Neuromyelitis Optica ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n'Ubuvuzi

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) ni indwara idasanzwe iterwa n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, ikaba igira ingaruka ahanini ku mitsi y'amaso n'umugongo. Ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bugaba igitero ku mubiri muzima muri ibi bice, bigatera kubyimba no kwangirika bishobora gutera ibibazo by'ububone n'ibibazo byo kugenda.

Iyi ndwara yahoze ifatwa nk'ubwoko bwa sclerosis nyinshi, ariko ubu tumaze kumenya ko ari indwara itandukanye ifite imico yayo n'uburyo bwo kuyivura. Nubwo NMO ishobora kuba ikomeye, kumva icyo uhura na cyo no kubona ubuvuzi bukwiye bishobora gutanga itandukaniro rikomeye mu gucunga ibimenyetso byawe no kurengera ubuzima bwawe bw'igihe kirekire.

Ibimenyetso bya neuromyelitis optica ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso bya NMO bigaragara mu buryo butunguranye kandi bishobora kuba bikomeye cyane. Iyi ndwara igira ingaruka ahanini ku bice bibiri by'ubwonko, bivuze ko ushobora guhura n'ibibazo by'ububone, ibibazo by'umugongo, cyangwa byombi.

Dore ibyo ushobora kubona niba NMO igira ingaruka ku bubone bwawe:

• Gutakaza ububone mu buryo butunguranye mu jisho rimwe cyangwa mu yombi
• Kubabara amaso bikomeza iyo uhindura amaso
• Amabara asa n'ayahagaze cyangwa adafite umwimerere
• Ibibanza bipfukiranye mu bubone bwawe
• Ubuhumyi bwuzuye mu gihe gikomeye

Iyo NMO igira ingaruka ku mugongo wawe, ushobora guhura n'ibi bimenyetso:

• Intege nke cyangwa uburibwe mu maboko cyangwa mu maguru
• Kubabara cyangwa guhindagurika
• Kubabara cyane mu mugongo cyangwa mu ijosi
• Ibibazo byo kugenzura umwanya w'inkari cyangwa amara
• Kugorana kogenda cyangwa kudashaka kugenda
• Guhindagurika kw'imitsi cyangwa gukomera

Bamwe mu bantu bagira n'ibimenyetso bidafite akamaro nk'uko byavuzwe haruguru nko guhindagurika k'umutima, iseseme, cyangwa kuruka iyo ibice bimwe by'ubwonko byagizweho ingaruka. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora gutera urujijo kuko bisa ntibihuye n'ibimenyetso bya NMO, ariko mu by'ukuri bifitanye isano n'kubyimba mu bice bimwe by'ubwonko.

Ubukana bw’ibimenyetso bishobora gutandukana cyane ukurikije umuntu ku wundi. Bamwe barakira neza hagati y’ibice, abandi bashobora kugira ingaruka ziramba zibangamira ibikorwa byabo bya buri munsi.

Ubwoko bwa neuromyelitis optica ni ubuhe?

Abaganga bazi ubwoko bubiri nyamukuru bwa NMO bushingiye ku kuba antikorora runaka iri mu maraso yawe. Gusobanukirwa ubwoko ufite bifasha mu gutanga imiti no kumenya icyo witeze.

NMO ifite antikorora za AQP4 ni yo yiganje, igira ingaruka ku bantu bagera kuri 70-80% bafite iyi ndwara. Aya ma anticorps agerageza kuri poroteyine yitwa aquaporin-4 iboneka mu bwonko bwawe no mu mugongo. Abantu bafite ubu bwoko bakunze kugira ibibazo bikomeye kandi bashobora kuba bafite ibyago byinshi byo kugira ibindi bibazo mu gihe kizaza.

NMO idafite antikorora za AQP4, rimwe na rimwe yitwa NMO idafite antikorora, igira ingaruka ku bandi 20-30%. Bamwe muri aba bantu bashobora kugira antikorora zigaba kuri indi poroteyine yitwa MOG (myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein). Ubu bwoko rimwe na rimwe bushobora kugira inzira yoroheje, nubwo ibimenyetso bikomeye bishobora kubaho.

Mu minsi yashize, abaganga kandi bamenye ikiciro cyagutse cyitwa neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Irimo abantu bafite bimwe mu bimenyetso bya NMO ariko badahuza ibisabwa byose bisanzwe. Gusobanukirwa ibi bitandukanye bifasha itsinda ry’ubuvuzi bwawe gutanga ubufasha bukwiye ku kibazo cyawe.

Ni iki gatera neuromyelitis optica?

NMO ibaho iyo ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri bwawe buhubuka bugatangira kwibasira ibice byiza by’ubwonko bwawe. Impamvu nyakuri ibi bibaho ntibirasobanuka neza, ariko abashakashatsi bamenye ibintu byinshi bishobora gufatanya gutera iyi ndwara.

Impamvu nyamukuru ijyanye n’uko umubiri wawe utanga antikorora zishobora kwibasira imikorere y’imisemburo mu mikorere y’ubwonko. Mu bihe byinshi, izi antikorora zigaba igitero kuri aquaporin-4, imisemburo ifasha mu kugenzura uko amazi abungabungwa mu bwonko no mu mugongo. Iyo izi antikorora zifashe kuri iyi misemburo, zituma haba uburibwe n’ibyangirika by’ingingo zikikije.

Ibintu byinshi bishobora gutera NMO:

• Ukwibasirwa n’indwara z’umuryango - impinduka zimwe na zimwe za gene zishobora gutuma uba ufite ibyago byinshi
• Indwara zandura - zimwe mu ndwara ziterwa na virusi cyangwa bagiteri zishobora gutera ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri
• Izindi ndwara ziterwa n’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri - kugira indwara nka lupus cyangwa Sjögren's syndrome byongera ibyago
• Ibintu by’ibidukikije - nubwo ibintu bituma biba bitaramenyekana neza

Ni ngombwa kumva ko NMO atari indwara yandura kandi ko nta kintu wakoze cyayiteye. Iyi ndwara isa n’iterwa n’imikorere ikomeye hagati ya gene zawe n’ibintu by’ibidukikije abahanga mu bya siyansi bagikoraho ubushakashatsi kugira ngo babyumve neza.

Abagore barayirwara kenshi kurusha abagabo, cyane cyane abagore b’Abanyafurika, Abayaziya, cyangwa Abahispanike. Iyi ndwara ishobora kuza mu myaka yose, ariko ikunze kugaragara mu bantu bakuru bafite imyaka iri hagati ya 30 na 40.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera neuromyelitis optica?

Wagomba gushaka ubufasha bwa muganga ako kanya niba ufite ibibazo byo kubura kubona imbonankubone, ububabare bukabije bw’amaso, cyangwa ukwihuta kw’intege nke cyangwa ubuzimu mu biganza na maguru. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kugaragaza uburibwe bukomeye bukeneye kuvurwa vuba kugira ngo hirindwe iyangirika ry’ibihe byose.

Ntugatege amatwi ngo urebe niba ibimenyetso bizagenda ubwabyo. Ibihe bya NMO bishobora gutera iyangirika ridashobora gukosorwa niba bitavuwe vuba, bityo kubona ubufasha bwa muganga mu masaha cyangwa mu minsi nyuma y’ibimenyetso ni ingenzi kugira ngo ubone ibisubizo byiza.

Jya kwa muganga ako kanya niba ufite:

• Gutakaza imbonerahamwe by’akanya gato cyangwa igice cyayo
• Kubabara cyane amaso bifatanije n’impinduka z’imbonerahamwe
• Gukomera vuba kw’intege nke cyangwa ubugufi
• Gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kugenzura umwanya w’inkari cyangwa umwanya w’amatungo
• Kubabara cyane, bitasobanuwe, mu mugongo cyangwa mu ijosi bifatanije n’ibimenyetso by’indwara z’imitsi

Ndetse n’iyo ibimenyetso byawe bigaragara nk’ibyoroheje cyangwa bigakora rimwe na rimwe, birakwiriye kubiganiraho na muganga wawe. Kumenya hakiri kare no kuvura birashobora gufasha kwirinda gusubiramo kw’indwara no kugabanya ibyago byo kugira ubumuga buhoraho.

Niba umaze kuvurwa indwara ya NMO, hamagara itsinda ry’abaganga bawe ako kanya ubonye ibimenyetso bishya cyangwa ibibaho bikomeye. Bashobora kugufasha kumenya niba ufite ikibazo gisaba kuvurwa.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago byo kurwara neuromyelitis optica?

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera amahirwe yo kurwara NMO, nubwo kuba ufite ibyo bintu ntibisobanura ko uzayirwara. Gusobanukirwa ibyo bintu bishobora kugufasha wowe n’umuganga wawe kuba maso ku bimenyetso bya mbere.

Igitsina n’ubwoko bw’abantu bagira uruhare runini mu byago byo kurwara NMO. Abagore bafite amahirwe menshi yo kurwara iyi ndwara kurusha abagabo, cyane cyane mu myaka yabo yo kubyara. Abantu b’Abanyafurika, Abayaziya, n’Abahispanike bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara NMO ugereranyije n’abazungu.

Dore ibyago by’ingenzi abaganga bamaze kumenya:

• Kuba umugore, cyane cyane hagati y’imyaka 30-40
• Kuba ufite inkomoko y’Abanyafurika, Abayaziya cyangwa Abahispanike
• Amateka y’indwara ziterwa n’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri mu muryango
• Kuba ufite izindi ndwara ziterwa n’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri nka lupus cyangwa Sjögren's syndrome
• Ubuhinduzi runaka bwa gene bugira ingaruka ku mikorere y’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri
• Indwara zabanje, cyane cyane izikora ku mikorere y’ubwonko

Bimwe mu bintu bike byongera ibyago abaganga bagikoraho ubushakashatsi birimo imiti imwe n’imwe, umunaniro, n’impinduka z’imisemburo. Gutwita rimwe na rimwe bishobora gutera ibibazo bya NMO, nubwo abagore benshi barwaye iyi ndwara bagira utwitwanyi heza bafashijwe n’abaganga.

Ni ngombwa kwibuka ko abantu benshi bafite ibyo bintu byongera ibyago batarwara NMO. Iyi ndwara iracyari nke, ikaba igera ku bantu 1-2 kuri 100.000 mu baturage benshi.

Ni ibihe bibazo bishobora guterwa na neuromyelitis optica?

NMO ishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye, cyane cyane niba ibibazo bitavuwe vuba cyangwa niba iyi ndwara idakurikiranwa neza hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bw’ubwirinzi.

Ibibazo bijyanye n’ububone bishobora kuva ku bito kugeza ku bikomeye kandi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku jisho rimwe cyangwa ku zombi. Bamwe mu bantu bagira ibibazo by’ububone by’igihe gito bikira bavuwe, abandi bagira impinduka ziramba zigira ingaruka ku mibereho yabo ya buri munsi n’ubwigenge bwabo.

Ibibazo bisanzwe ushobora guhura na byo birimo:

• Gutakaza burundu ububone cyangwa ubuhumbu ku jisho rimwe cyangwa ku zombi
• Kugira ikibazo cyo kumenya amabara cyangwa kureba neza
• Ibibazo byo kugenda kuva ku bumuga kugeza ku guhagarara burundu
• Kubabara igihe kirekire, cyane cyane kubabara guterwa n’ubwonko kubera kwangirika kw’imitsi
• Kudakora neza kw’umwijima n’amara bisaba gukurikiranwa igihe kirekire
• Ibibazo by’imibonano mpuzabitsina bitewe n’uko umugongo uba warangiritse

Ibibazo bike ariko bikomeye bishobora kubaho iyo NMO igira ingaruka ku bice by’ubwonko bitari imiyoboro y’amaso n’umugongo. Ibyo bishobora kuba harimo isereri n’kuruka igihe kirekire, kugira ikibazo cyo guhumeka, cyangwa ibibazo byo kugenzura ubushyuhe bw’umubiri.

Kugira agahinda n’umunaniro ni ibibazo bikomeye kuri benshi barwaye NMO. Kubaho ufite indwara iramara igihe kirekire ishobora gutera ubumuga bigira ingaruka ku mibereho yawe yo mu mutwe, kandi ibyo bintu byo mu mutwe bikwiye kwitabwaho no kuvurwa kimwe n’ibimenyetso by’umubiri.

Inkuru nziza ni uko hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye, ibyo bibazo byinshi bishobora kwirindwa cyangwa kugabanuka. Kumenya indwara hakiri kare no kwitabwaho n’abaganga buri gihe byongera amahirwe yo kugumana ubushobozi n’imibereho myiza.

Uko neuromyelitis optica ishobora kwirindwa

Ikibabaje ni uko nta buryo bwo kwirinda NMO kuva itangira kuko tutabasha gusobanukirwa neza ibintu byose bitera iyi ndwara. Ariko, umaze kurwara NMO, hari uburyo bwiza bwo kwirinda ko yakongera kugaruka no kugabanya ibyago by’ibibazo.

Uburyo bw’ingenzi bwo kwirinda burimo gufata imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri nk’uko umuganga wawe yabitegetse. Iyo miti ifasha gutuza ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri bukabije kandi igabanya cyane amahirwe yo kugira ibindi bibazo byo mu mikorere y’ubwonko.

Uburyo butandukanye bwo kwirinda bushobora kugufasha kurinda ubuzima bwawe bw’igihe kirekire:

• Kunywa imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buri gihe
• Kwitabira gahunda z’isuzuma buri gihe hamwe n’itsinda ry’abaganga bawe
• Kuvurwa vuba indwara, zishobora gutera ko indwara yongera kugaruka
• Kumenya uko wakwirinda umunaniro hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kuruhuka cyangwa inama
• Kugira ubuzima bwiza muri rusange binyuze mu mirire myiza n’imyitozo ngororamubiri ikwiye
• Kwima ibintu bizwi ko bitera indwara niba hari ibyo wigeze kumenya

Bamwe mu bantu basanga ibintu bimwe na bimwe nka stress, indwara, cyangwa impinduka z’imiti bishobora gutera ko indwara yongera kugaruka. Gukorana n’itsinda ry’abaganga bawe kugira ngo umenye kandi ugenzure ibyo bintu byihariye bishobora kuba ingirakamaro mu buryo bwawe bwo kwirinda.

Ni ngombwa kandi kugira gahunda yo kumenya no guhangana n’ibimenyetso bishya vuba. Uko uvuwe vuba indwara yongera kugaruka, ni ko amahirwe yo kwirinda kwangirika kudasubira inyuma aba menshi.

Uko neuromyelitis optica imenyekana

Kumenya NMO bisaba guhuza isuzuma ry’abaganga, ibizamini by’amaraso byihariye, n’ibizamini byo kubona ishusho. Umuganga wawe azakenera gukuraho izindi ndwara zishobora gutera ibimenyetso nk’ibyo, cyane cyane sclerosis nyinshi.

Uburyo bwo kumenya indwara busanzwe butangira n’amateka y’ubuzima n’isuzuma ry’ubwonko. Umuganga wawe azakubaza ibimenyetso byawe, igihe byatangiye, n’uko byakomeje. Azakora kandi ibizamini kugira ngo arebe ububone bwawe, imikorere y’imitsi, uburyo bumva, n’imbaraga z’imitsi.

Ibizamini by’ingenzi bikoresha mu kumenya NMO birimo:

• Isuzuma ry’amaraso rya antikorps za AQP4 - riba rigaragaza ibintu byiza mu bipimo bigera kuri 70-80%
• Isuzuma rya MRI ry’ubwonko bwawe, imiyoboro y’amaso, n’umugongo
• Gucukura mu mugongo (spinal tap) kugira ngo hamenyekane amazi yo mu mugongo
• Ubushobozi bwo kubona ibintu byihuse kugira ngo hamenyekane imikorere y’imiyoboro y’amaso
• Optical coherence tomography kugira ngo hamenyekane retina

Ibyavuye muri MRI muri NMO bikunze kuba bitandukanye cyane. Ibimenyetso byo mu mugongo bikunze kuba birebire kurusha ibyo mu sclerosis nyinshi, bikunze kuba birebire kurusha imyanya itatu y’umugongo. Ibimenyetso byo mu bwonko, iyo bihari, bikunze kuba mu bice bimwe na bimwe hafi y’amazi yo mu bwonko.

Kumenya indwara neza rimwe na rimwe bishobora gutwara igihe, cyane cyane niba igisubizo cy’ikizamini cya antikorps ari kibi cyangwa niba ibimenyetso byawe ari bike. Umuganga wawe ashobora gukenera gukurikirana uko ubuzima bwawe bugenda mu mezi menshi kugira ngo arebe uko bugenda n’uko buhita bukira.

Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, abaganga bashobora gutangira kuvura bishingiye ku gushidikanya mbere y’uko ibisubizo byose by’ibizamini biboneka, cyane cyane niba ufite ikibazo gikomeye gisaba kuvurwa ako kanya.

Uko neuromyelitis optica ivurwa

Ubuvuzi bwa NMO bugamije ibintu bibiri by’ingenzi: kuvura ibibazo byihuse iyo bibayeho no kwirinda ko byongera kubaho. Uburyo bukoreshwa biterwa n’uko ufite ikibazo cyihuse cyangwa ukeneye ubuvuzi bw’igihe kirekire.

Ku bibazo byihuse, abaganga bakoresha imiti ikomeye ya corticosteroids itangwa mu buryo bwa intravenous iminsi myinshi. Ubwo buvuzi bukana bwo kurwanya ububabare bushobora kugabanya uburemere n’igihe ibibazo bibaho, nubwo bukora neza iyo butangiye hakiri kare.

Uburyo bwo kuvura ibibazo byihuse birimo:

• Corticosteroids nyinshi zitangwa mu buryo bwa intravenous (methylprednisolone)
• Plasma exchange niba steroids zidakora neza
• Intravenous immunoglobulin nk’ubuvuzi bw’inyongera
• Kwita ku bimenyetso byihariye nka kubabara cyangwa ibibazo by’umwijima

Ubuvuzi bw’ubwirinzi bw’igihe kirekire ni ingenzi kuri benshi barwaye NMO. Iyo miti ifasha kugabanya ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri kugira ngo iburinde kongera kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y’ubwonko. Umuganga wawe azakorana nawe kugira ngo abone imiti ikora neza kandi ifite ingaruka nke.

Imiti isanzwe ikoreshwa mu kwirinda irimo:

• Rituximab - igira ingaruka ku mitsi y’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri ikora kuri NMO
• Azathioprine - imiti isanzwe igabanya ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri
• Mycophenolate mofetil - indi miti igabanya ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri
• Eculizumab - imiti mishya yemewe gukoreshwa kuri NMO
• Satralizumab - indi miti mishya yemewe gukoreshwa
• Inebilizumab - imiti mishya yemewe na FDA

Gahunda yawe yo kuvurwa izahuzwa n’ibintu nko gukomeza kw’indwara yawe, uko wakira imiti, ingaruka zishoboka, n’ibyo ukunda. Gukurikirana buri gihe ni ingenzi kugira ngo umenye niba ubuvuzi bwawe bukora neza no kureba ingaruka zishoboka.

Uko wakwitwara murugo ufite neuromyelitis optica

Kwitwara murugo ufite NMO bisaba guhuza gukurikiza gahunda yawe yo kuvurwa, guhindura imirimo yawe ya buri munsi, no kugumana ubuzima bwawe muri rusange. Impinduka nto mu mibereho yawe zishobora kugira ingaruka nini ku kuntu wumva buri munsi.

Kunywa imiti yawe nk’uko yategetswe ni ikintu cy’ingenzi cyane ushobora gukora murugo. Shyiraho uburyo bwo kukwibutsa igihe cyo kunywa imiti, ukoresheje ibikoresho byo kubika imiti, gushyira igihe cyo kunywa imiti kuri telefone, cyangwa guhuza igihe cyo kunywa imiti n’ibikorwa bya buri munsi nko kurya.

Dore ingamba zifatika zishobora kugufasha guhangana n’ibimenyetso bya NMO:

• Kurema ahantu heza, hagaragara neza niba ufite ibibazo by’ububone
• Koresha ibikoresho byo kugenda nka inkoni cyangwa amagare niba bikenewe kugira ngo urinde umutekano
• Shyira ibikoresho byo kwiringira n’ibindi bikoresho byo kwiringira mu bwogero
• Kumenya uko wakwirinda umunaniro hakoreshejwe imirimo n’igihe cyo kuruhuka
• Kuguma ahantu hatuje, kuko ubushyuhe bushobora kongera kubabaza ibibazo by’ubwonko
• Koresha uburyo bwo kwirinda umunaniro nko guhumeka cyangwa gukora imyitozo yo mu mutwe

Niba ufite ibibazo by’umwijima cyangwa amara, korana n’itsinda ry’abaganga bawe kugira ngo mugire gahunda yo guhangana n’icyo kibazo. Ibyo bishobora kuba harimo kujya mu bwiherero buri gihe, guhindura imirire, cyangwa imyitozo yihariye yo gufasha kugenzura.

Guhangana n’ububabare akenshi ni igice cy’ingenzi cyo kwita ku buzima murugo. Ibyo bishobora kuba harimo imiti yategetswe, ariko ushobora kandi kugerageza ubushyuhe cyangwa ubukonje, imyitozo myoroheje, cyangwa uburyo bwo kuruhuka. Buri gihe menya umuganga wawe mbere yo kugerageza uburyo bushya.

Kugumana umubano n’abandi no gukora ibikorwa ukunda bishobora kugira ingaruka nini ku mibereho yawe. Ntugatinye gusaba ubufasha iyo ubukeneye, kandi tekereza kujya mu matsinda y’ubufasha aho ushobora kuvugana n’abandi basobanukiwe ibyo ucamo.

Uko wakwitegura kujya kwa muganga

Kwitwara neza mbere yo kujya kwa muganga bishobora kugufasha kubona inyungu nyinshi mu gihe cyawe hamwe n’itsinda ry’abaganga bawe. Gutegura neza bifasha umuganga wawe gusobanukirwa uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze ubu no gufata ibyemezo byiza byo kuvura.

Mbere yo kujya kwa muganga, andika ibimenyetso byawe byose, nubwo bisa nkaho ari bito cyangwa bidakora ku kibazo. Bandika igihe byatangiye, uburemere bwabyo, n’icyo biba byiza cyangwa bibi. Ibyo bintu bifasha umuganga wawe gukurikirana impinduka mu buzima bwawe mu gihe.

Zana ibi bintu by’ingenzi mu buvuzi bwawe:

• Urutonde rwuzuye rw’imiti yose, harimo umwanya n’igihe cyo kuyinywa
• Ibisubizo by’ibizamini bya vuba cyangwa impapuro z’ubuvuzi zivuye ku bandi baganga
• Igitabo cy’ibimenyetso niba wari wabikora
• Amakuru y’ubwisungane n’irangamuntu
• Urutonde rw’ibibazo cyangwa impungenge ushaka kuganiraho
• Amakuru y’aho ushobora kuvugana n’abandi baganga bari mu itsinda ryawe

Tekereza ku bibazo by’ingenzi ushaka kuganiraho, nko guhangana n’ingaruka z’imiti, guhindura akazi cyangwa urwego rw’imirimo, cyangwa gutegura ingendo. Umuganga wawe ashobora kugufasha cyane kuri ibyo bibazo bya buri munsi.

Tekereza kuzana umuntu wo mu muryango cyangwa inshuti mu buvuzi bw’ingenzi. Bashobora kugufasha kwibuka amakuru yavuzwe mu gihe cy’ubuvuzi no gutanga ubufasha bwo mu mutwe. Bamwe mu bantu basanga ari byiza kwandika cyangwa no kwandika ibiganiro (wemererwa n’umuganga wawe).

Ntugatinye kubabaza ibibazo niba hari ikintu kitumvikana. Itsinda ry’abaganga bawe rishaka kugufasha gusobanukirwa uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze n’uburyo bwo kuvura. Gutegura ibibazo byawe mbere bizatuma utabagirwa kubabaza ikintu cy’ingenzi.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya cyane kuri neuromyelitis optica

Ikintu cy’ingenzi cyo gusobanukirwa kuri NMO ni uko nubwo ari indwara ikomeye, hari ubuvuzi bukora bushobora kugufasha cyane. Kumenya indwara hakiri kare no kuvura vuba ibibazo, hamwe no kuvurwa neza, bishobora kugufasha kugira imibereho myiza.

NMO igira ingaruka kuri buri wese mu buryo butandukanye, bityo uko wumva bishobora gutandukana cyane n’abandi barwaye iyo ndwara. Gukorana bya hafi n’itsinda ry’abaganga bafite ubunararibonye mu kuvura NMO biguha amahirwe meza yo guhangana n’ibimenyetso neza no kwirinda ibibazo by’igihe kizaza.

Wibuke ko ubushakashatsi kuri NMO buzamuka vuba, ubuvuzi bushya buhaboneka buri gihe. Gusobanukirwa iyi ndwara byarushijeho kuba byiza mu myaka icumi ishize, bigatuma abantu bavurwa uyu munsi bagira ibyiza kurusha abavuwe mu myaka yashize.

Kubaho ufite NMO bisaba impinduka, ariko abantu benshi barwaye iyi ndwara bakomeza gukora, bagumana umubano, kandi bagira imibereho yuzuye. Kubaka urusobe rw’abantu bagufasha rurimo itsinda ry’abaganga bawe, umuryango, inshuti, n’abandi bantu barwaye NMO bishobora koroshya urugendo rwawe.

Guguma ufite ibyiringiro kandi ukora ibishoboka byose mu buvuzi bwawe. Uko usobanukirwa neza uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze n’uko witabira gahunda yawe yo kuvurwa, ni ko uzaba ufite ubushobozi bwo guhangana na NMO neza mu gihe kirekire.

Ibibazo byakenshi bibazwa kuri neuromyelitis optica

Neuromyelitis optica ni kimwe na sclerosis nyinshi?

Oya, NMO na sclerosis nyinshi ni indwara zitandukanye, nubwo rimwe na rimwe byumvikana ko bifitanye isano. NMO ikora cyane ku miyoboro y’amaso n’umugongo, mu gihe MS ikunze gutera ibibazo byinshi mu bwonko. Ubuvuzi n’uko ubuzima buzagenda bishobora gutandukana cyane hagati y’izo ndwara zombi.

Abantu barwaye NMO bashobora kubyara nta kibazo?

Abagore benshi barwaye NMO bashobora kubyara nta kibazo, nubwo gutegura neza no gukurikirana ari ngombwa. Imiti imwe n’imwe igomba guhinduka mbere yo gutwita, kandi uzakenera ubuvuzi bwihariye mu gihe cyo gutwita. Ibyago byo kugira ibibazo bishobora kuba byinshi mu gihe cyo gutwita cyane cyane mu mezi nyuma yo kubyara, ariko ibyo bishobora guhangana n’ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Nzahinduka impumyi cyangwa nzagira ubumuga bwo guhagarara?

Si ngombwa. Nubwo NMO ishobora gutera ubumuga bukomeye niba idavuwe, abantu benshi bagumana ubushobozi bukomeye bavuwe neza. Bamwe mu bantu barakira neza ibibazo, abandi bagira ingaruka zimwe na zimwe ziramba. Ikintu cy’ingenzi ni ukubona ubuvuzi vuba ibibazo byihuse no kunywa imiti y’ubwirinzi buri gihe kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kugira ibindi bibazo.

Ibibazo bya NMO biba kenshi gute?

Ubwinshi bw’ibibazo bitandukanye cyane hagati y’abantu. Utabonye ubuvuzi bw’ubwirinzi, bamwe mu bantu bashobora kugira ibibazo byinshi buri mwaka, abandi bashobora kumara imyaka hagati y’ibibazo. Ufashijwe n’imiti ikomeye y’ubwirinzi, abantu benshi bagira ibibazo bike cyangwa nta bibazo na bimwe. Umuganga wawe ashobora kugufasha gusobanukirwa ibyago byawe biturutse ku bintu nka antikorps na amateka yawe y’ubuzima.

Stress ishobora gutera ko NMO yongera kugaruka?

Bamwe mu bantu babona ko umunaniro mwinshi usa n’aho ubanjiriza ibibazo byabo, nubwo umubano utarashyirwa ahagaragara. Nubwo utazashobora gukuraho umunaniro wose mu buzima bwawe, kwiga uburyo bwo kwirinda umunaniro bishobora kugufasha. Ibyo bishobora kuba harimo imyitozo ngororamubiri, uburyo bwo kuruhuka, inama, cyangwa ubundi buryo bukora kuri wowe. Niba ubona ko umunaniro usa n’aho utera ibimenyetso byawe, genda uganire n’itsinda ry’abaganga bawe.