Health Library

Sclerosis Nyinshi

Incamake

Menya amakuru arambuye kuri neurologue Oliver Tobin, M.B., B.Ch., B.A.O., Ph.D.

Ntabwo tuzi icyateza MS, ariko hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kongera ibyago cyangwa gutera itangira ryayo. Nuko rero nubwo MS ishobora kugaragara mu myaka yose, ahanini igaragara bwa mbere mu bantu bari hagati y'imyaka 20 na 40. Urwego rwo hasi rwa vitamine D no kwibasirwa n'izuba nke, bituma umubiri wacu ukora vitamine D, bifitanye isano n'ibyago byiyongereye byo kurwara MS. Nkuko abantu barwaye MS bafite vitamine D nke bagira indwara ikomeye. Nuko abantu bafite ibiro birenze urugero bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara MS kandi abantu barwaye MS kandi bafite ibiro birenze urugero bagira indwara ikomeye kandi itangira kwihuta. Abantu barwaye MS kandi bananywa itabi bagira ibibazo byinshi, indwara ikomeye kandi ikomeye, ndetse n'ibimenyetso bibi byo mu bwenge. Abagore bafite ibyago byinshi inshuro eshatu kurusha abagabo kugira MS isubira. Ibyago bya MS muri rusange ni hafi 0.5%. Niba umubyeyi cyangwa umuvandimwe afite MS, ibyago byawe ni hafi kabiri cyangwa hafi 1%. Hariho kandi izindi ndwara zikomeye. Virusi nyinshi zifitanye isano na MS, harimo Epstein-Barr virus, itera mono. Uburasirazuba n'uburengerazuba bifite ubwandu bwinshi, harimo Canada, Amerika y'amajyaruguru, Nouvelle-Zélande, uburasirazuba bwa Australia, na Burayi. Abazungu, cyane cyane bakomoka mu Burayi bw'amajyaruguru, bafite ibyago byinshi. Abantu bakomoka muri Aziya, Afurika na Amerika y'abanyamerika bafite ibyago bike. Ibyago byiyongereye gato biboneka niba umurwayi asanzwe afite indwara ya autoimmune thyroid, anemia pernicious, psoriasis, diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa mbere, cyangwa indwara y'umwijima.

Kuri ubu nta kizami kimwe cyo gupima MS. Ariko, hari ibintu bine by'ingenzi bifasha mu gupima. Ubwa mbere, hariho ibimenyetso bisanzwe bya multiple sclerosis? Nongeraho, ibyo ni ukubura ubwenge mu jisho, kubura imbaraga mu kuboko cyangwa ukuguru, cyangwa guhinduranya imiyoboro mu kuboko cyangwa ukuguru bikamara amasaha arenga 24. Icya kabiri, ufite ibyo bipimo by'umubiri bifitanye isano na MS? Icya gatatu, MRI y'ubwonko bwawe cyangwa umugongo ifitanye isano na MS? Ubu hano ni ngombwa kuzirikana ko 95% by'abantu barengeje imyaka 40 bafite MRI y'ubwonko idasanzwe, kimwe n'abenshi muri twe bafite iminkanyari ku ruhu rwacu. Amaherezo, ese ibizamini by'amazi yo mu mugongo bifitanye isano na MS? Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gupimwa amaraso kugira ngo arebe izindi ndwara zifite ibimenyetso bimwe. Bashobora kandi kugusaba ikizamini cya OCT cyangwa optical coherence tomography. Iyi ni scan ngufi y'uburebure bw'imirongo inyuma y'ijisho ryawe.

Nuko rero ikintu cyiza cyo gukora iyo ubana na MS ni ukugira itsinda ryizewe ry'abaganga b'inzobere bashobora kugufasha kugenzura no gucunga ubuzima bwawe. Kugira itsinda ry'inzobere ni ingenzi mu guhangana n'ibimenyetso byihariye urimo guhura na byo. Niba ufite igitero cya MS cyangwa gusubira, muganga wawe ashobora kugutera corticosteroids kugira ngo agabanye cyangwa ateze imbere ibimenyetso byawe. Kandi niba ibimenyetso byawe byo kugira igitero bitasubizwa na steroide, undi muti ni plasmapheresis cyangwa plasma exchange, ubu ni ubuvuzi bumeze nka dialyse. Hafi 50% by'abantu batitabwaho na steroide bagira iterambere rikomeye hamwe n'amasomo magufi ya plasma exchange. Hari imiti irenga 20 yemewe ubu mu gukumira ibitero bya MS no gukumira ibimenyetso bishya bya MRI.

Muri multiple sclerosis, igisubizo cyo kurinda imiyoboro y'imitsi kirakonje kandi gishobora gucika amaherezo. Iki gisubizo cyo kurinda ni myelin. Bitewe n'aho imyenda y'imitsi iba, MS ishobora kugira ingaruka ku bwenge, kumva, guhuza, kwimuka, no kugenzura umukozi cyangwa umwijima.

Multiple sclerosis ni indwara itera kwangirika kw'igisubizo cyo kurinda imitsi. Multiple sclerosis ishobora gutera uburibwe, intege nke, kugira ikibazo cyo kugenda, guhinduka kw'ubwenge n'ibindi bimenyetso. Izwi kandi nka MS.

Muri MS, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bugaba igisubizo cyo kurinda gikikiza imiyoboro y'imitsi, izwi nka myelin. Ibi bibuza itumanaho hagati y'ubwonko n'umubiri wose. Amaherezo, iyi ndwara ishobora gutera kwangirika burundu kw'imiyoboro y'imitsi.

Ibimenyetso bya MS biterwa n'umuntu, aho kwangirika kuba mu mikorere y'imitsi n'uburemere bw'ibyangiritse ku miyoboro y'imitsi. Bamwe mu bantu babura ubushobozi bwo kugenda bonyine cyangwa kwimuka na gato. Abandi bashobora kugira igihe kirekire hagati y'ibitero badafite ibimenyetso bishya, bizwi nka remission. Icyerekezo cy'indwara kihinduka bitewe n'ubwoko bwa MS.

Nta muti wa multiple sclerosis. Ariko, hari ubuvuzi bufasha mu kwihutisha gukira ibintu, guhindura icyerekezo cy'indwara no gucunga ibimenyetso.

Amwe mu mezi arashimangirwa nk'ibyiciro, ariko multiple sclerosis irashimangirwa nk'ubwoko. Ubwoko bwa MS biterwa n'icyerekezo cy'ibimenyetso n'ubwinshi bw'ibitero. Ubwoko bwa MS harimo:

Abantu benshi barwaye multiple sclerosis bafite ubwoko bwo gusubira. Bagira igihe cy'ibimenyetso bishya cyangwa ibitero bikura mu minsi cyangwa mu byumweru kandi bisanzwe bikira mu gice cyangwa byuzuye. Ibi bitero bikurikirwa n'igihe cyo guceceka kw'indwara gishobora kumara amezi cyangwa imyaka.

Byibuze 20% kugeza kuri 40% by'abantu barwaye multiple sclerosis isubira amaherezo ishobora gutera iterambere rihoraho ry'ibimenyetso. Iyi iterambere ishobora kuza hamwe cyangwa idafite igihe cyo guceceka kandi iba mu myaka 10 kugeza kuri 40 nyuma y'itangira ry'indwara. Iyi izwi nka secondary-progressive MS.

Kwimuka kw'ibimenyetso bisanzwe birimo ikibazo cyo kugenda no kugenda. Umuvuduko wo gutera imbere kw'indwara uhinduka cyane mu bantu barwaye secondary-progressive MS.

Bamwe mu bantu barwaye multiple sclerosis bagira itangira ridafite igihe kinini kandi iterambere rihoraho ry'ibimenyetso n'ibimenyetso badafite ibitero. Ubu bwoko bwa MS buzwi nka primary-progressive MS.

Clinically isolated syndrome ivuga ku kiganza cya mbere cy'ikibazo gifitanye isano na myelin. Nyuma yo gupima byinshi, clinically isolated syndrome ishobora kumenyeshwa nka MS cyangwa ikindi kibazo.

Radiologically isolated syndrome ivuga ku byavuye muri MRI y'ubwonko n'umugongo bimeze nka MS mu muntu udafite ibimenyetso bisanzwe bya MS.

Ibimenyetso

Mu sclerosis nyinshi, akadomo karinda imigozi y'imikaya, kazwi nk'imyelin, mu mutwe n'umugongo karangirika. Bitewe n'aho ikibazo kiri mu mutwe n'umugongo, ibimenyetso bishobora kugaragara, biri mo ububabare budasanzwe, gukuna, intege nkeya, ihinduka ry'ubuhanga bwo kubona, ibibazo by'umwijima n'amara, ibibazo byo kwibuka, cyangwa ihinduka ry'imimerere, urugero.

Ibimenyetso bya sclerosis nyinshi bihinduka bitewe n'umuntu. Ibimenyetso bishobora guhinduka mu gihe cy'indwara bitewe n'imigozi y'imikaya ikozweho.

Ibimenyetso bisanzwe biri mo:

Ububabare budasanzwe cyangwa gukuna.
Kumva nk'umuriro w'amashanyarazi ubaho iyo umuntu yimiritse umutwe, cyane cyane iyo awunamye imbere. Iki kimero kizwi nka Lhermitte sign.
Kubura ubufatanye bw'imikaya.
Kugira ikibazo cyo kugenda cyangwa kutabasha kugenda na busa.
Intege nkeya.
Kubura kubona byuzuye cyangwa bituzuye, akenshi mu jisho rimwe gusa. Kubura kubona bikunze kujyana n'ububabare iyo umuntu yimiritse amaso.
Kubona ibintu bibiri.
Kubona bitumvwa.
Kuzenguruka n'ikibazo cyo kumva wowe cyangwa ibikuzungurukie bigenda, bizwi nka vertigo.
Kugira ikibazo cyo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina, amara n'umwijima.
Kwumva unaniwe.
Kuvuga bidasobanutse.
Kugira ibibazo byo kwibuka, kuzirikana no kumva amakuru.
Ihinduka ry'imimerere.

Iyongera rito ry'ubushyuhe bw'umubiri bishobora kongera kubije ibimenyetso bya MS by'igihe gito. Ibi ntibifatwa nk'ubugaruka bw'indwara nyakuri ahubwo ni pseudorelapses.

Igihe cyo kubona umuganga

Suka umuganga wawe cyangwa undi wabaganga niba ufite ibimenyetso bikubabaza.

Impamvu

Impamvu y'indwara ya sclerosis nyinshi ntirazwi. Icyo bazi ni uko ari indwara iterwa n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri aho ubwirinzi bw'umubiri bugaba igitero ku mubiri wabwo. Muri MS, ubwirinzi bw'umubiri bugaba igitero kandi bugasenya ikinyabutabire gifata kandi kikingira imitsi y'ubwonko n'umugongo. Icyo kinyabutabire kitwa myelin.

Myelin ishobora kugereranywa n'ikinyabutabire gikingira insinga z'amashanyarazi. Iyo myelin ikingira yangiritse kandi umutsi w'ubwonko ugaragaye, ubutumwa butembera kuri uwo mutsi bushobora kugenda buhoro cyangwa bugakomwaho.

Ntabwo birasobanutse impamvu MS itera bamwe ariko itabatera abandi. Ihuriro ry'imiterere y'umuntu n'ibintu by'ibidukikije bishobora kongera ibyago bya MS.

Ingaruka zishobora guteza

Ibintu byongera ibyago bya sclerosis nyinshi birimo:

Imyaka. MS ishobora kubaho mu myaka yose. Ariko, gutangira kenshi bibaho hagati y'imyaka 20 na 40.
Ibitsina. Abagore bafite ibyago byinshi kurusha abagabo (inshuro 2 kugeza kuri 3) kugira MS isubira.
Amateka y'umuryango. Niba umwe mu babyeyi bawe cyangwa bene wanyu yagize MS, ufite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara iyo ndwara.
Indwara zimwe na zimwe zandura. Virus nyinshi zifitanye isano na MS, harimo Epstein-Barr. Epstein-Barr ni virusi itera mononucleosis yandura.
Ubwoko bw'uruhu. Abantu bafite uruhu rw'abazungu, cyane cyane abo mu Burayi bw'amajyaruguru, bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara MS. Abantu b'Abazungu, Abanyafurika cyangwa abo muri Amerika y'abanyamerika bafite ibyago bike. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe vuba aha bugaragaza ko umubare w'abirabura n'abanyesipanyoli bakiri bato bafite sclerosis nyinshi ushobora kuba munini kurusha uko byatekerezwaho mbere.
Ikirere. MS igaragara cyane ahantu hari ikirere gishyushye. Ibi birimo Canada, Amerika y'amajyaruguru, Nouvelle-Zélande, uburasirazuba bw'Australia na Burayi.
Vitamine D. Kugira urwego ruke rwa vitamine D no guhura n'izuba bike bifitanye isano n'ibyago byinshi bya MS. Ukwezi wavukiyemo na byo bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mahirwe yo kurwara MS. Ibi bifitanye isano n'urwego rw'izuba nyina yabonye igihe atwite.
Umurire. Abantu bafite umubyibuho ukabije cyangwa bari bafite umubyibuho ukabije bakiri bato bafite ibyago byinshi bya sclerosis nyinshi.
Indwara zimwe na zimwe zifata umubiri wose. Ufite ibyago bike byo kurwara MS niba ufite izindi ndwara zifata umubiri wose. Ibi bishobora kuba harimo indwara y'umwijima, anemia mbi, psoriasis, diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa mbere cyangwa indwara y'umwijima.
Itabi. Abantu barimisha bafite ibyago byinshi byo kugira MS isubira kurusha abantu batarimisha.
Ubuzima bw'amara. Abantu bafite MS bashobora kugira ubuzima butandukanye bw'amara kurusha abantu badafite MS. Harakenewe ubushakashatsi bwinshi kugira ngo dusobanukirwe iyi sano.

Ingaruka

Ingaruka za sclerosis nyinshi zishobora kuba:

Uburibwe bw'imikaya cyangwa gucika intege.
Ibitero by'indwara z'ubwonko, nubwo ari bito cyane.
Ubusembwa bukabije cyangwa ubumuga, busanzwe mu biganza cyangwa mu birenge.
Kugira ikibazo cyo gukora imyeyo, igifu cyangwa imibonano mpuzabitsina.
Kugira ikibazo cyo gutekereza no kwibuka.

Kupima

Ibizamini byuzuye by'ubuzima bw'imitekerereze n'amateka y'uburwayi birakenewe kugira ngo hamenyekane indwara ya MS.

Umuganga w'indwara z'imitekerereze Oliver Tobin, M.B., B.Ch., B.A.O., Ph.D., asubiza ibibazo bibazwa cyane ku ndwara ya sclerosis nyinshi.

Rero abantu bafite ibiro birenze urugero bafite amahirwe menshi yo kurwara MS kandi abantu barwaye MS bafite ibiro birenze urugero bakunda kugira indwara ikora cyane kandi itangira kwihuta. Ibiryo byerekanye ko birinda ubwonko ni indyo ya Mediterane. Iyi mirire ihagije mu mafi, imboga, n'imbuto, kandi nta nyama itukura.

Rero iki kibazo kibaza cyane kuko abarwaye sclerosis nyinshi rimwe na rimwe bashobora kugira ikibazo cy'igihe gito cyo kuba bibi kurushaho mu bushyuhe cyangwa nibakora imyitozo ikomeye. Ikintu gikomeye cyo kuzirikana ni uko ubushyuhe budatera igitero cya MS cyangwa gusubira inyuma kwa MS. Kandi rero ntabwo ari ikintu kibangamira. Nta kibazo urakoze udafite ingaruka zirambye niba ibi bibaye. Imiborero ikomeye iterwa inama kandi irinda ubwonko n'umugongo.

Abahanga mu bya siyansi ntibaramenya izi cellules souches zifitiye akamaro MS, inzira yo kuzitanga cyangwa umwanya wo kuzitanga cyangwa kenshi. Rero kuri ubu, imiti ya cellules souches ntiterwa inama usibye mu rugero rw'igeragezwa ry'ubuvuzi.

Indwara ya neuromyelite optica spectrum cyangwa NMOSD na MOG-associated disorder bishobora gutanga ibimenyetso bisa na sclerosis nyinshi. Ibi birakunda kuba mu bantu bo mu Burayi cyangwa bo muri Afurika-Amerika. Kandi muganga wawe ashobora kugutegeka ibizamini by'amaraso kugira ngo akureho izi ndwara.

Nibyiza, ikintu gikomeye cyo kumenya ko ufite indwara ya sclerosis nyinshi ni uko uri mu kigo cy'itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga. Ikigo cyuzuye cya MS niho heza cyane ho kuvura sclerosis nyinshi, kandi ibi bisanzwe birimo abaganga bamenyereye sclerosis nyinshi, abaganga b'indwara z'imitekerereze, ariko kandi n'abaganga b'indwara z'inkari, abaganga b'imiti yo kuvura umubiri, n'abaganga b'imitekerereze, n'abandi baganga benshi bafite ubunararibonye bwihariye muri sclerosis nyinshi. Kugira iki kigo kiri hafi yawe n'ibyo ukeneye bizatuma ubuzima bwawe buramba.

Nta bizamini byihariye bya MS. Indwara ihabwa igihe habaye ihuriro ry'amateka y'uburwayi, isuzuma ry'umubiri, MRI n'ibisubizo byo gupima umuti wa mugongo. Kumenya indwara ya sclerosis nyinshi binasobanura gukuraho izindi ndwara zishobora gutera ibimenyetso bisa. Ibi bizwi nka differential diagnosis.

Iskaneri ya MRI y'ubwonko igaragaza ibimenyetso byera bifitanye isano na sclerosis nyinshi.

Mu gihe cyo gupima umuti wa mugongo, bizwi kandi nka spinal tap, usanzwe uba uri ku ruhande ufite amavi yamanutse ku gituza cyawe. Hanyuma igikoresho cyinjizwa mu muyoboro w'umugongo mu mugongo wawe wo hasi kugira ngo gikusanye umuti wa mugongo kugira ngo ubizaminwe.

Ibizamini bikoresha kugira ngo hamenyekane MS bishobora kuba:

MRI, ishobora kugaragaza ibice bya MS ku bwonko no ku mugongo. Ibi bice byitwa lesions. Ibara ry'umwenda rishobora gutangwa binyuze mu buryo bwa IV kugira ngo rigaragaze ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko indwara iri mu cyiciro gikora.
Lumbar puncture, bizwi kandi nka spinal tap, aho igice gito cy'umuti wa mugongo gikurwa mu muyoboro w'umugongo kugira ngo ubizaminwe. Iki gice gishobora kugaragaza impinduka mu maraso bifitanye isano na MS. Spinal tap ishobora kandi gufasha gukuraho indwara zandura n'izindi ndwara zifite ibimenyetso bisa na MS. Ikizamini cy'amaraso gishakisha kappa free light chains gishobora kuba cyihuse kandi kidahenze kurusha ibizamini bya mbere by'umuti wa mugongo wa MS.
Optical coherence tomography, ikoresha imirasire y'umucyo kugira ngo ikore amashusho y'ijisho. Muri MS, ikibazo cyitwa optic neuritis gitera impinduka muri retina. Optical coherence tomography ishobora gukoreshwa kugira ngo ipime uburebure bwa retina. Ishobora kandi kugaragaza ibibazo byangiza umutwe wa retinal nerve fiber.
Ibizamini by'ubushobozi bwo guhamagara, bikusanya ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi bikorwa n'ubwonko bwawe mu gusubiza ibintu. Ikizamini cy'ubushobozi bwo guhamagara gishobora gukoresha ibintu by'amaso cyangwa ibintu by'amashanyarazi. Muri ibi bizamini, ureba ishusho y'amaso igenda, kuko ibimenyetso bigufi by'amashanyarazi bishyirwa ku mitsi yo mu maguru cyangwa mu maboko. Electrode ipima uburyo amakuru agenda vuba mu nzira z'imitsi.
Ibizamini by'amaraso, bishobora gufasha gukuraho izindi ndwara zifite ibimenyetso bisa na MS. Ibizamini byo kugenzura ibimenyetso byihariye bifitanye isano na MS biri gutunganywa. Ibi bizamini bishobora gufasha mu kumenya indwara.
Ibizamini by'ubuzima bw'imitekerereze. Ibizamini by'ubuzima bw'imitekerereze birimo kureba uko ubwonko bwawe bukora. Ibizamini bisuzuma imitekerereze yawe, kwibuka, ururimi n'ubushobozi bwawe bwo kwifatanya n'abandi. Bisuzuma kandi imico yawe n'imimerere yawe. Umuganga w'imitekerereze ufite ubunararibonye bwihariye, uzwi nka neuropsychologist, akora ibi bizamini. Ibizamini by'ubuzima bw'imitekerereze ni ingenzi muri MS kuko abantu benshi barwaye iyo ndwara bagira ibibazo byo gutekereza. Ibi bishobora kuba harimo no kubura kwibuka no kugira ibibazo mu rurimi no mu mitekerereze bigira ingaruka ku bikorwa bya buri munsi. Umuganga wawe ashobora kugutanga ikizamini cya mbere nyuma yo kumenya indwara yawe. Hanyuma ushobora kongera gupimwa igihe kirekire.

Mu bantu benshi barwaye relapsing-remitting MS, kumenya indwara biroroshye. Kumenya indwara bishingiye ku buryo bw'ibimenyetso bifitanye isano na MS kandi byemezwa n'ibisubizo by'ibizamini.

Kumenya indwara ya MS bishobora kugorana mu bantu bafite ibimenyetso bidasanzwe cyangwa indwara itera imbere. Bishobora kuba ngombwa gukora ibizamini byinshi.

MRI y'ubwonko ikunze gukoreshwa mu gufasha kumenya indwara ya sclerosis nyinshi.

Uburyo bwo kuvura

Nta muti uwo ari wo wose uwo kuvura indwara ya sclerosis nyinshi. Ubuvuzi busanzwe bugamije kwihutisha gukira nyuma y’igitero, kugabanya ibitero bisubiramo, kugabanya iterambere ry’indwara no gucunga ibimenyetso bya MS. Bamwe mu bantu bagira ibimenyetso byoroheje ku buryo nta buvuzi bukenewe.

Mu gihe cy’igitero cya MS, ushobora kuvurwa na:

Gusimbuza plasma. Ubu buvuzi burimo gukuramo igice cya liquide cy’amaraso yawe, cyitwa plasma, no kuyatandukanya n’uturemangingo tw’amaraso. Uturemangingo tw’amaraso hanyuma dukavangwa n’umuti wa poroteyine witwa albumin hanyuma ugasubizwa mu mubiri wawe. Gusimbuza plasma bishobora gukoreshwa niba ibimenyetso byawe bishya, bikomeye kandi bitavuwe na steroide. Gusimbuza plasma bizwi kandi nka plasmapheresis.

Hariho imiti myinshi ihindura uburyo indwara ikora (DMTs) yo kuvura MS isubiramo. Imwe muri iyi miti ya DMT ishobora kugira akamaro kuri MS yiyongera. Imwe iboneka kuri MS yiyongera.

Ibyinshi mu bisubizo by’umubiri bifitanye isano na MS bibaho mu ntangiriro z’indwara. Ubuvuzi bukomeye bukoresheje iyi miti hakiri kare bishobora kugabanya umubare w’ibitero bisubiramo no kugabanya imiterere y’ibikomere bishya. Iyi miti ishobora kugabanya ibyago by’ibikomere no kubaho kw’ubumuga.

Imiti myinshi ihindura uburyo indwara ikora ikoreshwa mu kuvura MS ifite ibyago bikomeye ku buzima. Guhitamo ubuvuzi bukubereye biterwa n’ibintu byinshi. Ibyo bintu birimo igihe umaze ufite iyo ndwara n’ibimenyetso byawe. Ikipe yawe y’ubuvuzi irebana kandi niba ubuvuzi bwa MS bwakozwe mbere bwakoze n’ibindi bibazo byawe by’ubuzima. Igiciro niba ufite gahunda yo kubyara mu gihe kiri imbere na byo ni ibintu bigomba kwitabwaho mu gihe uhisemo ubuvuzi.

Uburyo bwo kuvura MS isubiramo burimo imiti iterwa, imiti inyobwa n’imiti iterwa mu mitsi.

Imiti iterwa irimo:

Imiti ya interferon beta. Iyi miti ikora mu kubangamira indwara zigaba igitero ku mubiri. Ishobora kugabanya kubyimba no kongera gukura kw’imitsi. Imiti ya interferon beta iterwa munsi y’uruhu cyangwa mu mitsi. Ishobora kugabanya umubare w’ibitero bisubiramo no kubigira byoroheje.

Ingaruka mbi za interferon zishobora kuba harimo ibimenyetso nk’iby’igipfapfa n’ingaruka ku gice cyaterwemo urushinge. Uzakeneye ibizamini by’amaraso kugira ngo ugenzure imisemburo yawe y’umwijima kuko kwangirika kw’umwijima ni ingaruka ishoboka yo gukoresha interferon. Abantu bafata interferon bashobora gutera antikorora bishobora kugabanya uko imiti ikora.

Glatiramer acetate (Copaxone, Glatopa). Iyi miti ishobora gufasha mu kuburizamo igitero cy’umubiri wawe kuri myelin. Glatiramer acetate iterwa munsi y’uruhu. Ingaruka mbi zishobora kuba harimo kubyimba kw’uruhu aho haterwemo urushinge n’ububabare.
Ofatumumab (Kesimpta, Arzerra). Iyi miti igaba igitero ku turemangingo yangiza sisitemu y’imitsi. Iyi turemangingo twitwa B cells. Ofatumumab iterwa urushinge munsi y’uruhu. Ishobora kugabanya ibyago by’ibikomere bishya n’ibimenyetso bishya cyangwa biba bibi. Ingaruka mbi zishoboka ni indwara zandura, ingaruka ku gice cyaterwemo urushinge n’ububabare bw’umutwe.

Imiti ya interferon beta. Iyi miti ikora mu kubangamira indwara zigaba igitero ku mubiri. Ishobora kugabanya kubyimba no kongera gukura kw’imitsi. Imiti ya interferon beta iterwa munsi y’uruhu cyangwa mu mitsi. Ishobora kugabanya umubare w’ibitero bisubiramo no kubigira byoroheje.

Imiti inyobwa irimo:

Teriflunomide (Aubagio). Iyi miti inyobwa rimwe ku munsi ishobora kugabanya ibitero bisubiramo. Teriflunomide ishobora gutera kwangirika kw’umwijima, kugwa kw’imisatsi n’izindi ngaruka mbi. Iyi miti ifitanye isano n’ubumuga bw’ababyeyi iyo ifatwa n’abagabo n’abagore. Koresha uburyo bwo kuburizamo imbyaro mu gihe ufata iyi miti no mu myaka ibiri ikurikiyeho. Abashakanye bifuza gutwita bashobora kuvugana n’abaganga babo ku buryo bwo gukuramo iyi miti mu mubiri vuba. Teriflunomide isaba gupima amaraso buri gihe.
Dimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera). Iyi miti inyobwa kabiri ku munsi ishobora kugabanya ibitero bisubiramo. Ingaruka mbi zishobora kuba harimo kubura amaraso, impiswi, isereri no kugabanuka kw’uturemangingo tw’amaraso yera. Dimethyl fumarate isaba gupima amaraso buri gihe.
Diroximel fumarate (Vumerity). Iyi capsule inyobwa kabiri ku munsi isa na dimethyl fumarate ariko isanzwe itera ingaruka mbi nke. Yemejwe kuvura MS isubiramo.
Monomethyl fumarate (Bafiertam) yemewe na U.S. Food and Drug Administration, izwi kandi nka FDA, nk’imiti ifite akagero gahoro kandi gakomeye. Igihe cyo gutanga imiti bishobora gufasha kugabanya ingaruka mbi. Ingaruka mbi zishoboka ni kubura amaraso, kwangirika kw’umwijima, ububabare bw’inda n’indwara zandura.
Cladribine (Mavenclad). Iyi miti isanzwe yandikwa nk’ubuvuzi bwa kabiri kubafite MS isubiramo. Yemejwe kandi kuri MS yiyongera. Iterwa mu nzira ebyiri z’ubuvuzi, zikwirakwizwa mu gihe cy’ibyumweru bibiri, mu myaka ibiri. Ingaruka mbi harimo indwara z’ubuhumekero, ububabare bw’umutwe, uburibwe, indwara zikomeye zandura no kugabanuka kw’uturemangingo tw’amaraso yera. Abantu bafite indwara zandura zikomeye cyangwa kanseri ntibagomba gufata iyi miti. Abantu batwite cyangwa bonsa ntibagomba gufata iyi miti. Koresha uburyo bwo kuburizamo imbyaro mu gihe ufata cladribine no mu mezi atandatu akurikiyeho. Ushobora gukenera ibizamini by’amaraso buri gihe mu gihe ufata cladribine.

Imiti iterwa mu mitsi irimo:

Natalizumab (Tysabri). Iyi ni antikorora ya monoclonal igaragaye ko igabanya umubare w’ibitero bisubiramo kandi igabanya ibyago by’ubumuga.

Natalizumab igengwa kugira ngo iburize urujya n’uruza rw’uturemangingo tw’umubiri bishobora kwangiza kuva mu maraso yawe ujya mu bwonko bwawe no mu mugongo. Ishobora gufatwa nk’ubuvuzi bwa mbere kubantu bamwe bafite MS isubiramo cyangwa nk’ubuvuzi bwa kabiri mu bandi.

Iyi miti yongera ibyago by’indwara ikomeye y’ubwonko iterwa na virusi yitwa progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Ibyago byiyongera mu bantu bafite antikorora ziterwa na virusi ya PML JC. Abantu badafite antikorora bafite ibyago bike cyane bya PML.

Ublituximab (Briumvi). Ubu buvuzi ni antikorora ya monoclonal ikoreshwa mu kuvura MS isubiramo. Ublituximab iterwa mu mitsi mu gihe ugenzurwa. Ublituximab ishobora gukoreshwa ku bantu badashobora gufata ocrelizumab. Ingaruka mbi harimo ingaruka zo guterwa mu mitsi, ibyago byiyongereye by’indwara zandura n’ibyago byiyongereye byo kwangiza umwana.
Alemtuzumab (Campath, Lemtrada). Ubu buvuzi ni antikorora ya monoclonal igabanya umubare w’ibitero bisubiramo buri mwaka kandi igaragaza inyungu za MRI.

Iyi miti ifasha kugabanya ibitero bisubiramo bya MS mu gufata poroteyine iri ku ruhu rw’uturemangingo tw’umubiri no gukuraho uturemangingo tw’amaraso yera. Iyi ngaruka ishobora kugabanya kwangirika kw’imitsi guterwa n’uturemangingo tw’amaraso yera. Ariko kandi yongera ibyago by’indwara zandura n’ibibazo by’umubiri, harimo ibyago byinshi by’indwara z’umubiri zifitanye isano na thyroid n’indwara z’impyiko ziterwa n’umubiri zidafite akamaro.

Ubuvuzi bukoresheje alemtuzumab burimo iminsi itanu yikurikiranya yo guterwa imiti mu mitsi ikurikiwe n’indi minsi itatu yo guterwa imiti mu mitsi nyuma y’umwaka. Ingaruka zo guterwa imiti mu mitsi ni zo zisanzwe kuri alemtuzumab.

Alemtuzumab iboneka gusa ku baganga bamaze kwiyandikisha. Abantu bavuwe iyi miti bagomba kwiyandikisha muri gahunda yihariye yo kugenzura umutekano w’imiti. Alemtuzumab isanzwe isabwa kubafite MS ikomeye cyangwa nk’ubuvuzi bwa kabiri niba indi miti ya MS itarakora.

Natalizumab (Tysabri). Iyi ni antikorora ya monoclonal igaragaye ko igabanya umubare w’ibitero bisubiramo kandi igabanya ibyago by’ubumuga.

Ocrelizumab (Ocrevus). Iyi miti yemewe na FDA kuvura MS isubiramo na MS yiyongera. Ubu buvuzi bugabanya umubare w’ibitero bisubiramo n’ibyago byo kubaho kw’ubumuga muri sclerosis nyinshi isubiramo. Nanone bugabanya iterambere rya sclerosis nyinshi yiyongera.

Isuzuma ry’ubuvuzi ryagaragaje ko igabanya umubare w’ibitero bisubiramo mu ndwara isubiramo kandi igabanya kubaho kw’ubumuga mu bwoko bwombi bw’indwara.

Alemtuzumab (Campath, Lemtrada). Ubu buvuzi ni antikorora ya monoclonal igabanya umubare w’ibitero bisubiramo buri mwaka kandi igaragaza inyungu za MRI.

Ubuvuzi bw’umubiri bushobora kubaka imbaraga z’imitsi no koroshya bimwe mu bimenyetso bya MS.

Iyi miti ishobora gufasha kugabanya bimwe mu bimenyetso bya MS.

Ubuvuzi. Umuganga w’umubiri cyangwa umuganga w’imirimo ashobora kukwigisha imyitozo yo kwerekana no gukomeza imitsi. Umuvuzi ashobora kandi kukwereka uko wakoresha ibikoresho kugira ngo birorohe gukora imirimo ya buri munsi.

Ubuvuzi bw’umubiri n’ibikoresho byo kugenda, igihe bibaye ngombwa, bishobora kandi gufasha gucunga intege z’amaguru no gufasha kunoza uburyo bwo kugenda.

Imiti igabanya ububabare bw’imitsi. Ushobora kugira ububabare bw’imitsi cyangwa guhindagurika, cyane cyane mu maguru yawe. Imiti igabanya ububabare bw’imitsi nka baclofen (Lioresal, Gablofen), tizanidine (Zanaflex) na cyclobenzaprine (Amrix, Fexmid) ishobora gufasha. Ubuvuzi bwa Onabotulinumtoxin A (Botox) ni ubundi buryo bwo kuvura imitsi ikomera.
Imiti yongera umuvuduko wo kugenda. Dalfampridine (Ampyra) ishobora gufasha mu kongera umuvuduko wo kugenda gato mu bantu bamwe. Ingaruka mbi zishoboka ni indwara z’inzira y’umuyoboro w’inkari, guhindagurika, kudasinzira n’ububabare bw’umutwe. Abantu bafite amateka y’indwara z’ubwonko cyangwa ikibazo cy’impyiko ntibagomba gufata iyi miti.

Ubuvuzi. Umuganga w’umubiri cyangwa umuganga w’imirimo ashobora kukwigisha imyitozo yo kwerekana no gukomeza imitsi. Umuvuzi ashobora kandi kukwereka uko wakoresha ibikoresho kugira ngo birorohe gukora imirimo ya buri munsi.

Ubuvuzi bw’umubiri n’ibikoresho byo kugenda, igihe bibaye ngombwa, bishobora kandi gufasha gucunga intege z’amaguru no gufasha kunoza uburyo bwo kugenda.

Inhibitor ya Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) ni ubuvuzi buri kwiga muri sclerosis nyinshi isubiramo na sclerosis nyinshi yiyongera. Ikora mu guhindura imikorere ya B cells, ari zo turemangingo tw’umubiri muri sisitemu y’imitsi.

Ubundi buvuzi buri kwiga ku bantu bafite MS ni ugusimbuza uturemangingo. Ubu buvuzi buwangiza sisitemu y’umubiri y’umuntu ufite MS hanyuma bugasimbuzwa uturemangingo twiza twasimbuwe. Abashakashatsi baracyiga niba ubu buvuzi bushobora kugabanya kubyimba mu bantu bafite MS no gufasha “gusubira” sisitemu y’umubiri. Ingaruka mbi zishoboka ni umuriro n’indwara zandura.

Ubwoko bwa poroteyine bwitwa CD40L buboneka muri T cells byagaragaye ko bufite uruhare muri MS. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe vuba aha bwerekanye ko guhagarika iyi poroteyine bishobora gufasha gucunga MS.

Imiti nshya yitwa phosphodiesterase inhibitor na yo iri kwiga. Iyi miti ikora mu kugabanya kubyimba mu guhindura ibisubizo byangiza sisitemu y’umubiri biboneka muri MS.

Abashakashatsi baracyiga byinshi ku buryo imiti ihindura uburyo indwara ikora ikora kugira ngo igabanye ibitero bisubiramo no kugabanya ibikomere bifitanye isano na sclerosis nyinshi mu bwonko. Ubushakashatsi bundi bukenewe kugira ngo hamenyekane niba ubuvuzi bushobora gutinda ubumuga buterwa n’indwara.

Aderesi: 506/507, 1st Main Rd, Murugeshpalya, K R Garden, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560075

Umuhakana: Kanama ni urubuga rw'amakuru y'ubuzima kandi ibisubizo byayo ntibigize inama z'ubuvuzi. Jya ubona umuganga ufite uruhushya rwo gukorera hafi yawe mbere yo gukora impinduka izo ari zo zose.

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