Ese Kanser ya Kizunguzungu? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n’Ubuvuzi

Kanser ya kizunguzungu ibaho iyo utunyangingo tudasanzwe mu kizunguzungu cyawe dukura mu buryo butagira ihame maze tugakora udukoko. Kizunguzungu cyawe, kimwe mu bice binini by’umubiri wawe, kiri mu gice cy’iburyo hejuru cy’inda yawe kandi gikora cyane mu gusukura uburozi, gutunganya poroteyine, no gufasha mu gusya ibyo kurya.

Hari ubwoko bubiri nyamukuru bwa kanseri ya kizunguzungu. Kanseri ya kizunguzungu nyamukuru itangira mu kizunguzungu ubwayo, naho kanseri ya kizunguzungu yisumbuye ikwirakwira mu kizunguzungu iturutse mu bindi bice by’umubiri wawe. Gusobanukirwa itandukaniro bifasha abaganga guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura buhuye n’imimerere yawe.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya kanseri ya kizunguzungu?

Kanseri ya kizunguzungu yo mu ntangiriro akenshi ntabimenyetso bigaragara itera, niyo mpamvu rimwe na rimwe yitwa indwara “y’utuzi”. Iyo ibimenyetso bigaragaye, bishobora kumvikana bidasobanutse kandi bikaba bisa n’ibindi bibazo by’ubuzima bisanzwe.

Dore ibimenyetso ushobora guhura na byo uko kanseri ya kizunguzungu ikomeza gutera imbere:

• Gutakaza ibiro bitasobanuwe utabikoze mu buryo bwo kugabanya ibiro
• Gutakaza ubushake bwo kurya cyangwa kumva wuzuye nyuma yo kurya bike
• Kubabara mu nda hejuru cyangwa kudakorwa neza, cyane cyane ku ruhande rw’iburyo
• Kubyimbagira mu nda biturutse ku kubura amazi
• Kubira umuhondo kw’uruhu n’amaso (jaundice)
• Umunaniro udakunze gukira nubwo waruhuka
• Isesemi no kuruka
• Inkari zera cyangwa zimeze nk’ifu

Bamwe kandi babona ko inkari zabo ziba zirambuye kurusha igihe gisanzwe. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kuza buhoro buhoro mu byumweru cyangwa amezi. Ibuka ko kugira ibi bimenyetso ntibisobanura ko ufite kanseri ya kizunguzungu, kuko ibindi bibazo byinshi bishobora gutera ibyiyumvo bisa.

Ni ibihe bwoko bwa kanseri ya kizunguzungu?

Kanseri ya kizunguzungu nyamukuru itangira mu kizunguzungu cyawe kandi ifite uburyo butandukanye. Ubwoko bugaragara cyane ni hepatocellular carcinoma, bugera kuri 80% bya kanseri zose za kizunguzungu nyamukuru.

Hepatocellular carcinoma isanzwe itera abantu basanzwe bafite indwara z’umwijima cyangwa cirrhosis. Akenshi ikura buhoro buhoro mu ntangiriro ariko ishobora gukwirakwira mu bindi bice by’umwijima wawe cyangwa umubiri wawe uko igihe kigenda.

Ubundi bwoko buke cyane harimo cholangiocarcinoma, butangira mu myanya y’inzira y’umusemburo uri mu kizunguzungu cyawe. Ubwo bwoko buke ariko bushobora kuba bugoranye kuvura kuko akenshi bimenyekana nyuma.

Kanseri ya kizunguzungu yisumbuye, izwi kandi nka kanseri ya kizunguzungu yisumbuye, mu by’ukuri igaragara cyane kurusha kanseri ya kizunguzungu nyamukuru. Ibi bibaho iyo kanseri yo mu kindi gice cy’umubiri wawe ikwirakwira mu kizunguzungu cyawe binyuze mu maraso yawe cyangwa mu mikandara y’amaraso.

Ni iki gituma kanseri ya kizunguzungu ibaho?

Kanseri ya kizunguzungu itera iyo ADN iri mu mitsi ya kizunguzungu yangiritse, ikaba itera gukura mu buryo butagira ihame. Iyo ngaruka ishobora kubaho kubera impamvu zitandukanye, kandi gusobanukirwa izo mpamvu bishobora kugufasha gufata ibyemezo byiza bijyanye n’ubuzima bwawe.

Impamvu zisanzwe harimo:

• Indwara ya hepatitis B cyangwa hepatitis C zidakira
• Cirrhosis iterwa no kunywa inzoga igihe kirekire
• Indwara y’umwijima y’amavuta itaterwa n’inzoga
• Kuhura na aflatoxins (uburozi buturuka ku mboga cyangwa imyumbati y’ibishyimbo)
• Indwara zimwe na zimwe za kizunguzungu zirakomoka mu muryango nka Wilson’s disease
• Diabete, cyane cyane iyo ifatanije n’izindi ndwara z’umwijima
• Umurire n’ibibazo by’imirire

Zimwe mu mpamvu zidakunze kugaragara harimo guhura na chemicals zimwe na zimwe nka vinyl chloride cyangwa thorium dioxide. Steroids zikoresha mu kubaka imitsi zikoreshejwe igihe kirekire zishobora kandi kongera ibyago byawe, nubwo bitabaho kenshi.

Kugira kimwe muri ibyo byago ntibisobanura ko uzabona kanseri ya kizunguzungu. Abantu benshi bafite izi ndwara ntibabona kanseri, mu gihe abandi badafite ibyago bigaragara rimwe na rimwe babona.

Ni ryari ukwiye kubona muganga kubera kanseri ya kizunguzungu?

Wagomba kuvugana na muganga wawe niba ufite ibimenyetso biramba bikuguha impungenge, cyane cyane niba byamaze ibyumweru birenga bike. Kumenya hakiri kare bishobora gutuma habaho itandukaniro rikomeye mu buryo bwo kuvura.

Shaka ubuvuzi vuba niba ubona ko uruhu rwawe cyangwa amaso yawe ari kubira umuhondo, kuko bishobora kugaragaza ikibazo gikomeye cy’umwijima gikenewe gusuzuma vuba. Kubabara cyane mu nda cyangwa kubyimbagira mu nda bitunguranye na byo bisaba isuzuma ry’ubuvuzi vuba.

Niba ufite ibyago nka hepatitis idakira cyangwa cirrhosis, gusuzuma buri gihe na muganga wawe biragira akamaro. Bashobora kugenzura ubuzima bwawe bw’umwijima kandi bagatanga amakuru y’impinduka hakiri kare.

Ni ibihe byago bya kanseri ya kizunguzungu?

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera amahirwe yawe yo kurwara kanseri ya kizunguzungu, nubwo kugira ibyago ntibihamya ko uzayirwara. Gusobanukirwa ibyo byago bigufasha wowe na muganga wawe gufata ibyemezo byiza bijyanye n’ubuzima bwawe.

Ibyago bikomeye harimo:

• Indwara ya hepatitis B cyangwa C idakira
• Cirrhosis iterwa n’icyo ari cyo cyose
• Kunywamo inzoga nyinshi imyaka myinshi
• Indwara y’umwijima y’amavuta itaterwa n’inzoga
• Diabete
• Umurire
• Amateka y’umuryango wa kanseri ya kizunguzungu
• Kuba umugabo (abagabo bashobora kurwara kanseri ya kizunguzungu kurusha abagore)
• Kuba ufite imyaka irenga 60

Zimwe mu mpamvu zidakunze kugaragara harimo ibibazo bimwe na bimwe by’imiterere ya gene nka hemochromatosis, itera umubiri wawe gufata umuringa mwinshi. Primary biliary cholangitis na alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency ni izindi ndwara nke zikomoka mu muryango zishobora kongera ibyago.

Ibintu by’aho utuye bigira uruhare. Ibipimo bya kanseri ya kizunguzungu biri hejuru mu bice bya Aziya na Afurika aho indwara ya hepatitis B igaragara cyane.

Ni ibihe bibazo bishoboka bya kanseri ya kizunguzungu?

Kanseri ya kizunguzungu ishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye uko ikomeza gutera imbere, bigira ingaruka ku mikorere ya kizunguzungu cyawe no ku buzima bwawe muri rusange. Gusobanukirwa ibyo bishoboka bigufasha wowe n’itsinda ryawe ry’abaganga gutegura no gusubiza mu buryo bukwiye.

Ibibazo bisanzwe harimo:

• Gucika intege kw’umwijima uko utunyangingo twa kanseri dusubiza utunyangingo twiza tw’umwijima
• Kubura amazi mu nda (ascites)
• Kuva amaraso mu myanya y’amaraso minini iri mu munwa
• Gucika intege cyangwa guhinduka mu mitekereze biturutse ku kubura uburozi
• Ibibazo by’impyiko
• Kwiyamamaza kwa kanseri mu bindi bice by’umubiri

Bamwe barwara portal hypertension, ibaho iyo amaraso anyura mu kizunguzungu ahindutse. Ibi bishobora gutera kuva amaraso bikabije kandi bisaba ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa.

Ibibazo bidakunze kugaragara harimo amaraso ahindagurika mu myanya y’amaraso y’umwijima cyangwa indwara zikomeye. Itsinda ryawe ry’abaganga rizakukurikirana hafi kugira ngo ribone kandi rivure ibibazo byose hakiri kare.

Kanseri ya kizunguzungu ishobora kwirindwa gute?

Nubwo udashobora gukumira kanseri ya kizunguzungu yose, ushobora gufata ingamba zifatika kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byawe cyane. Ingamba nyinshi zo kwirinda zibanda ku kurinda kizunguzungu cyawe kwangirika bishobora gutera kanseri.

Intambwe zikomeye zo kwirinda harimo gukingirwa hepatitis B niba utarakingirwa. Uru rukingo rufite akamaro kanini kandi rushobora gukumira kimwe mu bintu byinshi bitera kanseri ya kizunguzungu ku isi.

Kugabanya kunywa inzoga birinda kizunguzungu cyawe cirrhosis, ikongera cyane ibyago bya kanseri. Niba unywa inzoga, gerageza kuba muri bimwe mu bipimo byateganijwe cyangwa ugerageze kubireka rwose niba ufite ibindi byago bya kanseri y’umwijima.

Kugira ibiro byiza binyuze mu myitozo ngororamubiri no mu mirire yuzuye bifasha mu kwirinda indwara y’umwijima y’amavuta. Ibanda ku kurya imbuto, imboga, n’ibinyampeke byuzuye mugihe ugabanya ibiryo byakorewe mu nganda n’isukari yongewemo.

Niba ufite hepatitis B cyangwa C, korana na muganga wawe kugira ngo uyivure hakoreshejwe imiti yo kurwanya virusi. Iyo miti ishobora kugabanya cyane ibyago byo kurwara kanseri ya kizunguzungu.

Kanseri ya kizunguzungu imenyekana ite?

Kumenya kanseri ya kizunguzungu bisanzwe bisaba ibizamini byinshi bifasha muganga wawe kubona icyo kiri mu kizunguzungu cyawe. Uburyo busanzwe butangira hakoreshejwe ibizamini by’amaraso n’ibizamini byo kubona ishusho kugira ngo habeho ishusho isobanutse.

Muganga wawe azatangira amakuru y’amaraso kugira ngo arebe imikorere y’umwijima wawe kandi arebe ibimenyetso by’indwara nka alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Kugira AFP nyinshi bishobora kugaragaza kanseri ya kizunguzungu, nubwo atari buri wese ufite kanseri ya kizunguzungu agira urwego rwinshi.

Ibizamini byo kubona ishusho nka CT scans, MRI, cyangwa ultrasound bifasha abaganga kubona ubunini, aho udukoko duherereye, n’umubare w’udukoko turi mu kizunguzungu cyawe. Ibyo bizamini nta bubabare bigira kandi bitanga amashusho arambuye y’imiterere y’umwijima wawe.

Rimwe na rimwe, biopsy y’umwijima irakenewe kugira ngo hamenyekane neza. Muri ubu buryo, muganga wawe akuraho igice gito cy’umwijima kugira ngo agisuzumare kuri mikoroskopi. Ibyo bitanga igisubizo cya nyuma cyane cyane ku kumenya niba utunyangingo twa kanseri turiho.

Mu bindi bihe, abaganga bashobora kumenya kanseri ya kizunguzungu bishingiye ku ishusho gusa, cyane cyane niba ufite cirrhosis kandi udukoko dufite ibimenyetso byihariye ku mashusho.

Ni iki kivura kanseri ya kizunguzungu?

Ubuvuzi bwa kanseri ya kizunguzungu biterwa n’ibintu byinshi, birimo ubunini n’aho udukoko duherereye, uko umwijima wawe ukora neza, n’ubuzima bwawe muri rusange. Itsinda ryawe ry’abaganga rizakorana nawe kugira ngo mugire gahunda y’ubuvuzi ihuye n’imimerere yawe.

Ubutabazi butanga amahirwe meza yo gukira iyo kanseri imenyekanye hakiri kare kandi itarakwirakwira hanze y’umwijima. Uburyo harimo gukuraho igice cy’umwijima wawe (partial hepatectomy) cyangwa, mu bindi bihe, kubyaza umwijima.

Kubera udukoko tudashobora gukurwaho n’ubutakazi, ubundi buryo bwo kuvura bushobora gufasha kugenzura kanseri no kunoza ubuzima:

• Ablation therapy irwanya utunyangingo twa kanseri ikoresheje ubushyuhe, ubukonje, cyangwa inzoga
• Embolization ibuza amaraso kugera ku dukoko
• Radiation therapy igana utunyangingo twa kanseri ikoresheje imirasire ifite imbaraga nyinshi
• Ubuvuzi bugenewe utunyangingo twa kanseri bugaba ku bintu byihariye by’utunyangingo twa kanseri
• Immunotherapy ifasha ubudahangarwa bwawe kurwanya kanseri
• Chemotherapy, nubwo idakoresha cyane kuri kanseri ya kizunguzungu

Bamwe bagira akamaro mu guhuza uburyo bwo kuvura. Urugero, ushobora kugira ablation therapy ikurikiwe n’imiti igenewe, cyangwa ubutabazi buhujwe na chemotherapy.

Ubuvuzi bwo kworoshya ibimenyetso bwibanda ku gucunga ibimenyetso no kunoza uburambe iyo ubuvuzi bwo gukiza budashoboka. Ubwo buvuzi bwihariye bushobora kunoza cyane ubuzima bwawe mu gihe cy’ubuvuzi.

Uko wakwitwara mu rugo ufite kanseri ya kizunguzungu

Kwita ku buzima bwawe mu rugo bigira uruhare runini muri gahunda yawe y’ubuvuzi muri rusange. Impinduka nto mu buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi zishobora kugufasha kumva neza no gushyigikira ubuvuzi bwawe.

Kurya neza biragira akamaro cyane iyo ufite kanseri ya kizunguzungu. Ibanda ku kubona poroteyine ihagije kugira ngo umubiri wawe ukomeze, kandi gerageza kurya ibiryo bike, byinshi niba wumva wuzuye vuba.

Komera amazi menshi ukoresheje amazi menshi umunsi wose. Irinde inzoga rwose, kuko ishobora kongera kwangiza umwijima wawe nubwo ari make.

Imikino yoroheje nko kugenda ishobora kugufasha kugumana imbaraga zawe n’ubushobozi bwawe. Tega amatwi umubiri wawe kandi uruhuke iyo ukeneye, ariko gerageza kuguma ukora uko bishoboka kose mu rwego rw’uburyohe bwawe.

Komeza ukureho ibimenyetso byawe n’impinduka ubonye. Iyo makuru afasha itsinda ryawe ry’abaganga guhindura gahunda yawe y’ubuvuzi uko bikenewe.

Uko wakwitegura gusura muganga wawe

Kwitunganya kugira ngo usure muganga wawe bigufasha gukoresha neza igihe cyanyu hamwe kandi bikwemerera kubona amakuru ukeneye. Gutegura gato bishobora gutuma ibyo bisura bigira akamaro kandi bikagabanya umunaniro.

Andika ibimenyetso byawe byose, harimo igihe byatangiye n’uko byahindutse uko igihe kigenda. Gabanya amakuru yerekeye urwego rw’ububabare, impinduka z’ubushake bwo kurya, n’izindi mpungenge wabonye.

Zana urutonde rwuzuye rw’imiti yose, ibintu byongera imbaraga, na vitamine ufata. Gabanya umubare n’uko ubifata kenshi, kuko ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kugira ingaruka ku kizunguzungu cyawe.

Tegura urutonde rw’ibibazo ushaka kubabaza muganga wawe. Ntukabe impungenge zo kubabaza ibibazo byinshi - itsinda ryawe ry’abaganga rishaka kugufasha gusobanukirwa uburwayi bwawe n’uburyo bwo kuvura.

Tekereza kuzana umuryango wawe cyangwa inshuti mu bisura byawe. Bashobora kugufasha kwibuka amakuru akomeye no gutanga inkunga mu gihe cy’ibiganiro bikomeye.

Icyo ugomba kumenya cyane kuri kanseri ya kizunguzungu

Kanseri ya kizunguzungu ni indwara ikomeye, ariko kuyisobanukirwa biguha ububasha bwo gufata ibyemezo byiza bijyanye n’ubuzima bwawe. Kumenya hakiri kare no kuvura byongera cyane ibyavuye, niyo mpamvu kwita ku bimenyetso n’ibyago bigira akamaro.

Ibuka ko kugira ibyago ntibisobanura ko uzabona kanseri ya kizunguzungu, kandi uburyo bwo kuvura bufite akamaro buhari. Itsinda ryawe ry’abaganga ni ryo soko ryiza ry’inama n’ubuvuzi buhuye n’imimerere yawe.

Ibanda ku cyo ushobora kugenzura - kugira ubuzima bwiza, gukurikiza gahunda yawe y’ubuvuzi, no kugumana umubano n’abajyanama bawe b’ubuzima. Urugendo rwa buri muntu rufite kanseri ya kizunguzungu ni rwihariye, kandi icyizere gikomeza kuba igice cy’ingenzi cyo gukira.

Ibibazo bikunze kubaho kuri kanseri ya kizunguzungu

Kanseri ya kizunguzungu ishobora gukira burundu?

Yego, kanseri ya kizunguzungu ishobora gukira, cyane cyane iyo imenyekanye hakiri kare kandi itarakwirakwira hanze y’umwijima. Ubutabazi butanga amahirwe meza yo gukira burundu, abantu benshi bakabaho ubuzima busanzwe nyuma yo kuvurwa neza. Nubwo mu bihe bikomeye, uburyo bwo kuvura bushobora kongera ubuzima cyane no kunoza ubuzima.

Kanseri ya kizunguzungu ikwirakwira vuba gute?

Kanseri ya kizunguzungu ikwirakwira mu buryo butandukanye bitewe n’ubwoko n’ibintu by’umuntu ku giti cye. Zimwe muri kanseri ya kizunguzungu ikura buhoro buhoro mu mezi cyangwa imyaka, mu gihe izindi zishobora gutera imbere vuba. Muganga wawe ashobora gusuzuma imimerere yawe kandi akagufasha gusobanukirwa icyo utegereje hashingiwe ku bisubizo byawe n’imiterere ya kanseri.

Kanseri ya kizunguzungu ibabaza?

Kanseri ya kizunguzungu ntiyahora itera ububabare, cyane cyane mu ntangiriro. Iyo ububabare buje, busanzwe bumvikana nk’ububabare buke cyangwa kudakorwa neza mu gice cy’iburyo hejuru cy’inda. Gucunga ububabare ni igice cy’ingenzi cyo kuvura, kandi itsinda ryawe ry’abaganga rishobora kugufasha kuguma utekanye mu gihe cy’ubuvuzi bwawe.

Ushobora kubaho ufite igice cy’umwijima wawe wakuweho?

Yego, ushobora kubaho neza ufite igice cy’umwijima wawe wakuweho kuko umwijima ufite ubushobozi bwo kwiyubaka. Nyuma y’ubutakazi, igice gisigaye cy’umwijima kizongera gukura mu mezi make. Abantu benshi bagaruka mu mirimo yabo ya buri munsi kandi bakabaho ubuzima buzuye nyuma yo gukuraho igice cy’umwijima.

Ni ibihe biryo nakwirinda mfite kanseri ya kizunguzungu?

Irinde inzoga rwose, kuko ishobora kongera kwangiza umwijima wawe. Gabanya ibiryo byakorewe mu nganda, umunyu mwinshi, n’ibiryo birimo amavuta menshi. Ibanda ku kurya poroteyine, imbuto, imboga, n’ibinyampeke byuzuye. Itsinda ryawe ry’ubuvuzi cyangwa umujyanama mu mirire ashobora gutanga inama y’imirire ihuye n’imimerere yawe n’uburyo bwawe bwo kuvura.