Ese ni Kanseri y’iminwa? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n’Ubuvuzi

Kanseri y’iminwa ni ubwoko bwa kanseri yo mu kanwa itera iyo uturemangingo tudakora neza twiyongera mu buryo budakwiye ku minwa yawe. Iyi kanseri ikunze kugaragara ku munwa wo hasi kandi ivurwa neza iyo ibonetse hakiri kare.

Iyi ndwara isanzwe igaragara nk’igisebe, igiturika, cyangwa agace gafite ibara ritari ryo kidakira. Nubwo ijambo “kanseri” rishobora gutera ubwoba, kanseri y’iminwa ifite umwe mu mubare munini w’abakira muri kanseri zose iyo ibonetse kandi ikavurwa vuba.

Ese ni iki Kanseri y’iminwa?

Kanseri y’iminwa ibaho iyo uturemangingo dufite ubuzima bwiza mu mubiri w’iminwa yawe bitangira gukura mu buryo budakwiye bikaba igiturika. Buri gihe 90% bya kanseri z’iminwa ni kanseri z’uturemangingo twa squamous, zitangira mu turemangingo duto, dutambitse, dukingira iminwa yawe.

Umunwa wo hasi ubangamirwa kenshi kurusha uwo hejuru kuko uba ahantu hagaragara izuba cyane mu buzima bwawe bwose. Umunwa wawe wo hasi ukunda kuba hanze, bituma uba mu kaga kenshi k’imirasire y’izuba yangiza.

Gake cyane, kanseri y’iminwa ishobora kuba kanseri y’uturemangingo twa basal cyangwa melanoma. Iyi mibare itwara mu buryo butandukanye kandi ishobora gusaba uburyo bwo kuvura bwihariye, ariko iracyoroshye cyane iyo ibonetse hakiri kare.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya Kanseri y’iminwa?

Ibimenyetso bya mbere bya kanseri y’iminwa bishobora kuba bito, niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa kwita ku mpinduka ziba ku minwa yawe. Abantu benshi batangira gufata ibi bimenyetso nk’ibisebe by’umwijima cyangwa iminwa yacitse.

Dore ibimenyetso bisanzwe bikwiye kwitonderwa:

• Isebe cyangwa igisebe ku munwa wawe kidakira mu gihe cy’ibyumweru bibiri
• Igiturika, ukubura, cyangwa agace karangwa n’ubushishi ku munwa wawe
• Ibice byera cyangwa by’umutuku bikomeza kubaho
• Kuva amaraso ku munwa wawe utabikoze
• Kubabara cyangwa gukora nk’aho hari ikintu kibabaza mu gace k’iminwa yawe
• Kubabara cyangwa ububabare bidashira
• Impinduka z’imibare cyangwa imiterere y’iminwa

Bamwe mu bantu bagira n’ikibazo cyo gufungura umunwa cyangwa kurya. Niba ubona kubyimbagira mu ijosi cyangwa mu gace k’umunwa, bishobora kugaragaza ko kanseri yamanutse mu mitsi ya lymph, nubwo ibi bidahagaragara cyane muri kanseri y’iminwa iri mu cyiciro cya mbere.

Ni ibihe bwoko bya Kanseri y’iminwa?

Hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa kanseri y’iminwa, buri bwoko bufite imico yihariye. Kanseri y’uturemangingo twa squamous igize igice kinini cy’ibibazo kandi isanzwe itera buhoro buhoro mu mezi cyangwa imyaka.

Kanseri y’uturemangingo twa basal ishobora kandi kuba ku minwa, nubwo ari yo isanzwe iba mu bindi bice byo mu maso. Iyi mibare ntiramanuka ariko ishobora gukura mu mubiri uwo ari wo wose niba idavuwe.

Melanoma ku minwa ni gake ariko ikaba ikomeye kurusha izindi mubare. Ikunze kugaragara nk’agace k’umukara cyangwa agace kadasanzwe gafite ibara kandi isaba ubufasha bw’abaganga vuba.

Mu bihe bidahagaragara, izindi mubare nka adenocarcinoma cyangwa lymphoma zishobora kuba ku minwa. Muganga wawe ashobora kumenya ubwoko nyabwo binyuze mu bugenzuzi, ibi bifasha mu gutanga gahunda y’ubuvuzi ikwiye.

Ni iki gituma haba Kanseri y’iminwa?

Izuba ni yo ntandaro ikomeye ya kanseri y’iminwa. Imvura y’imirasire ya UV imyaka myinshi yangiza ADN mu turemangingo tw’iminwa yawe, amaherezo bituma uturemangingo tumwe na tumwe tuba kanseri.

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara iyi ndwara:

• Kugaragara cyane mu zuba imyaka myinshi
• Uruhu rw’umweru rworoshye kwaka
• Kunywa itabi (kunywa, guhekenya, cyangwa itabi)
• Kunywisha inzoga cyane
• Kwandura virusi ya papillomavirus (HPV)
• Ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke
• Amateka yabanje ya kanseri y’uruhu

Abantu bakora imirimo hanze cyangwa bamara igihe kinini mu zuba batarinze iminwa yabo bafite ibyago byinshi. Abagabo barwara kanseri y’iminwa kenshi kurusha abagore, kubera ko bagaragara cyane mu zuba kandi bakoresha itabi cyane.

Gake cyane, zimwe mu ndwara z’impyiko cyangwa kuvurwa kwabanje kw’umutwe n’ijosi bishobora kongera amahirwe yo kurwara kanseri y’iminwa.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera Kanseri y’iminwa?

Ukwiye kujya kwa muganga niba ubona impinduka zikomeza kuba ku minwa yawe zikamara ibyumweru birenga bibiri. Ibi birimo ibisebe bidakira, ibiturika bidasanzwe, cyangwa ibice by’imibare bitari byo.

Ntugatege amatwi niba uvuye amaraso ku munwa wawe nta mpamvu isobanutse. Nubwo ibi bitavuze ko ari kanseri, ni byiza ko umuhanga abireba kugira ngo akureho ibibazo bikomeye.

Shaka ubufasha bw’abaganga vuba niba ubona kubabara, kubabara, cyangwa kubabara ku minwa yawe bidakira. Impinduka z’uko iminwa yawe yumva cyangwa ikora rimwe na rimwe zishobora kuba ibimenyetso by’umutekano muke.

Niba ufite imiyoboro ya lymph yabyimbye mu ijosi hamwe n’ibimenyetso by’iminwa, ibi bisaba isuzuma ryihuse. Nubwo ibintu byinshi bishobora gutera imiyoboro ya lymph yabyimbye, guhuza bisaba isuzuma ry’umwuga.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago bya Kanseri y’iminwa?

Kumva ibyago byawe bishobora kugufasha gufata ingamba zo kwirinda no kumenya igihe ukwiye kwitondera impinduka. Ikintu cyongera ibyago cyane ni imirasire y’izuba mu buzima bwawe bwose.

Ibyago byawe byiyongera cyane niba:

• Ufite uruhu rw’umweru, umusatsi w’umweru, cyangwa amaso y’umweru
• Ukorera hanze cyangwa umara igihe kinini mu zuba
• Uba ahantu hari izuba cyangwa ahantu hari hejuru
• Ukoresha itabi mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose
• Unywa inzoga cyane kandi buri gihe
• Ufite amateka y’ibisebe by’umwijima cyangwa HPV
• Unywa imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri

Imyaka ikina uruhare, kanseri nyinshi z’iminwa ziba mu bantu barengeje imyaka 50. Abagabo bafite ibyago birenga inshuro eshatu kurusha abagore, nubwo icyuho kiri kugabanuka uko imikorere yo kugaragara mu zuba ihinduka.

Kuba wararwaye kanseri y’uruhu ahandi hose ku mubiri wawe byongera amahirwe yo kurwara kanseri y’iminwa. Niba wavuye umirasire ku mutwe cyangwa mu ijosi, ibyago byawe bishobora kandi kwiyongera.

Ni ibihe bibazo bishobora guterwa na Kanseri y’iminwa?

Iyo ibonetse hakiri kare, kanseri y’iminwa ntabwo itera ibibazo bikomeye. Ariko, gutinda kuvura bishobora gutera ibibazo byinshi bitoroshye gucunga.

Ibibazo bisanzwe birimo:

• Kumanuka mu mitsi ya lymph mu ijosi
• Gukura mu mubiri w’imbere mu maso
• Kubura ubushobozi bwo kurya, kuvuga, cyangwa kunywa
• Impinduka z’imiterere y’iminwa
• Kwangirika kw’imitsi bituma ubabara
• Kugaruka nyuma yo kuvurwa

Mu bihe bikomeye, kanseri y’iminwa ishobora kumanuka mu bice bya kure by’umubiri wawe, nubwo ibi bidahagaragara. Kanseri ishobora kandi gukura cyane ku buryo igira ingaruka ku mifuru y’umunwa cyangwa izindi nzego z’imbere mu maso.

Bamwe mu bantu bagira umunwa wumye cyangwa bagira ikibazo cyo kugira iminwa yoroshye nyuma yo kuvurwa. Nubwo ibi bibazo bishobora kuba bigoye, itsinda ry’ubuvuzi rishobora kugufasha kubicunga neza.

Kanseri y’iminwa ishobora kwirindwa gute?

Inkuru nziza ni uko kanseri y’iminwa ishobora kwirindwa mu buryo bugaragara binyuze mu migenzo yoroshye ya buri munsi. Kurinda iminwa yawe imirasire y’izuba ni intambwe ikomeye ushobora gutera.

Dore uko ushobora kugabanya ibyago byawe:

• Koresha lip balm ifite SPF 30 cyangwa hejuru buri munsi
• Koresha ingofero nini iyo uri hanze
• Shaka igicucu mu masaha y’izuba ryinshi (saa 10 za mugitondo kugeza saa 16)
• Kureka itabi rwose
• Kugabanya kunywa inzoga
• Kunywa amazi ahagije kugira ngo iminwa yawe igire ubuzima bwiza
• Suzuma iminwa yawe buri gihe kugira ngo urebe impinduka

Kora kurinda iminwa yawe nk’uko ukora no gukaraba amenyo. Ongera ushire lip balm ifite SPF mu gihe cy’umunsi, cyane cyane niba uri kurya, kunywa, cyangwa uri hanze.

Niba ukoresha itabi ubu, kureka ni kimwe mu bintu byiza ushobora gukora ku buzima bwawe bwose. Muganga wawe ashobora kugufasha kubona gahunda zikomeye zo guhagarika kunywa itabi n’ubufasha.

Kanseri y’iminwa imenyekanwa gute?

Kumenya kanseri y’iminwa bisanzwe bitangira muganga wawe asuzumye iminwa yawe kandi akabaza ibibazo ku bimenyetso byawe. Azareba neza ibice byose bishidikanywaho kandi azasuzume ibiturika cyangwa imiyoboro ya lymph yabyimbye.

Niba hakekwa kanseri, muganga wawe azakora ubugenzuzi bwo gukuraho igice gito cy’umubiri kugira ngo ubushakashatsi bwakorwe. Ibi bikorwa ukoresheje imiti ihagarika ububabare kandi bikamara iminota mike.

Ibyavuye mu bugenzuzi bizerekana niba hari uturemangingo twa kanseri kandi ubwoko bwabyo. Muganga wawe ashobora kandi gutegeka ibizamini by’amashusho nka CT scan cyangwa MRI kugira ngo arebe niba kanseri yamanutse.

Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, muganga wawe ashobora gukoresha umucyo wihariye cyangwa ibara kugira ngo afashe kumenya ibice bidasanzwe ku minwa yawe. Iyi mikorere ishobora koroshya kubona impinduka za mbere zishobora kutaragaragara.

Ni iki kivura Kanseri y’iminwa?

Ubuvuzi bwa kanseri y’iminwa biterwa n’ubunini, aho iherereye, n’icyiciro cya kanseri yawe. Inkuru nziza ni uko kanseri nyinshi z’iminwa zishobora gukira burundu hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Kubaga ni bwo buvuzi busanzwe kandi akenshi ni bwo bukeneye kuvura kanseri y’iminwa iri mu cyiciro cya mbere. Umuganga wawe azakuraho igiturika hamwe n’agace gato k’umubiri kugira ngo abemeze ko uturemangingo twa kanseri twavuyeho.

Ubundi buryo bwo kuvura bushobora kuba:

• Ubuvuzi bw’imirasire yo kwangiza uturemangingo twa kanseri dushigaje
• Cryotherapy (gukonjesha) ku biturika bito cyane
• Imiti yo hanze ku mpinduka zabanje za kanseri
• Kubaga gusana kugira ngo hagarurwe imiterere y’iminwa
• Chemotherapy ku bihe bikomeye

Itsinda ryawe ry’ubuvuzi rizakora neza kugira ngo ririnde imikorere n’imiterere y’iminwa yawe. Ubuhanga bugezweho butuma abantu benshi bakomeza kurya, kuvuga, no kugira imiterere y’isura isanzwe nyuma yo kuvurwa.

Kwitabwaho nyuma yo kuvurwa ni ingenzi na nyuma yo kuvurwa neza. Kusuzuma buri gihe bifasha gufata ibibazo byose byagarutse hakiri kare no kugenzura kanseri nshya z’uruhu ahandi ku mubiri wawe.

Uko wakwitaho iwawe mu gihe ufite Kanseri y’iminwa

Nubwo ubuvuzi bw’abaganga ari ingenzi, hari ibintu byinshi ushobora gukora iwawe kugira ngo ufashe mu kugaruka no guhumurizwa. Kurinda iminwa yawe no kuyitera amazi biba byiza cyane mu gihe cy’ubuvuzi.

Dore ingamba zo kwitaho iwawe zifasha:

• Komeza utere iminwa yawe amazi ukoresheje amavuta yoroheje, adafite impumuro
• Kurinda ibice bivuwe imirasire y’izuba
• Kurya ibiryo byoroshye bidakomeretsa iminwa yawe
• Komeza unywe amazi ahagije
• Kureka inzoga n’itabi rwose
• Fata imiti igabanya ububabare nk’uko wagendeye
• Komeza usuzumwe n’itsinda ryawe ry’ubuvuzi

Witondere uko iminwa yawe ikira kandi ubwira muganga wawe impinduka zose zishidikanywaho. Kubyimbagira, kubabara, cyangwa impinduka z’uburyohe ni ibisanzwe nyuma yo kuvurwa, ariko ibibazo bikomeza bisaba isuzuma.

Tegereza gukoresha umwuka mu rugo kugira ngo urinde iminwa yawe kumye. Imikino yoroheje y’iminwa isabwa n’itsinda ryawe ry’ubuvuzi ishobora kugufasha kugumana uburyohe n’imikorere.

Uko wakitegura ku bw’isura yawe kwa muganga

Kuba witeguye neza ku bw’isura yawe kwa muganga bifasha kwemeza ko ubonye isuzuma ryiza kandi ubone ubufasha bwiza. Tangira wandike ibimenyetso byawe byose n’igihe wabibonye bwa mbere.

Zana urutonde rw’imiti yose, amavitamini, n’ibindi byongera imbaraga ukoresha. Bandika amateka yose yo kugaragara mu zuba, gukoresha itabi, cyangwa kanseri zabanje z’uruhu, kuko ibi bintu bifasha muganga wawe gusuzuma uko uhagaze.

Tegereza kuzana ibi bintu ku bw’isura yawe:

• Amafoto agaragaza uko agace kahindutse mu gihe
• Urukurikirane rw’ibibazo ushaka kubaza
• Amakuru y’ubwishingizi n’irangamuntu
• Amateka y’ubuzima bw’umuryango, cyane cyane kanseri
• Umuntu w’umuryango cyangwa inshuti yizewe kugira ngo aguhe inkunga

Ntujyane lip balm cyangwa lipstick ku bw’isura yawe kugira ngo muganga wawe abone iminwa yawe neza. Niba uhangayitse kubw’isura, ibyo ni ibisanzwe kandi bisobanuka.

Andika ibibazo mbere kugira ngo utabyibagirwa. Ibibazo byiza bishobora kuba kubaza ibyerekeye uburyo bwo kuvura, igihe cyo gukira, n’imiterere y’igihe kirekire.

Icyingenzi cyo kuzirikana kuri Kanseri y’iminwa

Ikintu cy’ingenzi cyo kuzirikana ni uko kanseri y’iminwa ivurwa neza, cyane cyane iyo ibonetse hakiri kare. Abantu benshi barwara kanseri y’iminwa bakomeza kubaho ubuzima busanzwe, bwiza nyuma yo kuvurwa.

Kwiringira binyuze mu kurinda izuba buri munsi ni ubwugarizi bwawe bwiza kurwanya kanseri y’iminwa. Gukoresha lip balm ifite SPF nk’igice cy’imigenzo yawe ya buri munsi ni umuco woroshye ushobora gutanga itandukaniro rikomeye.

Ntugatere amatwi impinduka zikomeza kuba ku minwa yawe, ariko ntukihute niba ubona ikintu kitari cyo. Ibibazo byinshi by’iminwa ni byiza, kandi nubwo kanseri ibaho, umubare w’abakira ni mwiza iyo havurwa vuba.

Kwisuzuma iminwa yawe buri gihe bikamara amasegonda make ariko bishobora kugufasha gufata ibibazo hakiri kare. Reba ibisebe, ibiturika, cyangwa impinduka z’imibare bikomeza ibyumweru birenga bibiri.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubahwa kuri Kanseri y’iminwa

Q1: Ese kanseri y’iminwa ishobora gukira burundu?

Yego, kanseri y’iminwa ifite umwe mu mubare munini w’abakira muri kanseri zose iyo ibonetse hakiri kare. Abantu barenga 90% bafite kanseri y’iminwa iri mu cyiciro cya mbere bakira burundu hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye. Nubwo mu bihe bikomeye, ubuvuzi akenshi bugira icyo bugeraho.

Q2: Nshobora kumenya itandukaniro hagati ya kanseri y’iminwa n’igisebe cy’umwijima?

Ibisebe by’umwijima bisanzwe bigaragara nk’ibiturika byuzuye amazi bisenya bikaba ibibyimba, bikira mu minsi 7-10. Kanseri y’iminwa isanzwe igaragara nk’igisebe gikomeza kubaho, igiturika, cyangwa agace gafite ibara ritari ryo kidakira nyuma y’ibyumweru bibiri. Iyo uhangayitse, reba muganga wawe kugira ngo agusuzuma.

Q3: Ese kanseri y’iminwa isaba kubaga buri gihe?

Kubaga ni bwo buvuzi busanzwe, ariko impinduka za mbere cyangwa izabanje za kanseri zishobora kuvurwa n’ubundi buryo nka cryotherapy cyangwa imiti yo hanze. Muganga wawe azagutegurira uburyo bwiza bushingiye ku mimerere yawe n’icyiciro cya kanseri.

Q4: Ese nzasa neza nyuma yo kuvurwa kanseri y’iminwa?

Abantu benshi bagumana imiterere isanzwe y’iminwa nyuma yo kuvurwa kanseri y’iminwa iri mu cyiciro cya mbere. Ubuhanga bugezweho bwo kubaga bugamije kubungabunga imikorere n’imiterere. Niba gusana bikenewe, abaganga babaga bashobora kugera ku musaruro mwiza w’ubwiza.

Q5: Ni kangahe nkwiye kugenzura iminwa yanjye kugira ngo nrebe ibimenyetso bya kanseri?

Suzuma iminwa yawe buri kwezi nk’igice cy’imigenzo yo kwisuzuma. Reba mu mucyo mwiza kandi umenye ibiturika, ibintu byuzuye, cyangwa ibice birangwa n’ubushishi. Niba uri mu kaga kubera kugaragara mu zuba cyangwa izindi mpamvu, muganga wawe ashobora kugutegeka gusuzuma kenshi n’abahanga.