Cancer, Neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma ni kanseri itera mu turemangingo dutari tumaze gukura, dushobora kuboneka mu bice bitandukanye by'umubiri.

Neuroblastoma ikunda kugaragara cyane mu gice kiri hafi y'ijwi ry'umwijima, gifite inkomoko isa n'iy'uturemangingo tw'imijyana kandi kibasha kuboneka hejuru y'impyiko. Ariko kandi, neuroblastoma ishobora kandi gutera mu bindi bice by'inda no mu kifuba, mu ijosi no hafi y'umugongo, aho hari amatsinda y'uturemangingo tw'imijyana.

Neuroblastoma ikunda kwibasira abana bafite imyaka 5 cyangwa munsi yaho, nubwo ishobora kugaragara mu bana bakuru, ariko bikaba bitoroshye.

Ubundi bwoko bwa neuroblastoma bushobora gukira ubwabwo, mu gihe ubundi bushobora gusaba imiti myinshi. Uburyo bwo kuvura neuroblastoma bw'umwana wanyu buzaterwa n'ibintu byinshi.

Ibimenyetso n'ibibonwa bya neuroblastoma bitandukanye bitewe n'igice cy'umubiri cyagizweho ingaruka.

Neuroblastoma mu nda —uburyo busanzwe—bushobora gutera ibimenyetso n'ibibonwa nkibi:

• Kubabara mu nda
• Igituntu munsi y'uruhu kitababara iyo gikozweho
• Guhinduka mu mirire, nko guhitwa cyangwa guhumeka

Neuroblastoma mu gituza ishobora gutera ibimenyetso n'ibibonwa nkibi:

• Guhumeka bikomeye
• Kubabara mu gituza
• Guhinduka mu maso, harimo no kugwa kw'ipfunwe n'ubunini butangana bw'amaso

Ibindi bimenyetso n'ibibonwa bishobora kwerekana neuroblastoma birimo:

• Udukoko tw'umubiri munsi y'uruhu
• Amaso asa n'aho ava mu mabuye (proptosis)
• Imizigo imirabura, isa nkaho ari ibikomere, hafi y'amaso
• Kubabara mu mugongo
• Umuhango
• Kugabanuka k'uburemere bitasobanuwe
• Kubabara mu magufa

Hamagara muganga w'umwana wawe niba umwana wawe afite ikimenyetso cyangwa ibimenyetso bikubangamira. Vuga impinduka iyo ari yo yose mu myitwarire cyangwa imigenzo y'umwana wawe. Kanda kuri "subscribe" ubuntu, uzabona igitabo gikubiyemo uburyo bwo guhangana na kanseri, ndetse n'amakuru afatika y'uburyo bwo kubona ubundi bwumvikanire. Ushobora gukuramo izina ryawe igihe icyo ari cyo cyose. Igikoresho cyawe cyo guhangana na kanseri kizaba kiri muri inbox yawe mu kanya gato. Uzabona kandi

Muri rusange, kanseri itangira ihindagurika ry'imiterere y'imborera (génétique) rikorera ku turemangingo dusanzwe, tukaba turi muzima, bikaba byemerera gukomeza gukura bitubahirije amabwiriza yo guhagarara, ibintu uturemangingo dusanzwe dukora. Uturemangingo twa kanseri turakura kandi bikagwira birenze urugero. Uturemangingo tudasanzwe twiyongera tugakora ikibyimba (tumeur). Neuroblastome itangira mu turemangingo twa neuroblaste - uturemangingo duto twa neru (nerfs) udushya umwana utaravuka akora mu gihe cy'iterambere rye. Uko umwana utaravuka akura, neuroblaste ihinduka uturemangingo twa neru n'imigozi y'imiterere y'utwo turemangingo tugize ibyitso by'adrénaline. Neuroblaste nyinshi ziba zikuze igihe umwana avutse, nubwo hari utuntu duto twa neuroblaste tudakize dushobora kuboneka mu bana bavutse. Mu bihe byinshi, utwo turemangingo twa neuroblaste turakura cyangwa tukanashira. Ibindi, ariko, bigakora ikibyimba - neuroblastome. Ntabwo birasobanutse icyateye ihindagurika ry'imiterere y'imborera (génétique) ryambere ryateye neuroblastome.

Abana bafite amateka y'umuryango wa neuroblastoma bashobora kuba bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara iyi ndwara. Nyamara, neuroblastoma yo mu muryango ibazwa ko igizwe n'umubare muto cyane w'imibare ya neuroblastoma. Mu bihe byinshi bya neuroblastoma, nta kintu cyateye iyi ndwara kiba kimenyekanye.

Ingaruka za neuroblastoma zishobora kuba:

• Kwandura kwa kanseri (metastasis). Neuroblastoma ishobora gukwirakwira (metastasize) mu bindi bice by'umubiri, nko mu mitsi y'amaraso, mu mugozi w'inyuma, mu kibuno, ku ruhu no mu magufa.
• Ibimenyetso n'ibibonwa biterwa n'ibicuruzwa by'ibitumye bya kanseri. Udukundi twa neuroblastoma dushobora gukora ibintu bimwe na bimwe byangiza utundi tundi dukoresha, bigatera ibimenyetso n'ibibonwa bizwi nka paraneoplastic syndromes. Ikimwe mu bimenyetso bya paraneoplastic bibaho gake mu bantu bafite neuroblastoma gitera imitsi y'amaso yihuta kandi bigorana guhuza ibikorwa. Ikindi kimenyetso gake gitera kubyimba mu nda no kuribwa.

Ibizamini n'uburyo bwakoreshejwe mu gusobanura neuroblastoma birimo:

• Suzuma umubiri. Muganga w'umwana wawe akora isuzuma ry'umubiri kugira ngo arebe ibimenyetso n'ibibazo. Muganga azakubaza ibibazo ku myitwarire n'imikorere y'umwana wawe.
• Ibizamini by'inkari n'amaraso. Ibi bishobora kugaragaza icyateye ibimenyetso n'ibibazo umwana wawe afite. Ibizamini by'inkari bishobora gukoreshwa mu kugenzura urwego rwo hejuru rw'ibintu bimwe na bimwe bivuye mu miterere ya neuroblastoma ikora catecholamines nyinshi.
• Ibizamini byo kubona ishusho. Ibizamini byo kubona ishusho bishobora kugaragaza ikibazo gishobora kugaragaza uburibwe. Ibizamini byo kubona ishusho bishobora kuba harimo X-ray, ultrasound, computerized tomography (CT) scan, metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scan na magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), n'ibindi.
• Gukuramo igice cy'umubiri kugira ngo gupimwe. Niba hari ikibazo kibaho, muganga w'umwana wawe ashobora kwifuza gukuramo igice cy'umubiri kugira ngo gupimwe muri laboratwari (biopsy). Ibizamini byihariye ku gice cy'umubiri bishobora kugaragaza ubwoko bw'uturemangingabo dufatanye mu buribwe n'imiterere yihariye ya gene ya kanseri. Aya makuru afasha muganga w'umwana wawe gutegura gahunda y'ubuvuzi ihuye n'umuntu.
• Gukuramo igice cy'amasogwe y'amagufa kugira ngo gupimwe. Umwana wawe ashobora kandi kunyura mu bijyanye no gukuramo amasogwe y'amagufa no gukuramo amasogwe y'amagufa kugira ngo arebe niba neuroblastoma yageze mu masogwe y'amagufa- ibintu byoroshye biri mu magufa manini aho uturemangingabo tw'amaraso dukora. Kugira ngo bakureho amasogwe y'amagufa kugira ngo apimwe, umugozi winjizwa mu gice cy'umwana wawe cyangwa inyuma kugira ngo bakureho amasogwe.

Iyo neuroblastoma imenyekanye, muganga w'umwana wawe ashobora gutegeka ibizamini byinshi kugira ngo amenye uko kanseri yageze kure niba yageze mu zindi nzego- igikorwa cyitwa staging. Kumenya icyiciro cya kanseri bifasha muganga guhitamo ubuvuzi bukwiriye.

Ibizamini byo kubona ishusho byakoreshejwe mu gupima kanseri birimo X-rays, bone scans, na CT, MRI na MIBG scans, n'ibindi.

Icyiciro cya neuroblastoma kigaragazwa n'inumero z'Abaroma ziri hagati ya 0 na IV, aho ibyiciro byo hasi bigaragaza kanseri iherereye ahantu hamwe. Ku cyiciro cya IV, kanseri ifatwa nk'iterambere kandi yageze mu bindi bice by'umubiri.

Muganga w’umwana wawe ahitamo gahunda y’ubuvuzi hagendewe ku bintu bitandukanye bigira ingaruka ku cyerekezo cy’uburwayi bw’umwana wawe. Ibyo bintu birimo imyaka y’umwana wawe, icyiciro cya kanseri, ubwoko bw’uturemangingo dufatanye na kanseri, niba hari ibitagenda neza mu mubare w’ibice by’umubiri ndetse n’imiterere y’ibice by’umubiri. Muganga w’umwana wawe akoresha amakuru kugira ngo ashyire kanseri mu byiciro by’uburwayi buke, uburwayi bwo hagati cyangwa uburwayi bukomeye. Ubuvuzi cyangwa imiti umwana wawe ahabwa kubera neuroblastoma biterwa n’icyiciro cy’uburwayi. Ababagisha bakoresha ubuhanga n’ibikoresho by’abaganga kugira ngo bakureho uturemangingo twa kanseri. Ku bana bafite neuroblastoma y’uburwayi buke, kubaga kugira ngo bakureho ibinini bya kanseri bishobora kuba ari bwo buvuzi bwonyine bukenewe. Niba ibinini bishobora gukurwaho rwose biterwa n’aho biherereye n’ubunini bwabyo. Ibinini bifatanye n’imigongo y’imbere y’ingenzi nka za pulmoni cyangwa umugozi w’umugongo bishobora kuba bituma habaho ibyago byinshi byo kubikuraho. Mu neuroblastoma yo hagati n’iy’uburwayi bukomeye, ababagisha bashobora kugerageza gukuraho igice kinini cy’ibinini. Ibindi bivuzi, nko kuvura indwara ya kanseri no kurasa, bishobora gukoreshwa kugira ngo bicishe uturemangingo twa kanseri dusagaye. Ubuvuzi bwo kuvura kanseri bukoresha ibintu by’imiti kugira ngo bwicishe uturemangingo twa kanseri. Ubuvuzi bwo kuvura kanseri bugamije uturemangingo tw’umubiri dukura vuba, harimo uturemangingo twa kanseri. Ikibabaje ni uko kuvura kanseri byangiza kandi uturemangingo dufite ubuzima bwiza dukura vuba, nko muri utwo tw’imisatsi no mu gice cy’igogorwa, ibyo bishobora gutera ingaruka mbi. Abana bafite neuroblastoma yo hagati bakunda guhabwa imiti ivura kanseri mbere y’uko babagwa kugira ngo boroshye amahirwe yo gukuraho ibinini byose. Abana bafite neuroblastoma y’uburwayi bukomeye bakunda guhabwa umuti w’imiti ivura kanseri kugira ngo bagabanye ibinini kandi bicishe uturemangingo twa kanseri twagiye ahandi mu mubiri. Ubuvuzi bwo kuvura kanseri bukunze gukoreshwa mbere y’uko babagwa kandi mbere y’uko bashyirwa mu maraso. Ubuvuzi bwo kurasa bukoresha imirasire ifite imbaraga nyinshi, nka X-rays, kugira ngo bwicishe uturemangingo twa kanseri. Abana bafite neuroblastoma y’uburwayi buke cyangwa iy’uburwayi bwo hagati bashobora guhabwa ubuvuzi bwo kurasa niba kubaga no kuvura kanseri bitagize akamaro. Abana bafite neuroblastoma y’uburwayi bukomeye bashobora guhabwa ubuvuzi bwo kurasa nyuma yo kubagwa no kuvura kanseri, kugira ngo bakumire kanseri kudakomeza. Ubuvuzi bwo kurasa bugira ingaruka ahanini ahantu bugamije, ariko uturemangingo dufite ubuzima bwiza dushobora kwangizwa n’imirasire. Ingaruka mbi umwana wawe azagira ziterwa n’aho imirasire igamije n’ingano y’imirasire itangwa. Abana bafite neuroblastoma y’uburwayi bukomeye bashobora guhabwa urukingo bakoresheje uturemangingo twakuwe mu maraso (autologous stem cell transplant). Ubuvuzi bwo kuvura indwara ya kanseri bukoresha imiti ikora itangaza sisitemu y’umubiri kugira ngo ifashe kurwanya uturemangingo twa kanseri. Abana bafite neuroblastoma y’uburwayi bukomeye bashobora guhabwa imiti ivura kanseri ishyira imbaraga mu gukora sisitemu y’umubiri kugira ngo yice uturemangingo twa neuroblastoma. Abaganga baracyiga ubwoko bushya bw’ubuvuzi bwo kurasa bushobora gufasha kugenzura neuroblastoma y’uburwayi bukomeye. Ubuvuzi bukoresha ubwoko bw’imiti ya metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) ifite imirasire. Iyo yinjijwe mu maraso, MIBG ijya mu turemangingo twa neuroblastoma kandi ikarekura imirasire. Ubuvuzi bwa MIBG rimwe na rimwe buhuzwa no kuvura kanseri cyangwa gushyira mu maraso. Nyuma yo guhabwa inshinge ya MIBG ifite imirasire, umwana wawe azakenera kuguma mu cyumba cyihariye cy’ibitaro kugeza imirasire isize umubiri we mu mpiswi. Ubuvuzi bwa MIBG busanzwe bumaara iminsi mike. Kanda hano kugira ngo wiyandikishe ubuntu kandi ubone igitabo cyimbitse cyo guhangana na kanseri, hamwe n’amakuru afatika yo kubona ubundi buvuzi. Ushobora guhagarika iyandikisha igihe icyo aricyo cyose ukoresheje ikimenyetso cyo guhagarika iyandikisha kiri muri imeli. Igitabo cyimbitse cyo guhangana na kanseri kizaba kiri muri imeli yawe vuba. Uzabona kandi… Iyo umwana wawe abonye kanseri, biramenyerewe kumva amarangamutima atandukanye kuva ku guhagarika no kutazemera kugeza ku kwicuza no kurakara. Hagati muri iyo mimerere y’amarangamutima, utegerejwe gufata ibyemezo ku bijyanye n’ubuvuzi bw’umwana wawe. Bishobora kuba byinshi. Niba wumva utagira icyo ukora, ushobora kugerageza: - Gushaka amakuru yose ukeneye. Menya byinshi kuri neuroblastoma kugira ngo wumve utekanye ufata ibyemezo ku bijyanye no kwita ku mwana wawe. Ganira n’itsinda ry’ubuvuzi bw’umwana wawe. Komeza urutonde rw’ibibazo byo kubabaza mu nama ikurikiyeho. Suzuma inzu y’ibitabo yaho uba kandi usabe ubufasha mu gushaka amakuru. Reba imbuga za interineti za National Cancer Institute na American Cancer Society kugira ngo umenye byinshi. - Gukoresha uburyo bwo gufasha abana barwaye kanseri. Shaka uburyo bwihariye bwo gufasha imiryango y’abana barwaye kanseri. Baza abakozi b’imibereho muri kliniki yawe ibyaboneka. Amatsinda y’ababyeyi n’abavandimwe araguhuza n’abantu bumva ibyo wumva. Umuryango wawe ushobora kuba ukwiriye kujya mu bigo by’abana mu gihe cy’izuba, amacumbi y’agateganyo n’ubundi bufasha. - Kugumana ubuzima busanzwe uko bishoboka kose. Abana bato ntibashobora kumva ibibabaho mu gihe barimo kuvurwa kanseri. Kugira ngo ufashe umwana wawe guhangana, gerageza kugumana ubuzima busanzwe uko bishoboka kose. Gerageza gutegura gahunda kugira ngo umwana wawe abone igihe cyo kuryama buri munsi. Mugire igihe cyo kurya. Reka umwana wawe akine igihe yumva abishoboye. Niba umwana wawe agomba kumara igihe mu bitaro, mumuze ibintu byo mu rugo bimufasha kumva atekanye. Baza itsinda ry’ubuvuzi bw’umwana wawe uburyo bundi bwo guhumuriza umwana wawe mu gihe ari kuvurwa. Bimwe mu bitaro bifite abaganga b’imyidagaduro cyangwa abakozi b’ubuzima bw’abana bashobora kuguha uburyo bwihariye bwo gufasha umwana wawe guhangana.