Ibyimba mu Mazuru: Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n’Ubuvuzi

Ibyimba mu mazuru ni ibintu byoroshye, bidafite ububabare, bikura imbere mu mazuru yawe no mu myanya y’amazuru. Utekereza nk’utudomo duto, dumeze nk’umwimerere, tubaho iyo uruhu rw’imbere mu mazuru yawe ruziba kandi rugatakaza ubushobozi bwo gukora neza igihe kirekire.

Ibi bintu nta cyago cyabyo, bisobanura ko atari kanseri. Bikura buhoro buhoro kandi bishobora kuba bito cyangwa bikaba binini ku buryo bishobora kubuza umwuka guca mu mazuru. Nubwo bishobora kuba bibi, ibyimba mu mazuru ni byinshi kandi bivurwa neza.

Ibimenyetso by’ibyimba mu mazuru ni ibihe?

Ikimenyetso gikomeye ushobora kubona ni ugutinda guhumeka mu mazuru, cyane cyane iyo iminkanyari yombi yumvikana ko ifunze. Ibi bibaho kuko ibyimba bishobora kubangamira cyangwa bikabuza burundu umwuka guca mu mazuru.

Dore ibimenyetso ushobora kugira, uhereye ku bikomeye kugeza ku bito:

• Amazuru afunze adakira n’imiti y’amazuru
• Kumva impumuro cyangwa uburyohe nabi
• Amazuru aruka arimo umusemburo ukomeye, utari mwiza
• Kumva igitutu cyangwa ibintu byuzuye mu maso
• Kubabara umutwe, cyane cyane mu gahanga no mu masaya
• Kurara utuje cyangwa kudasinzira neza
• Inkorora idashira, cyane cyane nijoro

Gake cyane, bamwe bagira ububabare mu maso, ububabare bw’amenyo yo hejuru, cyangwa kumva nk’aho hari ikintu kibangamiye mu muhogo. Ibimenyetso bikunze kuza buhoro buhoro mu byumweru cyangwa amezi, bityo ushobora kutamenya ko biriho ako kanya.

Ubwoko bw’ibyimba mu mazuru ni ubuhe?

Ibyinshi mu byimba byo mu mazuru bigabanywa mu byiciro bibiri by’ingenzi bitewe n’aho bikura. Gusobanukirwa ubwoko bwabyo bishobora gufasha muganga wawe guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo kubuvura.

Ibyimba byo mu myanya y’amazuru ni byo bikunze kugaragara. Bikura mu myanya y’amazuru iri hagati y’amazuru na ubwonko. Ibi bikunze kwibasira impande zombi z’amazuru kandi bikunze guhurirana n’indwara z’ibyorezo cyangwa ibicurane.

Ibyimba byo mu myanya y’amazuru biri gake kandi bikunze kuba ku ruhande rumwe rw’amazuru. Bitangira mu myanya y’amazuru iri mu gace k’amasaya kandi bishobora gukura cyane, rimwe na rimwe bikagera mu muhogo. Ibi bikunze kugaragara mu bana n’abakiri bato.

Intandaro y’ibyimba mu mazuru ni iyihe?

Ibyimba mu mazuru bikura iyo uruhu rw’imbere mu mazuru yawe n’imbere mu myanya y’amazuru rukomeza gutukura igihe kirekire. Ubu burwayi buhoraho butuma uruhu ruziba kandi amaherezo rugakora ibi bintu byoroshye, bimeze nk’ibitonyanga.

Indwara nyinshi zishobora gutera ubwo burwayi buhoraho:

• Indwara z’imbere mu mazuru zidakira (indwara z’imbere mu mazuru zihoraho)
• Indwara z’ibyorezo (ibicurane) bituruka ku mbuto y’ibimera, utubuto tw’umukungugu, cyangwa ubwoya bw’amatungo
• Ibicurane, cyane cyane iyo bihurirana no kutihanganira aspirine
• Cystic fibrosis, indwara y’umuzuko iterwa n’imiterere y’umuntu
• Indwara z’ibyorezo ziterwa n’ibinyampeke bituruka ku myeyo cyangwa ibintu by’ibinyampeke

Gake cyane, zimwe mu ndwara z’imiterere y’umuntu nka Churg-Strauss syndrome cyangwa indwara z’imbere mu mazuru zikunze kugaruka zishobora gutera ibyimba. Bamwe mu bantu barabyibasirwa nta ntandaro igaragara, abaganga babita ibyimba byo mu mazuru bitazwi.

Ugomba kubona muganga igihe kihe kubera ibyimba byo mu mazuru?

Ugomba guhamagara muganga niba umaze ibyumweru birenga kimwe ufite amazuru afunze adakira n’imiti yo mu maduka. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane niba amazuru yombi afunze.

Shaka ubufasha bw’abaganga vuba niba ubona ko impumuro cyangwa uburyohe bwawe byagabanutse cyane. Ibi bihinduka bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mibereho yawe kandi bishobora kugaragaza ko ibyimba biri kubangamira imikorere y’amazuru yawe.

Hamagara muganga wawe ako kanya niba ufite ibimenyetso bikomeye nko kubabara mu maso cyane, guhindagurika k’ubushyuhe, guhinduka kw’ubuhumekero, cyangwa kubabara umutwe cyane. Nubwo ari gake, ibi bishobora kugaragaza indwara ikomeye y’imbere mu mazuru isaba ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa.

Ibyago byo kwibasirwa n’ibyimba byo mu mazuru ni ibihe?

Ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora gutuma ushobora kurwara ibyimba byo mu mazuru, nubwo kubigira bitakwizeza ko uzabirwara. Gusobanukirwa ibyago byawe bishobora kugufasha gufata ingamba zo kwirinda.

Ibyago bikomeye harimo:

• Kurwara ibicurane, cyane cyane niba kandi utihanganira aspirine
• Indwara z’imbere mu mazuru zikunze kugaruka cyangwa indwara z’imbere mu mazuru zihoraho
• Indwara z’ibyorezo by’ibihe cyangwa izahoraho
• Amateka y’umuryango w’ibyimba byo mu mazuru
• Cystic fibrosis
• Kuba uri hagati y’imyaka 40 na 60

Abagabo bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara ibyimba byo mu mazuru kurusha abagore. Byongeye kandi, niba ufite indwara yitwa aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, ibyago byawe bizagenda byiyongera cyane.

Ingaruka zishoboka z’ibyimba byo mu mazuru ni izihe?

Nubwo ibyimba byo mu mazuru ubwayo atari bibi, bishobora gutera ingaruka mbi niba bitavuwe. Inkuru nziza ni uko ingaruka nyinshi zishobora kwirindwa hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Ingaruka zisanzwe ushobora kugira harimo:

• Indwara z’imbere mu mazuru zikunze kugaruka kubera ko umusemburo udashobora kuva neza
• Kudasinzira neza kubera amazuru afunze cyane
• Gutakaza burundu impumuro cyangwa uburyohe
• Kugira ibicurane bikomeye

Ingaruka zikomeye ariko zidafite akaga zishobora kubaho niba ibyimba bikura cyane cyangwa niba indwara ikwirakwira. Ibi bishobora kuba harimo ibibazo by’amaso niba indwara igera mu gace kari hafi y’amaso, cyangwa mu bihe bidafite akaga, indwara z’ubwonko. Ariko, izi ngaruka zikomeye ni nke cyane ubuvuzi bugezweho buhari.

Uburyo bwo kwirinda ibyimba byo mu mazuru ni ubuhe?

Nubwo udashobora buri gihe kwirinda ibyimba byo mu mazuru, cyane cyane niba ufite ibyago by’imiterere y’umuntu, ushobora gufata ingamba zo kugabanya ubu burwayi buhoraho mu mazuru yawe. Gucunga indwara ziriho ni cyo kintu cyiza cyo kwirinda.

Kora uko ushoboye kugira ngo indwara z’ibyorezo zigucungire neza hakoreshejwe imiti igabanya ibyorezo cyangwa imiti yo mu mazuru nk’uko muganga wawe yabigutegetse. Gukoresha umwuka w’ubushyuhe buhoraho bishobora gufasha amazuru yawe kuguma ashyushye kandi adahangayikishwa.

Kora isuku nziza y’amazuru yawe hakoreshejwe amazi asukuye, cyane cyane mu gihe cy’indwara z’ibyorezo cyangwa iyo ufite ibicurane. Irinde ibintu bizwi ko biterwa na allergie, kandi ntukore cyangwa ntukore ahantu hari udukoni, kuko bishobora kongera ubu burwayi mu mazuru.

Uburyo bwo kuvura ibyimba byo mu mazuru ni ubuhe?

Ubuvuzi busanzwe butangira hakoreshejwe imiti igabanya ubu burwayi kandi igatuma ibyimba bigabanuka. Abantu benshi babona impinduka mu byumweru bike nyuma yo gutangira ubuvuzi.

Muganga wawe azatangira akoresheje imiti yo mu mazuru ifasha mu kugabanya ubu burwayi, ari yo ivura cyane. Ibi bikora hagamijwe kugabanya ubu burwayi mu mazuru yawe. Imiti isanzwe ikoreshwa harimo fluticasone, mometasone, cyangwa budesonide.

Niba imiti yo mu mazuru idahagije, imiti yo mu kanwa igabanya ubu burwayi nka prednisone ishobora kwandikwa igihe gito. Ibi bishobora kugabanya ibyimba cyane ariko bikunze gukoreshwa ibyumweru bike kubera ingaruka mbi zishobora kubaho.

Kubera ibibazo bikomeye cyangwa iyo ibyimba bikomeza kugaruka, kubagwa bishobora gusabwa. Kubagwa mu myanya y’amazuru ni uburyo buto bwo kubaga kandi bukuraho ibyimba mu gihe bunonosora uburyo umusemburo uva mu myanya y’amazuru. Abantu benshi barakira neza kandi bagira impinduka nziza mu bimenyetso.

Uburyo bwo kuvura ibyimba byo mu mazuru mu rugo ni ubuhe?

Kwita ku buzima mu rugo bishobora gufasha ubuvuzi bwawe kandi bigafasha kwirinda ko ibyimba bigaruka. Gukaraba amazuru hakoreshejwe amazi asukuye ni ingenzi cyane mu kugumisha amazuru yawe asukuye kandi ashyushye.

Koresha neti pot cyangwa imiti yo mu mazuru inshuro nyinshi buri munsi, cyane cyane nyuma yo guhura n’ibintu biterwa na allergie cyangwa ibintu bibabaza. Koresha amazi asukuye cyangwa amazi yabizwe mbere kugira ngo wirinde kwinjiza udukoko.

Kora uko ushoboye kugira ngo aho uba habe ari ahantu heza ku bantu bafite allergie. Koresha ibikoresho byo gusukura umwuka, karaba ibikoresho byo kuryamaho mu mazi ashyushye buri cyumweru, kandi komeza ubushyuhe buri hagati ya 30-50%. Irinde impumuro zikomeye, imiti yo gusukura, n’itabi bishobora kubabaza amazuru yawe.

Ugomba gutegura gute uruzinduko rwawe kwa muganga?

Mbere y’uruzinduko rwawe, andika ibimenyetso byawe byose n’igihe byatangiye. Bandika icyabirinda cyangwa icyabikomeza, kandi andika imiti yose ukoresha ubu, harimo n’imiti yo mu maduka.

Zana urutonde rw’ibintu utifuza, n’amateka y’umuryango w’ibyimba byo mu mazuru, ibicurane, cyangwa ibibazo by’imbere mu mazuru. Aya makuru afasha muganga wawe gusobanukirwa ibyago byawe no guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo kubuvura.

Tegura ibibazo ku bijyanye n’uburyo bwo kuvura, ingaruka mbi zishoboka, n’icyo witeze mu gihe cyo gukira niba kubagwa byavuzwe. Ntukabe ikibazo cyo gusaba ibisobanuro ku kintu udasobanukiwe.

Icyingenzi cyo kuzirikana ku byimba byo mu mazuru ni iki?

Ibyimba byo mu mazuru ni ibintu bisanzwe, bidafite ububabare bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buhumekero bwawe n’imibereho yawe, ariko bivurwa neza. Hamwe no kuvurwa neza, abantu benshi bagira impinduka nziza mu bimenyetso byabo.

Icyingenzi mu kuvura neza ni ugukorana n’abaganga bawe kugira ngo muvure ibyimba ubwayo n’izindi ndwara ziterwa no gutukura buhoraho. Ubuvuzi bwa vuba bukunze gutera ibyiza kandi bushobora kwirinda ingaruka mbi.

Wibuke ko kuvura ibyimba byo mu mazuru akenshi ari inzira ihoraho aho kuba igikorwa kimwe. Hamwe n’imiti ikwiye n’ubuvuzi mu rugo, ushobora guhumeka neza kandi ugire ubuzima bwiza bw’amazuru.

Ibibazo bikunze kubaho ku byimba byo mu mazuru

Ese ibyimba byo mu mazuru bishobora guhinduka kanseri?

Oya, ibyimba byo mu mazuru ni ibintu bidafite ububabare kandi ntibihinduka kanseri. Ariko, niba ufite ibimenyetso bidasanzwe cyangwa ibintu bimeze bitandukanye n’ibyimba bisanzwe, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gupima kugira ngo akureho izindi ndwara. Ibyimba byo mu mazuru byukuri nta cyago cyabyo.

Ese ibyimba byo mu mazuru bizakira byonyine?

Ibyimba byo mu mazuru ntabwo bikira byonyine. Nubwo ibyimba bito bishobora rimwe na rimwe kugabanuka mu gihe ubu burwayi buhoraho buri ku rwego rwo hejuru, ibyinshi bisaba ubuvuzi kugira ngo ibimenyetso bigabanuke. Ubuvuzi bwa vuba hakoreshejwe imiti yo mu mazuru akenshi bugira akamaro cyane.

Igihe kingana iki ubuvuzi bw’ibyimba byo mu mazuru bukamara kugira ngo bugire akamaro?

Abantu benshi babona impinduka mu byumweru 2-4 nyuma yo gutangira gukoresha imiti yo mu mazuru igabanya ubu burwayi. Ariko, bishobora gufata amezi 2-3 kugira ngo umusaruro uboneke. Imiti yo mu kanwa ikora vuba, ikunze gufasha mu minsi mike, ariko ikunze gukoreshwa igihe gito kubera ingaruka mbi.

Ese abana bashobora kurwara ibyimba byo mu mazuru?

Ibyimba byo mu mazuru ni bike mu bana bari munsi y’imyaka 10. Iyo bibayeho mu bana, abaganga bakunze gupima cystic fibrosis kuko ibyimba bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy’iyi ndwara. Niba umwana wawe afite amazuru afunze buri gihe, bishoboka ko biterwa na allergie cyangwa adenoids zikomeye.

Ese kubagwa ibyimba byo mu mazuru bibabaza?

Kubagwa mu myanya y’amazuru ubu ntibibabaza cyane. Abantu benshi bavuga ko bababara gake aho kubabara cyane. Muganga wawe azaguha imiti igabanya ububabare, kandi abarwayi benshi basubira mu mirimo isanzwe mu cyumweru kimwe. Akamaro k’igihe kirekire ko guhumeka neza akenshi karuta ububabare buto.