Ese ni Iffiri? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n'Ubuvuzi

Iffiri ni indwara yandura cyane iterwa na virusi ikwirakwira binyuze mu matembabuzi yo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero igihe umuntu urwaye akororotse cyangwa agaseseka. Iyi ndwara yo mu bwana ishobora kwibasira umuntu uwo ari we wese utarakingiwe cyangwa utarwaye mbere, ikaba itera ibibara bitukura n'ibimenyetso nk'iby'umurwayi wa grippe.

Nubwo iffiri yari hafi gushira mu bihugu byinshi kubera gahunda zo gukingira, ibyorezo bigikibaho mu muryango utarakingiwe bihagije. Inkuru nziza ni uko iffiri ishobora kwirindwa burundu hakoreshejwe inkingo, kandi abantu benshi barakira neza bafashijwe.

Ibimenyetso by'Iffiri ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso by'Iffiri bigaragara mu minsi 10 kugeza kuri 14 nyuma yo kwandura virusi. Iyi ndwara isanzwe itera mu byiciro bibiri bitandukanye, bituma biroroshye kuyibona uko igenda ikura.

Icyiciro cya mbere kimeze nk'umwijima ukabije cyangwa grippe. Ushobora kubona umuriro, izuru ritemba, inkorora yumye, n'amaso atukura, yuzuye amazi. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kumara iminsi 2 kugeza kuri 3 mbere y'uko ibibara biranga iyi ndwara bigaragara.

Dore ibimenyetso by'ingenzi ukwiye kwitondera mu cyiciro cya mbere:

• Umuriro mwinshi (akenshi urenze 40°C)
• Inkorora yumye idashira
• Izuru ritemba amazi meza
• Amaso atukura, yuzuye amazi, kandi ababara
• Uruguruka n'umunaniro
• Ibinini byera birimo ibice bitukura mu kanwa (bitwa ibibara bya Koplik)

Icyiciro cya kabiri kizana ibibara biranga iffiri. Ibi bibara bitukura, byuzuye ibice, bisanzwe bitangirira mu maso no mu gice cy'umusatsi, hanyuma bikwirakwira hasi bigera ku ijosi, igituza, amaboko, n'amaguru mu minsi mike.

Ibibara bisanzwe bigaragara nyuma y'iminsi 3 kugeza kuri 5 ibimenyetso bya mbere bitangiye. Uko ibibara bikwirakwira, umuriro wawe ushobora kuzamuka cyane, kandi ushobora kumva ubona nabi iminsi mike mbere yo gutangira kumva neza.

Ese ni iki giterwa na Iffiri?

Iffiri iterwa na virusi yitwa virusi y'Iffiri, ikaba iri mu muryango wa paramyxovirus. Iyi virusi irwandura cyane kandi ikwirakwira byoroshye kuva ku muntu ku wundi binyuze mu matembabuzi mato yo mu kirere.

Igihe umuntu arwaye iffiri akororotse, agaseseka, aganira, cyangwa se agakomeza guhumeka, arekura amatembabuzi arimo virusi mu kirere. Ushobora kwandura iffiri uhumeka ayo matembabuzi cyangwa ukora ku kintu cyanduye virusi hanyuma ukora ku kanwa, izuru, cyangwa amaso.

Iyi virusi irwandura cyane ku buryo umuntu umwe arwaye iffiri, abantu bagera kuri 9 muri 10 bamukikije bazayandura niba batarakingiwe. Virusi ishobora kuba mu kirere no ku bintu mu gihe kigera ku masaha 2 nyuma y'igihe umuntu urwaye yavuye aho hantu.

Abantu barwaye iffiri barandura cyane kuva iminsi 4 mbere y'uko ibibara bigaragara kugeza iminsi 4 nyuma y'uko bitangiye. Ibi bivuze ko ushobora gukwirakwiza virusi mbere y'uko uzi ko urwaye, ariyo mpamvu iffiri ishobora gukwirakwira vuba mu muryango.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera iffiri?

Ukwiye kuvugana na muganga wawe ako kanya niba ukeka ko ufite iffiri, cyane cyane niba wowe cyangwa umwana wawe afite umuriro mwinshi hamwe n'inkorora, izuru ritemba, n'amaso atukura. Kwitabaza muganga hakiri kare bituma hakorwa isuzuma rihamye kandi birinda gukwirakwiza iyi ndwara ku bandi.

Hamagara umuganga wawe ako kanya niba ubona ibi bimenyetso byo kuburira:

• Umuriro mwinshi (urenze 40°C) udashira nubwo ufashe imiti igabanya umuriro
• Gukomeretsa guhumeka cyangwa inkorora idashira
• Kubabara umutwe cyangwa ijosi bikabije
• Kubabara amatwi cyangwa ibintu bivuye mu matwi
• Ibimenyetso byo gukama nk'inyota ikabije, akanwa karibwa, cyangwa kunyara gake

Shaka ubuvuzi bwihuse ako kanya niba ugira ikibazo gikomeye cyo guhumeka, kubabara mu kifuba, gucika intekerezo, cyangwa gutakaza ubwenge. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kugaragaza ingaruka zikomeye zisaba ubuvuzi bwihuse.

Byongeye kandi, ni ingenzi guhamagara mbere yo kujya kwa muganga cyangwa mu bitaro. Ibi bituma abaganga bitegura uburyo bwo kwirinda no kurinda abarwayi bandi kwandura virusi.

Ibyago byo kwandura Iffiri ni ibihe?

Ibyago byo kwandura iffiri biterwa ahanini n'uburyo wakingiwe n'aho uhuriye na virusi. Abantu batarakingiwe cyangwa bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buke bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura.

Ibyago by'ingenzi birimo:

• Kutaringiwe iffiri
• Kugira ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buke kubera indwara cyangwa imiti
• Kujya mu turere hari ibyorezo by'Iffiri
• Kuvuka mbere ya 1957 (igihe gukingira bitari bisanzwe)
• Kuba mu muryango utarakingiwe bihagije
• Kugira ikibazo cyo kubura vitamine A

Abana bari munsi y'imyaka 5 n'abantu bakuru barengeje imyaka 20 bafite ibyago byinshi byo kugira ingaruka zikomeye za iffiri. Abagore batwite batarakingiwe nabo bafite ibyago byiyongereye, birimo kubyara imburagihe n'abana bafite ibiro bike.

Abakozi bo mu buvuzi n'abagenzi mpuzamahanga bagomba kwita cyane ku buryo bakingiwe, kuko bafite ibyago byinshi byo guhura na virusi mu kazi cyangwa mu ngendo zabo.

Ingaruka zishoboka za Iffiri ni izihe?

Nubwo abantu benshi bakira iffiri batagize ibibazo birambye, ingaruka zishobora kubaho, cyane cyane mu bana bato cyane, abantu bakuru, n'abafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buke. Gusobanukirwa ibyo bishoboka bigufasha kumenya igihe ukwiye gushaka ubuvuzi bundi.

Ingaruka zisanzwe zishobora kubaho zirimo:

• Indwara z'amatwi zishobora gutera ubumuga bwo kumva
• Pneumonia (indwara y'ibihaha)
• Impiswi ikomeye no gukama
• Indwara ziterwa na bagiteri
• Ibibazo by'ubuhumekero by'igihe gito

Ingaruka zikomeye ariko zidafata benshi zishobora kugira ingaruka ku bwonko n'imikorere y'imiterere y'umubiri. Encephalitis, ariyo kubabara kw'ubwonko, ibaho mu gihe kimwe cya 1000 cy'abarwaye iffiri kandi ishobora gutera gutakaza ubwenge, kwangirika kw'ubwonko, cyangwa se urupfu.

Indwara idasanzwe ariko ikomeye cyane yitwa subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) ishobora kuba nyuma y'imyaka myinshi umuntu arwaye iffiri. Iyi ndwara y'ubwonko itera gahoro gahoro igira ingaruka ku bantu bagera kuri 1 muri 10.000 barwaye iffiri, cyane cyane abanduye mbere y'imyaka 2.

Abagore batwite banduye iffiri bafite ibyago byo kubyara imburagihe, abana bafite ibiro bike, kandi mu bihe bikomeye, urupfu rw'umubyeyi. Inkuru nziza ni uko gukingira neza mbere yo gutwita birinda izi ngaruka burundu.

Iffiri ishobora kwirindwa gute?

Iffiri ishobora kwirindwa burundu hakoreshejwe inkingo ya MMR (iffiri, mumps, rubella). Iyi nkingo ikora neza kandi ikaba ifite umutekano, itanga uburinzi burambye kuri iffiri kandi yagabanije cyane ubwandu ku isi hose.

Gahunda isanzwe yo gukingira irimo inkingo ebyiri za MMR. Abana basanzwe bahabwa doze ya mbere hagati y'amezi 12-15, na doze ya kabiri hagati y'imyaka 4-6. Iyi gahunda y'inkingo ebyiri itanga uburinzi bwa 97% kuri iffiri.

Abantu bakuru bataramenya uburyo bakingiwe bagomba gutekereza ku gukingirwa, cyane cyane niba bateganya kujya mu mahanga cyangwa gukora mu buvuzi. Abantu bakuru benshi bavutse mbere ya 1957 bafatwa nk'abakingiwe kuko bishoboka ko barwaye iffiri bakiri bato.

Niba uhuriye na iffiri kandi utarakingiwe, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gukingirwa nyuma yo kwandura cyangwa guhabwa inshinge za immune globulin mu gihe cy'amasaha 72 nyuma yo kwandura. Ibi bikorwa rimwe na rimwe bishobora kwirinda indwara cyangwa kugabanya uburemere bwayo.

Iffiri imenyekanwa ite?

Abaganga bashobora kumenya iffiri hakurikijwe ibimenyetso n'uburyo ibibara bigaragara, ariko ibizamini bya laboratoire bifasha kwemeza isuzuma no gukurikirana ibyorezo. Umuganga wawe azakusuzuma neza kandi azakubaza ibibazo ku bimenyetso byawe, uburyo wakingiwe, n'ingendo za vuba.

Ibibara biranga iffiri bitangirira mu maso bikwirakwira hasi, bifatanije n'umuriro n'ibimenyetso byo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero, bigira uburyo bworoshye kumenya. Umuganga wawe azareba kandi ibibara bya Koplik, aribyo ibinini byera biri mu kanwa bigaragara mbere y'ibibara.

Ibizamini by'amaraso bishobora kwemeza iffiri harebwa antikorps cyangwa virusi ubwayo. Umuganga wawe ashobora kandi gufata ibipimo byo mu muhogo cyangwa mu mpiswi kugira ngo amenye virusi. Ibi bizamini ni ingenzi cyane mu gukurikirana ubuzima bw'abaturage no kugenzura ibyorezo.

Kuko iffiri ari indwara imenyekana, muganga wawe azamenyesha abayobozi b'ubuzima bw'akarere niba uhamye ko uyirwaye. Ibi bifasha kurinda umuryango wawe hamenyekana abantu bashobora kuba barahuriye na virusi kandi bagakingirwa.

Ubuvuzi bwa Iffiri ni buhe?

Nta buvuzi bw'imiti buhari kuri iffiri, bityo ubuvuzi bugamije gufasha umubiri wawe kurwanya iyi ndwara mu gihe ugenzura ibimenyetso kandi ukirinda ingaruka. Abantu benshi barakira neza bafashijwe mu rugo.

Uburyo bwawe bw'ubuvuzi buzasobanura kuruhuka bihagije no kunywa amazi menshi kugira ngo umubiri wawe ukire. Acetaminophen cyangwa ibuprofen bishobora kugabanya umuriro no kugabanya ububabare, ariko ntugahe umwana aspirin mu gihe afite indwara iterwa na virusi kubera ibyago bya Reye's syndrome.

Ibyuzuzo bya vitamine A bishobora gusabwa, cyane cyane ku bana, kuko bishobora kugabanya uburemere bwa iffiri no kugabanya ibyago by'ingaruka. Umuganga wawe azagena umwanya ukwiye hakurikijwe imyaka yawe n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange.

Niba ingaruka zibayeho, muganga wawe ashobora kwandika imiti ya antibiyotike ku ndwara ziterwa na bagiteri cyangwa gusaba kujya mu bitaro mu gihe cy'ibibazo bikomeye. Abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buke bashobora guhabwa imiti ya antiviral cyangwa imiti ya immune globulin.

Uko wakwitwara mu rugo ufite Iffiri

Kwita mu rugo bigamije kugutera amahoro mu gihe ubudahangarwa bwawe burwanya virusi. Kuruhuka ni ingenzi, bityo uteganya kutajya ku kazi cyangwa ku ishuri kugeza igihe utakiri umwandura, bisanzwe ari iminsi 4 nyuma y'uko ibibara bigaragara.

Komeza kunywa amazi menshi, amasupu meza, cyangwa ibinyobwa byuzuye imyunyu y'amashu. Umuriro wiyongera ku bwinshi bw'amazi ukeneye, bityo unywe kurusha igihe usanzwe utabona inyota. Irinde inzoga na kafeyin, bishobora gutera gukama.

Dore uburyo bwo guhumurizwa ushobora kugerageza mu rugo:

• Koresha humidifier kugira ngo ugabanye inkorora n'ububabare mu mazuru
• Komereza amatara niba amaso yawe ababara
• Koga amazi ashyushye kugira ngo ugabanye ububabare bw'uruhu
• Funga ibiryo byoroshye, bifite intungamubiri niba ufite ubushake buke bwo kurya
• Koresha thermometer buri gihe kugira ngo ugenzure umuriro wawe

Kwivuza ni ingenzi kugira ngo wirinda gukwirakwiza iffiri ku bandi. Irinde abantu batarakingiwe, cyane cyane abagore batwite, abana bato, n'abafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buke, kugeza igihe muganga wawe avuze ko byizewe.

Uko wakwitegura kujya kwa muganga

Mbere yo kujya kwa muganga, andika ibimenyetso byawe, harimo igihe byatangiye n'uko byagiye bikura. Aya makuru afasha muganga wawe gusobanukirwa igihe cy'indwara yawe no gukora isuzuma rihamye.

Kora urutonde rw'imiti ukoresha, harimo imiti yo mu maduka n'ibindi byuzuzo. Bandika kandi ingendo za vuba, cyane cyane mu turere hari ibyorezo bya iffiri, kuko aya makuru ni ingenzi mu gukora isuzuma.

Hamagara mbere yo kubona umwanya kugira ngo umenyeshe ibiro ko ukeka ko ufite iffiri. Ibi bizatuma bashobora gutegura umwanya wawe ukurikije uko bikwiye no gufata ingamba zo kurinda abarwayi bandi kwandura virusi.

Icyingenzi cyo kumenya kuri Iffiri

Iffiri ni indwara ikomeye ariko ishobora kwirindwa burundu hakoreshejwe inkingo. Nubwo abantu benshi barakira neza, ingaruka zishobora kuba zikomeye, cyane cyane mu bana bato, abantu bakuru, n'abafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buke.

Inkingo ya MMR ikora neza, ifite umutekano, kandi itanga uburinzi burambye kuri iffiri. Niba utaramenya uburyo wakingiwe, vugana na muganga wawe ku bijyanye no gukingirwa, cyane cyane niba uteganya kujya mu ngendo cyangwa gukora mu kazi gafite ibyago byinshi.

Niba ukeka ko ufite iffiri, shaka ubuvuzi bwihuse kandi wivure kugira ngo wirinda gukwirakwiza virusi ku bandi. Hamwe no kwitabwaho neza, abantu benshi barakira neza mu cyumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri batagize ingaruka zirambye.

Ibibazo byakunda kubaho kuri Iffiri

Wajya urwara Iffiri kabiri?

Kurwara iffiri rimwe bisanzwe bitanga ubudahangarwa bw'ubuzima bwose, bityo kwandura kabiri bidafata benshi. Ariko kandi, abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buke cyane bashobora kuba bafite ibyago byo kwandura kabiri. Niba warwaye iffiri mbere ukabona ibimenyetso nk'ibyo, reba muganga wawe kugira ngo uhagarike izindi ndwara.

Iffiri imara igihe kingana iki?

Iffiri isanzwe imara iminsi 7-10 kuva ibimenyetso bitangiye. Ibibara bisanzwe bigaragara nyuma y'iminsi 3-5 ibimenyetso bya mbere bitangiye kandi bikagenda nyuma y'iminsi 3-4. Ufatwa nk'umwandura kuva iminsi 4 mbere y'uko ibibara bigaragara kugeza iminsi 4 nyuma y'uko bitangiye.

Inkingo ya iffiri ifite umutekano mu gihe cyo gutwita?

Inkingo ya MMR irimo virusi nzima kandi ntigomba guhabwa mu gihe cyo gutwita. Ariko kandi, abagore batarakingiwe bagomba gukingirwa mbere yo gutwita. Niba utwite kandi utarakingiwe, irinda kwandura iffiri kandi uvugane na muganga wawe ku ngamba zo kwirinda.

Abantu bakuru bashobora kwandura iffiri niba bakingiwe bakiri bato?

Abantu bakuru bahawe inkingo ebyiri za MMR bafite uburinzi bwa 97% kuri iffiri. Ariko kandi, ubudahangarwa bushobora kugabanuka uko igihe kigenda, kandi bamwe bashobora kuba batarahawe inkingo ebyiri zikenewe. Niba utaramenya uburyo wakingiwe, muganga wawe ashobora gupima ubudahangarwa bwawe.

Ndagomba gukora iki niba umwana wanjye yahuriye na Iffiri?

Hamagara muganga wawe ako kanya niba umwana wawe uri munsi y'amezi 12 yahuriye na iffiri. Abana bato cyane ntabwo bakwiye guhabwa inkingo ya MMR kandi bafite ibyago byinshi byo kugira ingaruka. Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba guhabwa inshinge za immune globulin kugira ngo utangire uburinzi bw'igihe gito.