Uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n'Ubuvuzi

Uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure, bwitwa na myopie mu gifaransa, busobanura ko ubona ibintu neza igihe biri hafi ariko ibintu biri kure bigasa n'ibyifashe nabi cyangwa bitumvikana. Ni kimwe mu bibazo by'ubuzima bw'amaso bisanzwe, bikaba bigira ingaruka kuri hafi ½ y'abantu bakuru muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.

Ibi bibaho iyo ijisho ryawe rirerire gato cyangwa icome (igice cy'imbere cy'ijisho ryawe) gikubita cyane. Umucyo winjira mu jisho ryawe ugahurira imbere ya retina aho kuba kuri yo, bituma ibintu biri kure bigaragara bitumvikana.

Ibimenyetso by'uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure ni ibihe?

Ikimenyetso nyamukuru cy'uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure ni ugutinda kubona ibintu biri kure neza mu gihe ubona ibintu biri hafi neza. Ushobora kubona ibi mugerageza gusoma ibimenyetso by'umuhanda, kubona aho bigishwa mu ishuri, cyangwa kumenya imyirondoro y'abantu uvuye kure.

Dore ibimenyetso bisanzwe ushobora guhura na byo:

• Kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona neza igihe ureba ibintu biri kure
• Guhindagura amaso kugira ngo ubona ibintu biri kure neza
• Kubabara umutwe kubera umunaniro w'amaso
• Umunaniro w'amaso, cyane cyane nyuma yo gutwara imodoka cyangwa imikino
• Guhindagura amaso cyangwa kuyakubita kenshi
• Kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona nijoro cyangwa mu mwiza muto

Mu bana, ushobora kubona bicaye hafi ya televiziyo, bafata ibitabo hafi cyane yabo, cyangwa bagaragara batamenya ibintu biri kure. Bamwe mu bana bashobora kugira ibibazo mu ishuri badashobora kubona neza aho bigishwa.

Ibi bimenyetso bisanzwe bigenda bigaragara buhoro buhoro, bityo ushobora kutamenya ako kanya. Inkuru nziza ni uko, iyo bimaze kuvurwa, uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure bushobora kuvurwa byoroshye hifashishijwe ibyuma byo kubona, amasaro, cyangwa kubagwa.

Ubwoko bw'uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure ni ubuhe?

Uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure bufite uburyo butandukanye, kandi gusobanukirwa ubwoko ufite bifasha umuganga wawe w'amaso guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura. Ibyinshi mu bihe bibaho bibaho mu byiciro bibiri by'ingenzi hashingiwe ku gukomeza no gutera.

Myopie isanzwe ni ubwoko busanzwe. Isanzwe itera mu bwana cyangwa mu gihe cy'ubwangavu kandi ihagarara mu myaka y'ubukure. Ubu bwoko busanzwe buke cyangwa buciriritse kandi busubiza neza amasaro asanzwe cyangwa amasaro.

Myopie ikomeye, yitwa na myopie y'indwara, ikomeye kurushaho. Niba ubuvuzi bwawe bukomeye kurusha -6.00 diopters, ushobora kuba ufite myopie ikomeye. Ubu bwoko busanzwe bukomeza kuba kibi mu buzima bwose kandi bushobora kongera ibyago by'ibibazo bikomeye by'amaso nko gutandukana kwa retina cyangwa glaucoma.

Hariho kandi myopie itera uburwayi, ubwoko buke ariko bukomeye aho ijisho rikomeza gukura no kurerera. Ibi bishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye by'ubuzima bw'amaso kandi bisaba ubufasha bw'inzobere mu kuvura amaso.

Ni iki giterwa n'uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure?

Uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure buva mu jisho ryakura cyane uhereye imbere kugeza inyuma, cyangwa iyo icome n'ubwonko byikubita cyane. Aho guhuza umucyo ku retina yawe, uhuza imbere ya yo, bigatuma ubona ibintu biri kure bitumvikana.

Ibintu byinshi bishobora gutera uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure:

• Uburwayi bwo mu muryango - niba ababyeyi bawe bafite uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure, nawe ushobora kubugira
• Gukora cyane ibintu biri hafi nko gusoma, gukoresha mudasobwa, cyangwa imirimo ikeneye ubushishozi
• Igihe gito cyo kuba hanze, cyane cyane mu bwana
• Ibintu by'ibidukikije nko kutagira umucyo uhagije igihe usoma
• Kuzalirwa imburagihe cyangwa kuvuka ufite ibiro bike

Ubushakashatsi bwa vuba aha bwerekana ko abana bamara igihe kinini hanze bafite umubare muto w'uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure. Umucyo w'umwanya n'ubwo kubona ibintu biri kure bisabwa mu bikorwa byo hanze bishobora gufasha kurinda amaso ari gukura.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure bushobora guterwa n'izindi ndwara z'amaso nka keratoconus (icome ifite ishusho y'igitambambuga) cyangwa cataracte. Imiti imwe, cyane cyane imiti imwe yo kurwanya udukoko, ishobora kandi gutera uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure by'igihe gito.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure?

Ukwiye gupanga ibizamini by'amaso niba ugira ibibazo byo kubona ibintu biri kure neza cyangwa ugira umunaniro w'amaso. Kumenya hakiri kare no kuvura bishobora kubuza ubushobozi bwawe bwo kubona kuba kibi kandi bikaguha ubushobozi bwo kubona neza.

Tegura gupanga inama n'umuganga w'amaso niba ubona:

• Kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona neza bikubuza gukora ibikorwa bya buri munsi
• Kubabara umutwe kenshi cyangwa umunaniro w'amaso
• Kubura ubushobozi bwo gutwara imodoka, cyane cyane nijoro
• Guhindagura amaso kugira ngo ubona ibintu biri kure
• Guhinduka mu buvuzi ukeneye ubu

Ku bana, banza urebe ibimenyetso nko kwicara hafi ya televiziyo, gufata ibitabo hafi cyane, cyangwa kurega ko badashobora kubona neza aho bigishwa mu ishuri. Abana bagomba gukora ibizamini byabo bya mbere byuzuye by'amaso bafite imyaka 3, hanyuma bakabikora buri gihe mu myaka y'ishuri.

Shaka ubufasha bw'abaganga ako kanya niba ugira impinduka zidasanzwe mu kubona, amatara adasanzwe, cyangwa igicucu kimeze nk'igitambaro mu kubona kwawe. Ibi bishobora kuba ibimenyetso by'ibibazo bikomeye, cyane cyane niba ufite myopie ikomeye.

Ibyago byo kurwara uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure ni ibihe?

Ibintu bimwe na bimwe bikongera ibyago byo kurwara uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure, nubwo kugira ibyago ntibihamya ko uzaburwara. Gusobanukirwa ibi bishobora kugufasha gufata ingamba zo kurinda ubushobozi bwawe bwo kubona.

Ibyago bikomeye ni amateka y'umuryango. Niba umubyeyi umwe afite uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure, ufite amahirwe agera kuri 25% yo kubugira. Niba ababyeyi bombi bafite uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure, ibyago byawe bizamuka kugeza kuri 50%.

Ibintu byo mu buzima bikongera ibyago byawe birimo:

• Kumara igihe kinini ukora ibintu biri hafi nko gusoma cyangwa gukoresha mudasobwa
• Igihe gito cyo kuba hanze, cyane cyane mu bwana
• Kutagira umucyo uhagije igihe ukora ibintu biri hafi
• Urwego rwo hejuru rw'uburezi cyangwa imirimo ikomeye y'ishuri
• Kuba mu mijyi idafite ahantu henshi ho kuba hanze

Imyaka na yo igira uruhare. Uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure busanzwe butera hagati y'imyaka 6 na 14, igihe amaso akiri gukura. Ariko kandi, uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure bw'abantu bakuru bushobora kubaho, cyane cyane mu bantu bakora cyane ibintu biri hafi.

Indwara zimwe na zimwe zidasanzwe nka Marfan syndrome cyangwa Down syndrome zishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure. Abana bavutse imburagihe bashobora kugira ibyago byinshi byo kugira ibibazo by'amaso, harimo na myopie.

Ibibazo bishoboka by'uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure ni ibihe?

Abantu benshi bafite uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure buke cyangwa buciriritse babaho ubuzima busanzwe kandi bwiza bafite uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura amaso. Ariko kandi, gusobanukirwa ibibazo bishoboka bigufasha kuguma witonze ku buzima bw'amaso yawe.

Ku bafite myopie ikomeye (ubuvuzi bukomeye kurusha -6.00), hari ibibazo bikomeye byo kwitondera:

• Gutandukana kwa retina - iyo retina itandukanye n'inyuma y'ijisho ryawe
• Glaucoma - umuvuduko wiyongereye mu jisho ushobora kwangiza umunsi
• Cataracte - guhindagurika kw'ubwonko bw'ijisho
• Myopic maculopathy - kwangirika ku gice cy'ingenzi cya retina
• Choroidal neovascularization - gukura kw'imitsi y'amaraso idasanzwe mu jisho

Ibi bibazo ni bike ariko bishobora kuba bikomeye niba bitavuwe. Ibizamini by'amaso buri gihe ni ingenzi cyane niba ufite myopie ikomeye, kuko kumenya hakiri kare no kuvura bishobora kubuza gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kubona.

Ndetse no kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure buke bishobora gutera ibibazo bya buri munsi utabona uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura. Ushobora kugira umunaniro w'amaso, kubabara umutwe, cyangwa kugira ibibazo mu bikorwa nko gutwara imodoka cyangwa imikino. Inkuru nziza ni uko ibi bibazo biroroshye kwirinda ufite amasaro cyangwa amasaro akwiye.

Uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure bushobora kwirindwa gute?

Nubwo udashobora kwirinda burundu uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure, cyane cyane niba buri mu muryango wawe, hari intambwe ushobora gufata kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago cyangwa ugabanye iterambere ryawo. Ibi bimenyetso ni ingenzi cyane ku bana amaso akiri gukura.

Ingamba ikomeye yo kwirinda ni ukugira ngo abana bamara igihe kinini hanze. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko abana bamara byibuze iminota 90 hanze buri munsi bafite umubare muto w'uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure. Umucyo w'umwanya n'ubwo kubona ibintu biri kure bisabwa hanze bisa nko kurinda amaso ari gukura.

Dore izindi ngamba zifasha mu kwirinda:

• Fata ibiruhuko buri gihe uvuye mu mirimo iri hafi ukoresheje amabwiriza ya 20-20-20
• Shiraho umucyo uhagije igihe usoma cyangwa ukoresha amashusho
• Fata ibitabo n'ibikoresho ku ntera ikwiye (hafi y'uburebure bw'ukuboko)
• Gamagaga igihe kinini cyo kureba amashusho, cyane cyane ku bana bato
• Kora ibizamini byuzuye by'amaso buri gihe

Amabwiriza ya 20-20-20 ni yoroshye: buri minota 20, reba ikintu kiri kuri metero 6 z'uburebure byibuze amasegonda 20. Ibi biha imitsi yawe yo guhuza amahirwe yo kuruhuka no gusubira.

Niba uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure buri mu muryango wawe, izi ngamba zo kwirinda ziba zikomeye kurushaho. Nubwo uburwayi bwo mu muryango bugira uruhare rukomeye, ibintu byo mu buzima bishobora kugira itandukaniro rikomeye mu iterambere ry'ubuzima bw'amaso y'umwana wawe.

Uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure buvurwa gute?

Uburyo bwo kuvura uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure ni bwiza, kandi ni bwiza. Umuganga wawe w'amaso azagufasha guhitamo uburyo bwiza hashingiwe ku buzima bwawe, imyaka yawe, n'uburemere bw'uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure.

Amasaro akenshi aba ari amahitamo ya mbere, cyane cyane ku bana n'abantu bambara amasaro ku nshuro ya mbere. Ibiyiko bya none ni byoroshye, byoroheje, kandi biboneka mu mifuka myinshi y'imideri. Ni na byo byiza cyane nta kaga ko kwandura amaso cyangwa ibibazo.

Amasaro atanga ibyiza byinshi:

• Ubushobozi bwo kubona ibintu byinshi utabona ibikoresho
• Byiza ku mikino n'imibereho ikora cyane
• Ntibyumira mu gihe cy'imbeho
• Igaragara neza
• Biboneka buri munsi, buri cyumweru, cyangwa buri kwezi

Ku bantu bashaka kwibohora amasaro n'amasaro, kubagwa kw'amaso nka LASIK bishobora kuvura burundu uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure. Ibi bikorwa bihindura icome yawe kugira ngo umucyo uhuze neza kuri retina yawe. Kubagwa bisanzwe biba ku bantu bakuru ubuvuzi bwabo bumaze igihe kigera ku mwaka.

Hariho kandi uburyo bwihariye bwo kugabanya iterambere ry'uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure mu bana, harimo amasaro yihariye, amavuta yo mu maso, na orthokeratology (amasaro yo guhindura ijoro). Umuganga wawe w'amaso ashobora kukubwira niba izi nzira zishobora kugirira umwana wawe akamaro.

Uburyo bwo kuvura uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure mu rugo

Nubwo kuvurwa n'inzobere ari ingenzi mu kuvura uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure, hari ibintu byinshi ushobora gukora mu rugo kugira ngo urinde amaso yawe kandi ugumane ubushobozi bwo kubona neza. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kandi gufasha kwirinda ko uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure bukomeza kuba kibi.

Umucyo uhagije ugira uruhare rukomeye mu kugabanya umunaniro w'amaso. Igihe usoma cyangwa ukora ibintu biri hafi, koresha umucyo mwinshi, uhagije ukanamurika ibikorwa byawe udatuma habaho umucyo mwinshi. Shyira isoko y'umucyo ku ruhande aho kuba hejuru kugira ngo ugabanye igicucu.

Kora imyifatire myiza yo kureba amashusho ifasha mu kuruhuka amaso yawe:

• Koresha amabwiriza ya 20-20-20 igihe ukora kuri mudasobwa
• Komeza amashusho ku ntera y'ukuboko (hafi ya santimetero 50-60)
• Hindura umucyo w'amashusho uhuze n'aho uri
• Koresha amagambo manini kugira ngo ugabanye guhindagura amaso
• Hindagura amaso kenshi kugira ngo agume ari mworoshye

Kwita ku masaro yawe cyangwa amasaro neza biha ubushobozi bwo kubona neza kandi kuruhuka. Kora amasaro yawe buri munsi ukoresheje umuti wo kubona n'igitambaro cyo kubona. Niba wambara amasaro, komeza amabwiriza y'umuganga wawe w'amaso neza yo kuyasukura, kuyabika, no kuyasimbura.

Wibuke guha amaso yawe ibiruhuko buri gihe uvuye mu mirimo iri hafi. Ndetse n'ikintu cyoroshye nko kureba hanze y'idirishya iminota mike bishobora gufasha kuruhuka imitsi yawe yo guhuza no kugabanya umunaniro.

Uko wakwitegura inama yawe y'umuganga w'amaso

Kwitunganya inama yawe y'umuganga w'amaso bifasha guhamya ko ubona ubuvuzi bwiza kandi bwiza. Gutegura gato bishobora gutuma uruzinduko rwawe rukorwa neza kandi rugatanga amakuru.

Mbere y'inama yawe, kora amakuru y'ingenzi yerekeye ubushobozi bwawe bwo kubona n'amateka yawe y'ubuzima. Andika ibimenyetso byose wabonye, igihe byatangiye, n'icyo biba byiza cyangwa biba bibi. Ibi bifasha umuganga wawe gusobanukirwa ibibazo byawe byihariye.

Zana ibi bikoresho by'ingenzi ku nama yawe:

• Amasaro yawe ya none n'amasaro
• Urutonde rw'imiti yose n'ibinyobwa by'imiti ufashe
• Amakuru y'ubwisungane n'irangamuntu
• Amateka y'umuryango w'ibibazo by'amaso
• Ibibazo ushaka kubabaza umuganga wawe

Niba ugiye gukora ibizamini byuzuye by'amaso, amaso yawe ashobora kwangirika n'amavuta yo mu maso. Ibi bishobora gutuma ubona nabi kandi ukaba ufite umucyo mwinshi mu gihe cy'amasaha 2-4 nyuma yaho. Tegura kuzana ibyuma byo kwirinda izuba kandi utegure umuntu uzakuzana mu rugo.

Ntukambe amasaro ku nama yawe niba bishoboka, cyane cyane niba ugiye gupimwa amasaro mashya. Amaso yawe akeneye igihe kugira ngo asubire mu buryo bwayo busanzwe kugira ngo ubone ibipimo byiza.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya cyane ku burwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure

Uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure ni uburwayi busanzwe kandi buvurwa neza bugira ingaruka kuri hafi ½ y'abantu bakuru. Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko kubona neza kandi kuruhuka bishoboka rwose ufite uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura.

Uhitamo amasaro, amasaro, cyangwa kubagwa, uburyo bwa none bwo kuvura amaso ni bwiza kandi bukorwa neza kurusha ibindi. Ibizamini by'amaso buri gihe bihamya ko ubuvuzi bwawe buguma buriho kandi bifasha gufata ibibazo byose hakiri kare, cyane cyane niba ufite myopie ikomeye.

Ku babyeyi, gukangurira abana gukina hanze no kugabanya gukora cyane ibintu biri hafi bishobora gufasha kurinda iterambere ry'amaso y'umwana wawe. Nubwo uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure buri mu muryango wawe, izi mpinduka zo mu buzima zishobora kugira itandukaniro rikomeye.

Icyo tugomba kumenya ni iki: uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure ntibugomba kugabanya ubuzima bwawe mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose. Ufite ubufasha bukwiye no kuvurwa, ushobora kwishimira kubona neza no kugumana amaso mazima imyaka myinshi iri imbere. Umuganga wawe w'amaso ni we muntu ukwiye kugufasha kugera ku buzima bwiza bw'amaso no kubugumana.

Ibibazo byakenshi bibazwa ku burwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure

Uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure bushobora gukira mu buryo bw'umwanya?

Nubwo nta buryo bw'umwanya bwo gukira uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure, impinduka zimwe na zimwe zo mu buzima zishobora gufasha kugabanya iterambere ryabyo, cyane cyane mu bana. Kumara igihe kinini hanze, gufata ibiruhuko buri gihe uvuye mu mirimo iri hafi, no kugira umucyo uhagije bishobora gufasha ubuzima bw'amaso. Ariko kandi, kuvura amaso hifashishijwe amasaro, amasaro, cyangwa kubagwa bikomeza kuba ngombwa kugira ngo ubona neza kure. Irinde ibintu cyangwa imyitozo ivuga ko 'ikiza' uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure mu buryo bw'umwanya, kuko ibyo ntabwo bishigikiwe n'ibimenyetso bya siyansi.

Uburwayi bwanjye bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure buzakomeza kuba kibi?

Ku bantu benshi, uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure buhagarara mu myaka y'ubukure, busanzwe mu myaka ya 20. Ariko kandi, bamwe bashobora kugira impinduka buhoro buhoro mu buzima. Myopie ikomeye ishobora gukomeza kuba kibi. Ibizamini by'amaso buri gihe bifasha gukurikirana impinduka zose mu buvuzi bwawe. Niba ubona impinduka mu kubona hagati y'ibizamini, ntuzategereze - tegura inama kugira ngo ubuvuzi bwawe bugume buriho.

Ni byiza ku bana kwambara amasaro?

Yego, amasaro ashobora kuba meze neza ku bana bakuze bihagije kugira ngo bayakoreshe neza. Abaganga benshi b'amaso babona ko imyaka 10-12 ari yo ikwiye gutangira kwambara amasaro, nubwo bamwe mu bana bashobora kuba biteguye kare cyangwa nyuma. Ibintu by'ingenzi ni ubushobozi bw'umwana bwo gukurikiza amabwiriza y'isuku, gushyira no gukura amasaro neza, no kuvuga ibibazo byose.

Amashusho ashobora gutera uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure?

Nubwo amashusho ubwayo adatera uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure, igihe kinini cyo kureba amashusho biri hafi bishobora gutera iterambere ryabyo, cyane cyane mu bana. Ikibazo si amashusho ubwayo, ahubwo ni uguhuza amaso igihe kinini kandi kugabanya igihe cyo kuba hanze bikunze kujyana no gukoresha amashusho cyane. Gukurikiza amabwiriza ya 20-20-20, kugumana intera ikwiye y'amashusho, no guhuza igihe cyo kureba amashusho n'ibikorwa byo hanze bishobora gufasha kurinda ubushobozi bwawe bwo kubona.

Itandukaniro hagati y'uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure n'uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona hafi ni iki?

Uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure busobanura ko ubona ibintu biri hafi neza ariko ibintu biri kure bigaragara bitumvikana. Uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona hafi ni ukurwanya - ibintu biri kure bishobora kuba byumvikana kurusha ibiri hafi, nubwo abantu benshi bafite uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona hafi bagira ibibazo byo guhuza amaso ku ntera zose. Uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona kure buva mu jisho rirerire, mu gihe uburwayi bwo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona hafi buva mu jisho rigufi. Ibi bibazo byombi biroroshye kuvurwa hifashishijwe amasaro, amasaro, cyangwa kubagwa, ariko bisaba ubuvuzi butandukanye.