Muganga wawe azashakisha ibimenyetso bya kanseri y'amaraso, nko kubura amaraso kubera ubusembwa, kubyimba kw'ingingo z'amaraso, no kubyimba k'umwijima n'uruhago.
• Ibizamini by'amaraso. Ukoresheje igice cy'amaraso yawe, muganga wawe ashobora kumenya niba ufite umubare utari mwiza w'utubutsi tutukura cyangwa dutukura cyangwa ibyitwa platelets - ibyo bishobora kugaragaza kanseri y'amaraso. Ibizamini by'amaraso bishobora kandi kugaragaza uburibwe bwa kanseri y'amaraso, nubwo atari uko ubwoko bwose bwa kanseri y'amaraso butuma utubutsi twa kanseri y'amaraso dutembera mu maraso. Rimwe na rimwe utubutsi twa kanseri y'amaraso tuguma mu masogwe y'igitugu.
• Kusuzuma amasogwe y'igitugu. Muganga wawe ashobora kugutegeka gukuramo igice cy'amasogwe y'igitugu mu gice cy'igitugu. Amasogwe y'igitugu akurwaho hakoreshejwe igishishwa kirekire, gito. Igice cyakuruwe kijyanwa muri laboratwari kugira ngo hashakishwe utubutsi twa kanseri y'amaraso. Ibizamini byihariye by'utubutsi twawe twa kanseri y'amaraso bishobora kugaragaza imico runaka ikoreshwa mu kumenya uburyo bwo kuvura.

Ubuvuzi bwa kanseri y'amaraso biterwa n'ibintu byinshi. Muganga wawe azagena uburyo bwo kuvura kanseri y'amaraso hashingiwe ku myaka yawe n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange, ubwoko bwa kanseri y'amaraso ufite, niba yaramaze gukwirakwira mu bindi bice by'umubiri wawe, harimo n'ubwonko.Ubuvuzi busanzwe bukoreshwa mu kurwanya kanseri y'amaraso burimo:

• Ubuvuzi bwa kanseri (Chemotherapy). Ubuvuzi bwa kanseri ni bwo buryo nyamukuru bwo kuvura kanseri y'amaraso. Ubu buvuzi bukoresha imiti igamije kwica uturemangingabo twa kanseri y'amaraso. Ukurikije ubwoko bwa kanseri y'amaraso ufite, ushobora guhabwa imiti imwe cyangwa imiti inyuranye. Iyi miti ishobora kuba mu binyobwa, cyangwa ishobora guterwa mu mutsi.
• Ubuvuzi bugamije (Targeted therapy). Ubuvuzi bugamije bugamije ibibazo byihariye biboneka mu turemangingabo twa kanseri. Mu kuburizamo ibyo bibazo, ubu buvuzi bushobora gutuma uturemangingabo twa kanseri dupfa. Uturemangingabo twawe twa kanseri y'amaraso tuzapimwa kugira ngo turebe niba ubu buvuzi bugamije bushobora kukugirira akamaro.
• Ubuvuzi bwa radiyo (Radiation therapy). Ubuvuzi bwa radiyo bukoresha X-rays cyangwa izindi mbaraga nyinshi kugira ngo zangize uturemangingabo twa kanseri y'amaraso kandi zibabuze gukura. Mu gihe cy'ubuvuzi bwa radiyo, uba uhagaze ku meza mu gihe imashini nini ikugenderaho, igana imirasire ku bice byihariye by'umubiri wawe. Ushobora guhabwa imirasire mu gice kimwe cy'umubiri wawe aho hari uturemangingabo twa kanseri y'amaraso, cyangwa ushobora guhabwa imirasire ku mubiri wawe wose. Ubuvuzi bwa radiyo bushobora gukoreshwa mu gutegura gutera amaraso mu mugozi w'inyuma.
• Gutera amaraso mu mugozi w'inyuma (Bone marrow transplant). Gutera amaraso mu mugozi w'inyuma, bizwi kandi nko guterwa utwicyeya tw'amaraso, bifasha gusubiza utwicyeya tw'amaraso dukozwe neza mu kubanza gukuraho amaraso mabi mu mugozi w'inyuma, hanyuma ugasimburwa n'utwicyeya tw'amaraso tudafite kanseri, bizongera gukora amaraso meza mu mugozi w'inyuma. Mbere yo guterwa amaraso mu mugozi w'inyuma, uhabwa umunyu munini w'ubuvuzi bwa kanseri cyangwa ubuvuzi bwa radiyo kugira ngo ubone gusenya amaraso mabi mu mugozi w'inyuma. Hanyuma uhabwa amaraso afasha kongera kubaka amaraso mu mugozi w'inyuma. Ushobora guhabwa utwicyeya tw'amaraso dukomoka ku mutanga cyangwa ushobora gukoresha utwicyeya twawe bwite.
• Ubuvuzi bw'umubiri (Immunotherapy). Ubuvuzi bw'umubiri bukoresha ubudahangarwa bwawe mu kurwanya kanseri. Ubudahangarwa bwawe bw'umubiri bushobora kutagira icyo bukora kuri kanseri yawe kuko uturemangingabo twa kanseri bikora poroteyine zibafasha kwihisha mu turemangingabo tw'ubudahangarwa. Ubuvuzi bw'umubiri bukora mu kuburizamo uwo mukino.
• Guhindura utwicyeya tw'amaraso kugira ngo turwanye kanseri y'amaraso. Ubuvuzi bwihariye bwitwa chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy bufata utwicyeya tw'amaraso tw'umubiri wawe, tubuhindura kugira ngo turwanye kanseri hanyuma tubugarure mu mubiri wawe. CAR-T cell therapy ishobora kuba igisubizo ku bwoko bumwe bwa kanseri y'amaraso.
• Ibizamini by'ubuvuzi (Clinical trials). Ibizamini by'ubuvuzi ni igeragezwa ryo gupima ubuvuzi bushya bwa kanseri n'uburyo bushya bwo gukoresha ubuvuzi bumaze kubaho. Mu gihe ibizamini by'ubuvuzi biguha wowe cyangwa umwana wawe amahirwe yo kugerageza ubuvuzi bushya bwa kanseri, inyungu n'ingaruka z'ubuvuzi bishobora kuba bitaramenyekana. Muganire ku nyungu n'ingaruka z'ibizamini by'ubuvuzi na muganga wawe. Ubuvuzi bwa kanseri. Ubuvuzi bwa kanseri ni bwo buryo nyamukuru bwo kuvura kanseri y'amaraso. Ubu buvuzi bukoresha imiti igamije kwica uturemangingabo twa kanseri y'amaraso. Ukurikije ubwoko bwa kanseri y'amaraso ufite, ushobora guhabwa imiti imwe cyangwa imiti inyuranye. Iyi miti ishobora kuba mu binyobwa, cyangwa ishobora guterwa mu mutsi. Ubuvuzi bwa radiyo. Ubuvuzi bwa radiyo bukoresha X-rays cyangwa izindi mbaraga nyinshi kugira ngo zangize uturemangingabo twa kanseri y'amaraso kandi zibabuze gukura. Mu gihe cy'ubuvuzi bwa radiyo, uba uhagaze ku meza mu gihe imashini nini ikugenderaho, igana imirasire ku bice byihariye by'umubiri wawe. Ushobora guhabwa imirasire mu gice kimwe cy'umubiri wawe aho hari uturemangingabo twa kanseri y'amaraso, cyangwa ushobora guhabwa imirasire ku mubiri wawe wose. Ubuvuzi bwa radiyo bushobora gukoreshwa mu gutegura gutera amaraso mu mugozi w'inyuma. Gutera amaraso mu mugozi w'inyuma. Gutera amaraso mu mugozi w'inyuma, bizwi kandi nko guterwa utwicyeya tw'amaraso, bifasha gusubiza utwicyeya tw'amaraso dukozwe neza mu kubanza gukuraho amaraso mabi mu mugozi w'inyuma, hanyuma ugasimburwa n'utwicyeya tw'amaraso tudafite kanseri, bizongera gukora amaraso meza mu mugozi w'inyuma. Mbere yo guterwa amaraso mu mugozi w'inyuma, uhabwa umunyu munini w'ubuvuzi bwa kanseri cyangwa ubuvuzi bwa radiyo kugira ngo ubone gusenya amaraso mabi mu mugozi w'inyuma. Hanyuma uhabwa amaraso afasha kongera kubaka amaraso mu mugozi w'inyuma. Ushobora guhabwa utwicyeya tw'amaraso dukomoka ku mutanga cyangwa ushobora gukoresha utwicyeya twawe bwite. Urufatiro rwa kanseri y'amaraso rushobora kuba rubabaza cyane- cyane ku muryango w'umwana uheruka kubimenya. Mu gihe, uzabona uburyo bwo guhangana n'akababaro n'uburakari bwa kanseri. Kugeza icyo gihe, ushobora kubona ko ari byiza:
• Kumenya ibya kanseri y'amaraso kugira ngo ufate ibyemezo ku bijyanye no kuvurwa kwawe. Baza muganga wawe ibyerekeye kanseri y'amaraso yawe, harimo n'uburyo bwo kuvurwa, niba ushaka kumenya uko bizakugenda. Ijambo "kanseri y'amaraso" rishobora gutera urujijo kuko rivuga ubwoko bwa kanseri zitandukanye, usibye ko zose zigira ingaruka ku mugozi w'inyuma n'amaraso. Ushobora gutakaza igihe kinini ushakisha amakuru adakwerekeye ubwoko bwa kanseri y'amaraso ufite. Kugira ngo ubirebe, saba muganga wawe kwandika amakuru menshi ashoboka yerekeye indwara yawe. Hanyuma uhindure ubushakashatsi bwawe hakurikijwe ibyo.
• Kugumana n'inshuti n'umuryango. Kugumana umubano wawe ukomeye bizagufasha guhangana na kanseri y'amaraso. Inshuti n'umuryango bashobora gutanga ubufasha ukeneye, nko kugufasha kwita ku rugo rwawe niba uri mu bitaro. Kandi bashobora kuba umusaruro w'amarangamutima iyo wumva uremerewe na kanseri.
• Kwita ku buzima bwawe. Biroroshye kwibanda ku bipimo, ubuvuzi n'ibikorwa byo kuvura. Ariko ni ngombwa kwita ku buzima bwawe, atari kanseri gusa. Gerageza gukora yoga, guteka cyangwa ibindi bikorwa ukunda. Kumenya ibya kanseri y'amaraso kugira ngo ufate ibyemezo ku bijyanye no kuvurwa kwawe. Baza muganga wawe ibyerekeye kanseri y'amaraso yawe, harimo n'uburyo bwo kuvurwa, niba ushaka kumenya uko bizakugenda. Ijambo "kanseri y'amaraso" rishobora gutera urujijo kuko rivuga ubwoko bwa kanseri zitandukanye, usibye ko zose zigira ingaruka ku mugozi w'inyuma n'amaraso. Ushobora gutakaza igihe kinini ushakisha amakuru adakwerekeye ubwoko bwa kanseri y'amaraso ufite. Kugira ngo ubirebe, saba muganga wawe kwandika amakuru menshi ashoboka yerekeye indwara yawe. Hanyuma uhindure ubushakashatsi bwawe hakurikijwe ibyo. Shaka umuntu wo kuvugana na we. Shaka umuntu wumva, ukunda kumva ibyo wifuza n'ibyo utinya. Uwo muntu ashobora kuba inshuti cyangwa umuntu wo mu muryango. Impuhwe n'ubwumvikane by'umujyanama, umukozi w'imibereho mu bitaro, umukozi w'idini cyangwa itsinda ry'abafite kanseri bishobora kandi kugufasha.