Ese ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n'Ubuvuzi

Ese ni ubwoko bwa kanseri y'amaraso ikubita uturemangingo tw'amaraso yera, tugize uruhare mu gukingira umubiri. Aho kugira uturemangingo tw'amaraso yera dukesha ubuzima, duhangana n'indwara, umugufi w'amagufwa atanga uturemangingo tudasanzwe, tudakora neza kandi tukarwanya utwo dukesha ubuzima.

Iyi ndwara iterwa n'ikibazo mu miterere ya ADN mu turemangingo dukora amaraso. Nubwo bishobora kugaragara nk'ibidasanzwe, gusobanukirwa Ese bigufasha kumva uriteguye kandi udahangayitse ku byo ejo hazaza bizakuzanira.

Ese ni iki?

Ese itangirira mu mugufi w'amagufwa, umwenda woroshye uri mu magufwa aho uturemangingo tw'amaraso dukora. Ubusanzwe umugufi w'amagufwa utanga ubwoko butandukanye bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso mu buryo buteguye, ariko Ese ihindura uwo muhate.

Iyo ufite Ese, umugufi w'amagufwa utanga uturemangingo tw'amaraso yera tudasanzwe, tudashobora gukora akazi kabo ko kurwanya indwara. Aya turemangingo ataboneye yiyongera mu maraso no mu ngingo z'umubiri, bigatuma umubiri ugora gukora neza.

Inkuru nziza ni uko ubuvuzi bw'Ese bwateye imbere cyane mu myaka yashize. Abantu benshi barwaye Ese bakomeza kubaho ubuzima buhamye, buhamye bafashijwe n'ubuvuzi n'ubufasha.

Ni izihe ubwoko bwa Ese?

Ese ifite ubwoko bune nyamukuru, kandi gusobanukirwa ubwoko ushobora kuba ufite bifasha muganga wawe gutegura gahunda y'ubuvuzi ibereye.

Ibyiciro bibiri by'ingenzi ni Ese ikomeye, itera vuba kandi ikenera ubuvuzi bwihuse, na Ese idakomeye, itera buhoro buhoro mu mezi cyangwa imyaka.

• Ese ya Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) - Igaragara cyane mu bana, ariko ishobora no kwibasira abantu bakuru
• Ese ya Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) - Igaragara cyane mu bantu bakuru, itera vuba
• Ese ya Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) - Ikunze kwibasira abantu bakuze, itera buhoro buhoro
• Ese ya Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) - Ishobora kubaho mu kigero icyo ari cyo cyose, ikunze kugaragara nkeya mu ntangiriro

Buri bwoko bufite imikorere yihariye kandi busubiza ubuvuzi butandukanye. Ikipe yawe y'abaganga izamenya neza ubwoko ufite binyuze mu bipimo by'amaraso n'ibindi bizamini.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya Ese?

Ibimenyetso bya Ese bikunze kugaragara buhoro buhoro kandi bishobora kumera nk'izindi ndwara zisanzwe mu ntangiriro. Abantu benshi babona ko barwara kenshi cyangwa bumva bananiwe cyane, ibyo bikaba bibaho kuko ubudahangarwa bwabo budakora neza.

Dore ibimenyetso bisanzwe ushobora kugira:

• Ubunani n'intege bidashira bidakira no kuruhuka
• Indwara zikunze kubaho nka za kanseri, grippe, cyangwa izindi ndwara
• Kwishimagura cyangwa kuva amaraso byoroshye, harimo no kuva mu mazuru cyangwa mu menyo
• Gutakaza ibiro bitasobanuwe mu byumweru cyangwa amezi
• Umuntu w'amaraso yera mu ijosi, mu gituza, cyangwa mu kibuno
• Imyeyo y'ijoro ishyira imyenda cyangwa uburiri
• Umuriro udasanzwe
• Kubabara mu magufwa cyangwa mu ngingo, cyane cyane mu mbabazi, umugongo, cyangwa mu kibuno

Bamwe mu bantu bagira ibimenyetso bidafite akamaro nko guhumeka nabi, uruhu rwera, cyangwa ibice bitukura bito ku ruhu bizwi nka petechiae. Aya mamenyetso abaho kuko Ese igira ingaruka ku bushobozi bw'umubiri bwo gukora uturemangingo tw'amaraso dukesha ubuzima.

Wibuke ko kugira aya mamenyetso bidahita bivuga ko ufite Ese. Izindi ndwara nyinshi zishobora gutera ibibazo nk'ibyo, bityo ni ngombwa kubona muganga wawe kugira ngo akore ibizamini bikwiye n'ubumenyi.

Ese ni iki gitera Ese?

Impamvu nyamukuru ya Ese ntisobanuwe neza, ariko abashakashatsi bemeza ko bibaho iyo hari impinduka mu miterere ya ADN mu turemangingo tw'amaraso yawe. Izi mpinduka za gene zitera uturemangingo gukura mu buryo budasanzwe kandi ntidupfe igihe bikwiye.

Akenshi, izi mpinduka za ADN zibaho mu buryo butunguranye nta kintu cyihariye kibitera. Ibi bivuze ko Ese ikunze kubaho nta kosa ryawe kandi ntabwo ari ikintu washoboraga kwirinda.

Ariko kandi, abahanga bamenye ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara Ese:

• Ubuvuzi bwa kanseri mbere bwakoresheje imiti ya chemotherapy cyangwa imirasire
• Indwara z'imiterere ya gene nka syndrome ya Down
• Kwihanganira imirasire myinshi
• Kwihanganira imiti imwe nka benzene
• Kunywa itabi
• Amateka y'umuryango wa Ese (nubwo ari gake cyane)

Ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa ko kugira kimwe cyangwa ibindi bintu byongera ibyago bidahita bivuga ko uzahita urwara Ese. Abantu benshi bafite ibyago ntabwo barwara iyo ndwara, mu gihe abandi badafite ibyago bizwi barayirwara.

Ni ryari ukwiye kubona muganga kubera ibimenyetso bya Ese?

Wagomba kuvugana na muganga wawe niba ufite ibimenyetso byinshi bikomeza ibyumweru birenga kimwe cyangwa bibiri, cyane cyane niba birimo kuba bibi kurushaho aho kugira ngo bikire. Izera icyo umubiri wawe ukubwira.

Shaka ubuvuzi vuba niba ubona kuva amaraso bidasanzwe bidapfa guhagarara, indwara zikunze kubaho, cyangwa umunaniro ukabije ubangamira ibikorwa byawe bya buri munsi. Aya mamenyetso akwiye gusuzuma umwuga nubwo byaba ari ikindi kintu rwose.

Ntugatege amatwi niba ufite umuriro hamwe n'ibindi bimenyetso bibangamira, cyane cyane niba umaze ibyumweru utameze neza. Kumenya hakiri kare no kuvura birashobora kugira uruhare rukomeye mu musaruro wawe no mu mibereho yawe.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago bya Ese?

Ibintu byongera ibyago ni ibintu bishobora kongera amahirwe yawe yo kurwara Ese, ariko ntibihamye ko uzayirwara. Gusobanukirwa ibi bintu bishobora kugufasha kugirana ibiganiro byumvikana n'abaganga bawe.

Imyaka igira uruhare mu byago bya Ese, nubwo igira ingaruka zitandukanye ku bwoko butandukanye. Amwe mu bwoko agaragara cyane mu bana, mu gihe andi akunze kuba mu bantu bakuze. Igitsina cyawe gishobora kandi kugira ingaruka ku byago, abagabo bakaba bafite amahirwe menshi yo kurwara ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa Ese.

Dore ibintu by'ingenzi byongera ibyago abaganga bamenye:

• Imyaka (itandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko - amwe agaragara cyane mu bana, andi mu bantu bakuze)
• Ubuvuzi bwa kanseri mbere, cyane cyane imiti ya chemotherapy
• Indwara z'imiterere ya gene nka syndrome ya Down cyangwa Li-Fraumeni
• Indwara z'amaraso nka myelodysplastic syndrome
• Amateka y'umuryango wa Ese (igira ingaruka ku kigero gito cyane cy'imibare)
• Kwihanganira imirasire myinshi
• Kwihanganira imiti runaka igihe kirekire
• Kunywa itabi

Abantu benshi barwara Ese nta bintu byongera ibyago bifite. Ibi bishobora kugaragara nk'ibintu bidashimishije, ariko kandi ni byiza kumenya ko iyo ndwara ikunze kubaho mu buryo butunguranye aho kuba iterwa n'ikintu wakoze cyangwa utarakora.

Ni izihe ngaruka zishoboka za Ese?

Ese ishobora gutera ingaruka zitandukanye kuko igira ingaruka ku bushobozi bw'amaraso yawe bwo gukora neza. Gusobanukirwa ibyo bibazo bishoboka bigufasha kumenya icyo ugomba kwitondera n'igihe ukwiye gushaka ubufasha vuba.

Ingaruka zisanzwe zibaho kuko Ese igabanya umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso dukesha ubuzima. Ibi bishobora gutuma ugira ubudahangarwa buke ku ndwara, gutera ibibazo byo kuva amaraso, no gutera anemia.

Dore ingaruka nyamukuru ukwiye kumenya:

• Ibyago byiyongereye byo kurwara indwara zikomeye kubera umubare muke w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso yera
• Ibibazo byo kuva amaraso kubera umubare muke w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso dufasha gukomera
• Anemia itera umunaniro ukabije no guhumeka nabi
• Kwangirika kw'ingingo niba uturemangingo twa Ese dukwiye mu mwijima, umwijima, cyangwa izindi ngingo
• Indwara ya graft-versus-host (niba ukeneye gutera umugufi w'amagufwa)
• Kanseri zindi zishobora kubaho nyuma yo kuvurwa
• Tumor lysis syndrome mu gihe cyo kuvurwa (bike cyane ariko bikomeye)

Ikipe yawe y'abaganga izakukurikirana hafi kubera izi ngaruka kandi izatanga ingamba zo kubikumira cyangwa kubivura vuba niba bibayeho. Ubufasha bugezweho bwateye imbere cyane mu gucunga izi ngaruka kurusha mbere.

Ese Ese imenyekanwa gute?

Kumenya Ese bisanzwe bitangira binyuze mu bipimo by'amaraso bishobora kugaragaza umubare cyangwa ubwoko budasanzwe bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso. Muganga wawe azakora ikizamini cyuzuye cy'amaraso (CBC) mbere, gitanga ishusho yuzuye y'uturemangingo twawe tw'amaraso.

Niba ibizamini by'amaraso byerekana Ese, muganga wawe azakenera gukora ibindi bizamini kugira ngo yemeze uburwayi kandi amenye neza ubwoko ufite. Uyu muhate ufasha gutegura gahunda y'ubuvuzi ibereye uko ibintu bimeze.

Umuhate wo kumenya uburwayi ubusanzwe ugizwe n'ibi bice:

1. Isuzuma ry'umubiri kugira ngo harebwe umuntu w'amaraso yera, ingingo zikomeye, cyangwa ibindi bimenyetso
2. Ikizamini cyuzuye cy'amaraso (CBC) kugira ngo harebwe ubwoko butandukanye bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso
3. Ibizamini by'ubuvuzi bw'amaraso kugira ngo harebwe uko ingingo zawe zikora
4. Gutora umugufi w'amagufwa kugira ngo harebwe uturemangingo mu mugufi w'amagufwa
5. Ibizamini bya gene kugira ngo hamenyekane impinduka zihariye mu turemangingo twawe twa Ese
6. Ibizamini by'amashusho nka CT scan cyangwa X-ray y'amabere kugira ngo harebwe niba Ese yadutse

Gutora umugufi w'amagufwa bishobora kugaragara nk'ibibabaza, ariko muganga wawe azakoresha imiti ibabaza kugira ngo agabanye ububabare. Iki kizamini gitanga amakuru akomeye ku bwoko bwawe bwa Ese kandi gifasha kuyobora uburyo bwo kuvura.

Ni iki kivura Ese?

Ubuvuzi bwa Ese bwateye imbere cyane mu myaka yashize, abantu benshi bagera ku kirengera kandi bakabaho ubuzima busanzwe. Gahunda yawe y'ubuvuzi izaterwa n'ubwoko bwa Ese ufite, uko yateye imbere, n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange.

Intego nyamukuru y'ubuvuzi ni ukurwanya uturemangingo twa Ese no gufasha umugufi w'amagufwa gutangira gukora uturemangingo tw'amaraso dukesha ubuzima. Ikipe yawe y'abaganga izakorana nawe kugira ngo mutoranye uburyo bubereye uko ibintu bimeze.

Uburyo busanzwe bwo kuvura burimo:

• Chemotherapy ikoresha imiti yo kwica uturemangingo twa Ese
• Imiti yibasira ibintu byihariye bya kanseri
• Ubuvuzi bw'imirasire yo kwica uturemangingo twa Ese mu bice bimwe na bimwe
• Gutera uturemangingo tw'umugufi w'amagufwa (gutera umugufi w'amagufwa) kubwoko bumwe na bumwe
• Immunotherapy gufasha ubudahangarwa bwawe kurwanya Ese
• Ubufasha bwo kuvura ibimenyetso n'ingaruka mbi

Abantu benshi batangira bakoresha chemotherapy, ishobora gutangwa binyuze mu mitsi, nk'imiti, cyangwa rimwe na rimwe mu mwenge w'umugongo. Muganga wawe azasobanura neza icyo utegereje muri gahunda yawe y'ubuvuzi.

Ubuvuzi bukunze kuba mu byiciro, bitangira binyuze mu buvuzi bukomeye kugira ngo hagerwe ku kirengera, hagakurikirwa ubuvuzi bundi kugira ngo Ese idasubira. Ubu buryo bwagaragaye ko bugira akamaro cyane kubwoko bwinshi bwa Ese.

Uko wakwitaho mu gihe cyo kuvurwa Ese?

Kwitaho mu gihe cyo kuvurwa Ese bisobanura gukurikiza amabwiriza y'abaganga bawe no kwita ku mibereho yawe ya buri munsi. Intambwe nto zishobora kugira uruhare rukomeye mu kuntu wumva.

Ubudahangarwa bwawe buzagabanuka mu gihe cyo kuvurwa, bityo kwirinda indwara biba ari ingenzi cyane. Ibi bivuze kwitondera cyane isuku no kwirinda imihana cyangwa abantu barwaye aho bishoboka.

Dore ingamba z'ingenzi zo kwitaho:

• Koga intoki kenshi kandi neza
• Kwirinda imihana n'abantu barwaye
• Kurya indyo yuzuye irimo amaprotéine n'ibinyabutabire byinshi
• Kunywa amazi ahagije
• Kuryama bihagije igihe umubiri wawe ubishaka
• Kunywa imiti uko yagenewe
• Kumenyesha umuriro, kuva amaraso bidasanzwe, cyangwa ibimenyetso by'indwara byihuse
• Kuguma ukora imyitozo ukurikije imbaraga zawe

Ntugatege amatwi kubabaza ikipe yawe y'abaganga ibibazo cyangwa ingaruka mbi urimo guhura na zo. Bakunze gutanga ibisubizo cyangwa impinduka kugira ngo wumve utekanye mu gihe cyo kuvurwa.

Uko wakwitegura uruzinduko rwawe kwa muganga?

Kwitoza uruzinduko rwawe kwa muganga bishobora kugufasha kubona byinshi mu ruzinduko rwawe kandi bikabuza kwibagirwa ibibazo cyangwa amakuru akomeye. Andika ibimenyetso byawe n'igihe wabimenye bwa mbere.

Zana urutonde rwuzuye rw'imiti yose, amavitamine, n'ibindi byongerwamo ukoresha, harimo n'umwanya. Aya makuru afasha muganga wawe gusobanukirwa ubuzima bwawe bwuzuye no kwirinda ibibazo byose.

Tekereza kuzana inshuti cyangwa umuryango w'umuryango wizewe mu ruzinduko rwawe. Bashobora kugufasha kwibuka amakuru no gutanga ubufasha mu gihe cyo kuganira bishobora kugaragara nk'ibintu byinshi.

Tegura ibi bintu mu ruzinduko rwawe:

• Urutonde rw'ibimenyetso byawe byose n'igihe byatangiye
• Urutonde rwuzuye rw'imiti harimo imiti yo kwivura
• Amateka yawe y'ubuvuzi n'ibizamini byakozwe mbere
• Amakuru y'ubwisungane n'irangamuntu
• Urutonde rw'ibibazo ushaka kubaza
• Igitabo cyo kwandika amakuru akomeye

Ntuhangayike kubabaza ibibazo byinshi. Ikipe yawe y'abaganga ishaka ko usobanukirwa uburwayi bwawe kandi ukaba wizeye gahunda yawe y'ubuvuzi.

Ni iki gikomeye cyo kumenya kuri Ese?

Ese ni indwara ikomeye, ariko ni ngombwa kwibuka ko ubuvuzi bwateye imbere cyane kandi abantu benshi barwaye Ese babaho ubuzima buhamye, buhamye. Uburambe bwa buri muntu ni bwihariye, kandi ikipe yawe y'abaganga izakorana nawe kugira ngo mugire gahunda y'ubuvuzi ibereye.

Kumenya hakiri kare no kuvura birashobora kugira uruhare rukomeye mu musaruro. Niba ufite ibimenyetso bikomeza bikubangamira, ntutinye kuvugana na muganga wawe kugira ngo akore ibizamini bikwiye.

Wibuke ko kugira Ese bidakugaragaza, kandi nturi wenyine muri uru rugendo. Ubufasha buhari binyuze mu ikipe yawe y'abaganga, umuryango, inshuti, n'imiryango itandukanye yihariye gufasha abantu barwaye kanseri y'amaraso.

Ibibazo bikunze kubaho kuri Ese

Ese Ese irangwa mu muryango?

Imyanya myinshi ya Ese ntiragwa mu muryango. Nubwo kugira umuntu wo mu muryango ufite Ese byongera gato ibyago byawe, abantu benshi barwara Ese nta mateka y'umuryango w'iyo ndwara.

Ese Ese ishobora gukira?

Ubwoko bwinshi bwa Ese bushobora kuvurwa neza, abantu bamwe bagera ku kirengera kiramba imyaka cyangwa imyaka myinshi. Ibipimo byo gukira bitandukanye cyane bitewe n'ubwoko bwa Ese, imyaka yawe, n'ibindi bintu. Muganga wawe ashobora kuguha amakuru arambuye ku bijyanye n'ubuzima bwawe hashingiwe ku mimerere yawe.

Ese ubuvuzi bwa Ese buramara igihe kingana iki?

Igihe cyo kuvura gitandukanye cyane bitewe n'ubwoko bwa Ese n'uko usubiza neza ubuvuzi. Bamwe mu bantu bakenera ubuvuzi bukomeye mu mezi menshi, mu gihe abandi bashobora gukenera ubuvuzi buhoraho imyaka myinshi. Ese ikomeye isaba ubuvuzi bukomeye mu ntangiriro, mu gihe ubwoko budakomeye bushobora gucungwa n'ubuvuzi buke, buhoraho igihe kirekire.

Ese nakomeza gukora mu gihe cyo kuvurwa Ese?

Niba ushobora gukora mu gihe cyo kuvurwa biterwa n'uko ibintu bimeze, ubwoko bw'ubuvuzi, n'uko wumva. Bamwe mu bantu bashobora gukomeza gukora binyuze mu mpinduka, mu gihe abandi bakeneye gufata ikiruhuko. Muganire ku kazi kawe n'ikipe yawe y'abaganga kugira ngo bagufashe gufata umwanzuro mwiza ku buzima bwawe n'imimerere yawe.

Ese ni iki nakwiye kurya mu gihe cyo kuvurwa Ese?

Fata umwanya wo kurya indyo yuzuye irimo amaprotéine, imbuto, na mboga igihe wumva ubishoboye. Ariko kandi, ugomba kwirinda ibiryo bimwe na bimwe bishobora gutera indwara, nka za nyama zidahetse, imbuto n'imboga zidahetse, n'ibikomoka ku mata bitavurwa. Ikipe yawe y'abaganga cyangwa umuhanga mu by'imirire ashobora kuguha amabwiriza yihariye y'imirire ukurikije uko ibintu bimeze.