Mogad

Indwara ifitanye isano na antikorora ya myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, izwi kandi nka MOGAD, ni indwara y'uburambuye idasanzwe ikubita urubuga rw'imikorere y'ubwonko. Muri MOGAD, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bugaba igitero ku kintu kimeze nk'amavuta gikingira imitsi y'ubwonko mu mitsi y'amaso, mu bwonko no mu mugongo.

Ibimenyetso bya MOGAD bishobora kuba birimo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona, intege nke z'imitsi, gukomera cyangwa ubugufi, guhuzagurika, gufata ibitero by'indwara z'ubwonko, no kubabara umutwe. Aya bimenyetso rimwe na rimwe ashobora kuvanga n'izindi ndwara nka sclerosis nyinshi.

Nta muti uwo ari wo wose uravura MOGAD. Ariko, hari uburyo bwo kuvura bufasha kwihutisha gukira nyuma y'ibitero, gucunga ibimenyetso no kugabanya ibyago byo kugaruka kw'ibimenyetso.

MOGAD itera ububabare n'ubwuzi, bizwi nka kuba umubiri ufite umuriro. Ibimenyetso biterwa no gutera kw'ibi bikurikira: Kwibasira kw'umutima w'ijisho. Bizwi nka neuriti y'ijisho, iyi ndwara ishobora gutera gutakaza imbonankubone mu jisho rimwe cyangwa mu yombi, ndetse n'ububabare bw'amaso bukaza iyo umuntu yimutsa amaso. Neuriti y'ijisho mu bana ishobora kwitiranywa n'uburwayi bw'umutwe. Kwibasira kw'umugongo. Bizwi nka myeliti y'umuhanda, iyi ndwara ishobora gutera intege nke mu biganza cyangwa mu birenge, gukomera kw'imikaya, cyangwa ubugufi. Ishobora kandi gutera gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kumva, ndetse n'impinduka mu mirimo y'amara, umwanya w'inkari, cyangwa imibonano mpuzabitsina. Kwibasira ubwonko n'umugongo. Bizwi nka encephalomyelitis ikwirakwira cyane, izwi kandi nka ADEM, iyi ndwara ishobora gutera gutakaza imbonankubone, intege nke, kugenda bidashira, no gucika intege. ADEM igaragara cyane mu bana bafite MOGAD. Ibindi bimenyetso bya MOGAD bishobora kuba birimo: Kugwa mu rujijo. Uburwayi bw'umutwe. Umuhango. Bamwe mu bantu bafite MOGAD bagira igitero kimwe gusa cy'ibimenyetso. Ibi bizwi nka MOGAD ya monophasic kandi birakomeye kurushaho. Ariko kandi, bamwe bagira ibitero byinshi, bizwi nka MOGAD isubira. Ibitero bisanzwe bitangira mu minsi mike kandi bishobora kuba bikomeye kandi bigatuma umuntu adashobora gukora imirimo ye. Ubumuga busanzwe burakaza uko ibitero byiyongera. Kugira ngo umuntu akire ibitero bishobora kumara ibyumweru cyangwa amezi. Reba muganga cyangwa undi muhanga mu buvuzi niba ufite ibyo bimenyetso byavuzwe haruguru ku mpamvu utazi.

Gira inama muganga cyangwa undi mwuga wo kwita ku buzima niba ufite kimwe mu bimenyetso byavuzwe haruguru ku mpamvu utazi.

Intandaro ya MOGAD ntiiramenyekana. Ni indwara iterwa no kudakora neza kw'umubiri aho ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bugaba igitero ku mubiri wabwo. Mu bantu barwaye MOGAD, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri burakonja ikinyabutabire gifite amavuta cyitwa myelin. Myelin ikingira kandi ikarinda uturemangingo tw'imijyana mu muyoboro w'amaso, mu bwonko no mu mugongo.

Ubwonko butuma ubutumwa bujya mu uturemangingo tw'imijyana tubufasha kubwira ibice by'umubiri icyo bikora. Iyo myelin yangiritse kandi uturemangingo tw'imijyana tukagaragara, ubutumwa bushobora kugenda buhoro cyangwa bugakingirwa. Ibi bivuze ko ibice by'umubiri bitazakora neza.

Akenshi MOGAD ivurwa nabi nk'izindi ndwara zigaba igitero kuri myelin kandi zigatuma ibimenyetso bisa. Ishobora kwitiranywa na sclerosis nyinshi, izwi nka MS. Cyangwa ishobora kwitiranywa n'uburwayi bwitwa neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, izwi kandi nka NMOSD.

MOGAD itandukanye na MS na NMOSD kuko igitero cya mbere cya MOGAD gisanzwe ari cyo gikomeye, ariko abantu barwaye iyo ndwara bashobora gukira neza. MOGAD kandi imenyekana mu buryo butandukanye, hakoreshejwe ibisubizo bya MRI n'ibipimo by'amaraso. Abantu barwaye MS na NMOSD basanzwe bagira ibitero byinshi, mu gihe hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'abantu barwaye MOGAD bagira igitero kimwe gusa.

Ibi bintu bishobora kongera ibyago byo kwibasirwa na MOGAD:

• Imyaka. Abana n'abakuze bakiri bato bafite amahirwe menshi yo kwibasirwa na MOGAD.
• Ubwandu bushya cyangwa inkingo. MOGAD ishobora kuza nyuma y'indwara cyangwa inkingo, urugero nka SARS-CoV-2.

Ingaruka za MOGAD ziterwa n'ibitero ku kintu kimeze nk'amavuta gikingira imiyoboro y'imiterere y'amaherere mu mitsi y'amaso, mu bwonko no mu mugongo. Igitero cya mbere gisanzwe ari cyo kibi kurusha ibindi, ariko buri gitero gishobora gutera ibindi byangirika. Zimwe mu ngaruka zishoboka zirimo:

• Ubumuga buhoraho mu biganza no mu birenge.
• Ibibazo by'ibihaha n'umutwe igihe kirekire.
• Ubuhumyi mu jisho rimwe cyangwa mu yombi.
• Kugira ikibazo mu kuvuga, kwibuka no gutekereza.

Ubuvuzi bwa MOGAD na bwo bushobora gutera ingaruka. Gukoresha imiti imwe igihe kirekire bishobora gutera:

• Indwara zandura.
• Lymphoma cyangwa kanseri y'uruhu.
• Gutinda gukura mu bana.
• Kubabara umutwe.
• Gusinzira kw'impyiko.

Itsinda ryanyu ry'ubuvuzi rizabakorera hamwe kugira ngo mufatire umwanzuro ku bijyanye n'uburyo bwiza bwo kuvurwa n'igihe cyo kubukomeza.

Umuhanga mu buvuzi asuzumana ibimenyetso urimo guhura nabyo kandi ashobora gukora isuzuma rya physique kugira ngo arebe ibimenyetso bya MOGAD.

MOGAD isanzwe imenyekana nyuma yo kwemeza ibintu bibiri. Abahanga mu buvuzi bemeza ko ibimenyetso byatewe n'uburyo bwa kasho busanzwe, nko kwishima kw'imisaya, myelitis transverse cyangwa acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). MOGAD kandi imenyekana nyuma yo kubona antikorps ya MOG mu maraso cyangwa mu mvoyere y'umugongo.

Ibi bintu bibiri bishobora kwemezwa hifashishijwe imikorere mike, irimo:

• Isuzuma rya antikorps ya MOG rikoresheje uburyo bwa selile. Iki kizamini kireba selile zifite MOG ku mubiri wazo kugira ngo harebwe niba antikorps ya MOG iboneka mu maraso. Iki kizamini gifatwa nk'icy'ingenzi mu isuzuma rya MOGAD, ariko hariho amahirwe yo kubona ibisubizo bitari byo. Ukwirinda ni ngombwa niba ibimenyetso bitari ibisanzwe cyangwa bisa n'iby'izindi ndwara, nko gucika kw'ubwonko.
• Gucukura umugongo. Bita kandi lumbar puncture, ubu buryo bukuramo igice gito cy'umusemburo w'umugongo kugira ngo usuzumwe. Icyo kigero gishobora kwerekana niba hari umubare munini w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso yera. Ibi biterwa n'uburwayi kandi ni bimenyetso bisanzwe muri MOGAD. Gucukura umugongo bishobora kandi gushaka ubwoko bw'imyunyu y'amaprotéine mu mvoyere y'umugongo yitwa oligoclonal bands. Izi bandes zirakunda kugaragara mu gucika kw'ubwonko kandi bishobora gufasha gutandukanya indwara zombi.
• Ibizamini byo kubona amashusho. Ushobora kuba ukeneye MRI y'ubwonko, umugongo n'umutsi w'amaso. Aya mashusho ashobora kwerekana ibice bidasanzwe ku bwonko no ku mugongo, bitwa lesions, no kwishima kw'umutsi w'amaso.
• Isuzuma ry'amaso. Isuzuma ry'amaso, ryitwa optical coherence tomography, rishobora gufasha kuvura MOGAD. Iki kizamini kigaragaza imiterere y'igice cy'ijisho cyitwa retina. Mu gihe cy'ibibazo byo kwishima kw'imisaya, retina ikunda kuba ikomeye kurusha ibisanzwe. Nyuma y'ibi bibazo, kwangirika kw'uturemangingo tw'imitsi muri retina bituma retina igabanuka.

Isuzuma rya antikorps ya MOG si iryo kwizerwa buri gihe. Rimwe na rimwe abantu bazima cyangwa abantu barwaye izindi ndwara bashobora kugira antikorps za MOG ku rugero ruto. Ikipe yawe y'ubuvuzi ikoresha ibisubizo byawe by'isuzuma kugira ngo yemeze ko nta kindi kintu gitera ibimenyetso byawe.