Ese ni iki MOGAD? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n'Ubuvuzi

MOGAD bivuga indwara ifitanye isano na antikorps za myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein. Ni indwara idasanzwe y’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri aho ubwirinzi bwawe bwibeshya bugatera igitero kuri poroteyine yitwa MOG mu bwonko bwawe no mu mugongo.

Iyi poroteyine ifasha kurinda imiyoboro y’imiterere itwara ubutumwa mu mikorere y’ubwonko bwawe. Iyo antikorps zigabye igitero kuri MOG, bishobora gutera kubyimba no kwangirika bigatuma habaho ibimenyetso bitandukanye by’ubwonko. Nubwo MOGAD ishobora kwibasira abantu b’imyaka yose, ikunze kuvurwa cyane mu bana no mu rubyiruko.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya MOGAD?

Ibimenyetso bya MOGAD bishobora gutandukana cyane kuko iyi ndwara ishobora kwibasira ibice bitandukanye by’ubwonko bwawe. Ikimenyetso cya mbere gikunze kugaragara ni ibibazo by’ubuhanga, cyane cyane optic neuritis, itera ububabare bw’amaso n’ubutabazi bw’amaso mu jisho rimwe cyangwa mu yombi.

Dore ibimenyetso by’ingenzi ushobora guhura na byo ufite MOGAD:

• Ibibazo by’ubuhanga: Kubura ubuhanga, gutakaza ubuhanga, ububabare bw’amaso, cyangwa kubona amabara atandukanye
• Ibimenyetso by’ububabare bw’ubwonko: Kubabara umutwe, guhuzagurika, ibibazo byo kwibuka, cyangwa guhinduka kw’imico
• Ibimenyetso by’umugongo: Kugira intege nke mu biganza cyangwa mu birenge, kubabara, guhindagurika, cyangwa kugorana kugenda
• Ibimenyetso bya brainstem: Guhindagurika, isereri, kuruka, cyangwa kugorana kwishima
• Imihindagurikire: Cyane cyane mu bana bafite ikibazo cy’ubwonko

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, MOGAD ishobora gutera ibimenyetso bikomeye nko kugorana guhumeka niba brainstem yagizweho ingaruka cyane. Bamwe mu bantu bahura n’ibi bimenyetso byose icyarimwe, abandi bashobora kugira igice kimwe cyangwa bibiri byagizweho ingaruka.

Ibimenyetso bikunze kuza gatatanye mu masaha cyangwa mu minsi, ibyo bishobora gutera ubwoba. Ariko rero, abantu benshi bafite MOGAD barakira neza hagati y’ibice, cyane cyane bafashijwe n’ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Ni iyihe mitype ya MOGAD?

MOGAD ntabwo ifite ubwoko bwemewe, ariko abaganga bakunze kuyivugaho bitewe n’igice cy’ubwonko bwawe cyagizweho ingaruka cyane. Ibyo bibafasha kumva uko uhagaze neza no gutegura uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura.

Uburyo nyamukuru burimo optic neuritis MOGAD, ikunda kwibasira imiyoboro yawe y’amaso n’ubuhanga. MOGAD y’ubwonko igaragaza kubyimba mu mubiri w’ubwonko, naho MOGAD y’umugongo ikaba igira ingaruka ku mugongo kandi ishobora gutera intege nke cyangwa kubabara.

Bamwe mu bantu bagira brainstem MOGAD, ikaba igira ingaruka ku gice gihuza ubwonko bwawe n’umugongo wawe. Mu bihe bidasanzwe, ushobora kugira multifocal MOGAD, aho ibice byinshi bigirwaho ingaruka icyarimwe.

Uburyo bwawe bw’umwihariko bushobora guhinduka uko igihe gihita, kandi bamwe mu bantu bashobora guhura n’uburyo butandukanye bw’ingaruka mu bihe bitandukanye. Ubu buryo bwo guhinduka ni kimwe mu bituma MOGAD itandukanye n’izindi ndwara zisa.

Ese MOGAD iterwa n’iki?

MOGAD ibaho iyo ubwirinzi bwawe bw’umubiri buhindura antikorps kuri poroteyine ya MOG. Abahanga mu bya siyansi ntibasobanukiwe neza impamvu iyi myitwarire y’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri itangira, ariko birashoboka ko ifitanye isano n’ibintu byinshi.

Ibintu bishobora gutera iyi nzira birimo:

• Indwara ziterwa na virusi: Virusi zisanzwe nka zimwe mu ziterwa na grippe cyangwa izindi ndwara
• Inkingo: Mu bihe bidasanzwe, inkingo zishobora gutera ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri
• Umuvuduko cyangwa indwara: Umuvuduko w’umubiri cyangwa uw’amarangamutima ugira ingaruka ku budahangarwa bwawe
• Ibintu by’umurage: Imwe mu mibare ishobora kukugiraho ingaruka
• Ibintu by’ibidukikije: Ibintu bidasobanuwe by’ibidukikije

Mu bihe byinshi, nta kintu cyihariye gishobora kugaragazwa, ibyo bishobora gutera agahinda. Ikintu gikomeye cyo gusobanukirwa ni uko MOGAD idanduza, kandi idaterwa n’icyo wakoze cyangwa utarakora.

Iyi ndwara isa n’ikunze kugaragara mu matsinda amwe y’abantu, cyane cyane abantu bakomoka muri Aziya, nubwo ishobora kwibasira umuntu uwo ari we wese. Abashakashatsi bagikora ubushakashatsi kugira ngo basobanukirwe ibintu byose bigira uruhare mu iterambere rya MOGAD.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga ufite MOGAD?

Ukwiye gushaka ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa niba ubonye gutakaza ubuhanga butunguranye, kubabara umutwe cyane ufite guhuzagurika, cyangwa intege nke mu biganza cyangwa mu birenge. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kugaragaza kubyimba mu bwonko bwawe bikeneye kuvurwa vuba.

Hamagara muganga wawe ako kanya niba ubona impinduka z’ubuhanga nko kubura ubuhanga, ububabare bw’amaso, cyangwa kugorana kubona amabara neza. Nubwo ibimenyetso bisa nkaho ari bito, kuvurwa hakiri kare bishobora gufasha gukumira ingaruka zikomeye.

Ibindi bimenyetso by’uburangare bikeneye isuzuma ry’abaganga birimo kubabara umutwe buhoraho budakira uko usanzwe uvura, ibibazo byo kwibuka cyangwa guhuzagurika, kubabara cyangwa guhindagurika bikwirakwira, cyangwa kugorana kugenda cyangwa guhuza imikorere y’umubiri.

Niba umaze kuvurwa MOGAD, hamagara itsinda ry’ubuvuzi bwawe niba ubona ibimenyetso bishya cyangwa niba ibimenyetso biriho bikomeye. Bashobora gufasha kumenya niba ukeneye ubuvuzi bundi cyangwa impinduka z’imiti.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago bya MOGAD?

MOGAD ishobora kwibasira umuntu uwo ari we wese, ariko ibintu bimwe bishobora kongera amahirwe yo kurwara iyi ndwara. Gusobanukirwa ibi bintu byongera ibyago bishobora kugufasha wowe n’umuganga wawe kuba maso ku bimenyetso bishoboka.

Ibintu by’ingenzi byongera ibyago birimo:

• Imyaka: Ikunda kugaragara mu bana no mu rubyiruko, nubwo ishobora kubaho mu myaka yose
• Ubwoko bw’abantu: Ikunda kugaragara mu bantu bakomoka muri Aziya
• Ibitsina: Ikunda kugaragara mu bagore kurusha abagabo
• Amateka y’umuryango: Kugira abavandimwe bafite indwara z’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri
• Indwara zikurikiyeho: Indwara ziterwa na virusi mu byumweru mbere y’ibimenyetso

Kugira ibi bintu byongera ibyago ntibisobanura ko uzagira MOGAD. Abantu benshi bafite ibintu byinshi byongera ibyago ntibabona iyi ndwara, naho abandi badafite ibintu byongera ibyago bayibona.

Ni byiza kuzirikana ko MOGAD igikomeje kubonwa nk’indwara idasanzwe, ikaba igira ingaruka ku bantu bake kurusha 10 kuri 100.000. Iyi ndwara isa n’iyamenyekanye ubu kurusha mu gihe cyashize, kubera ko gupima antikorps za MOG byabaye byoroshye.

Ni iyihe ngaruka zishoboka za MOGAD?

Nubwo abantu benshi bafite MOGAD bakira neza hagati y’ibice, hariho ingaruka zimwe na zimwe zishobora kubaho, cyane cyane niba iyi ndwara idavuwe vuba. Gusobanukirwa ibyo bishoboka bishobora kugufasha gukorana n’itsinda ry’ubuvuzi bwawe kugira ngo ubikumire.

Ingaruka zisanzwe ushobora guhura nazo zirimo:

• Ibibazo by’ubuhanga: Gutakaza ubuhanga burundu cyangwa kugabanuka kw’ubuhanga bwo kubona amabara
• Impinduka zo mu bwenge: Ibibazo byo kwibuka, kugorana gufata ibintu mu mutwe, cyangwa guhinduka kw’imico
• Ubumuga bw’umubiri: Intege nke, ibibazo byo guhuza imikorere y’umubiri, cyangwa kugorana kugenda
• Ibibazo by’imyumvire: Kubabara buhoraho, guhindagurika, cyangwa ububabare
• Uburwayi: Uburwayi buhoraho bugira ingaruka ku bikorwa bya buri munsi

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, ingaruka zikomeye zishobora kubaho harimo ubumuga bukomeye niba ibice byinshi by’ubwonko bigirwaho ingaruka kenshi. Bamwe mu bantu bashobora kugira imihindagurikire isaba kuvurwa buri gihe.

Inkuru nziza ni uko, hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye, abantu benshi bafite MOGAD barakira neza kandi bashobora gusubira mu bikorwa byabo bisanzwe. Kuvurwa hakiri kare no kuvurwa neza byongera cyane ibyiza kandi bigabanya ibyago by’ingaruka.

Ese MOGAD ishobora gukumirwa?

Ikibabaje ni uko nta buryo bwo gukumira MOGAD tuzi kuko tutabona neza icyatuma ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri butangira. Ariko rero, ushobora gufata ingamba zo kwita ku buzima bwawe muri rusange kandi ukagabanya uburemere bw’ibice.

Kugira ubuzima bwiza muri rusange binyuze mu myitozo ngororamubiri, ibitotsi bihagije, no gucunga umuvuduko bishobora gufasha kwita ku budahangarwa bwawe. Bamwe mu bantu basanga kwirinda ibintu bizwi, nka zimwe mu ndwara, bishobora kubafasha.

Niba umaze kuvurwa MOGAD, gukorana n’itsinda ry’ubuvuzi bwawe kugira ngo ukurebe ibimenyetso bya mbere byo gusubiramo ni ingenzi. Bashobora kugutegeka gukora isuzuma rya buri gihe no gupima amaraso kugira ngo bakurikirane urwego rw’antikorps za MOG.

Kuguma ufite inkingo zigezweho, nk’uko muganga wawe abigutegeka, bishobora gufasha gukumira indwara zishobora gutera ibice. Ariko rero, banira ibibazo byose by’inkingo n’abaganga bawe, kuko bashobora kugira inama y’icyo ari cyo cyiza kuri wewe.

Ese MOGAD ipima ite?

Gupima MOGAD bisaba intambwe nyinshi kuko ibimenyetso bishobora kumera nk’iby’izindi ndwara z’ubwonko. Muganga wawe azatangira asuzumye amateka yawe y’ubuzima n’isuzuma ry’umubiri, akaba maso ku buhanga bwawe n’imikorere y’ubwonko.

Isuzuma nyamukuru ni isuzuma ry’amaraso rishaka antikorps za MOG. Iri suzuma rigaragaza neza MOGAD kandi rifasha kuyitandukanya n’izindi ndwara zisa nka sclerosis nyinshi cyangwa neuromyelitis optica.

Muganga wawe azakora kandi isuzumwa ry’ubwonko n’umugongo wawe hakoreshejwe MRI kugira ngo arebe ibice byabyimbye. Aya mashusho ashobora kugaragaza uburyo bw’ibimenyetso bishyigikira ubuvuzi bwa MOGAD kandi afasha gukuraho izindi ndwara.

Ibisuzumwa by’inyongera bishobora kuba harimo gucukura umwimerere w’umugongo kugira ngo usuzume amazi yo mu mugongo, ibizamini by’ubuhanga kugira ngo usuzume impinduka z’ubuhanga, kandi rimwe na rimwe ibisuzumwa by’inyongera by’amaraso kugira ngo ukureho izindi ndwara z’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri.

Kubona ubuvuzi nyabwo bishobora gutwara igihe, kandi ushobora kuba ukeneye kubona abaganga babishoboye nka neurologists cyangwa neuro-ophthalmologists. Ubu buryo burambuye bufasha kubona ubuvuzi bukwiye kuri wewe.

Ese MOGAD ivurwa ite?

Ubuvuzi bwa MOGAD bugamije kugabanya kubyimba mu gihe cy’ibice bikomeye no gukumira ibitero by’ejo hazaza. Uburyo bwo kuvura biterwa n’uburemere bw’ibimenyetso byawe n’ibice by’ubwonko bwawe byagizweho ingaruka.

Ku bice bikomeye, muganga wawe azakwandikira imiti ikomeye yo kurwanya kubyimba, ikunze gutangwa mu buryo bwa intravenous mu minsi mike. Iyi miti ikomeye yo kurwanya kubyimba ishobora gufasha kugabanya kubyimba no gukumira kwangirika kw’ubwonko bwawe.

Niba imiti yo kurwanya kubyimba idakora cyangwa niba ufite ibimenyetso bikomeye, ubundi buvuzi bushobora kuba:

• Plasma exchange: Ikura antikorps mu maraso yawe
• Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG): Ifasha kugenzura ubwirinzi bwawe
• Imiti yo kurwanya ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri: Nka rituximab cyangwa mycophenolate
• Ubuvuzi bwo kubungabunga: Kugira ngo bikumire ibice by’ejo hazaza

Abantu benshi bafite MOGAD bakeneye ubuvuzi buhoraho kugira ngo bakumire gusubiramo, cyane cyane niba baragize ibice byinshi. Muganga wawe azakorana nawe kugira ngo abone uburyo bukwiye hagati yo gukumira ibitero no kugabanya ingaruka z’imiti.

Uburyo bwo kuvura buhinduka cyane, kandi icyakora neza gishobora gutandukana uko umuntu atandukanye. Gukurikirana buri gihe bifasha itsinda ry’ubuvuzi bwawe guhindura imiti uko bikenewe.

Uko wakwitwara muri MOGAD iwawe

Kwitwara muri MOGAD iwawe bisobanura kwita ku buzima bwawe muri rusange ukurikira ibimenyetso by’ibimenyetso bishya. Kuguma ufite imiti yawe ni intambwe ikomeye ushobora gufata.

Komeza ibitabo by’ibimenyetso kugira ngo ukurebe impinduka zose mu buhanga bwawe, imbaraga, cyangwa ibindi bimenyetso by’ubwonko. Aya makuru afasha itsinda ry’ubuvuzi bwawe gufata ibyemezo byiza ku buvuzi bwawe.

Fata umwanya wo kuryama bihagije, kurya indyo yuzuye, no kuguma ukora imyitozo ngororamubiri uko ubuzima bwawe bubikwemerera. Imikino yoroheje ishobora gufasha kubungabunga imbaraga zawe no kugira ubushobozi bwo kugenda uko ubuzima bwawe bubikwemerera.

Uburyo bwo gucunga umuvuduko nko gutekereza, guhumeka cyane, cyangwa inama zishobora gufasha, kuko umuvuduko ushobora gutera ibice mu bantu bamwe. Ntugatinye gusaba ubufasha ku muryango, inshuti, cyangwa amatsinda y’ubufasha.

Kora uburyo bwo kubona ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa niba bikenewe, kandi komeza amakuru y’itsinda ry’ubuvuzi bwawe. Bamwe mu bantu basanga ari byiza gutwara ikarita y’ubuvuzi isobanura uko bahagaze.

Uko wakwitegura gusura muganga wawe

Kwitoza gusura muganga wawe bishobora gufasha kugira ngo ugire ibyiza byinshi mu ruzinduko rwawe. Tangira wandike ibimenyetso byawe byose, harimo igihe byatangiye, igihe byamaze, n’icyo byabayeho cyangwa byabayeho.

Zana urutonde rwuzuye rw’imiti yawe, harimo ingano, n’ibindi byongera imbaraga ufata. Nanone, komeza ibisubizo by’ibizamini byabanje, amashusho ya MRI, cyangwa impapuro z’ubuvuzi zifitanye isano n’ubuzima bwawe.

Tegura urutonde rw’ibibazo ku buvuzi bwawe, uburyo bwo kuvura, ingaruka zishoboka, n’icyo utegereje mu gihe kiri imbere. Ntugatinye kubabaza ibibazo byinshi – itsinda ry’ubuvuzi bwawe rishaka kugufasha gusobanukirwa uko uhagaze.

Tegereza kuzana umuntu wo mu muryango cyangwa inshuti kugira ngo igufashe kwibuka amakuru akomeye yavuzwe mu gihe cy’isura. Bashobora kandi gutanga ubufasha bw’amarangamutima no guharanira ibyo ukeneye.

Andika impungenge zose ku bikorwa byawe bya buri munsi, akazi, cyangwa ubuzima bw’umuryango bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe. Muganga wawe ashobora kugira inama ku gucunga ibi bintu by’ibanze byo kubaho ufite MOGAD.

Icyo wakuramo kuri MOGAD

MOGAD ni indwara idasanzwe ariko ivurwa y’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri ikunda kwibasira ubuhanga bwawe n’ubwonko bwawe. Nubwo kubona iyi ndwara bishobora gutera ubwoba, abantu benshi bafite MOGAD babaho ubuzima buhamye, buhamye bafashijwe n’ubuvuzi bukwiye no gukurikirana.

Ikintu gikomeye cyo kwibuka ni uko kuvurwa hakiri kare no kuvurwa neza byongera cyane ibyiza. Hamwe n’ubumenyi bw’ubu kuri MOGAD n’ubuvuzi buhari, abantu benshi barakira neza hagati y’ibice.

Gukorana n’itsinda ry’ubuvuzi bwawe, kuguma ufite imiti, no gukurikirana ibimenyetso bishya ni ingenzi mu gucunga iyi ndwara neza. Ntugatinye gusaba ubufasha igihe ubishaka.

Ibuka ko ubushakashatsi kuri MOGAD burakomeje, kandi ubuvuzi bushya burimo gukorwa. Ibyo bitanga icyizere cy’ibyiza kurushaho mu gihe kiri imbere ku bantu bafite iyi ndwara.

Ibibazo byakunda kubazwa kuri MOGAD

Ese MOGAD isa na sclerosis nyinshi?

Oya, MOGAD na sclerosis nyinshi ni indwara zitandukanye, nubwo zishobora kugira ibimenyetso bisa. MOGAD igaragaza antikorps kuri poroteyine ya MOG, naho MS igaragaza imikorere itandukanye y’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri. MOGAD muri rusange ifite ibyiza byinshi kandi isubiza neza mu buvuzi. Muganga wawe ashobora kubitandukanya hakoreshejwe ibizamini byihariye by’amaraso n’uburyo bwa MRI.

Ese nzakenera gufata imiti ubuzima bwanjye bwose?

Si ngombwa. Igihe cyo kuvurwa gitandukana cyane hagati y’abantu bafite MOGAD. Bamwe mu bantu bakeneye imiti yo kubungabunga kugira ngo bakumire gusubiramo, naho abandi bashobora gukenera kuvurwa gusa mu gihe cy’ibice bikomeye. Muganga wawe azakora isuzuma rya buri gihe kandi ashobora guhindura cyangwa guhagarika imiti bitewe n’uko usubiza n’urwego rw’antikorps uko igihe gihita.

Ese MOGAD ishobora kugira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwanjye bwo gukora cyangwa kujya kwiga?

Ingaruka za MOGAD ku kazi cyangwa kwiga biterwa n’ibimenyetso byawe n’uko bigengwa neza hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi. Abantu benshi bafite MOGAD bakomeza ibikorwa byabo bisanzwe bafite ubufasha niba bikenewe. Ibibazo by’ubuhanga bishobora gusaba impinduka ku kazi, naho ibimenyetso byo mu bwenge bishobora kugira ingaruka ku gufata ibintu mu mutwe. Banira impungenge zawe n’itsinda ry’ubuvuzi bwawe kandi utekereze ku kuvurwa n’umuganga w’umwuga niba bikenewe.

Ese MOGAD irerwa mu muryango?

MOGAD ntabwo ikunze kurerwa mu miryango, nubwo hashobora kuba hari ibintu by’umurage byongera ubushobozi. Kugira umuntu wo mu muryango ufite MOGAD ntibyongera cyane ibyago byawe, kandi abantu benshi bafite MOGAD ntabwo bafite abavandimwe barwaye. Ariko rero, kugira abavandimwe bafite izindi ndwara z’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri bishobora kongera gato ibyago byo kurwara indwara z’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri muri rusange.

Ese abana bafite MOGAD bashobora kubaho ubuzima busanzwe?

Yego, abana benshi bafite MOGAD bashobora kubaho ubuzima busanzwe, buzima, bafashijwe n’ubuvuzi bukwiye. Abana bakunda gukira neza mu bice bya MOGAD, kandi benshi barakira burundu. Kuvurwa hakiri kare no kuvurwa neza ni ingenzi cyane mu bana kugira ngo bikumire ingaruka zishobora kugira ingaruka ku iterambere ryabo. Korana n’abaganga b’abana kugira ngo umwana wawe abone ubufasha bukwiye n’ubufasha.