Indwara ya Listeria Ni Iki? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n’Uko Ivurwa

Indwara ya Listeria, izwi kandi nka listeriosis, ibaho iyo umuntu yanyweye cyangwa agakoresha ibiryo byanduye bakteria yitwa Listeria monocytogenes. Iyi ndwara iterwa n’ibiryo ishobora gutera ibimenyetso bike bisa n’iby’igipfapfa, cyangwa ikaba ikomeye cyane, cyane cyane ku bagore batwite, abana bashya, n’abafite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke.

Abantu bakuze bakomeye benshi banduye listeria bagira ibimenyetso bike bikira byonyine. Ariko kandi, iyi ndwara ikwiye kwitabwaho kuko ishobora gutera ingaruka zikomeye ku bantu bafite ubuzima buke, rimwe na rimwe ikaba isaba ubuvuzi bwihuse.

Indwara ya Listeria Ni Iki?

Indwara ya Listeria ibaho iyo bakteria Listeria monocytogenes yinjiye mu mubiri wawe binyuze mu biryo cyangwa ibinyobwa byanduye. Iyi bakteria ikomeye ishobora kubaho ndetse ikavuka mu bushyuhe buke, bituma itera impungenge cyane mu biryo bibikwa mu buryo bwa firigo.

Iyi bakteria iba mu butaka, mu mazi, no mu bimwe mu nyamaswa. Ishobora kwanduza ibiryo byinshi mu gihe cyo kubitunganya, kububika, cyangwa kubibika. Bitandukanye n’izindi bakteria nyinshi ziterwa n’ibiryo, listeria ntabwo ihindura uburyohe, impumuro, cyangwa isura y’ibiryo byanduye.

Ubusanzwe umubiri wawe urwanya listeria nke utabizi. Ibibazo bibaho iyo unyoye bakteria nyinshi cyangwa iyo ubudahangarwa bwawe bw’umubiri butameze neza kandi budashobora kurwanya iyi ndwara.

Ibimenyetso by’Indwara ya Listeria Ni Ibihe?

Ibimenyetso bya listeria bishobora gutandukana cyane bitewe n’ubuzima bwawe rusange n’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri wawe. Abantu benshi bagira ibimenyetso bike bisa n’iby’indwara y’igifu cyangwa igipfapfa.

Ibimenyetso bisanzwe ushobora kubona birimo:

• Umuhango n’ubushyuhe bukabije
• Kubabara umubiri n’umunaniro
• Isesemi no kuruka
• Impiswi cyangwa kubabara mu nda
• Kubabara umutwe
• Kubura ubushake bwo kurya

Ibi bimenyetso ubusanzwe bigaragara mu minsi mike kugeza ku ndwi nyuma yo kurya ibiryo byanduye. Igihe gishobora gutandukana kuko listeria ifite igihe kirekire cyo kubyara ugereranije n’izindi ndwara ziterwa n’ibiryo.

Mu bihe bikomeye, cyane cyane ku bantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke, listeria ishobora gukwirakwira mu mubiri. Ibi bibaho, ushobora kugira ububabare bukomeye bw’umutwe, guhagarara kw’ijosi, gucika intekerezo, cyangwa kugira ibibazo byo kubona umwanya. Ibi bimenyetso bigaragaza ko iyi ndwara yageze ku mutwe wawe kandi bisaba ubuvuzi bwihuse.

Abagore batwite bakunze kugira ibimenyetso bike bisa n’iby’igipfapfa. Ariko kandi, iyi ndwara ishobora kuba ikomeye ku mwana uri mu nda, ishobora gutera gukuramo inda, gupfa kw’umwana, cyangwa indwara ikomeye ku bana bashya.

Impamvu ziterwa n’Indwara ya Listeria Ni Izihe?

Indwara ya Listeria ibaho iyo urya cyangwa unywa ikintu cyanduye bakteria Listeria monocytogenes. Iyi bakteria ishobora kwanduza ibiryo mu bice bitandukanye byo kubitunganya, kubitunganya, cyangwa kubibika.

Uduce twinshi tw’ibiryo dukunze gufatwa nk’ibyanduye listeria turimo:

• Foromaje zoroheje zakozwe amata ataravurwa
• Inyama z’inyama zitunganyirijwe n’isoseji, cyane cyane iyo zitashyuhirijwe neza
• Amafi n’ibindi byo mu mazi byakozwe
• Imboga mboga n’imbuto zitarakarajwe
• Ibinyobwa by’amata bitaravurwa
• Ibiryo biteguye kurya byabitswe igihe kirekire

Iyi bakteria ikura neza mu mimerere y’ubushuhe kandi ishobora kubaho mu bushyuhe bwa firigo. Ibi bituma itera ibibazo cyane mu biryo bibikwa mu buryo bwa firigo kandi bikarirwa bitateguwe.

Kwanduza ibiryo mu gikoni na byo bishobora gukwirakwiza listeria. Ibi bibaho iyo ibiryo byanduye bigizeho ibiryo bisukuye, cyangwa iyo ukoresha icyuma kimwe cyangwa ibikoresho byo guteka utabisukura neza hagati y’ibikorwa.

Gake, ushobora kurwara listeria ukoresheje inyamaswa zanduye cyangwa ubutaka bwanduye. Ibi bikunda kubaho ku bantu bakorana n’amatungo cyangwa mu mirima.

Ni Ryari Ukwiye Kubona Muganga kubera Indwara ya Listeria?

Ukwiye kuvugana na muganga wawe niba ufite ibimenyetso bikomeye cyangwa uri mu itsinda ry’abafite ibyago byinshi. Abantu bakuze bakomeye bafite ibimenyetso bike bashobora gukira mu rugo bafashwa.

Shaka ubuvuzi bw’abaganga ako kanya niba ufite ububabare bukomeye bw’umutwe, guhagarara kw’ijosi, gucika intekerezo, cyangwa kugira ibibazo byo kubona umwanya. Ibi bimenyetso bigaragaza ko iyi ndwara ishobora kuba yageze ku mutwe wawe, bikaba bisaba ubuvuzi bwihuse.

Abagore batwite bagomba kuvugana na muganga wabo ako kanya niba bakeka ko banduye listeria, nubwo bafite ibimenyetso bike. Ubuvuzi bwihuse bushobora gufasha kurinda umubyeyi n’umwana ingaruka zikomeye.

Abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke, abantu barengeje imyaka 65, n’abafite ibibazo by’ubuzima nk’igisukari cyangwa indwara z’impyiko bagomba gushaka ubuvuzi bwihuse. Ubudahangarwa bwabo bw’umubiri buke bushobora kudakora neza mu kurwanya iyi ndwara.

Niba ibimenyetso byawe bikomeye cyangwa ntibikira nyuma y’iminsi mike, ni byiza kuvugana na muganga wawe. Ashobora kumenya niba ukeneye ibizamini cyangwa ubuvuzi.

Ibyago byo Kurwara Indwara ya Listeria Ni Ibihe?

Uduce twinshi tw’abantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara ikomeye ya listeria. Gusobanukirwa ibi byago bishobora kugufasha gufata ingamba zikwiye.

Itsinda ry’abafite ibyago byinshi ririmo:

• Abagore batwite n’abana babo bataravuka
• Abana bashya n’abana bato
• Abantu bafite imyaka 65 n’irengeje
• Abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke
• Abantu bafata imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri
• Abantu bafite ibibazo by’ubuzima nk’agakoko gatera SIDA, kanseri, cyangwa diyabete

Gutwita bituma haba impinduka mu budahangarwa bw’umubiri wawe, bigatuma urwara listeria vuba. Iyi bakteria ishobora kwambuka umuyoboro w’inda ikanduza umwana uri mu nda, nubwo ufite ibimenyetso bike.

Impinduka ziterwa n’imyaka mu budahangarwa bw’umubiri zituma abantu bakuze barwara indwara zikomeye. Ubushobozi bw’umubiri wawe bwo kurwanya bakteria bugabanuka uko ugenda ukura.

Imiti imwe, cyane cyane iyo ikoreshwa nyuma yo kubagwa cyangwa kubera ibibazo by’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri, igabanya ubushobozi bw’umubiri wawe bwo kurwanya indwara. Ubuvuzi bwa kanseri nk’umuti wa chimiothérapie na bwo bugabanya ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri wawe mu gihe gito.

Ingaruka zishoboka zo Kurwara Indwara ya Listeria Ni Izihe?

Nubwo abantu benshi bakira listeria batagize ibibazo, ingaruka zikomeye zishobora kubaho, cyane cyane ku bantu bafite ibyago byinshi. Gusobanukirwa ibi bibazo bishobora kugufasha kumenya igihe ukwiye gushaka ubuvuzi bw’abaganga.

Ingaruka ikomeye cyane ni listeriosis itera indwara, aho bakteria ikwirakwira mu mubiri. Ibi bishobora gutera:

• Meningite (indwara y’inkingi z’ubwonko n’umugongo)
• Septicemia (kwanduza amaraso)
• Ububabare bw’ubwonko cyangwa encephalitis
• Indwara z’umutima
• Indwara z’amagufwa n’ingingo

Meningite iterwa na listeria ishobora gutera ibibazo by’ubwonko bidakira, birimo kubura kumva, ibibazo byo kwibuka, cyangwa kugira ibibazo byo guhuza ibikorwa. Ubuvuzi bwihuse bufasha cyane mu gukira, niyo mpamvu ubuvuzi bwihuse ari ingenzi.

Ku bagore batwite, listeria ishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye byo gutwita. Iyi ndwara ishobora gutera gukuramo inda, ubusanzwe mu gihe cya kabiri cyo gutwita, cyangwa gupfa kw’umwana. Abana bavutse ku babyeyi barwaye listeria bashobora kurwara indwara zikomeye nyuma yo kuvuka.

Abana bashya barwaye listeria bashobora kugira ibibazo byo guhumeka, ibibazo byo konsa, gucika intekerezo, cyangwa umuriro. Bamwe mu bana barwara meningitis cyangwa sepsis, bishobora kuba bibi cyane bidakize vuba.

Mu bihe bitoroshye, n’abantu bakuze bakomeye bashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye niba iyi ndwara ikwirakwira mu mubiri wose. Ariko, ibi ntibibaho iyo ubuvuzi bw’abaganga buhawe vuba.

Indwara ya Listeria Ishobora Kwibikwa Gute?

Kwibika indwara ya listeria bisaba kwita ku buryo bwiza bwo gutegura no kubika ibiryo. Kubera ko iyi bakteria ishobora kubaho mu bushyuhe buke, uburyo bwiza bwo kubika ibiryo burakomera cyane.

Uburyo bwo kwirinda burimo:

• Guteka inyama n’inkoko ku bushyuhe bukwiye
• Gukaraba imboga n’imbuto neza munsi y’amazi
• Kubika firigo yawe ku bushyuhe bwa 4°C cyangwa munsi yaho
• Gukoresha icyuma cyo guteka kitandukanye ku nyama z’amatungo n’ibindi biryo
• Gukaraba intoki, ibikoresho byo guteka, n’ibindi byo mu gikoni nyuma yo gukora ku biryo bitarashyuhirijwe
• Kurya ibiryo byangirika vuba kandi utabibitse igihe kirekire

Abantu bafite ibyago byinshi bagomba kwitondera cyane kwirinda ibiryo bimwe na bimwe. Ibi birimo foromaje zoroheje zakozwe amata ataravurwa, inyama z’inyama zitunganyirijwe zitarashyuhirijwe, n’amafi yakozwe.

Iyo ukoresha inyama z’inyama zitunganyirijwe cyangwa isoseji, zishyushye kugeza zishyushye cyane mbere yo kuzirya. Ibi birashya bakteria ya listeria ishobora kuba yaranduye ibicuruzwa mu gihe cyo kubitunganya cyangwa kubibika.

Komereza firigo yawe isukuye ukoresheje amazi ashyushye n’isabune. Witondere cyane ahantu amazi y’inyama ashobora kuba yaravuye.

Soma amakuru y’ibiryo neza kandi hitamo ibicuruzwa bivurwa niba bishoboka. Uburyo bwo kuvura ibiryo bwo kwica listeria n’izindi bakteria zangiza ubuzima mu gihe cyo kubika ibiryo.

Indwara ya Listeria Imenyeshwa Gute?

Kumenya indwara ya listeria bisaba ibizamini bya laboratwari kuko ibimenyetso byayo bikunda kumera nk’iby’izindi ndwara. Muganga wawe azatangira akubajije ibimenyetso byawe n’ibyo wariye mu minsi ishize.

Ibizamini bisanzwe bikorwa ni ugusuzuma amaraso, aho igice cy’amaraso yawe gisuzumwa kugira ngo harebwe niba hari bakteria ya listeria. Iki kizamini gishobora gutwara amasaha 24 kugeza kuri 48 kugira ngo kigaragaze ibyavuye kuko bakteria ikeneye igihe kugira ngo ikure muri laboratwari.

Niba muganga wawe akeka ko iyi ndwara yageze ku mutwe wawe, ashobora kugusaba gukora lumbar puncture (spinal tap). Iyi nzira irimo gufata igice gito cy’amazi yo mu mugongo kugira ngo harebwe bakteria n’ibimenyetso by’indwara.

Mu bihe bimwe bimwe, muganga wawe ashobora gusuzuma ibice by’amazi yo mu mubiri cyangwa imyanya y’umubiri, bitewe n’ibimenyetso byawe. Ibice by’amatembabuzi rimwe na rimwe bisuzumwa, nubwo listeria idakunze kugaragara mu matembabuzi nubwo iba mu mubiri wawe.

Muganga wawe azaba afite amakuru y’ibyago byawe n’amateka yawe yo kwandura iyo akora ibizamini. Niba utwite cyangwa ufite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke, ashobora gushaka gusuzuma listeria nubwo ufite ibimenyetso bike.

Uko Indwara ya Listeria Ivurwa Ni Gute?

Uburyo bwo kuvura indwara ya listeria biterwa n’uburemere bw’ibimenyetso byawe n’ubuzima bwawe rusange. Abantu benshi bakuze bakomeye bafite ibimenyetso bike barakira batavuwe.

Ku ndwara zikomeye cyangwa abarwayi bafite ibyago byinshi, abaganga bakunze kwandika imiti ya antibiyotike. Imiti ya antibiyotike ikoreshwa cyane ni ampicillin, ikunze kuvanga na gentamicin ku ndwara zikomeye. Iyi miti ikunze gutangwa mu buryo bwa intravenously mu bitaro.

Abagore batwite bafite indwara ya listeria yemewe bahabwa ubuvuzi bwihuse bwa antibiyotike kugira ngo barinde umubyeyi n’umwana. Ubuvuzi bwihuse bushobora kwirinda kwanduza umwana uri mu nda kandi bugabanye ibyago byo kugira ibibazo byo gutwita.

Niba ufite listeriosis itera indwara ku bwonko cyangwa ku mutwe, uzakenera kujya mu bitaro kugira ngo uvurwe cyane. Ibi bikunze kuba harimo antibiyotike nyinshi ziterwa mu buryo bwa intravenously ibyumweru byinshi.

Muganga wawe azakurikirana uko uhinduka nyuma yo kuvurwa binyuze mu bizamini by’amaraso no gusuzuma ibimenyetso. Abantu benshi batangira kumva neza mu minsi mike nyuma yo gutangira kuvurwa neza.

Kwita ku buzima ni ingenzi mu gihe cyo gukira. Ibi birimo kunywa amazi ahagije, kuruhuka bihagije, no guhangana n’ibimenyetso nk’umuriro n’ububabare hakoreshejwe imiti ikwiye.

Uko Wakwitaho Mu Rugo Wakize Indwara ya Listeria Ni Gute?

Niba ufite ibimenyetso bike bya listeria kandi muganga wawe akubwiye ko ushobora gukira mu rugo, shyira imbaraga mu kwitaho no gukurikirana uko uhagaze. Kuruhuka no kurya neza bifasha umubiri wawe kurwanya iyi ndwara.

Nywa amazi ahagije unywa amazi menshi meza, amasupu meza, cyangwa ibinyobwa byuzuye ibyuzuye. Irinde inzoga na kafeyin, bishobora gutera kukama iyo urwaye.

Kora ku muriro no kubabara umubiri hakoreshejwe imiti yo mu maduka nk’acetaminophen cyangwa ibuprofen. Kurikiza amabwiriza yo ku icupa kandi ntukarenze umwanya ugenewe.

Rya ibiryo biryoshye, byoroshye kurya iyo ubona ubishoboye. Ibiryo bya BRAT (bananas, rice, applesauce, toast) bishobora kuba byoroshye mu gifu cyawe mu gihe cyo gukira.

Kora ku bimenyetso byawe neza kandi uvugane na muganga wawe niba bikomeye cyangwa ibimenyetso bishya bigaragara. Kora ku bushyuhe bwawe kandi bandika impinduka zose mu buzima bwawe.

Irinde gutegura ibiryo ku bandi mu gihe uri kurwara kugira ngo wirinda gukwirakwiza iyi ndwara. Kora intoki zawe kenshi kandi neza, cyane cyane nyuma yo kujya mu bwiherero.

Uko Wakwitegura Kugana Muganga Ni Gute?

Kwitegura gusura muganga bifasha guhamya ko ubonye ubuvuzi bukwiye. Ikorere amakuru y’ibimenyetso byawe n’ibyo wakoze mu minsi ishize.

Andika ibimenyetso byawe byose, harimo igihe byatangiye n’uburemere bwabyo. Bandika ibintu byose, nko kumenya niba ibimenyetso bikomeye mu bihe bimwe bimwe cyangwa bikagabanuka iyo uruhuka.

Kora urutonde rw’ibiryo wariye mu kwezi gushize, witondere ibiryo bifite ibyago byinshi nk’inyama z’inyama zitunganyirijwe, foromaje zoroheje, cyangwa ibiryo biteguye kurya. Bandika aho waguze ibi bicuruzwa niba bishoboka.

Zana urutonde rw’imiti yose ufashe, harimo imiti y’abaganga, imiti yo mu maduka, n’ibindi. Imiti imwe ishobora kugira ingaruka ku budahangarwa bwawe bw’umubiri cyangwa ikagira ingaruka ku buvuzi bushoboka.

Tegura amakuru y’amateka yawe y’ubuzima, cyane cyane ibibazo bishobora kugira ingaruka ku budahangarwa bwawe bw’umubiri. Bandika amakuru y’indwara, kubagwa, cyangwa ibindi bibazo by’ubuzima.

Andika ibibazo ushaka kubabaza muganga wawe, nko kumenya igihe gukira bishobora gutwara, ibibazo byo kwitondera, cyangwa igihe ushobora gusubira mu mirimo yawe isanzwe.

Icyingenzi cyo Kumenya ku bijyanye n’Indwara ya Listeria Ni Iki?

Indwara ya Listeria ni indwara iterwa n’ibiryo ishobora kuba mike cyangwa ikomeye bitewe n’ubuzima bwawe n’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri wawe. Abantu benshi bakuze bakomeye bagira ibimenyetso bisa n’iby’igipfapfa kandi barakira batagize ibibazo.

Icyingenzi mu guhangana na listeria ni ukwirinda binyuze mu buryo bwiza bwo kubika ibiryo no kumenya igihe ukwiye gushaka ubuvuzi bw’abaganga. Abantu bafite ibyago byinshi, barimo abagore batwite n’abafite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke, bakeneye ubuvuzi bwihuse nubwo bafite ibimenyetso bike.

Kumenya hakiri kare no kuvurwa neza, iyo bikenewe, bigatuma abantu benshi bakira neza. Iyi ndwara ivurwa neza n’imiti ya antibiyotike iyo ivurwa, kandi ingaruka zikomeye zishobora kwirindwa hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bw’abaganga.

Shyira imbaraga mu buryo bwiza bwo kubika ibiryo kugira ngo wirinde wowe n’umuryango wawe. Niba uhangayikishijwe n’ubuzima bw’ibiryo cyangwa ufite ibimenyetso bikomeye, ntutinye kuvugana na muganga wawe kugira ngo aguhe ubuyobozi.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubahwa ku bijyanye n’Indwara ya Listeria

Indwara ya listeria imara igihe kingana iki?

Abantu benshi bakuze bakomeye barakira listeria mu minsi mike kugeza ku cyumweru batavuwe. Ariko kandi, ibimenyetso bishobora kumara ibyumweru byinshi mu bihe bimwe bimwe. Niba uhawe imiti ya antibiyotike, ubusanzwe utangira kumva neza mu minsi 2-3 nyuma yo gutangira imiti.

Ushobora kurwara listeria ukoresheje imboga?

Yego, ushobora kurwara listeria ukoresheje imboga zanduye, cyane cyane izo birya zitarashyuhirijwe nk’isalade, ibishyimbo, na melon. Iyi bakteria ishobora kwanduza ibicuruzwa binyuze mu butaka, amazi, cyangwa mu gihe cyo kubitunganya no kubibika. Itegura imboga n’imbuto neza munsi y’amazi mbere yo kuzirya.

Listeriosis yandura hagati y’abantu?

Listeriosis ntiyakwirakwira hagati y’abantu binyuze mu mibanire isanzwe. Ariko kandi, abagore batwite bashobora kwanduza abana babo bataravuka, kandi abana bashya rimwe na rimwe bashobora kuyanduza abandi bana mu bitaro. Uburyo nyamukuru bwo kwandura ni binyuze mu biryo byanduye.

Ibimenyetso bya listeria bigaragara vuba gute?

Ibimenyetso bya listeria bishobora kugaragara mu minsi mike kugeza ku byumweru byinshi nyuma yo kurya ibiryo byanduye, abantu benshi bagira ibimenyetso mu byumweru 1-4. Iki gihe kirekire cyo kubyara bigatuma bigoye kumenya aho iyi ndwara yaturutse. Mu bihe bikomeye bigira ingaruka ku mutwe, ibimenyetso bishobora kugaragara vuba.

Listeriosis ishobora kwicwa no guteka?

Yego, guteka ibiryo ku bushyuhe bukwiye birashya bakteria ya listeria. Shyushya ibiryo ku bushyuhe bwa 74°C kugira ngo ube mu mutekano…