Indwara ya Kanseri y’Akanwa ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n’Ubuvuzi

Kanseri y’akanwa, izwi kandi nka kanseri yo mu kanwa, ibaho iyo uturemangingo two mu kanwa twaguka mu buryo budasanzwe maze tugakora udukoko. Ubu bwoko bwa kanseri bushobora kuba aho ari ho hose mu kanwa kawe, harimo iminwa, ururimi, umunwa, amasura, cyangwa hejuru n’hepfo y’akanwa.

Nubwo kumva ibyerekeye kanseri iyo ari yo yose bishobora gutera ubwoba, kanseri y’akanwa ikunda kuvurwa iyo imenyekanye hakiri kare. Gusobanukirwa ibimenyetso no kumenya igihe ukwiye gushaka ubufasha bishobora kugira uruhare rukomeye mu rugendo rwawe rw’ubuzima.

Indwara ya Kanseri y’Akanwa ni iki?

Kanseri y’akanwa ibaho iyo uturemangingo bisanzwe biri mu kibaya cy’akanwa bigiye guhinduka kandi bikavuka mu buryo budakozwe. Ibi biremangingo bidakozwe bishobora gukora ibintu, ibisebe, cyangwa ibice bidakira ubwabyo.

Ubwoko bwakunze kugaragara ni kanseri y’uturemangingo twa squamous, itangira mu turemangingo duto, dufite ubuso butoroshye bukingira imbere y’akanwa kawe. Tekereza kuri ibyo biremangingo nk’urwego ruringaniye rw’imbere y’isura yawe ushobora kuruma rimwe na rimwe.

Kanseri y’akanwa ishobora kugaragara mu bice bitandukanye by’ikibaya cy’akanwa. Ishobora kuba ku rurimi rwawe, ari rwo hantu ikunze kuba, cyangwa ishobora kuba ku minwa yawe, umunwa, cyangwa mu mitsi yumucyo iri mu masura.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya Kanseri y’Akanwa?

Ibimenyetso bya mbere bya kanseri y’akanwa bishobora kuba bito kandi bishobora kugaragara nk’ibibazo bisanzwe by’akanwa. Ariko rero, kwita ku mpinduka zitagenda ni ingenzi ku buzima bwawe.

Dore ibimenyetso ukwiye kwitondera:

• Isebe cyangwa igisebe mu kanwa kawe kidakira nyuma y’ibyumweru bibiri
• Igice cy’umutuku cyangwa icyera ku rurimi rwawe, umunwa, cyangwa imbere y’akanwa
• Igituntu cyangwa ikintu gikomeye mu isura yawe ushobora kumva n’ururimi rwawe
• Kubabara mu kanwa cyangwa ku rurimi igihe kirekire
• Kugira ikibazo cyo kwishima cyangwa kumva nk’aho hari ikintu gifunze mu muhogo
• Kubabara mu kanwa cyangwa ku rurimi
• Amenyo adakomeye nta mpamvu isobanutse
• Impinduka mu ijwi ryawe cyangwa mu kuvuga
• Impumuro mbi y’akanwa idakira nubwo ukoresha isuku nziza y’amenyo
• Igituntu mu ijosi ritagenda

Bamwe mu bantu bagira ibimenyetso bitakunze kugaragara nko kubabara mu menyo, kubabara mu gutwi, cyangwa kugira ikibazo cyo kugerageza umunwa cyangwa ururimi. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora gutera ikibazo mu bikorwa bya buri munsi nko kurya cyangwa kuvuga.

Wibuke ko kugira ibi bimenyetso ntibisobanura ko ufite kanseri. Ibibazo byinshi by’akanwa bishobora gutera ibimenyetso nk’ibi, ariko buri gihe ni byiza ko impinduka zikomeza kugenzurwa n’umuganga.

Ni ibihe bwoko bya Kanseri y’Akanwa?

Kanseri y’akanwa ifite ubwoko butandukanye, bitewe n’uturemangingo tuba kanseri. Gusobanukirwa ubwoko bwabyo bishobora kugufasha kugira ibiganiro byinshi n’itsinda ryawe ry’abaganga.

Kanseri y’uturemangingo twa squamous igize hafi 90% ya kanseri y’akanwa. Ubwoko bw’iyi kanseri butangira mu turemangingo duto, dufite ubuso butoroshye bukingira imbere y’akanwa kawe, nk’uko impapuro z’ubushushanyo zikingira icyumba.

Ubundi bwoko budakunze kugaragara harimo adenocarcinoma, itangira mu mitsi y’amashyira, na lymphoma, igira ingaruka ku mitsi y’ubwirinzi mu kanwa kawe. Melanoma nayo ishobora kuba mu kanwa, itangira mu turemangingo dukora ibara.

Verrucous carcinoma ni ubundi bwoko buke cyane bukura buhoro buhoro kandi bufite isura nk’iy’ibisebe. Nubwo idakabije nk’ubundi bwoko, ikeneye ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Ni iki gituma haba Kanseri y’Akanwa?

Kanseri y’akanwa ibaho iyo hari ikintu kibangamiye ADN iri mu turemangingo two mu kanwa kawe, bigatuma ikura mu buryo budakozwe. Nubwo tutazi impamvu ibyo bibaho, hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kongera ibyago byawe.

Intandaro nyamukuru n’ibyago birimo:

• Kunywa itabi mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose, harimo isigareti, sigari, iduka, n’itabi ryo kunywa
• Kunywamo inzoga nyinshi, cyane cyane iyo zifatanije n’itabi
• Dukoko rya papillomavirus (HPV), cyane cyane HPV-16
• Kwiyereka izuba cyane ku minwa yawe imyaka myinshi
• Isuku mbi y’amenyo n’ubuzima bw’amenyo bubi
• Ibiryo bike by’imbuto n’imboga
• Kubabara igihe kirekire biturutse ku menyo akomeye, ibikoresho by’amenyo, cyangwa ukuruma isura yawe kenshi
• Imyaka, kuko kanseri nyinshi z’akanwa ziba mu bantu barengeje imyaka 40
• Igitsina, abagabo bafite ibyago bibiri byo kurwara kanseri y’akanwa kurusha abagore
• Ibintu by’umuzuko n’amateka y’umuryango

Zimwe mu ntandaro nke zirimo kwibasirwa na chemicals zimwe na zimwe cyangwa imirasire, indwara zifata ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri, n’indwara z’umuzuko zirakomoka. Kunywa imbuto za betel, bikunze kubaho mu mico imwe na imwe, byongera cyane ibyago.

Ni ingenzi kumenya ko kugira ibyago ntibisobanura ko uzabona kanseri y’akanwa. Abantu benshi bafite ibyago ntibabona kanseri, mu gihe abandi badafite ibyago bizwi bayibona.

Ni ryari ukwiye kubona umuganga kubera Kanseri y’Akanwa?

Ukwiye kubona umuganga cyangwa umunyamamenyo niba ubona impinduka mu kanwa kawe zikomeza igihe kirekire kurusha ibyumweru bibiri. Kumenya hakiri kare bishobora kugira uruhare rukomeye mu gutsinda ubuvuzi n’umusaruro wawe muri rusange.

Tegura gahunda yawe vuba niba ufite igisebe, igituntu, cyangwa igice mu kanwa kawe kidakira. Mushake ubufasha kandi niba ufite ububabare buhoraho, ikibazo cyo kwishima, cyangwa impinduka mu ijwi ryawe.

Ntugatege amatwi niba ubona igituntu mu ijosi ryawe, cyane cyane niba kitababara kandi ntikigende nyuma y’ibyumweru bike. Rimwe na rimwe, kanseri y’akanwa ikwirakwira mu mitsi y’umubiri mbere y’uko ubona ibibazo mu kanwa kawe.

Niba unywa itabi cyangwa inzoga buri gihe, tekereza ku kujya gusuzuma amenyo yawe kenshi. Umunyamamenyo wawe ashobora kubona impinduka za mbere mu gihe cy’isuzuma rusange udashobora kubona.

Ni ibihe byago bya Kanseri y’Akanwa?

Gusobanukirwa ibyago byawe bishobora kugufasha gufata ibyemezo byinshi bijyanye n’ubuzima bwawe n’imibereho yawe. Nubwo hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe bitashobora guhinduka, ibindi biri mu bubasha bwawe.

Ibyago bikomeye ushobora kugenzura birimo:

• Kunywa itabi, byongera ibyago byawe inshuro 5 kugeza kuri 25 bitewe n’uko ubyunzwe
• Kunywamo inzoga, cyane cyane kurusha icyayi kimwe ku munsi ku bagore cyangwa bibiri ku bagabo
• Isuku mbi y’amenyo no kudakora isuku y’amenyo kenshi
• Ibiryo bike by’imbuto n’imboga
• Kwiyereka izuba cyane nta kurinda iminwa

Ibyago udashobora kugenzura birimo:

• Imyaka, aho ibimenyetso byinshi biba nyuma y’imyaka 40
• Igitsina, kuko abagabo barwara kanseri y’akanwa kabiri kurusha abagore
• Dukoko rya HPV, nubwo inkingo zishobora gufasha gukumira amwe mu moko
• Amateka y’umuryango wa kanseri
• Indwara zimwe na zimwe z’umuzuko

Kugira ibyago byinshi bishobora kongera amahirwe yawe yo kurwara kanseri y’akanwa. Urugero, abantu bahumeka itabi kandi banywa inzoga nyinshi bafite ibyago byinshi kurusha abantu bakora kimwe muri ibyo cyangwa batabikora.

Ni ibihe bibazo bishoboka bya Kanseri y’Akanwa?

Kanseri y’akanwa ishobora gutera ibibazo bitandukanye, byaba biturutse kuri kanseri ubwayo cyangwa ubuvuzi. Gusobanukirwa ibyo bishoboka bishobora kugufasha gukorana n’itsinda ryawe ry’abaganga kugira ngo mubigenzure neza.

Ibibazo by’umubiri bishobora kuba:

• Ikibazo cyo kurya, kwishima, cyangwa kuvuga
• Impinduka mu isura yawe, cyane cyane niba ukeneye kubagwa
• Umunwa wumye ukomoka ku kurasa cyangwa kubagwa
• Ibibazo by’amenyo no kubura amenyo
• Kwirawira kwa kanseri mu mitsi y’umubiri cyangwa mu bindi bice by’umubiri wawe
• Dukoko aho ubuvuzi bwabereye
• Ikibazo cyo guhumeka niba kanseri igira ingaruka ku muhogo wawe

Bamwe mu bantu bagira ibibazo bike nko gukomeretsa cyane, kwangirika burundu kw’imitsi igira uruhare mu mikorere y’isura, cyangwa ibibazo bijyanye n’imikorere y’amenyo. Ibi bikunze kubaho iyo kanseri iba ikomeye cyangwa ubuvuzi bukabije.

Ingaruka zo mu mutwe ntizikwiye kwirengagizwa. Abantu benshi bumva bafite impungenge, agahinda, cyangwa ubwoba ku isura yabo cyangwa ubushobozi bwabo bwo gutumanaho uko bisanzwe. Ibyo byiyumvo bisobanuka kandi bivurwa.

Itsinda ryawe ry’abaganga rishobora gufasha gukumira cyangwa gucunga ibibazo byinshi. Ubuvuzi bwa hakiri kare busanzwe butera ibibazo bike kandi bidakabije muri rusange.

Kanseri y’Akanwa ishobora kwirindwa gute?

Nubwo udashobora gukumira kanseri yose y’akanwa, ushobora kugabanya cyane ibyago byayo ukora amahitamo y’imibereho myiza. Impinduka nto mu myitwarire yawe ya buri munsi zishobora kugira uruhare rukomeye mu gihe.

Ingamba zikomeye zo kwirinda zirimo:

• Kwirinda ibicuruzwa byose by’itabi, harimo isigareti, sigari, iduka, n’itabi ryo kunywa
• Kugabanya kunywa inzoga ku rugero rw’uburinganire cyangwa kubyirinda burundu
• Kurya ibiryo byinshi by’imbuto n’imboga
• Gukora isuku nziza y’amenyo no gukoresha umugozi wo gukuraho ibyondo
• Kujya gusuzuma amenyo yawe kenshi no kuyasukura
• Kurinda iminwa yawe izuba ukoresheje lip balm ifite SPF
• Kwikingiza HPV niba ubishoboye
• Gusana amenyo akomeye cyangwa abuze kugira ngo udakomeretsa umunwa wawe kenshi

Niba ukoresha itabi ubu, kureka ni intambwe ikomeye ushobora gutera. Nubwo waba umaze imyaka myinshi ukoresha itabi, kureka ubu bishobora kugabanya ibyago byawe cyane.

Kwiyigenzura kenshi bishobora kandi gufasha mu kumenya hakiri kare. Rimwe mu kwezi, reba mu ndorerwamo maze usuzume umunwa wawe urebe impinduka, ibisebe, cyangwa ibice bidasanzwe.

Kanseri y’Akanwa imenyekana ite?

Kumenya kanseri y’akanwa bisanzwe bitangira ku isuzuma ry’umubiri rikorewe n’umuganga wawe cyangwa umunyamamenyo. Bazareba neza mu kanwa kawe, mu muhogo, no mu ijosi kugira ngo basuzume ibice bidasanzwe cyangwa ibituntu.

Umuganga wawe azakubaza ibibazo bijyanye n’ibimenyetso byawe, amateka yawe y’ubuzima, n’ibyago nko kunywa itabi cyangwa inzoga. Azasuzumana kandi umunwa wawe akoresheje umucyo n’indorerwamo nto kugira ngo abone neza ibice byose.

Niba basanze hari ikintu kibangamiye, intambwe ikurikira ni ugusuzumisha igice cy’umubiri. Muri ubu buryo, igice gito cy’umubiri gikurwaho maze kigenzurwa hakoreshejwe mikoroskopi kugira ngo harebwe niba hari uturemangingo twa kanseri.

Ibizamini byongeyeho bishobora kuba ibizamini by’amashusho nka CT scan, MRI, cyangwa PET scan kugira ngo harebwe niba kanseri yarakwirakwiye. Ibi bizamini bifasha kumenya icyiciro cya kanseri no gutegura uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura.

Bamwe mu baganga bakoresha amatara cyangwa amabara yihariye kugira ngo bafashe kumenya ibice bidasanzwe mu gihe cy’isuzuma. Ibi bikoresho bishobora gutuma ibice bikekwaho kugaragara neza kandi bigatuma bashobora gufata ibice byo gusuzuma.

Ubuvuzi bwa Kanseri y’Akanwa ni buhe?

Ubuvuzi bwa kanseri y’akanwa bushingiye ku bintu bitandukanye, harimo ubunini n’aho udukoko duherereye, niba twarakwirakwiye, n’ubuzima bwawe muri rusange. Itsinda ryawe ry’abaganga rizategura gahunda y’ubuvuzi ikugenewe.

Uburyo nyamukuru bwo kuvura burimo:

• Kubaga kugira ngo bakureho udukoko rimwe na rimwe n’imitsi y’umubiri iri hafi
• Ubuvuzi bwo kurasa kugira ngo baharire uturemangingo twa kanseri hakoreshejwe imirasire ikomeye
• Ubuvuzi bwa chimiothérapie hakoreshejwe imiti yo kwica uturemangingo twa kanseri mu mubiri wawe wose
• Imiti yibasira ibintu byihariye by’uturemangingo twa kanseri
• Immunothérapie gufasha ubudahangarwa bwawe guhangana na kanseri

Abantu benshi bakira ubuvuzi butandukanye. Urugero, ushobora kubagwa ukakurikirwa no kurasa, cyangwa chimiothérapie ifatanije no kurasa.

Kanseri y’akanwa yo mu cyiciro cya mbere ikunda gusaba ubuvuzi buke kandi ifite umusaruro mwiza. Kanseri ikomeye ishobora gukenera uburyo bukabije bwo kuvura, ariko uburyo bwiza buracyaboneka.

Itsinda ryawe ry’abaganga rizaba rifite abaganga batandukanye nka ba chirurgiens, oncologues, abaganga bakora ubuvuzi bwo kurasa, n’abaganga bashinzwe ubufasha bakorana kugira ngo baguhe ubuvuzi bwiza.

Uko wakwitaho iwawe mu gihe ufite Kanseri y’Akanwa

Kwitaho kanseri y’akanwa iwawe birimo kwita ku buzima bwawe mu gihe cy’ubuvuzi no gukira. Kwita ku buzima bwawe neza bishobora kugufasha kumva umeze neza no gukira vuba.

Kubita ku kanwa mu gihe cy’ubuvuzi:

• Koga umunwa wawe buhoro buhoro n’amazi ashyushye inshuro nyinshi ku munsi
• Koresha ijisho ry’amenyo riyoroshye n’amavuta y’amenyo aroroshye
• Kwirinda amavuta y’amenyo arimo inzoga
• Kunywa amazi menshi ukoresheje amazi igihe cyose
• Kurya ibiryo byoroshye, biringaniye bidakomeretsa umunwa wawe
• Kwirinda ibiryo birimo ibinyomoro, acide, cyangwa bikomeye

Guhangana n’ububabare iwawe bishobora kuba gufata imiti yagenewe n’umuganga uko yabitegetse no gukoresha ubukonje cyangwa ibiryo bikonje kugira ngo uhuze umunwa wawe. Bamwe mu bantu basanga kunywa popsicles zidafite isukari bifasha mu kubabara.

Ibiryo biba ingenzi cyane mu gihe cy’ubuvuzi. Korana n’umuganga w’ibiryo kugira ngo ube wizeye ko ubona ibiryo n’imirire ihagije, nubwo kurya bigoye.

Ntuzuyaze kuvugana n’itsinda ryawe ry’abaganga niba ufite ububabare bukabije, ibimenyetso by’udukoko, ikibazo cyo kwishima, cyangwa ibindi bimenyetso bibangamiye. Bahari kugufasha mu ntambwe zose z’ubuvuzi bwawe.

Uko wakwitegura gahunda yawe y’umuganga

Kwitoza gahunda yawe bishobora kugufasha gukoresha neza igihe cyawe n’umuganga wawe. Kwitonda bizatuma ubaza ibibazo byawe byose kandi uhe umuganga wawe amakuru afatika.

Mbere y’igahunda yawe, andika ibimenyetso byawe byose, harimo igihe byatangiye n’uko byahindutse. Bandika kandi ibintu byose bibitera cyangwa bibyirukana.

Zana urutonde rwuzuye rw’imiti yose, amavitamini, n’ibindi bikoresho ukoresha. Harimo umunaniro n’igihe ubiba wafashe, kuko imiti imwe ishobora kugira ingaruka ku buzima bw’akanwa kawe.

Tegura urutonde rw’ibibazo ugomba kubaza umuganga wawe. Ibibazo by’ingenzi bishobora kuba ibizamini ukeneye, icyo ibisubizo bisobanura, uburyo bwo kuvura buhari, n’icyo ugomba kwitega mu gihe cy’ubuvuzi.

Tekereza kuzana inshuti cyangwa umuryango wawe wizeye mu gahunda yawe. Bashobora kugufasha kwibuka amakuru y’ingenzi no gutanga inkunga mu gihe gishobora kuba kigoye.

Icyingenzi cyo Kumenya kuri Kanseri y’Akanwa

Ikintu cy’ingenzi cyo kwibuka kuri kanseri y’akanwa ni uko kumenya hakiri kare bigira uruhare rukomeye mu gutsinda ubuvuzi n’umusaruro. Abantu benshi bafite kanseri y’akanwa bakomeza kubaho ubuzima buzuye kandi bwiza iyo kanseri imenyekanye kandi ivuwe vuba.

Witondere impinduka mu kanwa kawe zitagenda nyuma y’ibyumweru bibiri, kandi ntutinye gushaka inama y’abaganga. Umunyamamenyo wawe n’umuganga wawe ni abafatanyabikorwa bawe mu kubungabunga ubuzima bw’akanwa kawe.

Gukora amahitamo y’imibereho myiza nko kwirinda itabi, kugabanya inzoga, kurya ibiryo biringaniye, no kugira isuku nziza y’amenyo bishobora kugabanya cyane ibyago byawe. Izi ntambwe zoroshye zigira ingaruka zikomeye zo kurinda.

Niba ubonye kanseri y’akanwa, wibuke ko ubuvuzi bwarateye imbere cyane mu myaka yashize. Itsinda ryawe ry’abaganga rizakorana nawe kugira ngo bategurire gahunda y’ubuvuzi iboneye ku mimerere yawe.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa kuri Kanseri y’Akanwa

Q1: Kanseri y’akanwa ishobora gukira burundu?

Yego, kanseri y’akanwa ikunda gukira, cyane cyane iyo imenyekanye hakiri kare. Igipimo cyo gukira mu myaka itanu kuri kanseri y’akanwa yo mu cyiciro cya mbere ni hejuru ya 80%. Ndetse n’ibibazo bikomeye bishobora kuvurwa neza, nubwo igipimo cyo gukira gishobora kuba gito. Ubuvuzi bwawe bwite bushingiye ku bintu nka kanseri, ubuzima bwawe muri rusange, n’uko uhangana n’ubuvuzi.

Q2: Kanseri y’akanwa ibabaza?

Kanseri y’akanwa ishobora kubabaza, ariko si buri gihe mu ntangiriro. Bamwe mu bantu bagira ububabare buhoraho, abandi bashobora kugira ibituntu cyangwa ibice bitababara. Ububabare bukunze kugaragara iyo kanseri ikomeye. Ariko rero, ububabare bwonyine si ikimenyetso cyizewe, niyo mpamvu ari ingenzi ko impinduka zose zihoraho mu kanwa zigenzurwa, nubwo zitababara.

Q3: Kanseri y’akanwa ikwirakwira vuba gute?

Umuvuduko kanseri y’akanwa ikwirakwira uhinduka cyane ukurikije umuntu. Zimwe mu kanseri z’akanwa zikura buhoro buhoro mu mezi cyangwa imyaka, mu gihe izindi zishobora gukwirakwira vuba. Muri rusange, kumenya hakiri kare no kuvura bishobora gukumira cyangwa kugabanya kwirawira. Niyo mpamvu isuzuma rya buri gihe ry’amenyo n’ubwitonzi ku mpinduka z’akanwa ari ingenzi cyane.

Q4: Abakiri bato bashobora kurwara kanseri y’akanwa?

Nubwo kanseri y’akanwa ikunze kuba mu bantu barengeje imyaka 40, ishobora kuba mu myaka yose, harimo n’abakuze n’abangavu. Kanseri y’akanwa ifitanye isano na HPV ikunze kugaragara mu bantu bakiri bato. Abakiri bato bagomba kandi kwitondera impinduka z’akanwa no kugira imyifatire myiza y’ubuzima bw’amenyo, uko bafite imyaka yose.

Q5: Nzashobora kurya no kuvuga uko bisanzwe nyuma yo kuvurwa kanseri y’akanwa?

Abantu benshi bashobora gusubira kurya no kuvuga uko bisanzwe nyuma yo kuvurwa kanseri y’akanwa, nubwo bishobora gufata igihe no kwitoza. Ubunini bw’impinduka zose bushingiye ku hantu n’ubunini bwa kanseri n’uburyo bwo kuvura bukenewe. Abaganga bavura ibibazo byo kuvuga no kwishima bashobora kugufasha kongera kumenya izi mbaraga niba ari ngombwa. Abantu benshi bahindura neza kandi basubira mu mibereho yabo isanzwe.