Microcephaly ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n’Ubuvuzi

Microcephaly ni uburwayi umwana avutse afite umutwe muto cyane ugereranyije n’imyaka ye n’igitsina cye. Ibi bibaho iyo ubwonko budakurira neza mu gihe cyo gutwita cyangwa buhagarara gukura nyuma yo kuvuka.

Nubwo iyi nkuru ishobora gutera impungenge mu muryango, gusobanukirwa icyo microcephaly ari cyo n’ubufasha buhari bishobora kugufasha guca mu nzira utekanye kandi ufite amahoro mu mutima.

Microcephaly ni iki?

Microcephaly ibaho iyo ingano y’umutwe w’umwana igereranywa n’ibipimo bisanzwe by’abana b’imyaka ye ikaba iri munsi y’ibipimo bisanzwe. Tekereza ko ubwonko budagerwaho ubunini bwakwitezwe mu gihe cy’iterambere.

Ubu burwayi bugera ku bana 2 kugeza kuri 12 kuri buri bana 10.000 bavutse ku isi hose. Ubukana bwabwo bushobora gutandukana cyane kuva ku mwana umwe ku wundi, bamwe bagira ingaruka nke cyane naho abandi bagira ibibazo bikomeye by’iterambere.

Abaganga basanzwe bapima microcephaly bapima ingano y’umutwe bawugereranya n’ibipimo bisanzwe by’ubukurire. Ubu burwayi bushobora kuba buhari kuva umwana avuka cyangwa bugatera mu myaka mike ya mbere y’ubuzima.

Ibimenyetso bya Microcephaly ni ibihe?

Ikimenyetso cy’ingenzi cya microcephaly ni ugutera umutwe muto kurusha ubusanzwe. Ariko kandi, ubu burwayi bugenda buherekejwe n’ibindi bimenyetso ababyeyi n’abita ku bana bagomba kumenya.

Ibimenyetso bisanzwe ushobora kubona birimo:

• Umutwe usa n’uto cyane ugereranyije n’umubiri
• Ijosi ry’umutwe rigana inyuma
• Gutinda kuvugira no kumenya indimi
• Kugira ibibazo mu mikorere y’umubiri nko kwicara, kwinezeza, cyangwa kugenda
• Ibibazo byo guhuza imitwe n’imigendekere
• Ubumuga bwo mu mutwe mu rugero rutandukanye
• Ibitero by’indwara mu mubiri mu bindi bihe

Ibimenyetso bitagenda bibaho ariko bishoboka birimo ibibazo by’amatwi, ibibazo by’amaso, cyangwa ibibazo byo kurya. Bamwe mu bana bafite microcephaly nke bashobora kugira ibimenyetso bike cyane kandi bakakura neza, naho abandi bashobora guhura n’ibibazo bikomeye.

Ni ngombwa kwibuka ko buri mwana ari umwihariko, kandi kuba hari ibimenyetso cyangwa ubukana bwabyo ntibigena ubushobozi bw’umwana cyangwa agaciro ke.

Ubwoko bwa Microcephaly ni ubuhe?

Microcephaly muri rusange igabanywamo ubwoko bubiri bushingiye ku gihe itera. Gusobanukirwa itandukaniro ryabyo bishobora kugufasha gusobanukirwa neza uko umwana wawe ameze.

Microcephaly y’ibanze, izwi kandi nka microcephaly yavutse, ibaho iyo ubwonko budakurira neza mu gihe cyo gutwita. Ubu bwoko buterwa n’impamvu z’imiterere cyangwa indwara mu gihe cyo gutwita.

Microcephaly y’uburyo bwa kabiri itera nyuma yo kuvuka iyo ubwonko buhagarara gukura cyangwa bugacogora. Ibi bishobora kuba bitewe n’indwara, imvune, cyangwa izindi ndwara zibangamira iterambere ry’ubwonko mu buto cyangwa mu bwana.

Abaganga bashobora kandi gushyira microcephaly mu byiciro by’ubukana, ubugari, cyangwa buke bushingiye ku kigero umutwe uba uri munsi y’ibipimo bisanzwe. Iyi gicro ifasha mu kuyobora ubuvuzi no gutegura ubufasha.

Impamvu za Microcephaly ni izihe?

Microcephaly ishobora guterwa n’ibintu bitandukanye bibangamira iterambere risanzwe ry’ubwonko. Gusobanukirwa izi mpamvu bishobora gufasha gusobanura impamvu ubu burwayi bwabayeho, nubwo rimwe na rimwe impamvu nyamukuru itaboneka.

Impamvu z’imiterere zigira uruhare mu bintu byinshi kandi zirimo:

• Impinduka mu miterere y’umutungo w’ababyeyi zirakomereza ku bana
• Ibibazo by’imiterere y’chromosome nka syndrome ya Down
• Indwara zidasanzwe z’imiterere zigira ingaruka ku iterambere ry’ubwonko
• Impinduka nshya mu miterere iba mu buryo butunguranye

Indwara mu gihe cyo gutwita zishobora kandi gutera microcephaly:

• Zika virus, yamenyekanye cyane mu myaka ya vuba aha
• Cytomegalovirus (CMV), virusi isanzwe ishobora kugira ingaruka mbi mu gihe cyo gutwita
• Toxoplasmosis iterwa no kwandura imyanda y’inkweto cyangwa inyama zidakozwe neza
• Rubella (igituntu cy’Abadage) niba nyina atarakingiwe
• Herpes simplex virus mu bihe bidasanzwe

Ibindi bintu bishobora kugira uruhare birimo imirire mibi mu gihe cyo gutwita, kwandura ibintu bibangamira nk’inzoga cyangwa ibiyobyabwenge, cyangwa ibibazo mu gihe cyo kubyara bigabanya umwuka ugera ku bwonko bw’umwana.

Mu bihe byinshi, abaganga bakora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo bamenye impamvu nyamukuru, kuko ayo makuru ashobora gufasha mu gufata ibyemezo by’ubuvuzi no mu biganiro by’umuryango.

Ni ryari ukwiye kubona umuganga kubera Microcephaly?

Niba ubona umutwe w’umwana wawe usa n’uto kurusha abandi bana b’imyaka ye, ni byiza kubiganiraho n’umuganga wawe. Gusuzuma hakiri kare no gutabara bishobora kugira uruhare runini mu iterambere ry’umwana wawe.

Ugomba guhamagara umuganga niba ubona ibimenyetso byo gutinda gukura nko gutinda kwicara, kugenda, cyangwa kuvugira, ibitero by’indwara cyangwa imigendekere idasanzwe, ibibazo byo kurya, cyangwa niba umwana wawe asa n’ufite ibibazo byo kubona cyangwa kumva neza.

Isuzuma rya buri gihe ry’abana risanzwe ririmo gupima ingano y’umutwe, bityo umuganga wawe ashobora kubona ibibazo mu gihe cy’ibisanzwe. Ariko kandi, wizeye impungenge zawe nk’umubyeyi niba hari ikintu kidasanzwe mu iterambere ry’umwana wawe.

Wibuke ko gushaka ubufasha bw’abaganga ntibivuze ko hari ikintu kibaye. Abaganga bahari kugufasha no kuguha ibisubizo, guhumuriza, cyangwa ubufasha bukwiye uko bikenewe.

Ibyago bya Microcephaly ni ibihe?

Ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kongera ibyago byo kubyara umwana ufite microcephaly. Kumenya ibyo byago bifasha mu kwirinda no gutegura hakiri kare, nubwo kuba ufite ibyago ntibihamya ko ubu burwayi buzabaho.

Ibintu by’umubyeyi bishobora kongera ibyago birimo:

• Kwandura Zika, CMV, cyangwa izindi virusi zangiza mu gihe cyo gutwita
• Kugira diabete idakurikiranwa neza
• Imire mibi cyangwa kudasobanukirwa neza uko gutwita kugenda
• Kunywesha inzoga cyangwa gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge mu gihe cyo gutwita
• Kwandura ibintu bibangamira cyangwa imirasire
• Kugira ibibazo bimwe by’imiterere

Amateka y’umuryango agira uruhare, kuko ubundi bwoko bwa microcephaly bwakomoka mu muryango. Imyaka myinshi y’umubyeyi n’ibibazo mu gihe cyo gutwita cyangwa kubyara rimwe na rimwe bishobora gutera ibyago.

Abagore benshi bafite ibyo byago bagira abana bazima, bityo kuba ufite ibyago ntibisobanura ko microcephaly izabaho. Kwita neza ku gutwita no kugira imibereho myiza bishobora kugabanya ibyo byago byinshi.

Ibibazo bishoboka bya Microcephaly ni ibihe?

Abana bafite microcephaly bashobora guhura n’ibibazo bitandukanye uko bakura, nubwo ubukana bwabyo butandukana cyane kuva ku mwana umwe ku wundi. Gusobanukirwa ibibazo bishoboka bifasha imiryango kwitegura no gushaka ubufasha bukwiye.

Ibibazo by’iterambere bishobora kuba birimo:

• Ubumuga bwo mu mutwe kuva kuke kugeza ku gukomeye
• Gutinda kuvugira no kumenya indimi
• Ibibazo mu mikorere y’umubiri no guhuza imitwe
• Ibibazo byo kwiga mu ishuri
• Ibibazo by’imibanire n’imyitwarire

Ibibazo by’ubuvuzi rimwe na rimwe bishobora kubaho:

• Ibitero by’indwara bishobora gusaba ubuvuzi buhoraho
• Ibibazo by’amaso cyangwa amatwi
• Ibibazo byo kurya no kudakira neza
• Ibibazo byo gusinzira
• Kugira ubudahangarwa buke ku ndwara z’ubuhumekero

Nubwo uru rutonde rushobora kugaragara nk’urugari, abana benshi bafite microcephaly babaho neza bafite ubufasha bukwiye n’ubwitabire. Serivisi zo gutabara hakiri kare, gahunda z’uburezi bw’abana bafite ubumuga, n’ubuvuzi bushobora gufasha gukemura ibyo bibazo byinshi neza.

Microcephaly ipima ite?

Gupima microcephaly bisaba gupima neza no gukora ibizamini byongeyeho kugira ngo dusobanukirwe impamvu nyamukuru. Uburyo busanzwe butangira hakoreshejwe gupima ingano y’umutwe mu gihe cy’isuzuma rya buri gihe.

Umuganga wawe azapima ingano y’umutwe w’umwana wawe akayishyira ku bipimo bisanzwe by’ubukurire. Niba ibipimo bikomeza kuba munsi y’ibipimo biteganyijwe, hashobora gusabwa ibizamini byongeyeho.

Ibizamini byongeyeho bishobora kuba birimo ibizamini byo kureba ubwonko nka ultrasound, CT scan, cyangwa MRI kugira ngo barebe imiterere y’ubwonko. Ibizamini by’amaraso bishobora kureba ibibazo by’imiterere cyangwa ibimenyetso by’indwara. Rimwe na rimwe, inama n’ibizamini by’imiterere bifasha kumenya impamvu zikomoka mu miryango.

Mu gihe cyo gutwita, microcephaly rimwe na rimwe ishobora kugaragara binyuze mu isuzuma rya ultrasound, cyane cyane mu bihe bya nyuma. Ariko kandi, ibintu bike bishobora kugaragara nyuma yo kuvuka.

Uburyo bwo gupima bugamije kumenya niba microcephaly ihari, ariko nanone icyayiteye n’uburyo bwo gufasha iterambere ry’umwana wawe.

Ubuvuzi bwa Microcephaly ni ubuhe?

Kuri ubu, nta muti wa microcephaly, ariko ubuvuzi butandukanye n’ubufasha bishobora gufasha abana kugera ku bushobozi bwabo bwuzuye. Icyo tugamije ni ugufasha iterambere no gucunga ibimenyetso cyangwa ibibazo bifitanye isano.

Serivisi zo gutabara hakiri kare zigira uruhare runini mu buvuzi kandi zishobora kuba zirimo:

• Ubuvuzi bw’umubiri kugira ngo hakorwe neza imikoranire y’umubiri
• Ubuvuzi bw’imirimo kugira ngo hakorwe neza imirimo ya buri munsi
• Ubuvuzi bw’amagambo kugira ngo hakorwe neza uburyo bwo gutanga amakuru
• Serivisi z’uburezi bw’abana bafite ubumuga zikwiye ibyo umwana wawe akeneye
• Ubuvuzi bw’imyitwarire kugira ngo hakemurwe ibibazo by’imibanire n’imyitwarire

Ubuvuzi bugamije gucunga ibibazo:

• Imiti yo kurwanya ibitero by’indwara niba umwana wawe afite indwara y’igituntu
• Ubuvuzi bw’ibibazo by’amaso cyangwa amatwi
• Ubufasha mu mirire kubera ibibazo byo kurya
• Kwita neza no kwirinda indwara

Itsinda ry’abaganga rikunze kuba ririmo abaganga bita ku bana, abaganga bita ku ndwara z’ubwonko, abahanga mu iterambere, abaganga b’ubuvuzi, n’abarimu bakorana. Ubu buryo bwo gufatanya bufasha umwana wawe kubona ubufasha buuzuye bukemura ibintu byose by’iterambere rye.

Uko watanga ubufasha mu rugo kubera Microcephaly

Kurema ahantu heza mu rugo bishobora kugira uruhare runini mu iterambere ry’umwana wawe n’imibereho ye. Ibikorwa bya buri munsi n’imigenzo ishobora kuba ibikoresho bikomeye byo guteza imbere ubukure n’imyigire.

Fata umwanya wo gutanga uburyo bwinshi bwo gukora ibintu binyuze mu gusoma, kuririmba, no gukina hamwe. Shyiraho imigenzo ihoraho ifasha umwana wawe kumva atekanye kandi azi icyo ategereza umunsi wose.

Korana n’itsinda ry’abaganga bita ku bana kugira ngo uhuze imyitozo n’ibikorwa byategetswe mu buzima bwa buri munsi. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo imyitozo idasanzwe, imikino itera imbaraga z’umubiri, cyangwa uburyo bwo gutanga amakuru.

Witondere ibyo umwana wawe akeneye n’ubushobozi bwe, hizihizwa intsinzi nto n’iterambere. Bamwe mu bana bashobora gukenera igihe kinini cyo kurya, naho abandi bashobora kungukirwa n’ibikinisho cyangwa ibikoresho byahinduwe.

Ntucikwe no kwita kuri wowe n’abandi bagize umuryango. Kurera umwana ufite ubumuga bishobora kuba bishimishije ariko bikaba bigoye, bityo gushaka ubufasha mu muryango, inshuti, cyangwa amatsinda y’ubufasha ni ingenzi.

Uko Microcephaly yakwirindwa

Nubwo atari ibyago byose bya microcephaly bishobora kwirindwa, intambwe nyinshi mu gihe cyo gutwita zishobora kugabanya ibyago. Kwita neza ku gutwita no kugira imibereho myiza bigira uruhare runini.

Ibikorwa byo kwirinda birimo gukingirwa rubella mbere yo gutwita no kwirinda kujya mu turere dufite Zika virus. Kora isuku nziza kugira ngo wirinde indwara, cyane cyane hafi y’inkweto (ibyago bya toxoplasmosis) n’abana bato (ibyago bya CMV).

Kugira imibereho myiza binyuze mu kwirinda inzoga n’ibiyobyabwenge, kurya indyo yuzuye ifite acide folique ihagije, gucunga indwara zidakira nk’indwara ya diabete, no kujya mu buvuzi bwose bwo gutwita kugira ngo hakorwe isuzuma rya buri gihe.

Niba ufite amateka y’umuryango wa microcephaly cyangwa ibibazo by’imiterere, tekereza ku nama z’imiterere mbere yo gutwita. Ibi bishobora kugufasha gusobanukirwa ibyago byawe no gufata ibyemezo byiza bijyanye no kubyara.

Gukora ibyo bintu ntibihamya kwirinda, ariko bigabanya cyane ibyago bya microcephaly n’ibindi bibazo byinshi byo gutwita.

Uko wakwitegura ku bw’isura yawe kwa muganga

Kuba witeguye neza ku bw’isura yawe kwa muganga bifasha guhamya ko ubonye amakuru n’ubufasha byinshi ku mwana wawe. Gutegura gato bishobora gutuma ibyo bisura biba byiza kandi bidatwara umwanya munini.

Mbere y’isura yawe, andika ibibazo n’impungenge zawe kugira ngo utabyibagirwa. Komereza ku makuru y’ibimenyetso by’umwana wawe, imyitwarire, cyangwa ibimenyetso by’iterambere wabonye.

Zana amakuru y’ubuvuzi yabanje, ibisubizo by’ibizamini, cyangwa raporo zivuye ku bandi baganga cyangwa abaganga b’ubuvuzi. Niba bishoboka, zana urutonde rw’imiti cyangwa ibindi bintu umwana wawe afata.

Tekereza kuzana umuntu wo mu muryango cyangwa inshuti igufasha kwibuka amakuru yavuzwe mu gihe cy’isura. Rimwe na rimwe kuba ufite amatwi yongeyeho ni ingenzi mu gihe utekereza ku makuru y’ubuvuzi.

Ntukabe gushidikanya gusaba ibisobanuro niba utasobanukiwe ikintu. Abaganga bashaka guhamya ko usobanukiwe neza uburwayi bw’umwana wawe n’uburyo bwo kuvura.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya cyane kuri Microcephaly

Microcephaly ni uburwayi bugira ingaruka ku iterambere ry’ubwonko, butera umutwe muto kurusha ubusanzwe n’ibibazo by’iterambere bishoboka. Nubwo iyi nkuru ishobora gutera impungenge, abana benshi bafite microcephaly babaho neza, bafite ubufasha bukwiye n’ubwitabire.

Gutabara hakiri kare n’ubufasha buhoraho bishobora kugira uruhare runini mu gufasha abana kugera ku bushobozi bwabo. Buri mwana ni umwihariko, kandi ubukana bw’ibimenyetso butandukana cyane kuva ku muntu umwe ku wundi.

Wibuke ko nturi wenyine muri uru rugendo. Amatsinda y’abaganga, abaganga b’ubuvuzi, abarimu, n’amatsiko y’ubufasha bahari kugufasha wowe n’umwana wawe guca mu bibazo no kwizihiza intsinzi mu nzira.

Urukundo, kwihangana, n’ubufasha bukwiye, abana bafite microcephaly bashobora gukomeza kwiga, gukura, no kuzana ibyishimo mu miryango yabo n’imiryango yabo.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubahwa kuri Microcephaly

Abana bafite microcephaly bashobora kubaho ubuzima busanzwe?

Abana benshi bafite microcephaly bashobora kubaho ubuzima buzuye, nubwo ubuzima bwabo bushobora gutandukana n’iterambere risanzwe. Ibyavuye mu mpinduka ziterwa n’ubukana bw’uburwayi n’uburyo serivisi zo gutabara hakiri kare zitangira. Bamwe mu bana bafite microcephaly nke bashobora kugira ibibazo bike, naho abandi bashobora gukenera ubufasha bwinshi mu bikorwa bya buri munsi. Bafite ubufasha bukwiye, ubuvuzi, n’ubufasha bw’umuryango, abana bakunze kurenga ibyari biteganyijwe kandi bakagira ubushobozi n’imibanire ifatika.

Microcephaly ihora ifitanye isano n’ubumuga bwo mu mutwe?

Oya, nubwo ubumuga bwo mu mutwe ari bwinshi muri microcephaly. Urugere rw’ingaruka ku bumenyi butandukana cyane bushingiye ku buryo iterambere ry’ubwonko ryagizweho ingaruka. Bamwe mu bana bashobora kugira ibibazo bike byo kwiga, naho abandi bashobora kugira ibibazo bikomeye byo gutekereza. Gutabara hakiri kare n’ubufasha buhoraho bishobora gufasha abana kongera ubushobozi bwabo bwo gutekereza uko byagenda kose.

Microcephaly ishobora kugaragara mu gihe cyo gutwita?

Rimwe na rimwe microcephaly ishobora kugaragara mu gihe cyo gutwita binyuze mu isuzuma rya ultrasound, cyane cyane mu mezi atatu ya kabiri cyangwa ya gatatu. Ariko kandi, ibintu bike bishobora kugaragara nyuma yo kuvuka cyangwa nyuma gato mu buto. Ubushobozi bwo kubona mu gihe cyo gutwita biterwa n’ubukana n’igihe ubu burwayi bwateye. Isuzuma rya buri gihe ry’abagore batwite ririmo gukurikirana ubukure bw’umwana, harimo n’ingano y’umutwe.

Umwana wanjye ufite microcephaly azashobora kujya mu ishuri risanzwe?

Aho umwana aziga biterwa n’ubushobozi n’ibyo akeneye. Bamwe mu bana bafite microcephaly nke bashobora kujya mu mashuri asanzwe bafite ubufasha buke, naho abandi bagira inyungu mu burezi bw’abana bafite ubumuga cyangwa amashuri yihariye. Ikintu nyamukuru ni ukubona ahantu hakwiye ho kwiga hagira uruhare mu guhaza umwana wawe uko bikwiye mu gihe kimwe hatangwa ubufasha bukenewe. Amashuri menshi atanga uburyo butandukanye bwo gufasha abana kugira icyo bageraho.

Serivisi z’ubufasha zihabwa imiryango ifite microcephaly ni izihe?

Hariho serivisi nyinshi z’ubufasha zifasha imiryango guca mu bibazo bya microcephaly. Gahunda zo gutabara hakiri kare zitanga serivisi z’ubuvuzi ku bana bato n’abana bato cyane. Serivisi z’uburezi bw’abana bafite ubumuga zifasha abana biga. Uturere twinshi dufite amatsinda y’ubufasha aho imiryango ishobora guhura n’abandi bahura n’ibibazo nk’ibyo. Amatsinda y’abaganga, abakozi b’imibereho myiza, n’abacunga ibyo abantu bakeneye bashobora gufasha guhuza serivisi no gutanga ubufasha. Byongeye kandi, imiryango itari iya leta itanga amakuru, ubuvugizi, n’ibikorwa byo gufasha mu by’amafaranga.