Narcolepsy

Narcolepsy ni uburwayi butuma umuntu arushya cyane mu manywa kandi bushobora gutuma aryama mu buryo butunguranye. Bamwe mu bantu barwaye iyi ndwara bagira n'ibindi bimenyetso, nko kugira intege nke z'imitsi iyo bagize ibyiyumvo bikomeye.

Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bwa buri munsi. Abantu barwaye narcolepsy bagira ikibazo cyo kuba maso igihe kirekire. Iyo narcolepsy itera gutakaza imbaraga z'imitsi mu buryo butunguranye, bimenyekana nka cataplexy (KAT-uh-plek-see). Ibi bishobora guterwa n'amarangamutima akomeye, cyane cyane aranga guseka.

Narcolepsy igabanyijemo ubwoko bubiri. Abantu benshi barwaye narcolepsy yo mu bwoko bwa mbere bagira cataplexy. Abantu benshi barwaye narcolepsy yo mu bwoko bwa kabiri ntabwo bagira cataplexy.

Narcolepsy ni uburwayi bwo mu buzima bwose kandi nta muti wayo. Ariko kandi, imiti n'impinduka mu mibereho bishobora gufasha mu gukemura ibi bimenyetso. Ubufasha bw'umuryango, inshuti, abakoresha n'abarimu bushobora gufasha abantu guhangana n'ubwo burwayi.

Ibimenyetso bya narcolepsy bishobora kuba bibi cyane mu myaka mike ya mbere. Hanyuma bikomeza ubuzima bwose. Ibimenyetso birimo: Uburwayi bukabije bwo kuryama mu manywa. Uburwayi bwo kuryama mu manywa ni bwo bimenyetso bwa mbere bigaragara, kandi ubu burwayi butuma bigoye kwibanda no gukora. Abantu barwaye narcolepsy bumva batagira ubushishozi kandi badakomeye mu manywa. Nanone barara badafite umutekano. Kurara bishobora kuba aho ari ho hose no mu gihe icyo ari cyo cyose. Bishobora kubaho iyo bababara cyangwa bakora akazi. Urugero, abantu barwaye narcolepsy bashobora kurara batunguranye mu gihe bakora cyangwa baganira n'incuti. Bishobora kuba bibangamira cyane kurara mu gihe utwaye imodoka. Kurara bishobora kumara iminota mike cyangwa iminota 30. Nyuma yo kubyuka, abantu barwaye narcolepsy bumva bafite imbaraga ariko bagasubira kurwara. Imiterere ya automatique. Bamwe mu bantu barwaye narcolepsy bakomeza gukora akazi mu gihe barara gato. Urugero, bashobora kurara mu gihe bandika, bakoresha mudasobwa cyangwa batwaye imodoka. Bashobora gukomeza gukora ako kazi mu gihe barara. Nyuma yo kubyuka, ntibabasha kwibuka ibyo bakoze, kandi birashoboka ko batabikoze neza. Kugwa k'imitsi gitunguranye. Iyi ndwara yitwa cataplexy. Ishobora gutuma umuntu avuga nabi cyangwa kugira intege nke zikomeye ku mitsi myinshi igihe kigera ku minota mike. Iterwa n'amarangamutima akomeye - akenshi amarangamutima meza. Kwenga cyangwa kwishima bishobora gutuma imitsi igwa gitunguranye. Ariko rimwe na rimwe ubwoba, gutungurwa cyangwa uburakari bishobora gutuma imitsi igwa. Urugero, iyo ukennye, umutwe wawe ushobora kugwa utabishaka. Cyangwa amaguru yawe ashobora gutakaza imbaraga, bigatuma ugasimbuka. Bamwe mu bantu barwaye narcolepsy bagira ikibazo kimwe cyangwa bibiri bya cataplexy mu mwaka. Abandi bagira ibibazo byinshi ku munsi. Si buri wese urwaye narcolepsy ugira ibi bimenyetso. Kurara udashobora kugenda. Abantu barwaye narcolepsy bashobora kugira ikibazo cyo kurara udashobora kugenda. Mu gihe cyo kurara udashobora kugenda, umuntu ntashobora kugenda cyangwa kuvuga mu gihe arara cyangwa akanguka. Ubu buhumeke busanzwe burambuye - bumara amasegonda make cyangwa iminota. Ariko bishobora gutera ubwoba. Ushobora kumenya ko bibaho kandi ugashobora kubyibuka nyuma. Si buri wese urara udashobora kugenda urwaye narcolepsy. Kubona ibintu bidahari. Rimwe na rimwe abantu babona ibintu bidahari mu gihe barara udashobora kugenda. Kubona ibintu bidahari bishobora kubaho mu buriri udataye kurara. Bwitwa hypnagogic hallucinations iyo bibaho mu gihe urara. Bwitwa hypnopompic hallucinations iyo bibaho mu gihe ukanguka. Urugero, umuntu ashobora gutekereza ko abona umunyamahanga mu cyumba cye cy'ibyari aho ataha. Ibi bintu bishobora kuba byiza kandi biteye ubwoba kuko ushobora kuba utarara neza mu gihe utangira kurota. Impinduka mu gihe cyo kurara cyane (REM). Igihe cyo kurara cyane niho kurota kenshi bibaho. Ubusanzwe, abantu binjira mu gihe cyo kurara cyane iminota 60 kugeza kuri 90 nyuma yo kurara. Ariko abantu barwaye narcolepsy bakunda kujya vuba mu gihe cyo kurara cyane. Bakunda kwinjira mu gihe cyo kurara cyane mu minota 15 nyuma yo kurara. Igihe cyo kurara cyane gishobora kuba igihe icyo ari cyo cyose cy'umunsi. Abantu barwaye narcolepsy bashobora kugira izindi ndwara zo kurara. Bashobora kugira obstructive sleep apnea, aho guhumeka gutangira no guhagarara nijoro. Cyangwa bashobora gukora ibyo barota, bizwi nka REM sleep behavior disorder. Cyangwa bashobora kugira ikibazo cyo kurara cyangwa gukomeza kurara, bizwi nka insomnia. Reba umuganga wawe niba ufite uburwayi bwo kuryama mu manywa bugira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe bwite cyangwa bwa k'umwuga.

Gira inama n'umuganga mu gihe ufite uburwayi bwo gusinzira ku manywa bugira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe bwite cyangwa akazi.

Intandukwa nyakuri y'indwara yo gusinzira cyane (narcolepsy) ntiiramenyekana. Abantu barwaye narcolepsy yo mu bwoko bwa mbere bagira ibyiciro bike bya hypocretin (hi-poe-KREE-tin), izwi kandi nka orexin. Hypocretin ni ikintu kiri mu bwonko gifasha mu kugenzura kuba maso no kwinjira mu gusinzira kwa REM.

Ibyiciro bya hypocretin biri hasi mu bantu bafite cataplexy.Icyo gituma utubuto dukora hypocretin mu bwonko dupfa ntibiramenyekana. Ariko impuguke zibikeka ko biterwa n'ubwirinzi bw'umubiri (autoimmune reaction). Ubwirwa bw'umubiri ni bwo umubiri wirinze ugasenya uturemangingo twawu.

Biragaragara ko irasanira (genetics) rigira uruhare muri narcolepsy. Ariko ibyago byo ko umubyeyi ashobora guha umwana iyi ndwara yo gusinzira ni bike cyane - ni 1% gusa kugeza kuri 2%.

Narcolepsy ishobora kuba ifitanye isano no kwandura icyorezo cya H1N1, rimwe na rimwe bitwa ibicurane by'ingurube. Ishobora kandi kuba ifitanye isano n'ubwoko runaka bw'inkingo ya H1N1 yatanzwe i Burayi.

Uburyo busanzwe bwo gusinzira butangira mu cyiciro cyitwa gusinzira kudakomoka ku migenzo y'amaso (NREM). Muri iki cyiciro, ibyiciro by'ubwonko biraruhura. Nyuma y'isaha imwe cyangwa zirenga zo gusinzira kwa NREM, ibikorwa by'ubwonko bihinduka maze gusinzira kwa REM bitangira. Inzozi nyinshi ziba mu gihe cyo gusinzira kwa REM.

Muri narcolepsy, ushobora kwinjira mu gusinzira kwa REM mu buryo butunguranye nyuma yo kunyura mu gusinzira kwa NREM guke. Ibi bishobora kuba haba nijoro no mu manywa. Cataplexy, ubuhumyi bwo gusinzira na hallucinations zisa n'impinduka ziba mu gihe cyo gusinzira kwa REM. Ariko muri narcolepsy, ibi bimenyetso bibaho mu gihe uri maso cyangwa usinzira.

Hari impamvu nke zisanzwe zizwi ziterwa na narcolepsy, zirimo:

• Imyaka. Narcolepsy isanzwe itangira hagati yimyaka 10 na 30.
• Amateka y'umuryango. Ibyago byawe byo kurwara narcolepsy ni hejuru cyane (inshuro 20 kugeza kuri 40) niba ufite umuntu wa hafi mu muryango ufite iyo ndwara.

Narcolepsy ishobora gutera ingaruka, nka:

• Kutizera ibyerekeye iyi ndwara. Narcolepsy ishobora kugira ingaruka ku kazi, ku ishuri cyangwa ku buzima bwawe bwite. Abandi bashobora kubona abantu barwaye narcolepsy nk'abantu batagira umwete cyangwa abantu bafite ubunebwe.
• Ingaruka ku mibanire y'abakundana. Iyi mimerere ikomeye, nko kurakara cyangwa kwishima, ishobora gutera cataplexy. Ibi bishobora gutuma abantu barwaye narcolepsy birinda imibanire ishingiye ku marangamutima.
• Ibibabaza umubiri. Gusinzira imburagihe bishobora gutera imvune. Ufite ibyago byinshi byo gukora impanuka y'imodoka niba usinzira ugiye gutwara imodoka. Ibyago byo gukata no gutwikwa byiyongera niba usinzira uri guteka.
• Gukama. Abantu barwaye narcolepsy bafite ibyago byinshi byo kuba barebire. Rimwe na rimwe ibiro byiyongera vuba iyo ibimenyetso bitangiye.

Umuhanga wawe wita ku buzima ashobora gukurikira narcolepsy ashingiye ku bimenyetso byawe byo gusinzira mu manywa no kubura imbaraga z'imitsi mu buryo butunguranye, bizwi nka cataplexy. Umuhanga wawe wita ku buzima ashobora kukwerekeza ku muhanga mu by'ubushyuhe. Kugirango hamenyekane neza uburwayi busanzwe bisaba kurara ijoro rimwe muri centre yita ku gusinzira kugira ngo hakorwe isuzuma ryimbitse ry'ubushyuhe.

Umuhanga mu by'ubushyuhe ashobora kumenya narcolepsy no kumenya uko ikaze ari yo, bishingiye kuri:

• Amateka yawe yo gusinzira. Amateka arambuye yo gusinzira ashobora gufasha mu kumenya uburwayi. Ushobora kuzuza urupapuro rwa Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Uru rupapuro rwibanda ku bibazo bigufi kugira ngo bipime urwego rwo gusinzira. Uzashubije uko bishoboka ko wasinzira mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, nko kwicara nyuma yo kurya.
• Inyandiko z'ubushyuhe bwawe. Ushobora gusabwa kwandika uburyo bwawe bwo gusinzira mu cyumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri. Ibi bituma umuhanga wawe wita ku buzima agereranya uburyo uburyo bwawe bwo gusinzira bushobora guhuza n'uko wumva uryohewe. Ushobora kwambara igikoresho ku kuboko kwawe, kizwi nka actigraph. Kipima ibihe by'imikorere n'ikiruhuko, hamwe n'uko kandi igihe usinzira.
• Isuzuma ry'ubushyuhe, rizwi nka polysomnography. Iki kizamini kipima ibimenyetso mu gihe cyo gusinzira hakoreshejwe disiki za metali z'ibyuma zizwi nka electrodes zishyirwa ku mutwe wawe. Kuri iki kizamini, ugomba kumara ijoro rimwe muri centre yita ku buzima. Iki kizamini kipima ibikorwa by'ubwonko bwawe, umuvuduko w'umutima no guhumeka. Kandi kwandika imiterere y'amaguru n'amaso.
• Ibizamini byinshi byo gusinzira. Iki kizamini kipima igihe bisaba kugira ngo usinzire mu manywa. Uzabazwa gusinzira inshuro enye cyangwa eshanu muri centre yita ku gusinzira. Buri sinziri rigomba kuba amasaha abiri. Abahanga bazakurikirana imiterere yawe yo gusinzira. Abantu bafite narcolepsy barasinzira vuba kandi binjira mu gusinzira byihuse (REM).
• Ibizamini bya genetique no kubaga mu mugongo, bizwi nka spinal tap. Rimwe na rimwe, ibizamini bya genetique bishobora gukorwa kugira ngo harebwe niba uri mu kaga rya narcolepsy yo mu bwoko bwa mbere. Niba aribyo, umuhanga wawe mu by'ubushyuhe ashobora kugusaba kubagwa mu mugongo kugira ngo arebe urwego rwa hypocretin mu mazi yo mu mugongo. Iki kizamini gikorwa gusa muri centre zihariye.

Ibi bizamini bishobora kandi gufasha mu gukumira izindi mpamvu zishoboka z'ibimenyetso byawe. Gusinzira cyane mu manywa bishobora kandi guterwa no kudasinzira bihagije, imiti ikurwanya gusinzira na sleep apnea.