Ese ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n'Ubuvuzi

Ese ni indwara yandura iterwa na virusi, itera kubyimba kw'ibice byo mu kanwa, cyane cyane ibyo hafi y'amatwi n'umunwa. Iyi ndwara ikunda kwibasira abana, nubwo n'abakuze bashobora kuyirwara badakingiwe cyangwa batarwaye mbere.

Iyi ndwara ikwirakwira vuba binyuze mu mubu w'ubuhumekero iyo umuntu urwaye Ese akorora, agasama, cyangwa agakora ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose. Nubwo Ese yahoze ari indwara ikunze kugaragara, gukingira byatumye igabanuka cyane mu bihugu byinshi muri iki gihe.

Ibimenyetso bya Ese ni ibihe?

Ikimenyetso gikomeye cya Ese ni kubyimba kw'ibice byo mu kanwa, bigatuma mu maso hagaragara nk'aho habyimbye, cyane cyane hafi y'umunwa n'amatwi. Ibi bibyimba bisanzwe bigaragara ku ruhande rumwe cyangwa ku mpande zombi z'umutwe, kandi bishobora gutuma kurya, kunywa, cyangwa no kuvuga bigorana.

Mbere y'uko ibi bibyimba bigaragara, ushobora kubona ibimenyetso by'ibanze bishobora kugufasha kumenya iyi ndwara:

• Umuriro, ukunda kugera kuri 38-39°C
• Kubabara umutwe no kumva utameze neza
• Kubabara imikaya mu mubiri wose
• Kubura ubushake bwo kurya
• Kugira umunaniro n'intege nke
• Kubabara igihe urimo kuruma cyangwa urimo kwishima
• Kugorana gufungura umunwa rwose

Ibyibyimba bisanzwe bigera ku ntambwe yabyo mu minsi 1-3, kandi bishobora kumara iminsi 10. Abantu benshi batangira kumva bameze neza uko ibyibyimba bigenda bigabanuka, nubwo gukira burundu bishobora kumara ibyumweru bibiri.

Ese iterwa n'iki?

Ese iterwa na virusi yitwa Ese, ikaba iri mu muryango wa virusi zitwa paramyxoviruses. Iyi virusi irashisha ibice byo mu kanwa, itera kubyimba n'ububabare biranga iyi ndwara.

Iyi virusi ikwirakwira kuva ku muntu ku wundi binyuze mu mubu w'ubuhumekero. Iyo umuntu urwaye Ese akorora, agasama, agatuka, cyangwa akora ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose, arekura utudodo duto twanduye mu kirere. Ushobora kwandura Ese uhuhumiye utwo tudodo cyangwa ukoreye ku bintu byanduye hanyuma ukakora mu maso.

Abantu barwaye Ese baba bandura cyane kuva iminsi ibiri mbere y'uko ibimenyetso bigaragara kugeza ku minsi itanu nyuma y'uko ibyibyimba bitangiye. Ibi bivuze ko umuntu ashobora gukwirakwiza virusi mbere y'uko azi ko arwaye, ariyo mpamvu Ese ishobora gukwirakwira vuba mu mashuri, mu bigo by'amashuri makuru, cyangwa ahandi abantu baba hafi.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera Ese?

Ukwiye kuvugana n'abaganga bawe niba ukekako ufite Ese, cyane cyane niba ubona kubyimba mu maso hamwe n'umuriro. Kumenya hakiri kare bifasha mu gutanga ubuvuzi bukwiye no gukumira gukwirakwiza iyi ndwara.

Shaka ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa niba wowe cyangwa umwana wawe mugize ibimenyetso bikomeye:

• Kubabara umutwe cyane hamwe no kubabara ijosi
• Umuriro ukabije urenze 39.4°C
• Kubabara mu nda cyane
• Kubabara cyangwa kubyimba kw'ibihaha mu bagabo
• Kubabara amatwi cyangwa kugira ibibazo by'umva
• Kugorana gusinzira cyangwa guhubuka
• Kuruka kenshi

Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kugaragaza ingaruka zikomeye zisaba ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa. Ntugatinye guhamagara muganga wawe niba uhangayikishijwe n'ikimenyetso icyo ari cyo cyose, kuko bashobora kugufasha ukurikije uko uhagaze.

Ibyago byo kwandura Ese ni ibihe?

Ibyago byo kwandura Ese biterwa ahanini n'uburyo wakingiwe n'uko wahuriye na virusi. Abantu batakingiwe cyangwa batakingiwe neza bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura.

Hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kongera ibyago byo kwandura Ese:

• Kuba utarakingiwe cyangwa utarakingiwe neza
• Kuba wavutse mbere ya 1957 (igihe gukingira bitari bimenyerewe)
• Kuba mu rugo ruto nk'ibigo by'amashuri makuru cyangwa ibigo bya gisirikare
• Kujya mu turere Ese ikunze kugaragara
• Kugira ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buke
• Guhura n'umuntu urwaye Ese

Imyaka ikinjiramo, nubwo bitagereranywa n'uburyo wakingiwe. Nubwo Ese yahoze ikunda kwibasira abana, iheruka gukwirakwira mu rubyiruko n'abakuze, cyane cyane mu bigo by'amashuri makuru aho abantu baba hafi.

Ingaruka zishoboka za Ese ni izihe?

Abantu benshi barakira Ese batagize ibibazo bikomeye, ariko ingaruka zishobora kubaho, cyane cyane mu rubyiruko n'abakuze. Gusobanukirwa ibyo bishoboka bigufasha kumenya icyo ukwiye kwitondera mu gihe cyo gukira.

Ingaruka zisanzwe zishobora kubaho zirimo:

• Orchitis (kubyimba kw'ibihaha) mu bagabo bamaze gukura
• Oophoritis (kubyimba kw'igihaha) mu bagore
• Meningite (kubyimba kw'inkingi z'ubwonko n'umugongo)
• Kubura kumva by'igihe gito
• Pancreatite (kubyimba kw'ibice by'umwijima)

Ingaruka zikomeye ariko zidashiraho zishobora kubaho, nubwo bidafata abantu benshi, ubuvuzi bukwiye buhawe.

• Kubura kumva burundu
• Encephalite (kubyimba kw'ubwonko)
• Myocardite (kubyimba kw'umutima)
• Uburwayi bw'ingingo
• Ibibazo by'impyiko
• Kugwa inda mu bagore batwite (bihora bike)

Ingaruka nyinshi zikira burundu uko igihe gihita n'ubuvuzi bukwiye. Abaganga bawe bazakukurikirana kugira ngo barebe ko nta ngaruka zikomeye, kandi bagutange ubuvuzi niba bibaye ngombwa.

Ese ishobora gukumirwa gute?

Urukingo rwa MMR rutanga uburinzi bukomeye kuri Ese. Uru rukingo rufite akamaro kanini kandi rwagabanije cyane ubwandu bwa Ese ku isi hose kuva rwatangijwe.

Gahunda yo gukingira isanzwe irimo inkingo ebyiri: urukingo rwa mbere hagati y'amezi 12-15, n'urukingo rwa kabiri hagati y'imyaka 4-6. Abakuze bavutse nyuma ya 1957 batarakingiwe bagomba guhabwa urukingo rumwe, kandi abaganga cyangwa abantu bajya mu mahanga bashobora gukeneye inkingo ebyiri.

Uretse gukingira, ushobora kugabanya ibyago binyuze mu myitwarire myiza y'isuku:

• Koga intoki kenshi n'amazi n'isabune
• Kwirinda guhura n'abarwayi
• Kudakoresha ibikombe, ibikoresho, cyangwa ibintu bya buri wese
• Kwikingira umunwa n'izuru igihe urimo ukonka cyangwa urimo gusama
• Kuguma mu rugo igihe urwaye

Niba utari uzi neza uko wakingiwe, ikizamini cy'amaraso gishobora kureba urwego rw'ubudahangarwa bwawe, cyangwa ushobora gukingirwa nta kibazo, uko waba wara kingiwe mbere.

Ese imenyekanwa ite?

Abaganga basanzwe bamenya Ese binyuze mu bimenyetso biranga, cyane cyane kubyimba mu maso hamwe n'umuriro n'ibindi bimenyetso bya virusi. Abaganga bawe bazasuzuma ibice byawe byabyimbye kandi bakubaze ibibazo ku bimenyetso byawe n'uburyo wakingiwe.

Kugira ngo yemeze uko biri, muganga wawe ashobora gusaba ibizamini byihariye:

• Ibizamini by'amaraso kugira ngo hamenyekane antikorps za Ese cyangwa virusi ubwayo
• Ibizamini by'umusemburo cyangwa ibizamini byo mu kanwa kugira ngo hamenyekane virusi ya Ese
• Ibizamini by'inkari mu bihe bimwe na bimwe

Ibi bizamini bifasha gutandukanya Ese n'izindi ndwara zishobora gutera kubyimba nk'uko, nko kwandura kw'ibice byo mu kanwa cyangwa izindi ndwara ziterwa na virusi. Kumenya neza uko biri ni ingenzi kugira ngo ubone ubuvuzi bukwiye no gukumira gukwirakwiza iyi ndwara.

Ubuvuzi bwa Ese ni buhe?

Nta muti udasanzwe wo kurwanya virusi ya Ese, bityo ubuvuzi bugamije guhangana n'ibimenyetso no gufasha umubiri gukira. Abantu benshi barakira neza baruhutse kandi bafashwe neza mu rugo.

Abaganga bawe bashobora kugusaba ibi bikurikira:

• Kuruhukira cyane kugira ngo ubudahangarwa bwawe buhangane na virusi
• Gutakaza imiti igabanya ububabare nka acetaminophen cyangwa ibuprofen kugira ngo ugabanye ububabare n'umuriro
• Gushyira ibintu bishyushye cyangwa bibyutse ku bice byabyimbye kugira ngo ugume utuje
• Kunywamo amazi menshi kugira ngo ugume ufite amazi ahagije
• Kurya ibiryo byoroshye bidakeneye kurumwa cyane
• Kwima ibiryo n'ibinyobwa byuzuye aside bishobora kongera ububabare

Niba hari ingaruka zikomeye, muganga wawe azakugenera ubuvuzi bukwiye. Urugero, indwara zikomeye zishobora gusaba kujya mu bitaro kugira ngo ubone amazi mu mitsi cyangwa gukurikiranwa, mu gihe ingaruka nk'orchitis zishobora gusaba ubuvuzi bwo kugabanya ububabare n'imiti igabanya kubyimba.

Uko wakwitaho iwawe igihe urwaye Ese

Kwita ku buzima bwawe iwawe ni ingenzi mu gukira Ese. Ikintu nyamukuru ni ukuruhukira, kuguma utuje, no gufasha umubiri wawe kurwanya virusi.

Fata ingamba zo kurya no kunywa zigabanya ububabare:

• Hitamo ibiryo byoroshye, bidafite uburyohe bwinshi nk'isupu, yogurt, cyangwa ibirayi byasheshwe
• Nywa amazi menshi, ariko wirinda imitobe y'imbuto ifite aside ishobora kubabaza
• Koresha umusego niba gufungura umunwa bikugora
• Koga mu kanwa amazi ashyushye afite umunyu kugira ngo ugume utuje

Kugira ngo ugabanye ububabare n'ibyibyimba, hindura hagati y'ibintu bishyushye n'ibibyutse ku bice byawe byabyimbye kugira ngo urebe icyo ukunda. Fata imiti igabanya ububabare nk'uko muganga wawe yabigutegetse, kandi ntukarenze umwanya uteganyijwe.

Guma utandukanye n'abandi kugeza ku minsi itanu nyuma y'uko ibimenyetso byawe bitangiye kugira ngo wirinde gukwirakwiza virusi. Ibi bivuze kuguma mu rugo uvuye mu kazi, mu ishuri, cyangwa mu bikorwa by'abantu benshi muri icyo gihe cyo kwandura.

Uko wakwitegura kujya kwa muganga

Mbere yo kujya kwa muganga, kora amakuru y'ibimenyetso byawe, harimo igihe byatangiye n'uko byagiye bikura. Andika ibimenyetso byawe byose, ndetse n'ibyo ushobora kumva bidakomeye, kuko ibi bifasha muganga wawe kubona ishusho yuzuye.

Zana amakuru y'ubuzima bwawe:

• Inyandiko z'uburyo wakingiwe, cyane cyane amatariki y'inkingo za MMR
• Urutonde rw'imiti n'ibindi ukoresha
• Amakuru yerekeye ingendo za vuba aha cyangwa guhura n'abarwayi
• Amateka y'Ese cyangwa izindi ndwara nk'izo

Tegura ibibazo ushaka kubabaza muganga wawe, nko kumenya igihe uzaba ukiri kwandura, igihe ushobora gusubira mu kazi cyangwa mu ishuri, n'ibimenyetso bikwiye kukubwira guhamagara. Ntugatinye kubabaza icyo ari cyo cyose uhangayikishijwe.

Hamagara mbere kugira ngo ubwire ibiro ko ukekako ufite Ese kugira ngo bafate ingamba zo kwirinda gukwirakwiza iyi ndwara ku barwayi bandi. Bashobora kukubwira kwinjira mu nzira itandukanye cyangwa gutegereza ahantu hatandukanye.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya kuri Ese

Ese ni indwara yandura iterwa na virusi kandi ishobora gukumirwa, itera kubyimba kw'ibice byo mu kanwa. Nubwo bishobora kuba bibi kandi rimwe na rimwe bigatera ingaruka, abantu benshi barakira neza baruhutse kandi bafashwe neza.

Ikintu gikomeye cyo kwibuka ni uko gukingira bitanga uburinzi bukomeye kuri Ese. Niba utari uzi neza uko wakingiwe, vugana n'abaganga bawe kugira ngo ukingirwe cyangwa barebe ubudahangarwa bwawe.

Niba urwaye Ese, shyira imbaraga mu kuruhuka, mu gufata ingamba zo kuguma utuje, no kuguma utandukanye n'abandi kugira ngo wirinde gukwirakwiza iyi ndwara. Ibimenyetso byinshi bikira mu byumweru 1-2, kandi ingaruka zikomeye ntizihora zibaho. Izera ubushobozi bw'umubiri wawe bwo gukira mu gihe ubonye ubuvuzi bukwiye igihe bibaye ngombwa.

Ibibazo bikunze kubaho kuri Ese

Ese ushobora kwandura Ese kabiri?

Birakomeye cyane kwandura Ese kabiri. Iyo umaze kurwara Ese, ubudahangarwa bwawe busanzwe bubaka ubudahangarwa bw'ubuzima bwose kuri virusi. Ariko rero, hari igihe gito cyane cyo kwandura kabiri, bikunze kugaragara n'ibimenyetso bidakomeye.

Ese umuntu arandura Ese igihe kingana gute?

Uba wandura cyane kuva iminsi ibiri mbere y'uko ibimenyetso bigaragara kugeza ku minsi itanu nyuma y'uko ibyibyimba bitangiye. Ibi bivuze ko ushobora gukwirakwiza Ese mbere y'uko uzi ko urwaye. Iyo umaze iminsi itanu nta bimenyetso, ntuba ukiri kwandura.

Ese abakuze bashobora kwandura Ese niba bari barakingiwe bakiri bato?

Yego, nubwo bidafata abantu benshi. Urukingo rwa MMR rufite ingaruka zigera kuri 88% ku nkingo ebyiri, bivuze ko bamwe mu bantu bakingiwe bashobora kwandura Ese. Ariko rero, abantu bakingiwe barwaye Ese bakunze kugira ibimenyetso bidakomeye kandi bakira vuba kurusha abatarakingiwe.

Ese Ese ni ikibazo mu gihe cyo gutwita?

Ese mu gihe cyo gutwita ishobora kongera ibyago byo kugwa inda, cyane cyane mu mezi atatu ya mbere. Ariko rero, Ese ntabwo ikunda gutera ubumuga bw'umwana. Abagore batwite bakeka ko bahuye n'iyi ndwara bagomba kuvugana n'abaganga ba bo vuba kugira ngo babone ubujyanama n'ubukurikirane.

Ese Ese itandukaniye he n'izindi ndwara ziterwa no kubyimba mu maso?

Ese ikunda gutera kubyimba ku mpande zombi z'umutwe hafi y'amatwi n'umunwa, hamwe n'umuriro n'ububabare bw'umubiri. Izindi ndwara nk'ubwandu bw'ibice byo mu kanwa biterwa na bagiteri zikunda kwibasira uruhande rumwe gusa kandi zishobora kugira ibimenyetso bitandukanye. Muganga wawe ashobora kubitandukanya binyuze mu isuzuma n'ibizamini.