Microcephaly

Microcephaly (my-kroh-SEF-uh-lee) ni uburwayi bwa neurologique buke cyane, aho umwana avutse afite umutwe muto cyane ugereranyije n’abana bandi bangana na we mu myaka no mu gitsina. Rimwe na rimwe iboneka umwana avutse, microcephaly ikunze kubaho iyo habaye ikibazo mu iterambere ry’ubwonko mu nda ya nyina cyangwa iyo ubwonko buhagaritse gukura nyuma yo kuvuka.

Microcephaly ishobora guterwa n’ibintu byinshi by’umurage n’ibidukikije. Abana bafite microcephaly bakunze kugira ibibazo by’iterambere. Nubwo nta muti wa microcephaly, kuvugurura hakiri kare hakoreshejwe imiti y’amagambo, imirimo n’ibindi bikorwa by’inkunga bishobora gufasha kunoza iterambere ry’umwana no kunoza imibereho ye.

Ikimuga gikomeye cya microcephaly ni ukugira umutwe muto cyane ugereranyije n'abana bandi bafite imyaka n'igitsina kimwe.

Ubunini bw'umutwe ni ugupima intera izinguruka hejuru y'umutwe w'umwana (ingano). Abaganga bakoresheje imbonerahamwe z'iterambere ryagenwe, bagereranya ubwo bupimo n'ubupimo bw'abandi bana mu bipimo by'ibice by'ijana.

Bamwe mu bana bagira imitwe mito gusa, bafite uburebure buri munsi y'agaciro kagenwe ku bana bafite imyaka n'igitsina kimwe. Mu bana bafite microcephaly, uburebure bw'umutwe bugera hasi cyane ugereranyije n'imyaka n'igitsina cy'umwana.

Umwana ufite microcephaly ikomeye ashobora kugira ijosi ryaguye.

Hari amahirwe menshi yuko umuvuzi wawe azabona uburwayi bwa microcephaly igihe umwana wawe avutse cyangwa mu bugenzuzi busanzwe bw'ubuzima bw'umwana. Ariko rero, niba utekereza ko umutwe w'umwana wawe ari muto ukurikije imyaka n'igitsina cy'umwana cyangwa udakura nkuko bikwiye, vugana n'umuvuzi wawe.

Microcephaly isanzwe iba iterwa n'ikibazo cy'iterambere ry'ubwonko, gishobora kuba kiri mu nda (congenital) cyangwa mu buto bwa mbere. Microcephaly ishobora kuba ari iy'umuzuko. Ibindi bintu bishobora kuyitera birimo:

• Craniosynostosis (kray-nee-o-sin-os-TOE-sis). Guhuza hakiri kare kw'ingingo (sutures) hagati y'amagufwa agize umutwe w'uruhinja birinda ubwonko gukura. Kuvura craniosynostosis bisanzwe bisobanura ko umwana akeneye kubagwa kugira ngo atandukanye amagufwa ahujwe. Ubu buvuzi bukuraho igitutu ku bwonko, buha umwanya uhagije wo gukura no gutera imbere.
• Impinduka z'umuzuko. Sindwome na bindi bibazo bishobora gutera microcephaly.
• O2 nke igera ku bwonko bw'umwana uri mu nda (cerebral anoxia). Bimwe mu bibazo byo gutwita cyangwa kubyara bishobora kugabanya umwuka ugera ku bwonko bw'uruhinja.
• Indwara zandura zinyura mu mubyeyi zikagera ku mwana uri mu nda. Ibi birimo toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus, rubella (igicurane cy'Abadage), varicella (igicurane cy'inkoko) na virusi ya Zika.
• Kugira ikibazo cyo kwandura imiti, inzoga cyangwa ibindi bintu byangiza mu nda. Ibi byose bishobora kugira ingaruka ku iterambere ry'ubwonko bw'umwana uri mu nda.
• Imvura y'imirire. Kudafata intungamubiri zihagije mu gihe cyo gutwita bishobora kugira ingaruka ku iterambere ry'ubwonko bw'umwana uri mu nda.
• Phenylketonuria (fen-ul-kee-toe-NU-ree-uh) idakurikiranwa, izwi kandi nka PKU, ku mubyeyi. Phenylketonuria (PKU) iratinda ubushobozi bw'umubyeyi bwo gusenya acide amine ya phenylalanine kandi ishobora kugira ingaruka ku iterambere ry'ubwonko bw'umwana uri mu nda.

Bamwe mu bana bafite uburwayi bwa microcephaly bagera ku ntambwe ziterambere nubwo imitwe yabo izahora ari mito ugereranyije n'imyaka yabo n'igitsina. Ariko bitewe n'intandaro n'uburemere bwa microcephaly, ingaruka zishobora kuba:

• Gutinda kw'iterambere, harimo no kuvuga no kugenda
• Kugorana guhuza imitwe n'umubiri
• Gupfapfa cyangwa kugira uburebure buke
• Kubogama kw'isura
• Gusakuza cyane
• Gutinda mu bwenge
• Kugwa mu marangamutima

Kumenya ko umwana wawe afite microcephaly bishobora kuvukaho ibibazo bijyanye n'inda z'ejo hazaza. Korana n'abaganga bawe kugira ngo bamenye icyateye microcephaly. Niba icyateye ari imvange, ushobora kwifuza kuvugana n'umujyanama w'imvange ku kibazo cya microcephaly mu nda z'ejo hazaza.

Kugira ngo umenye ngo umwana wawe afite microcephaly, umuvugizi wawe ashobora gufata amakuru yuzuye y'ubuzima bw'umwana mbere yo kuvuka, amakuru y'ubuzima bw'umwana nyuma yo kuvuka n'amateka y'umuryango, hanyuma akore isuzuma ry'umubiri. Umuvugizi wawe azapima umurambararo w'umutwe w'umwana wawe, abigeranye n'ikarita y'ikurikirana ubukura, hanyuma akongere apime kandi akore ikarita y'ikurikirana ubukura mu minsi izaza. Ababyeyi bashobora no gupimwa umurambararo w'amutwe yabo kugira ngo bamenye niba amatwi mato ari mu muryango. Muri ibi bihe bimwe na bimwe, cyane cyane niba iterambere ry'umwana wawe rirahagaritse, umuvugizi wawe w'ubuzima ashobora gutanga itegeko ryo gukora CT scan y'umutwe cyangwa MRI n'ibisuzuma by'amaraso kugira ngo bifashe gusobanukirwa impamvu z'ingenzi z'igihagararo.

Uretse kubaga umwana ufite uburwayi bwa craniosynostosis, nta yindi miti ivura ikomeza umutwe w'umwana cyangwa igabanya ingaruka z'uburwayi bwa microcephaly. Ubuvuzi bugamije uburyo bwo gucunga uburwayi bw'umwana. Gahunda zo kuvura abana bato zirimo kuvura imvugo, imyitozo ngororamubiri n'imirimo y'amaboko bishobora gufasha mu kongera ubushobozi bw'umwana. Umuganga wawe ashobora kugutegurira imiti yo kuvura zimwe mu ngaruka z'uburwayi bwa microcephaly, nko gutakaza ubwenge cyangwa kwihuta cyane.