Melanoma ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, & Ubuvuzi

Melanoma ni ubwoko bwa kanseri y'uruhu itera iyo melanocytes, uturemangingo dukora ibara mu ruhu rwawe, twakuriye nabi tukaba kanseri. Nubwo idakunze kugaragara nk'izindi kanseri z'uruhu, melanoma ikomeye kuko ishobora gukwirakwira mu bindi bice by'umubiri wawe niba itabonetse hakiri kare.

Inkuru nziza ni uko iyo melanoma iboneka mu ntangiriro, ivurwa neza kandi igipimo cyo gukira kiba cyiza. Gusobanukirwa ibyo ukwiye kwitondera no gufata ingamba zo kwirinda bishobora gutuma ubungabunga ubuzima bwawe.

Melanoma ni iki?

Melanoma itangira muri melanocytes, ari yo turemangingo dukora melanin, ibara riha uruhu rwawe ibara. Aya turemangingo ashobora kuboneka mu ruhu rwawe hose, ariko melanoma ikunze kugaragara mu bice byagaragaye izuba.

Bitandukanye n'izindi kanseri z'uruhu zisigaye ahantu hamwe, melanoma ifite ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwira mu mizi y'amaraso no mu maraso ajya mu zindi ngingo. Ibi bituma kubona hakiri kare no kuvura ari ingenzi kugira ngo umusaruro ube mwiza.

Melanoma ishobora guturuka kuri mole isanzwe cyangwa ikagaragara nk'agace gashya ku ruhu rwawe. Ishobora kuba ahantu hose ku mubiri wawe, harimo n'ahantu hatagira izuba ryinshi nko ku birenge, mu kuboko, cyangwa munsi y'imisumari.

Ibimenyetso bya melanoma ni ibihe?

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kwitondera ni impinduka iyo ari yo yose ku ruhu rwawe, cyane cyane kuri mole zisanzwe cyangwa ibice bishya bigaragara. Umubiri wawe uhorahora uguhera ibimenyetso, kandi kwita kuri izi mpinduka bishobora gufasha kubona melanoma hakiri kare iyo ivurwa neza.

Amategeko ya ABCDE ni uburyo bwiza bwo kwibuka impinduka ukwiye kwitondera:

• Ukutabangikana: Igice kimwe cy’agacupa ntikimeranye n’igice kimwe
• Umutaru utari uburyo: Imiraba itabangikanye, ifite ibibuno, cyangwa idafite imiterere
• Ihinduka ry’irangi: Ibara ntirihuje kandi rishobora kuba rifite ibara ry’umukara, umukara, umutuku, umweru, cyangwa ubururu
• Ubunini: Agacupa kararebire kuri milimeteri 6 (hafi ingano y’umufuka wa karatasi)
• Guhinduka: Agacupa karahinduka mu bunini, ishusho, ibara, cyangwa uburyo

Uretse ibimenyetso bya ABCDE, ushobora kubona ibindi bimenyetso bikwiye kwitabwaho. Agacupa kaba gafite iseseme, kibabaza, cyangwa kibabaza gishobora kuba kigira ikibazo. Rimwe na rimwe, melanoma iratera amaraso, ikavaho, cyangwa ikagira uruhu rwo hejuru.

Mu bihe bitoroshye, melanoma ishobora kuvuka ahantu utatekereza. Munsi y’imisumari y’intoki cyangwa amaguru, ishobora kugaragara nk’umukara. Ku kuboko cyangwa ibirenge, ishobora kugaragara nk’agacupa k’umukara kadashira.

Bamwe mu bantu bagira ibyo bita melanoma amelanotic, idafite ibara ry’umukara risanzwe. Ibi bibazo bishobora kugaragara nk’umutuku, umutuku, cyangwa ibara ry’umubiri, bigatuma bigorana kubimenya nk’ibimenyetso bya melanoma.

Ni iyihe mimerere ya melanoma?

Hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwa melanoma, buri bwoko bufite ibimenyetso byihariye. Gusobanukirwa ibyo bitandukanye bishobora kugufasha kumenya icyo ugomba kwitondera n’icyo muganga wawe ashobora kuba asuzuma.

Melanoma ikwirakwira hejuru ni yo mimerere isanzwe, igize hafi 70% ya melanoma yose. Isanzwe itangira nk’agace gahumanye gahumanye cyangwa gato gahumanye gakura buhoro buhoro ku ruhu mbere yo kwinjira mu mbere.

Melanoma nodular igaragara nk’umutwe ugaragara cyangwa nodule kandi ikura vuba kurusha izindi mimerere. Ikunze kugaragara nk’ubukonje buhagaze, bufite ishusho y’igitereko gishobora kuba umukara, ubururu, cyangwa umutuku.

Lentigo maligna melanoma isanzwe itera mu bakuze ku ruhu rwangirijwe n’izuba, cyane cyane mu maso, mu ijosi, cyangwa mu maboko. Akenshi itangira nk’agace kanini, kagurumye, k’umutuku gahoro gahoro kagakura mu mezi cyangwa imyaka.

Melanoma ya acral lentiginous ni nke ariko ikaba ikomeye cyane kumenya kuko igira ingaruka ku bice bitagira izuba rihagije. Ubwo bwoko bugaragara mu kuboko, mu birenge, cyangwa munsi y’imisumari kandi bugenda bugaragara cyane mu bantu bafite uruhu rw’umukara.

Hariho kandi ubwoko buke nk’amelanotic melanoma, itagira ibara kandi ikaba igaragara y’umutuku cyangwa umweru, na desmoplastic melanoma, ishobora kumera nk’agakomere kandi ikunze kuba mu bice byangijwe n’izuba by’abakuze.

Ese melanoma iterwa n’iki?

Melanoma itera iyo habaye ikibazo cya ADN muri melanocytes, bituma ikura kandi igabanyuka mu buryo budakozwe. Nubwo impamvu nyamukuru idasobanuka buri gihe, abashakashatsi bamenye ibintu byinshi bigira uruhare muri icyo kibazo cya ADN.

Umuvuduko wa ultraviolet uva ku izuba ni wo utera melanoma. Ama rayons ya UVA na UVB yombi arashobora kwangiza ADN mu mitsi y’uruhu rwawe, kandi ubwo kwangiza bishobora kwiyongera uko iminsi igenda ishira. Kwibasirwa n’izuba rikomeye, rimwe na rimwe bigatuma umuntu ashyushye, bigaragara ko ari bibi cyane.

Inkomoko ya UV y’imiti nk’ibyuma byo kwisiga izuba byongera cyane ibyago byo kurwara melanoma. Umuvuduko wa UV ukomoka kuri ibyo bikoresho ushobora gutera ubwo bwoko bw’ibibazo bya ADN nk’izuba risanzwe, ariko akenshi bikaba bikomeye kurushaho.

Uko utunganye kwawe muri gene na byo bigira uruhare. Bamwe mu bantu baragwa imvururu za gene zibatera kwibasirwa na melanoma iyo bahuye n’izuba. Kugira ibinini byinshi, cyane cyane ibinini bidasanzwe cyangwa bya dysplastic, bishobora kongera ibyago byawe.

Uruhu rukeye rworoshye kwaka ni ikindi kintu cyongera ibyago kuko rugira melanin mike irinda. Ariko kandi, abantu bafite uruhu rw’umukara baracyashobora kurwara melanoma, cyane cyane mu bice nk’amaboko, ibirenge, n’imsumari aho izuba ritari ryo kintu nyamukuru.

Amateka y’indwara ya kanseri y’uruhu, harimo kanseri y’uruhu ya melanoma n’itayirimo,yongera ibyago byo kurwara izindi kanseri z’uruhu. Ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri butameze neza, haba kubera indwara cyangwa imiti, bishobora kandi kukugiraho ingaruka.

Ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera impungenge za melanoma?

Wagomba kujya kwa muganga niba ubona ikintu gishya cyose ku ruhu rwawe cyangwa impinduka ku dusebe twawe dusanzwe. Kumenya hakiri kare ni cyo kintu cyiza cyane cyo kurinda melanoma, kandi abaganga batozwa kumenya ibimenyetso bishobora kuba bitagaragara kuri wowe.

Ntugatege amatwi niba ubona ibimenyetso by’uburyo bwa ABCDE mu dusebe cyangwa ikintu cyose. Nubwo utazi neza niba hari ikintu kigaragara nk’ikibazo, bihora ari byiza kubimenyesha umuhanga ushobora kubisuzuma neza.

Tegura gahunda yo kujya kwa muganga niba ufite ikintu kigaragara kitandukanye n’utundi dusebe twawe, rimwe na rimwe bita ikimenyetso cya “ikirura kibi”. Isebe rigaragara ritandukanye n’utundi dusebe twawe rikeneye ubuvuzi.

Shaka ubuvuzi vuba niba ufite isebe ritemba amaraso, rihinda umuriro cyangwa rikaba ruribwa. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kugaragaza impinduka zikeneye isuzuma ry’umwuga.

Niba ufite ibyago nk’amateka y’umuryango wa melanoma, utusebe twinshi, cyangwa kanseri y’uruhu yabanje, tekereza ku isuzuma ry’uruhu buri gihe n’umuganga w’uruhu nubwo utarabona impinduka runaka. Bashobora gushyiraho urwego rw’ibanze no gukurikirana uruhu rwawe mu gihe.

Kubera impungenge zihutirwa nko guhinduka kw’ikintu cyihuse cyangwa ikintu gitemba amaraso cyane, ntutinye gushaka ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa. Amahoro yawe n’ubuzima byawe ni byo byiza kurushaho.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago bya melanoma?

Kumva ibyago byawe bishobora kugufasha gufata ingamba zikwiye zo kwirinda no kuba maso ku mpinduka z’uruhu. Hari ibyago bimwe na bimwe ushobora kuyobora, mu gihe ibindi ari ibintu byawe bwite cyangwa amateka y’umuryango.

Dore ibyago by’ingenzi byongera ibyago byo kurwara melanoma:

• Uruhu rwera, umusatsi mucyeya, n’amaso meza: Melanin nke bivuze ko hari uburinzi buke bw’umwanya wa UV
• Amateka y’ibikomere by’izuba: Cyane cyane ibikomere bikomeye cyangwa ibyabaye mu bwana
• Kwiyerekana cyane ku zuba: Gukora igihe kirekire no gukora igihe gito ariko cyane
• Gukoresha ibitanda byo kwishima: Ikoreshwa ryose ry’imirasire ya UV y’imiti yongerera ibyago
• Ibisigo byinshi: Kugira ibisigo birenga 50 cyangwa kugira ibisigo bidasanzwe
• Amateka y’umuryango: Kugira abavandimwe barwaye melanoma cyangwa kanseri y’uruhu
• Amateka bwite: Melanoma yabanje cyangwa kanseri y’uruhu
• Imyaka: Ibyago byiyongera uko umuntu akura, nubwo melanoma ishobora kubaho mu myaka yose
• Ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri butabaye bwiza: Kubera imiti, uburwayi, cyangwa kubera gutera ingingo

Bamwe mu bantu bagira uburwayi bwa gene butasanzwe bukongera cyane ibyago byo kurwara melanoma. Ibi birimo xeroderma pigmentosum, bituma uruhu rworoherwa cyane n’imirasire ya UV, na familial atypical multiple mole melanoma syndrome.

Kuba mu turere turi hejuru cyangwa mu bihugu byinshi by’izuba bishobora kongera kwiyerekana ku mirasire ya UV. Ndetse n’ibintu nk’uko kugira ibishishwa cyangwa kudashaka kwishima bishobora kwerekana ko hari ubushobozi bwinshi bwo kwangirika n’imirasire ya UV.

Ni iki gishobora kuba ingaruka za melanoma?

Iyo ifashwe hakiri kare, melanoma ivurwa neza kandi ikagira ingaruka nziza. Ariko rero, gusobanukirwa ingaruka zishoboka bigufasha gusobanukirwa impamvu kuvumbura hakiri kare no kuvura neza ari ingenzi cyane ku buzima bwawe bw’igihe kirekire.

Ingaruka zikomeye cyane zibaho iyo melanoma ikwirakwira uvuye aho yari iherereye. Uyu muhora, witwa metastasis, ushobora kubaho binyuze mu mikaya yawe cyangwa mu maraso, bituma selile za kanseri zigera ku ngingo zitandukanye.

Ahantu asanzwe melanoma ishobora gukwirakwira harimo:

• Udusebe tw'impyiko: Akenshi niho melanoma ikwirakwira bwa mbere, ikunze kujya mu misebe iri hafi y'umwimerere w'igisebe
• Ibihaha: Bishobora gutera ibibazo byo guhumeka, inkorora idashira, cyangwa ububabare mu kifuba
• Umwijima: Bishobora gutera ububabare mu nda, isereri, cyangwa impinduka mu mikorere y'umwijima
• Ubwonko: Bishobora gutera umutwe, gutakaza ubwenge, cyangwa ibimenyetso by'indwara z'ubwonko
• Amagufa: Bishobora gutera ububabare, kuvunika, cyangwa ibindi bibazo bijyanye n'amagufa
• Uduce tw'uruhu rundi: Ibimenyetso bishya bya melanoma bishobora kugaragara kure y'aho byatangiriye

Ingaruka ziterwa n'ubuvuzi nazo zishobora kubaho, nubwo zitandukanye bitewe n'ubuvuzi uhabwa. Kubaga bishobora gusiga inenge cyangwa, mu bihe bikomeye, bisaba gushimangira uruhu cyangwa kuvugurura imiterere yacyo.

Ingaruka zo mu mutwe ntizikwiye kwirengagizwa. Kugira melanoma bishobora gutera imihangayiko, kwiheba, cyangwa gutinya ejo hazaza. Abantu benshi basanga amatsinda y'ubufasha cyangwa inama zibafasha guhangana n'iyi myumvire.

Mu bihe bitoroshye, abantu barwara melanoma nyamukuru nyinshi, bisobanura ko melanoma nshya, zitajyanye, zigaragara uko igihe gihita. Niyo mpamvu gukurikirana no kurinda uruhu bikomeza kuba ingenzi na nyuma yo kuvurwa neza.

Melanoma irashobora kwirindwa gute?

Melanoma nyinshi irashobora kwirindwa binyuze mu myitwarire myiza yo kwirinda izuba no gusuzuma uruhu buri gihe. Ikintu nyamukuru ni ukwirinda imirasire ya UV mugihe uzirikana impinduka ziba mu ruhu rwawe uko igihe gihita.

Kwiringira izuba ni ishingiro ryo kwirinda melanoma. Koresha amavuta yo kwisiga yo kwirinda izuba ifite byibuze SPF 30 buri munsi, atari mu gihe cyo kugenda ku mucanga gusa. Ishike neza kandi usubire kuyisiga buri masaha abiri cyangwa nyuma yo koga cyangwa kwishima.

Shaka igicucu mu masaha y’izuba rikomeye, ahanini hagati ya saa kumi za mugitondo na saa yine z’igicamunsi. Iyo uri hanze, yambara imyenda ikurinda izuba irimo ingofero zifite imitwe minini, amashati maremare, n’izuba rikinga imirasire ya UV.

Kwirinda burundu amabati yo kwishima. Nta gipimo cy’izuba ry’imiti rifatwa nk’ikintu cyiza, kandi ibyago bya melanoma byiyongera cyane iyo ukoresha amabati yo kwishima, cyane cyane iyo utangiye ukiri muto.

Suzuma uruhu rwawe buri kwezi. Menya neza ibyo utunzwe n’ibishushanyo kugira ngo ubona impinduka. Koresha urushundura cyangwa usabe umufasha kugira ngo akurebe ahantu utashobora kubona neza.

Tegereza isuzuma ry’uruhu na muganga, cyane cyane niba ufite ibyago nk’uruhu rwera, utunzwe twinshi, cyangwa amateka y’umuryango wa kanseri y’uruhu. Umuhanga mu kuvura indwara z’uruhu ashobora kugutegurira gahunda y’isuzuma ibereye ibyago byawe.

Kurinda uruhu rw’abana neza kuko izuba ry’ubwana n’ibikomere byiyongera cyane ibyago bya melanoma nyuma yaho. Uruhu rw’abana rworoshye, kandi imyifatire myiza yo kwirinda izuba ishingiwe hakiri kare ishobora kumara ubuzima bwose.

Melanoma imenyeshwa gute?

Kumenya melanoma bisanzwe bitangira harebwa uruhu na muganga. Azareba aho bibangamiye kandi azasuzume uruhu rwawe rwose kugira ngo arebe utundi turere bikekwa.

Niba hari ikintu kigaragara nk’ikintu giteye impungenge, muganga wawe ashobora gukora biopsie. Ibi bisobanura gukuraho igice cyose cyangwa igice cy’umubiri ukekwa kugira ngo gisuzumwe muri mikoroskopi n’inzobere yitwa umuhanga mu buvuzi.

Hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwa biopsies bitewe n’ingano n’aho ibintu biri. Biopsie yo gukuraho ikuraho ibintu byose hamwe n’urugero ruto rw’uruhu rusanzwe. Biopsie ya punch ikoresha igikoresho cy’umugongo kugira ngo ikureho igice gito kandi kirekire cy’umubiri.

Umuhanga mu buvuzi bw’indwara z’uruhu arapimisha igice cy’umubiri kugira ngo amenye niba hariho utunyangingo twa kanseri, kandi niba aribyo, akamenya ubwoko bwa melanoma. Nanone apima uburebure bwa melanoma yakuze, bikaba byitwa uburebure bwa Breslow kandi bifasha mu kumenya icyiciro.

Niba melanoma yemewe, bishobora kuba ngombwa gukora ibizamini by’inyongera kugira ngo hamenyekane niba yaramaze gukwirakwira. Ibi bishobora kuba harimo ibizamini by’amashusho nka CT scan, MRI, cyangwa PET scan, bitewe n’imiterere ya melanoma yawe.

Muganga wawe ashobora kandi kugenzura imiyoboro ya lymph iri hafi, haba abayikoraho mu gihe cy’isuzuma cyangwa binyuze mu buryo bwitwa sentinel lymph node biopsy. Ibi bifasha kumenya niba kanseri yatangiye gukwirakwira uvuye aho yari iri.

Uburyo bumwe bugezweho nka dermoscopy bufasha abaganga gusuzuma ibikomere by’uruhu bifashishije ibikoresho byongera ibintu no kumurika kw’umwihariko. Ariko, kubaga ni bwo buryo bwonyine bwemeza burundu uburwayi bwa melanoma.

Ubuvuzi bwa melanoma ni iki?

Ubuvuzi bwa melanoma biterwa n’ibintu byinshi birimo icyiciro, aho kiri, n’ubuzima bwawe muri rusange. Inkuru nziza ni uko hari ubuvuzi bwiza kandi bwiza, kandi ibyavuye muri rusange biba byiza iyo melanoma ifashwe hakiri kare.

Kubaga ni bwo buvuzi bw’ibanze bwa melanoma nyinshi. Kuri melanoma yo mu cyiciro cya mbere, kubaga ukuraho igice kinini cy’umubiri hafi yacyo bikuraho uburibwe hamwe n’igice cy’umubiri muzima kiri hafi yacyo. Ibi bifasha kwemeza ko utunyangingo twose twa kanseri twakuweho.

Ubunini bw’igice cyakuweho biterwa n’uburebure bwa melanoma. Melanoma yoroheje isaba igice gito cyakuweho, mu gihe ibinini bisaba igice kinini kugira ngo hagaruke ibyago byo gusiga utunyangingo twa kanseri.

Kuri melanoma ishobora kuba yarageze mu miyoboro ya lymph iri hafi, umuganga wawe ashobora kugutegurira sentinel lymph node biopsy. Ubu buryo bumenya kandi bukuraho imiyoboro ya lymph ya mbere ikuraho ahari melanoma.

Uburwayi bwa melanoma bumaze gutera imbere bushobora gusaba ubundi buryo bwo kuvura uretse kubagwa. Ubuvuzi bwongerera ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bufasha ubudahangarwa bwawe kumenya no kurwanya utunyangingo twa kanseri. Ibi bitonyanga byateje imbere cyane ibyavuye mu kuvura abarwaye melanoma ikomeye.

Ubuvuzi bugamije kugenza neza ibintu byihariye ikoresha imiti itera ibinyabutabire byihariye byo mu mubiri biboneka muri melanoma zimwe na zimwe. Niba melanoma yawe ifite ibinyabutabire bimwe na bimwe nka BRAF cyangwa MEK, iyi miti igamije kugenza neza ishobora kugira akamaro cyane.

Ubuvuzi bwo kurasa imirasire bushobora kugira inama mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, nko nyuma yo kubagwa kugira ngo hagaruke ibyago byo kugaruka cyangwa kuvura melanoma imaze gukwirakwira mu bindi bice.

Igeragezwa rya muganga ritanga uburyo bwo kubona ubuvuzi bushya butaraboneka cyane. Umuganga wawe ushinzwe kanseri ashobora kugufasha kumenya niba kwitabira igeragezwa rishobora kugufitiye akamaro mu mimerere yawe yihariye.

Nigute wakwita kuri melanoma iwanyu mu gihe cyo kuvurwa?

Mu gihe ubuvuzi bwa muganga ari ingenzi, hari byinshi ushobora gukora iwanyu kugira ngo ushyigikire gukira kwawe n'imibereho yawe muri rusange mu gihe cyo kuvura melanoma. Kugira uruhare mu kuvurwa kwawe bishobora kugufasha kumva ufite ubushobozi bwinshi kandi bishobora kunoza ibyavuye.

Nyuma yo kubagwa, komeza amabwiriza y'umuganga wawe yo kwita ku kibonda. Komereza ahantu habagwe hakeye kandi humye, hindura imyenda nk’uko byategetswe, kandi urebe ibimenyetso by’indwara nko gutukura cyane, ubushyuhe, cyangwa amazi.

Kingira uruhu rwawe kurusha ikindi gihe. Koresha amavuta yo kwirinda izuba buri munsi, bambara imyenda ikurinda izuba, kandi wirinde amasaha y'izuba ryinshi. Uruhu rwawe rushobora kuba rwumva cyane mu gihe cyo kuvurwa, bituma kurinda izuba biba ingenzi kurushaho.

Mugumane imibereho myiza kugira ngo ushyigikire ubudahangarwa bwawe. Funga indyo yuzuye yuzuye imbuto na imboga, umara amazi ahagije, kandi uryama bihagije. Ibi bintu by'ibanze bifasha umubiri wawe gukira no guhangana no kuvurwa.

Komera umubiri wawe uko imbaraga zawe zibikwemerera. Imikino yoroheje nko kugenda bishobora kugabanya umunaniro, bikongera ibyishimo, kandi bikarinda imbaraga mu gihe cyo kuvurwa. Itegurana n’abaganga bawe buri gihe ku bijyanye n’ibikorwa bikwiye.

Jya ugenzura uruhu rwawe buri gihe kandi ubwira abaganga bawe vuba ubonye ikintu gishya cyangwa cyahindutse. Jya ukoresha agatabo ko kwandika ibijyanye n’uruhu cyangwa ufate amafoto kugira ngo ukomeze ukurebe impinduka zibaho.

Genda uhagurukira ingaruka mbi. Niba ufashe imiti yo kuvura indwara zifata umubiri wose cyangwa izindi miti, korana n’abaganga bawe kugira ngo muganire ku ngaruka mbi nko kunanirwa, guhinduka kw’uruhu, cyangwa ibibazo byo mu gifu.

Tekereza kujya mu matsinda y’abantu bafite ibibazo bimwe, cyangwa kuvugana n’abandi barwaye melanoma. Gusangira uburambe n’uburyo bwo guhangana bishobora gutanga umusaruro mu byiyumvo no kugira inama mu rugendo rwawe.

Wategura gute inama y’umuganga wawe?

Gutegura inama yawe bifasha kugira ngo ubone ibyiza byinshi mu gihe cyawe n’umuganga wawe. Kwitonda no kumenya ibintu bizatuma ibiganiro byanyu biba byiza ku bibazo byanyu n’uburyo bwo kuvurwa.

Andika ibibazo byawe byose mbere y’inama. Harimo ibibazo ku bimenyetso, uburyo bwo kuvurwa, ingaruka mbi, n’icyo witeze. Ntukabe umuntu w’ibibazo byinshi – itsinda ry’abaganga bawe rishaka kwita ku bibazo byawe.

Zana urutonde rwuzuye rw’imiti ukoresha, harimo imiti y’abaganga, imiti yo mu maduka, n’ibindi. Andika kandi allergie cyangwa ingaruka mbi wahuye nazo mu miti mu gihe gishize.

Kora inyandiko y’amateka yawe y’ubuzima, harimo kanseri z’uruhu wahuye nazo, ibizamini byafashwe, cyangwa uburyo bwo kuvurwa. Niba ufite impapuro z’ubuvuzi zivuye ku bandi baganga, zana kopi cyangwa ubatekereze kugira ngo bazoherezwe kwa muganga wawe ubu.

Andika impinduka zose z’uruhu wabonye. Fata amafoto y’ibintu bikubangamiye niba bishoboka, kandi andika igihe wabonye impinduka bwa mbere n’uburyo byahindutse uko iminsi igenda ishira.

Tegereza kuzana inshuti cyangwa umuntu wo mu muryango w’umunyamuryango wizewe mu buvuzi. Bashobora kugufasha mu buryo bw’amarangamutima, bakaguha ubufasha mu kwibuka amakuru yavuzwe, kandi bagufashe mu kubabaza ibibazo ushobora kwibagirwa.

Tegura kuvugana amateka y’indwara ya kanseri mu muryango wawe, cyane cyane kanseri y’uruhu. Amakuru yerekeye abavandimwe bafite melanoma cyangwa kanseri izindi ashobora kuba afite akamaro mu kuvurwa kwawe.

Tekereza ku ntego zawe n’ibyo ukunda mu bijyanye no kuvurwa. Tekereza ku bintu nk’imibereho yawe, akazi, n’amahame yawe bwite bishobora kugira ingaruka ku cyemezo cyo kuvurwa.

Ni iki gikuru wakuramo kuri melanoma?

Ikintu gikomeye cyo kwibuka kuri melanoma ni uko kuyimenya hakiri kare gikiza ubuzima. Iyo imenyekanye mu ntangiriro, melanoma ifite ibyago byiza cyane byo gukira, akenshi igera kuri 99% ikoresheje uburyo bukwiye bwo kuvura.

Kwirinda binyuze mu kurinda izuba no kugenzura uruhu buri gihe biguha ibikoresho bikomeye kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago kandi umenye ibibazo hakiri kare. Imigenzo yoroshye nko gukoresha amavuta yo kwirinda izuba buri munsi, kwirinda ibyuma byo kwishima izuba, no kwisuzuma uruhu buri kwezi bishobora gutanga itandukaniro rikomeye.

Niba ufite melanoma, ibuka ko uburyo bwo kuvura bwarateye imbere cyane mu myaka ya vuba aha. Nubwo melanoma ikomeye yari kugira ingaruka mbi mu myaka icumi ishize ubu ifite uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura bushobora gutanga uburyo bwiza bwo kugenzura igihe kirekire.

Gira icyizere icyo umubiri wawe ugukorera. Niba hari ikintu kigaragara kitari cyo cyangwa kikubangamiye, ntutinye kugisha inama umuganga. Uzi umubiri wawe kurusha undi wese, kandi ibyo ubona bifite agaciro.

Komereza gufatanya n’itsinda ry’abaganga bawe kandi ukore ibyo bagutegeka mu bijyanye no gukurikirana. Gukurikirana melanoma bisanzwe biba ubuzima bwose, ariko iyi kwitaho ihoraho bifasha kwemeza ko ibyavuye bishya bimenyekana hakiri kare.

Ibibazo bikunze kubaho kuri melanoma

Melanoma ishobora kugaragara mu bice bidashyirwaho izuba?

Yego, melanoma ishobora kuvuka ahantu hose ku mubiri wawe, harimo n’ahantu hatagira izuba. Melanoma ya acral lentiginous iboneka ku kuboko, ku birenge, no munsi y’imisumari. Melanoma ya mucosal ishobora kuba mu kanwa, mu mazuru, cyangwa mu gice cy’imyororokere. Nubwo ubwo bwoko ari buke, ni ingenzi kubumenya kuko bishobora kudasobanura izuba kandi bigorana kubibona hakiri kare.

Ese melanoma ihora ari umukara cyangwa umwijima?

Oya, melanoma ntiahora iba umukara. Amelanotic melanomas nta pigment iba ifite kandi ishobora kuba umutuku, umweru, cyangwa ibara ry’umubiri. Iyi melanoma idafite pigment ishobora kuba igorana cyane kubona kuko isa nkaho atari ibimenyetso by’umukara abantu bazi. Icyo ari cyo cyose gishya, gihinduka, cyangwa kidasanzwe kigomba gusuzuma muganga utabariye ibara ryacyo.

Melanoma ikwirakwira vuba gute?

Umuvuduko wo gukwirakwira kwa melanoma utandukanye cyane bitewe n’ubwoko n’ibintu by’umuntu ku giti cye. Zimwe muri melanoma zikura buhoro buhoro mu mezi cyangwa imyaka, izindi zirahinduka vuba mu byumweru. Melanoma ya nodular ikura vuba kurusha ubwoko bwo gukwirakwira ku mubiri. Ubu buryo butandukanye niyo mpamvu ikibazo cyose cy’uruhu gihinduka kigomba gusuzuma vuba aho gutegereza uko gikura.

Abana bashobora kurwara melanoma?

Nubwo melanoma ari nke mu bana, ishobora kubaho, cyane cyane mu bangavu. Melanoma yo mu bwana ikunze kugaragara itandukanye na melanoma y’abakuze kandi ishobora kutakurikira amategeko asanzwe ya ABCDE. Mu bana, melanoma ishobora kuba umutuku cyangwa umweru aho kuba umukara cyangwa umukara. Iyo hari ikintu gishya cyangwa gihinduka ku mwana kigomba gusuzuma umuganga, cyane cyane iyo hari amateka y’umuryango wa melanoma.

Ni iki gitandukanya melanoma n’ubundi burwayi bw’uruhu?

Melanoma itera mu melanocytes (uturengano z’uruhu) kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwira mu bindi bice by’umubiri kurusha ibindi bwoya by’uruhu. Kanseri y’uturengano tw’uruhu bwa basal na squamous, izindi nshya nyamukuru za kanseri y’uruhu, ubusanzwe ziguma ahantu hamwe kandi zidakwirakwira. Nubwo kanseri zose z’uruhu zisaba kuvurwa, melanoma ifatwa nk’ikiremereye kubera ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukwirakwira, bituma kwimenya hakiri kare no kuvurwa biba ingenzi cyane.