MRSA ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n'Uko Ivurwa

MRSA bivuga Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, ubwoko bwa bagiteri bwabaye ikirwirwa ku miti myinshi isanzwe ikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara. Tekereza ko ari ubwoko bwa bagiteri ya staph ikomeye kurusha izisanzwe, idakira ku miti abaganga bakoresha mu kuvura indwara.

Nubwo MRSA yumvikana nk'ikintu giteye ubwoba, mu by'ukuri ishobora kuvurwa neza iramutse imenyekanye hakiri kare ikanavurwa uko bikwiye. Abantu benshi bafite bagiteri ya MRSA ku ruhu rwabo cyangwa mu mazuru yabo batarwara. Ikintu nyamukuru ni ukumenya igihe iba ikibazo n'ibyo ukwiye kwitondera.

MRSA ni iki?

MRSA ni ubwoko bwa bagiteri ya staph yabaye ikirwirwa kuri methicillin n'andi miti ya beta-lactam nka penicillin. Ubu kirwirwa bituma indwara ziterwa na MRSA zikomeye kuvura kurusha izisanzwe ziterwa na staph, ariko si ikintu kidashoboka.

Iyi bagiteri iba ku ruhu rwawe no mu mazuru yawe, kimwe na staph isanzwe. Akenshi, MRSA nta kibazo itera. Ariko, iyo yinjiye mu mubiri wawe binyuze mu dukombe, ibikomere, cyangwa ibikoresho by'abaganga, ishobora gutera indwara kuva ku bibazo bito by'uruhu kugeza ku ndwara zikomeye z'amaraso.

Hari ubwoko bubiri nyamukuru bwa MRSA. MRSA yandura mu bitaro (HA-MRSA) ikunda kwandura abantu bari mu bitaro, naho MRSA yandura mu muryango (CA-MRSA) ikwirakwira mu bantu bazima mu buzima busanzwe nko mu mashuri, muri siporo, cyangwa mu bigo byita ku bana.

Ibimenyetso bya MRSA ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso bya MRSA biterwa n'aho indwara yandukiye mu mubiri wawe. Indwara z'uruhu ni zo zikunze kugaragara, ariko MRSA ishobora no kwandura mu ngingo zikomeye n'imigongo.

Dore ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara mu ndwara z'uruhu ziterwa na MRSA:

• Udukombe tw'umutuku, twibyimba, kandi tubabaza ku ruhu rwawe
• Uduce tw'umubiri dupfuye
• Ibyuya cyangwa amazi ava mu bikomere cyangwa mu dukombe
• Umuriro uherekeza indwara y'uruhu
• Umutuku utambuka uvuye aho indwara iri
• Uduce tw'uruhu durasa n'aho twagizweho n'udusimba ariko ntidukire

Ibi bimenyetso by'uruhu bikunze gutangira bito ariko bishobora gukwirakwira vuba ntibyavuwe. Agace kanduye gashobora kubanza kugaragara nk'ububabare cyangwa igitinyiro cy'udusimba, ariyo mpamvu abantu benshi batinda gushaka ubuvuzi.

Indwara zikomeye za MRSA zishobora kwandura amaraso, ibihaha, cyangwa ahantu habajwe. Ibimenyetso by'uburwayi bukomeye birimo umuriro mwinshi, gukonja, kugorana guhumeka, kubabara mu kifuba, cyangwa kumva ubona nabi cyane. Ibi bimenyetso bisaba ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa.

Mu bihe bitoroshye, MRSA ishobora gutera indwara zikomeye ziterwa n'ubuzima nk'uburwayi bwa sepsis, pneumonia, cyangwa endocarditis (indwara y'umutima). Ibi bibazo bikomeye bikunda kugaragara mu bantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buke cyangwa abari mu bitaro.

Impamvu itera MRSA ni iyihe?

MRSA itera iyo bagiteri ya Staphylococcus aureus isanzwe ihinduka ikaba ikirwirwa kuri methicillin n'andi miti yavuzwe. Ubu kirwirwa bwabayeho mu myaka myinshi ikoreshwa imiti yo kuvura indwara, bituma ubwoko bwa bagiteri bukomeye buramba kandi bugakwirakwira.

Ushobora kwandura MRSA ukoresheje ubushishozi bw'abantu banduye cyangwa ibintu byanduye. Iyi bagiteri yinjiye mu mubiri wawe binyuze mu dukombe tw'uruhu, nko mu dukombe, mu bikomere, mu bikomere by'abaganga, cyangwa mu mbuto ntoya ushobora kutamenya.

Ibintu byinshi byongera ibyago byo guhura na MRSA:

• Kugira aho uhuriye n'umuntu ufite MRSA
• Kuba mu bitaro cyangwa mu bigo byita ku bantu bakuze
• Gusangira ibintu bya buri muntu nko amatafari, amapanga, cyangwa ibikoresho bya siporo
• Kugira ibikoresho by'abaganga nka catheter cyangwa imiyoboro yo guhumeka
• Kwitabira siporo cyangwa ibikorwa mu myanya icucikiranye
• Kuba mu myanya icucikiranye nko mu bigo bya gisirikare cyangwa mu mahoteli

Iyi bagiteri ikwirakwira vuba mu myanya abantu bahuriramo cyane cyangwa basangira ibikoresho. Ibi bisobanura impamvu MRSA rimwe na rimwe ikwirakwira mu mashuri, mu matsinda ya siporo, cyangwa mu bigo byo gufungira abantu.

Ikoreshwa ry'imiti yo kuvura indwara vuba na ryo rishobora kongera ibyago byawe. Iyo ufashe imiti yo kuvura indwara, ihitana bagiteri zisanzwe zisanzwe zifata MRSA, bishobora gutuma ubwoko bukomeye bw'iyi bagiteri bukomeza gukwirakwira.

Ugomba kubona muganga igihe kihe kubera MRSA?

Ugomba kuvugana n'abaganga bawe niba ufite indwara y'uruhu idakira mu minsi mike cyangwa isa n'iyaba ikomeye. Kuvurwa hakiri kare birinda ko indwara ntoya iba ikibazo gikomeye.

Shaka ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa niba ubona umutuku utambuka uvuye mu gikomere, ukagira umuriro ufite indwara y'uruhu, cyangwa ufite udukombe twuzuyemo ibyuya bikwirakwira. Ibi bimenyetso bigaragaza ko indwara ishobora kuba iri kwandura mu ngingo zikomeye.

Hamagara serivisi z'ubutabazi cyangwa ujye mu bitaro by'ubutabazi niba ufite ibimenyetso bikomeye nko gukonja, kugorana guhumeka, kubabara mu kifuba, cyangwa kumva ubona nabi cyane. Ibi bishobora kugaragaza ko MRSA yinjiye mu maraso yawe cyangwa mu ngingo.

Ntugatege amatwi niba uri mu kaga ko kugira ibibazo. Abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buke, indwara zidakira nka diyabete, cyangwa abakorewe ibyo kubaga bagomba gushaka ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa ku mpinduka zose z'uruhu ziteye impungenge.

Ibyago byo kwandura MRSA ni ibihe?

Uburwayi n'imimerere bimwe na bimwe bigutera ibyago byo kwandura MRSA. Kumenya ibi byago bigufasha gufata ingamba zikwiye.

Ibyago bifitanye isano n'ubuvuzi birimo:

• Kuba warajyanywe mu bitaro cyangwa kubagwa vuba
• Kugira ibikoresho by'abaganga nka catheter, imiyoboro yo kurya, cyangwa ibikoresho byo kuvura
• Kuba mu bigo byita ku bantu bakuze
• Guhabwa imiti yo kuvura indwara kenshi
• Kugira ibikomere bidakira cyangwa ibikomere by'umuvuduko
• Gukorerwa ibyo kubaga bikomeye

Ibyago byo mu muryango bikunze kubaho mu bihe abantu bahuriramo cyane:

• Kwitabira siporo zihuriramo cyane nko kurwana cyangwa gukina umupira w'amaguru
• Kuba mu myanya icucikiranye
• Gusangira ibintu bya buri muntu nko amatafari cyangwa amapanga
• Kugira dukombe cyangwa ibikomere ku ruhu rwawe
• Isuku mbi
• Gukoresha ibikoresho bya siporo byanduye

Uburwayi bumwe na bumwe bukongera uko uhangayitse. Abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buke, indwara z'uruhu zidakira nka eczema, cyangwa indwara zidakira nka diyabete bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura MRSA.

Imyaka ikinjiramo. Abana bato cyane n'abakuze barushaho kwandura indwara zikomeye za MRSA kubera ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bugenda butera imbere cyangwa bugabanuka.

Ibibazo bishoboka bya MRSA ni ibihe?

Indwara nyinshi za MRSA ziguma ku ruhu kandi zikira neza uko bikwiye. Ariko, iyi bagiteri rimwe na rimwe ishobora kwandura mu bindi bice by'umubiri wawe, ikaba itera ibibazo bikomeye.

Ibibazo bisanzwe bishobora kubaho birimo:

• Cellulite (indwara y'uruhu n'ingingo zikomeye)
• Kuvura ibikomere
• Indwara z'amagufwa n'ingingo (osteomyelitis)
• Uburwayi bw'amaraso (sepsis)
• Pneumonia ikubita ibihaha
• Indwara z'umutima (endocarditis)

Sepsis ni ikibazo gikomeye cyane, aho MRSA yinjiye mu maraso yawe ikaba itera ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bukomeye. Ibi bishobora gutera gucika intege z'imigongo kandi bisaba ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa.

Mu bihe bitoroshye, MRSA ishobora gutera necrotizing fasciitis, indwara ikwirakwira vuba ihitana uruhu, amavuta, n'imikaya. Iyi ndwara yo kurya umubiri isaba ubuvuzi bw'abaganga bwo gukuraho ingingo zandujwe.

Inkuru nziza ni uko ibibazo bikomeye bidahagarara iyo indwara za MRSA zivuwe vuba kandi uko bikwiye. Abantu benshi barakira neza uko bikwiye bavuwe imiti yo kuvura indwara.

MRSA ishobora kwirindwa gute?

Ushobora kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura MRSA binyuze mu myitwarire isukuye n'ingamba z'ubushishozi. Isuku y'intoki igumana ari intwaro yawe ikomeye yo kwirinda indwara.

Ingamba z'ingenzi zo kwirinda zirimo:

• Kwoza intoki kenshi n'amazi n'isabune mu gihe cy'amasegonda 20
• Gukoresha isabune y'intoki ishingiye kuri alcool iyo isabune idahari
• Kugumisha ibikomere n'udukombe bisukuye kandi bifunze
• Kwirinda gusangira ibintu bya buri muntu nko amatafari, amapanga, cyangwa imyenda
• Gusukura ibikoresho bya siporo mbere na nyuma yo kubikoresha
• Koga vuba nyuma yo gukina siporo cyangwa imyitozo

Mu bitaro, gukurikiza amabwiriza yo kwirinda kwandura biba ingenzi. Niba usura umuntu ufite MRSA, wambare uturango n'imyenda nk'uko abakozi b'ubuvuzi babibwiye, kandi uhora ukoza intoki mbere yo kuva mu cyumba.

Abakinnyi ba siporo bagomba gufata ingamba zidasanzwe binyuze mu kugumisha uruhu rwabo rufunze mu gihe cy'imikino ihuriramo, badasangira ibikoresho, kandi batangaza indwara zose z'uruhu ku batoza cyangwa abatoza ba siporo vuba.

Kugira ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bukomeye binyuze mu mirire myiza, ibitotsi bihagije, n'imyitozo ngororamubiri bufasha umubiri wawe kurwanya indwara mu buryo bw'umwimerere.

MRSA imenyeshwa ite?

Muganga wawe azamenya MRSA binyuze mu bipimo by'ikigo cy'ubushakashatsi byafashwe mu gace kanduye. Uyu muhango ukoreshwa mu gufata ibintu byafashwe mu gikomere, mu mazuru, cyangwa mu bindi bice byanduye.

Uburyo busanzwe bwo gupima ni ugupima ibikomere, aho umuganga wawe akuriramo ibyuya cyangwa amazi mu gace kanduye akoresheje igiti cyiza. Ibi bintu bijyanwa mu kigo cy'ubushakashatsi kugira ngo hamenyekane bagiteri kandi hamenyekane imiti izakora neza.

Ibisubizo by'ikigo cy'ubushakashatsi bikunze gutinda amasaha 24 kugeza kuri 48. Muri icyo gihe, muganga wawe ashobora gutangira kukuvura imiti yo kuvura indwara ashingiye ku buryo indwara yawe igaragara n'ibyago byawe.

Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, muganga wawe ashobora gutegeka ibindi bipimo nko gupima amaraso niba akeka ko indwara yandukiye mu ruhu. Ibi bipimo bifasha kumenya niba MRSA yinjiye mu maraso yawe.

Uburyo bwo gupima vuba buriyongera mu bigo bimwe by'ubuvuzi. Ibi bipimo bishya bishobora gutanga ibisubizo mu masaha make, bituma habaho gufata ibyemezo byo kuvura vuba.

Uko MRSA ivurwa

Uko MRSA ivurwa biterwa n'uburemere n'aho indwara iri. Indwara nyinshi z'uruhu zishobora kuvurwa neza n'imiti yo kuvura indwara ikora ku bagiteri birwanya.

Ku ndwara ntoya z'uruhu, muganga wawe ashobora kugutegeka imiti yo kuvura indwara yo kunywa nka:

• Clindamycin
• Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)
• Doxycycline cyangwa minocycline
• Linezolid ku ndwara zikomeye

Indwara zikomeye zikunda gusaba imiti yo kuvura indwara yo mu mitsi mu bitaro. Vancomycin yari imiti ikomeye yo kuvura indwara zikomeye za MRSA, nubwo imiti mishya nka daptomycin, linezolid, na ceftaroline ikora neza.

Ibikomere binini cyangwa ibyuya bikunze gukenera kuvurwa kugira ngo bikureho ibyanduye, ibi bifasha imiti yo kuvura indwara gukora neza.

Igihe cyo kuvura gikunze kuba hagati y'iminsi 7 kugeza kuri 10 ku ndwara z'uruhu, ariko gishobora kumara ibyumweru byinshi ku ndwara zikomeye. Ni ngombwa kurangiza imiti yose yo kuvura indwara, naho waba wumva umeze neza mbere yo kurangiza imiti.

Mu bihe bitoroshye by'ibibazo bikomeye nka endocarditis cyangwa osteomyelitis, kuvura bishobora gusaba ibyumweru byinshi by'imiti yo mu mitsi, rimwe na rimwe bikurikirwa n'imiti yo kunywa.

Uko ugenzura MRSA mu rugo

Kwita ku buzima mu rugo bigira uruhare mu gukira indwara za MRSA. Gukurikiza amabwiriza y'abaganga bawe neza bifasha guhamya ko indwara ikize neza kandi idakwirakwira ku bandi.

Intambwe z'ingenzi zo kwita ku buzima mu rugo zirimo:

• Kunywa imiti yose yategetswe uko bikwiye
• Kugumisha ahantu handuye hasukuye kandi hafite ibikoresho bishya
• Kwoza intoki mbere na nyuma yo gukora ku gace kanduye
• Gukoresha amazi ashyushye kugira ngo ugabanye ububabare kandi ugire uruhare mu gukira
• Kwirinda gutoboza cyangwa gukanda udukombe twanduye
• Gutandukanya imyenda yawe no gukaraba ibintu mu mazi ashyushye

Ububabare bushobora kuvurwa n'imiti yo kuvura ububabare nka ibuprofen cyangwa acetaminophen. Ibi kandi bifasha kugabanya kubyimba kandi bikagutera amahoro mu gihe cyo gukira.

Genzura indwara yawe buri munsi kugira ngo urebe ko ikira cyangwa ikomeza. Agateganyo kagomba kugenda kagabanuka, kagabanuka, kandi kagabanuka uko kuvurwa bigenda.

Kugira ngo wirinde gukwirakwiza MRSA mu bagize umuryango wawe, kwirinda gusangira ibintu bya buri muntu, gusukura ibintu ukoraho kenshi, no kugumisha isuku myiza mu gihe cyo kuvurwa.

Uko wakwitegura gusura muganga

Kwitunganya gusura muganga bifasha guhamya ko ubonye ubuvuzi bukwiye ku ndwara yawe ya MRSA. Kugira amakuru akwiye bitegura bigabanya igihe kandi bigatuma habaho gufata ibyemezo byo kuvura byiza.

Mbere yo gusura, andika amakuru yerekeye ibimenyetso byawe harimo igihe byatangiye, uko byahindutse, n'icyo biba byiza cyangwa biba bibi. Fata amafoto y'agace kanduye niba bishoboka, cyane cyane niba isura yahindutse hagati yo gutegura no gusura.

Kora amakuru y'ubuvuzi akenewe nka:

• Kuba warajyanywe mu bitaro cyangwa kubagwa vuba
• Imiti n'ibindi bikoresho ukoresha ubu
• Allergie uzwi, cyane cyane ku miti yo kuvura indwara
• Ikoreshwa ry'imiti yo kuvura indwara mu mezi ashize
• Kugira aho uhuriye n'umuntu ufite MRSA cyangwa izindi ndwara
• Ibikorwa bishobora kuba byarakwanduje bagiteri

Tegura ibibazo ushaka kubabaza muganga wawe, nko igihe kuvurwa bizamara, igihe ushobora gusubira mu mirimo yawe, n'ibimenyetso by'uburwayi ukwiye kwitondera.

Tekereza kuzana umuntu wo mu muryango wawe cyangwa inshuti kugira ngo afashe kwibuka amakuru akenewe, cyane cyane niba wumva ubona nabi cyangwa uhangayitse kubera uburwayi.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya cyane kuri MRSA

MRSA ni indwara y'abagiteri ishobora kuvurwa kandi ikora neza uko bikwiye ivuwe hakiri kare. Nubwo ubu kirwirwa ku miti isanzwe yo kuvura indwara bituma bigoye kuvura kurusha indwara zisanzwe za staph, hari uburyo bwo kuvura buriho.

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko MRSA atari urupfu. Abantu benshi barakira neza bavuwe imiti yo kuvura indwara kandi bakitabwaho neza. Kumenya hakiri kare no gushaka ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa ni byo bikoresho byawe byiza byo gukira neza.

Kwivuza bigumana ari intwaro yawe ikomeye yo kwirinda MRSA. Isuku isanzwe nko gukaraba intoki kenshi, kugumisha ibikomere bisukuye kandi bifunze, no kwirinda gusangira ibintu bya buri muntu bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura.

Niba ufite indwara y'uruhu iteye impungenge, ntutinye gushaka ubuvuzi. Muganga wawe ashobora kumenya vuba niba ufite MRSA kandi atangire kuvurwa kugira ngo wirinde ibibazo.

Ibibazo byakunda kubazwa kuri MRSA

MRSA ishobora gukira burundu?

Yego, indwara za MRSA zishobora gukira burundu hakoreshejwe imiti yo kuvura indwara ikwiye. Nubwo iyi bagiteri irwanya imiti imwe yo kuvura indwara, hari imiti myinshi ikora neza ishobora gukuraho indwara. Abantu benshi barakira neza iyo kuvurwa gutangiye vuba kandi kurangira uko bikwiye.

MRSA yandura kandi imara igihe kingana iki yandura?

MRSA yandura kandi ikwirakwira binyuze mu guhura n'ibikomere byanduye cyangwa ibintu byanduye. Ubusanzwe uba uretse kwandura mu masaha 24 kugeza kuri 48 utangiye kuvurwa imiti yo kuvura indwara ikora. Ariko, bamwe bashobora kugira bagiteri ya MRSA ku ruhu rwabo cyangwa mu mazuru yabo badafite indwara.

Ushobora kwandura MRSA incuro nyinshi?

Yego, ushobora kwandura MRSA incuro nyinshi. Kugira MRSA rimwe ntibitanga ubudahangarwa ku zindi ndwara. Bamwe barushaho kwandura indwara kenshi, cyane cyane niba bafite iyi bagiteri ku ruhu rwabo cyangwa bafite ibyago nko kugira ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buke cyangwa indwara z'uruhu zidakira.

Kuvura MRSA bisanzwe bimamara igihe kingana iki?

Igihe cyo kuvura gitandukanye bitewe n'uburemere n'aho indwara iri. Indwara ntoya z'uruhu zisaba iminsi 7 kugeza kuri 10 y'imiti yo kuvura indwara, naho indwara zikomeye zishobora gukenera ibyumweru byinshi byo kuvurwa. Ibibazo bikomeye nko kwandura amagufwa bishobora gusaba amezi y'imiti yo kuvura indwara.

MRSA ishobora kwandura abantu bazima cyangwa abafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buke gusa?

MRSA ishobora kwandura abantu bazima n'abafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buke. MRSA yandura mu muryango ikunda kwandura abantu bazima, cyane cyane abakinnyi ba siporo n'abantu bahuriramo cyane. Ariko, abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buke, indwara zidakira, cyangwa abakorewe ibyo kubaga bafite ibyago byinshi byo kugira ibibazo bikomeye.