Uburwayi bwa Nephrotic ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n'Ubuvuzi

Uburwayi bwa Nephrotic ni uburwayi bw'impyiko aho impyiko zawe zirekura proteine nyinshi mu nkari. Tekereza ku mpyiko zawe nk'ibiziba bisanzwe bibika proteine z'ingenzi mu maraso mugihe bikuraho imyanda. Iyo ibi biziba byangiritse, bitangira kureka proteine zifite akamaro zinyuramo, ibyo bikaba bigira ingaruka ku mubiri wawe wose.

Ubu burwayi bugira abantu b'ingeri zose, nubwo bigaragara mu buryo butandukanye ku bana ugereranyije n'abakuze. Nubwo byumvikana ko ari bibi, kandi koko bisaba ubuvuzi, abantu benshi barabasha guhangana n'uburwayi bwa nephrotic neza bafashijwe n'ubuvuzi bukwiye n'ubwitabire.

Ibimenyetso by'uburwayi bwa nephrotic ni ibihe?

Ikimenyetso nyamukuru cy'uburwayi bwa nephrotic ni kubyimba, mu rurimi rw'abaganga byitwa edema. Ibi bibaho kuko iyo utakaza proteine mu maraso yawe, amazi atangira gukusanyiriza mu mubiri wawe aho kuguma mu mitsi y'amaraso.

Dore ibimenyetso by'ingenzi ushobora kubona, dutangiriye ku bimenyetso bisanzwe:

• Kubyimba hafi y'amaso, cyane cyane bigaragara mu gitondo
• Kubyimbagira mu birenge, mu maguru, no mu mitsi bigenda bikomeza uko umunsi ugenda
• Inkari zifite amafuro cyangwa zimeze nk'amagi y'inkoko yakubiswe
• Kwiyongera k'uburemere buturutse ku kubika amazi, rimwe na rimwe bibaho vuba mu minsi mike
• Kumva unaniwe cyangwa ushobotse
• Kubura ubushake bwo kurya

Bamwe mu bantu bagira kandi ibimenyetso bitagenda bibaho nk'ububyimba mu nda, guhumeka nabi iyo uri kuryamye, cyangwa uruhu rumeze nk'urukarishye kubera kubyimba. Inkuru nziza ni uko ibi bimenyetso bikunda kumererwa neza ubuvuzi butangiye.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, ushobora kubona ibimenyetso bibangamira kurushaho nk'guhumeka nabi cyane, kubabara mu kifuba, cyangwa kubyimba bikomeye by'umubiri wose. Ibi bisaba ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa kuko bishobora kugaragaza ingaruka mbi.

Ubwoko bw'uburwayi bwa nephrotic ni ubuhe?

Abaganga basobanura uburwayi bwa nephrotic mu byiciro bibiri by'ingenzi hashingiwe ku cyangiza impyiko. Gusobanukirwa ubwoko ufite bigufasha kumenya uburyo bwiza bwo kuvurwa.

Uburwayi bwa nephrotic bwa mbere buhaba iyo ikibazo gitangirira mu mpyiko zawe. Ubwoko busanzwe harimo indwara ya minimal change, ikunze kugaragara cyane ku bana, na focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, ikunze kugaragara cyane ku bakuze. Hari kandi membranous nephropathy, ikunze kwibasira abantu bakuze barengeje imyaka 40.

Uburwayi bwa nephrotic bwa kabiri buhaba iyo undi mubiri wangiza impyiko zawe. Diabete ni yo mpamvu ikunze kugaragara, ikurikirwa n'indwara ziterwa n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri nk'indwara ya lupus. Amazi, imiti imwe, na kanseri zimwe na zimwe zishobora kandi gutera ubu bwoko.

Muganga wawe azakora ibizamini byihariye kugira ngo amenye ubwoko ufite, kuko ibi bigira ingaruka ku buryo bwo kuvurwa na gahunda yawe.

Impamvu ziterwa na nephrotic syndrome ni izihe?

Uburwayi bwa nephrotic buhaba iyo ibice bito byo gupima mu mpyiko zawe, byitwa glomeruli, byangiritse. Ibi biziba bisanzwe bikora nk'umuyoboro mwiza, bikagumana proteine mu maraso yawe mugihe bikemera ko imyanda inyuramo.

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kwangiza ibi biziba byoroheje:

• Diabete, cyane cyane iyo isukari mu maraso ikomeza kuba hejuru igihe kirekire
• Indwara ziterwa n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri nk'indwara ya lupus cyangwa vasculitis, aho ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bugaba igitero ku mubiri wawe
• Amazi, harimo hepatitis B, hepatitis C, na HIV
• Imiti imwe, cyane cyane imiti imwe yo kugabanya ububabare n'antibiyotike
• Kanseri z'amaraso nk'indwara ya lymphoma cyangwa leukemia
• Indwara z'umuzuko ziri mu muryango

Rimwe na rimwe, cyane cyane ku bana, abaganga ntibashobora kumenya impamvu nyamukuru. Ibi bita nephrotic syndrome idafite impamvu, kandi nubwo byumvikana ko biteye impungenge, bikunze kugira icyo bivura.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, kwibasirwa na toxins zimwe, allergie zikomeye, cyangwa amaraso akabana mu mitsi y'impyiko bishobora gutera ubu burwayi. Muganga wawe azashakisha ibyo bishoboka hashingiwe ku mateka yawe y'ubuzima n'ibimenyetso.

Ryari ukwiye kubona muganga kubera uburwayi bwa nephrotic?

Wagomba kuvugana na muganga wawe niba ubona kubyimba bidashira, cyane cyane hafi y'amaso cyangwa mu birenge no mu maguru. Inkari zifite amafuro zidakira nyuma y'umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri ni ikindi kimenyetso cy'ingenzi gisaba ubuvuzi.

Ntugatege amatwi niba wiyongereye uburemere bwihuse burenze ibiro 3-5 mu minsi mike, kuko ibi bikunze kugaragaza ko amazi ari gukusanywa. Kimwe n'ibyo, niba unaniwe cyane hamwe n'ububyimba ubwo aribwo bwose, igihe kirageze cyo kujya kwipimisha.

Shaka ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa niba ugize guhumeka nabi cyane, kubabara mu kifuba, cyangwa kubyimba bikomeye by'umubiri wose. Ibi bishobora kugaragaza ingaruka zikomeye zisaba ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa.

Wibuke ko kubona hakiri kare no kuvura uburwayi bwa nephrotic bishobora gukumira ingaruka mbi kandi bigafasha kubungabunga imikorere y'impyiko zawe igihe kirekire.

Ibyago byo kwibasirwa n'uburwayi bwa nephrotic ni ibihe?

Gusobanukirwa ibyago byawe bishobora kugufasha kuba maso ku bimenyetso no gufata ingamba zo kwirinda aho bishoboka. Hari ibintu bimwe udashobora guhindura, mu gihe ibindi ushobora kubigiraho ingaruka binyuze mu migenzereze y'ubuzima.

Indwara zongera ibyago byawe harimo:

• Diabete, cyane cyane niba uburyo bwo kugenzura isukari mu maraso bwari bubi
• Indwara ziterwa n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri nk'indwara ya lupus, rhumatoide arthritis, cyangwa vasculitis
• Amazi adashira nk'indwara ya hepatitis B cyangwa C
• Amateka y'umuryango w'uburwayi bw'impyiko cyangwa uburwayi bwa nephrotic
• Kanseri zimwe z'amaraso cyangwa imikaya ikomeye

Imyaka n'ubwoko bw'abantu bagira uruhare. Abana bari hagati y'imyaka 2-6 bafite umubare munini w'ubwoko bumwe, mu gihe abantu bakuze barengeje imyaka 65 bafite ibyago byiyongereye biturutse ku kwangirika kw'impyiko biterwa na diabete. Abanyamerika b'Abirabura n'Abahispanike bafite umubare munini w'uburwayi bw'impyiko muri rusange.

Imiti imwe, harimo imiti imwe yo kugabanya ububabare n'antibiyotike, ishobora kongera ibyago, cyane cyane iyo ikoreshwa igihe kirekire. Kugira HIV, gukoresha imiti inyura mu mitsi, cyangwa kwibasirwa na chemicals zimwe ni ibindi byago, nubwo bitakunda kugaragara.

Ingaruka zishoboka z'uburwayi bwa nephrotic ni izihe?

Nubwo uburwayi bwa nephrotic bushobora kuvurwa neza hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye, bushobora gutera ingaruka nyinshi niba budavuwe cyangwa budagenzurwa neza. Gusobanukirwa ibi bigufasha kumenya ibimenyetso by'umubabaro no gukorana na muganga wawe.

Ingaruka zisanzwe harimo:

• Amaraso akabana, ashobora kuba mabi niba ajya mu mpyiko cyangwa mu bwonko
• Ibyago byiyongereye byo kwandura kubera kubura proteine zirinda
• Cholesterol nyinshi n'ibyago byiyongereye by'uburwayi bw'umutima
• Umuvuduko w'amaraso mwinshi uturutse ku kubika amazi
• Kwibasirwa n'uburwayi bw'impyiko mu gihe cy'uburwayi
• Uburwayi bw'amagufwa buturutse ku kubura vitamine D na calcium

Bamwe mu bantu bagira ingaruka zikomeye kurushaho nk'uburwayi bw'impyiko budashira, bushobora gutera gucika intege kw'impyiko igihe kirekire. Abana bashobora kugira ikibazo cyo gukura nabi niba ubu burwayi budagenzurwa neza.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, uburwayi bukomeye bushobora gutera ingaruka zibangamira ubuzima nk'ububyimba mu mpyiko, aho amazi akusanyiriza mu mpyiko, cyangwa peritonitis, kwandura mu kibuno. Ibi bisaba ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa.

Inkuru ishimishije ni uko hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye no kugenzura, ingaruka nyinshi zishobora kwirindwa cyangwa zigacungwa neza.

Uburwayi bwa nephrotic bushobora kwirindwa gute?

Nubwo udashobora kwirinda ubwoko bwose bw'uburwayi bwa nephrotic, cyane cyane ubwoko bw'umuzuko, ushobora kugabanya cyane ibyago byawe ugenzura indwara ziriho kandi ukabungabunga ubuzima rusange bwiza.

Niba ufite diabete, kugenzura neza isukari mu maraso ni ingenzi. Ibi bisobanura gukurikiza imiti yawe, kurya indyo yuzuye, gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe, no kugenzura isukari yawe nk'uko muganga wawe abigutegeka.

Ku bantu bafite indwara ziterwa n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, gukorana na muganga wawe kugira ngo ugenzure kubyimba bigufasha kurinda impyiko zawe. Fata imiti yagutegetswe nk'uko byategetswe kandi witabire ibizamini byo gukurikirana buri gihe.

Ingamba rusange zo kwirinda harimo kugumana uburemere bwiza, gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe, kudakora, no kugabanya kunywa inzoga. Ibi bintu by'ubuzima bishyigikira ubuzima bw'impyiko muri rusange kandi bigabanya ibyago by'indwara zishobora gutera uburwayi bwa nephrotic.

Kora ubwitonzi ku miti yo kugabanya ububabare idasaba amabwiriza ya muganga, cyane cyane NSAIDs nk'ibuprofen, kuko ikoreshwa igihe kirekire ishobora kwangiza impyiko. Itegura buri gihe gukoresha imiti na muganga wawe, cyane cyane niba ufite ibindi byago.

Uburwayi bwa nephrotic bupimwa gute?

Gupima uburwayi bwa nephrotic bikubiyemo ibizamini byinshi bifasha muganga wawe gusobanukirwa ibiri kuba mu mpyiko zawe no mu mubiri wawe wose. Uburyo busanzwe butangira n'amateka y'ubuzima n'isuzuma ry'umubiri.

Muganga wawe azategeka ibizamini by'inkari kugira ngo apime urwego rwa proteine kandi ashake ibindi bintu bidasanzwe. Gukusanya inkari mu masaha 24 cyangwa gupima proteine mu nkari ugereranyije na creatinine bishobora kwerekana proteine nyinshi utakaza. Ibizamini by'amaraso bizapima urwego rwa proteine, imikorere y'impyiko, na cholesterol.

Ibizamini byiyongereye bishobora kuba harimo ibizamini byo kubona ishusho nk'amajwi kugira ngo turebe imiterere y'impyiko zawe. Mu bihe byinshi, muganga wawe ashobora kugutegeka gukora biopsie y'impyiko, aho igice gito cy'umubiri gifatwa kugira ngo hamenyekane ubwoko bw'ibyangiritse by'impyiko.

Biopsie ishobora kuba iteye ubwoba, ariko ikorwa nk'ubuvuzi bwo hanze hifashishijwe anesthésie y'aho. Iki kizamini gitanga amakuru akomeye yerekeye icyateye uburwayi bwawe bwa nephrotic kandi gifasha mu gufata ibyemezo byo kuvura.

Muganga wawe ashobora kandi gupima indwara ziriho nk'indwara ya diabete, lupus, cyangwa amazi ashobora gutera ibibazo by'impyiko.

Ubuvuzi bw'uburwayi bwa nephrotic ni ubuhe?

Ubuvuzi bw'uburwayi bwa nephrotic bugamije kugabanya igihombo cya proteine, gucunga ibimenyetso, no guhangana n'impamvu ziriho. Gahunda yawe yihariye yo kuvurwa izaterwa n'ubwoko ufite n'icyo gitera.

Imiti igira uruhare rukomeye mu buvuzi. Corticosteroids nk'indwara ya prednisone akenshi ari yo miti ya mbere ikoreshwa, cyane cyane ku bana no ku bwoko bumwe bw'uburwayi bwa nephrotic. Iyi miti ikomeye yo kurwanya kubyimba ishobora kugabanya kubyimba kw'impyiko n'igihombo cya proteine.

Ibindi miti muganga wawe ashobora kwandika harimo:

• ACE inhibitors cyangwa ARBs kugira ngo zirinde impyiko zawe kandi zigabanye igihombo cya proteine
• Diuretics kugira ngo zigabanye kubyimba binyuze mu gukuraho amazi y'umubiri
• Imiti yo kugabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri ku bimenyetso bidakira steroids
• Imiti igabanya cholesterol kugira ngo igabanye urwego rwa lipide
• Imiti yo kugabanya amaraso akabana niba uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kwibasirwa n'amaraso akabana

Niba hari indwara iri gutera uburwayi bwawe bwa nephrotic, kuvura iyo ndwara ni ingenzi. Ibi bishobora kuba harimo kugenzura neza diabete, kuvura indwara ziterwa n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, cyangwa guhangana n'amazi.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe aho ubuvuzi busanzwe budakora, muganga wawe ashobora gutekereza ku buvuzi bushya cyangwa ubuvuzi bukiri mu igeragezwa. Bamwe mu bantu bashobora guhita bakenera kuvurwa hakoreshejwe imashini cyangwa gusimbuzwa impyiko, nubwo ibi bidafite akamaro mu gihe ubuvuzi bukwiye butangiye hakiri kare.

Uburyo bwo gucunga uburwayi bwa nephrotic murugo?

Guhangana n'uburwayi bwa nephrotic murugo bikubiyemo impinduka nyinshi mu migenzereze y'ubuzima ishobora kunoza cyane ibimenyetso byawe n'ubuzima muri rusange. Izi ngamba zikorana n'ubuvuzi bwawe kugira ngo ugume umeze neza kandi ukumirinde ingaruka mbi.

Impinduka mu mirire zigira uruhare rukomeye mu buvuzi bwawe. Kugabanya umunyu mu murire bigufasha kugenzura kubyimba n'umuvuduko w'amaraso. Gerageza kugira munsi ya 2,000 mg y'umunyu buri munsi uhindura ibiryo bitegurwa, ibiryo byo muri resitora, no kongeramo umunyu muke mu guteka. Gusoma ibyanditse ku biryo biba ingenzi.

Uburyo bwo kurya proteine bisaba kubyubahiriza. Nubwo utakaza proteine mu nkari zawe, kurya proteine nyinshi bishobora guhinyura impyiko zawe. Muganga wawe cyangwa umuhanga mu mirire azakugira inama y'umubare ukwiye ku mimerere yawe, ubusanzwe hafi ya 0.8-1.0 garama kuri kilo imwe y'uburemere bw'umubiri.

Genzura uburemere bwawe buri munsi kandi ubishyire mu gitabo. Kwiyongera k'uburemere bwihuse bw'ibiro 2-3 ku munsi cyangwa ibiro 5 mu cyumweru bishobora kugaragaza ko amazi ari gukusanywa kandi bikwiye kubimenyesha muganga wawe. Kuzamura amaguru yawe iyo wicaye cyangwa uri kuryamye bishobora kugabanya kubyimba.

Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri mu rwego rw'ubushobozi bwawe. Imyitozo ngororamubiri yoroheje nk'ugenda bishobora kunoza imitsi n'ubuzima muri rusange, ariko wirinde imyitozo ikomeye ishobora kongera kubyimba. Tega amatwi umubiri wawe kandi uruhuke iyo ukeneye.

Uko wakwitegura igihe ugiye kwa muganga?

Kwitunganya mbere yo kujya kwa muganga bigufasha kugira icyo umara igihe cyanyu hamwe kandi ntiwibagirwe amakuru y'ingenzi. Gutegura neza bishobora gutuma uhabwa ubuvuzi n'ibyemezo byo kuvura byiza.

Komeza igitabo cy'ibimenyetso ugaragaza igihe kubyimba bibaho, uko bikomeye, n'icyo bishobora kubikiza cyangwa kubikomeza. Andika uburemere bwawe bwa buri munsi, ibipimo by'umuvuduko w'amaraso niba ufite icyuma cyo kugenzura umuvuduko w'amaraso murugo, n'impinduka zose mu isura y'inkari zawe.

Zana urutonde rwuzuye rw'imiti yose, harimo imiti idasaba amabwiriza ya muganga, imiti y'inyongera, n'imiti y'ibimera. Shyiramo umubare w'imiti n'igihe uyifata. Aya makuru ni ingenzi kuko imiti imwe ishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y'impyiko.

Tegura urutonde rw'ibibazo ushaka kubaza. Ntugatinye kubaza icyo udasobanukiwe, harimo uburyo bwo kuvura, ingaruka mbi, cyangwa impinduka mu migenzereze y'ubuzima. Andika ibisubizo cyangwa uzane umuntu uza kugufasha kwibuka amakuru y'ingenzi.

Zana kopi y'ibizamini bya vuba cyangwa imyirondoro y'ubuvuzi kuva ku bandi baganga. Niba uri kubona umuganga w'inzobere ku nshuro ya mbere, amateka yawe y'ubuzima n'ibizamini byabanje bimufasha gusobanukirwa neza ibibazo byawe.

Icyo ugomba kumenya cy'ingenzi kuri nephrotic syndrome?

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo gusobanukirwa kuri nephrotic syndrome ni uko nubwo ari uburwayi bukomeye busaba ubuvuzi, burashobora kuvurwa neza hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye. Abantu benshi bafite nephrotic syndrome babayeho ubuzima buhamye, buhamye bafashijwe n'ubuvuzi bukwiye n'impinduka mu migenzereze y'ubuzima.

Kubona hakiri kare no kuvura bigira uruhare rukomeye mu bizava. Niba ubona kubyimba bidashira, inkari zifite amafuro, cyangwa ibindi bimenyetso, ntuzategereze gushaka ubuvuzi. Ubuvuzi butangiye vuba, ni byiza kurushaho kwirinda ingaruka mbi no kubungabunga imikorere y'impyiko.

Wibuke ko ubuvuzi bukunze gufata igihe kugira ngo bugire akamaro, kandi ushobora kuba ukeneye kugerageza uburyo butandukanye mbere yo kubona icyakugirira akamaro. Gukomeza kwihangana no gukomeza kuvugana na muganga wawe uko wumva n'impungenge ufite.

Hamwe n'uburyo bwo kuvura buhari uyu munsi n'ubuvuzi bwo gufasha, ibyitezwe ku bantu bafite nephrotic syndrome muri rusange ni byiza. Shyira imbaraga mu gukurikiza gahunda yawe yo kuvurwa, gufata ibyemezo byiza by'ubuzima, no gukomeza kwitabira ubuvuzi bwawe.

Ibibazo bikunze kubaho kuri nephrotic syndrome

Uburwayi bwa nephrotic bushobora gukira burundu?

Igisubizo kiterwa n'icyo gitera uburwayi bwawe bwa nephrotic. Ubwoko bumwe, cyane cyane minimal change disease ku bana, akenshi bukira burundu hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi. Ariko, ubwoko bundi bushobora gusaba gucungwa gukomeza aho kugira ngo bukire burundu. Abantu benshi bagera ku gihe kirekire badafite ibimenyetso hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye, kandi akenshi biba kimwe no gukira mu bijyanye n'ubuzima bwiza.

Uburwayi bwa nephrotic ni ubw'umuzuko cyangwa bwaragwa?

Ubwoko bumwe bw'uburwayi bwa nephrotic bushobora kugaragara mu muryango, cyane cyane ubwoko bw'umuzuko bugira ingaruka ku bana. Ariko, uburwayi bwinshi ntiburwagwa kandi buterwa n'izindi ndwara cyangwa impamvu zitazwi. Niba ufite amateka y'umuryango w'uburwayi bw'impyiko, ni byiza kubivugana na muganga wawe, ariko ntibivuze ko uzabona iyo ndwara.

Abana bafite uburwayi bwa nephrotic bashobora gukina imikino ngororamubiri n'ibikorwa bisanzwe?

Abana benshi bafite uburwayi bwa nephrotic bugenzurwa neza bashobora gukora ibikorwa bisanzwe, harimo imikino ngororamubiri. Ariko, mu bihe bikomeye by'uburwayi iyo hari kubyimba bikomeye cyangwa niba bari gufata steroids nyinshi, ibikorwa bishobora kugabanywa. Muganga w'umwana wawe azatanga ubuyobozi bwihariye hashingiwe ku mimerere yabo n'ibimenyetso biriho.

Ubuvuzi bw'uburwayi bwa nephrotic busanzwe buramara igihe kingana iki?

Igihe cyo kuvura gitandukanye cyane bitewe n'ubwoko bw'uburwayi bwa nephrotic n'uko ugereranya neza ubuvuzi. Bamwe mu bantu bashobora kuba bakeneye ubuvuzi mu mezi make, mu gihe abandi bakeneye imiti ikomeza imyaka cyangwa ubuzima bwabo bwose. Intego ni ukubona ubuvuzi buke buhagije bugumana ibimenyetso byawe bigenzurwa hamwe n'ingaruka nke.

Ni ibihe biryo nakwirinda niba mfite uburwayi bwa nephrotic?

Ibibujijwe by'ingenzi mu mirire ni ukugabanya umunyu kugira ngo ugenzure kubyimba n'umuvuduko w'amaraso. Ibi bisobanura kwirinda ibiryo bitegurwa, amasupu yatetse, inyama z'inyama zitetse, n'ibiryo byo muri resitora aho bishoboka. Ntukeneye gukuraho proteine burundu, ariko muganga wawe ashobora kugutegeka umubare muke. Irinde kongeramo umunyu mu biryo byawe kandi soma ibyanditse ku biryo neza, kuko umunyu uhisha ahantu hatariho nk'umugati n'ibinyampeke.