Uburwayi bwo Kwigomeka no Kwigomeka (Oppositional Defiant Disorder): Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n'Ubuvuzi

Uburwayi bwo kwigomeka no kwigomeka (ODD) ni uburwayi bw’imyitwarire aho abana n’abangavu bagaragaza imyifatire ihoraho yo kwigomeka, kwangisha, no kutumvira abayobozi. Ibi birenze ubugome busanzwe bw’abana cyangwa ubugambanyi bw’abangavu.

Niba uhangayikishijwe n’imyitwarire y’umwana wawe, nturi wenyine. Ababyeyi benshi bibaza niba imyitwarire igoye ari ibyiciro bisanzwe by’iterambere cyangwa ibimenyetso by’ikintu gikenewe kwitabwaho. Gusobanukirwa ODD bishobora kugufasha kumenya igihe ubufasha bw’umwuga bushobora gufasha umuryango wawe.

Ni iki ari cyo Uburwayi bwo Kwigomeka no Kwigomeka?

ODD ni uburwayi bwo mu mutwe busanzwe buhita bugaragara mu bwana, mbere y’imyaka 8. Abana bafite ODD bahora bagaragaza umujinya, imimerere mibi n’imyitwarire yo kwigomeka, yo gutongana ihungabanya ubuzima bwa buri munsi mu rugo, ku ishuri, cyangwa mu bagenzi.

Itandukaniro nyamukuru hagati ya ODD n’ubugome busanzwe bw’abana ni uburemere, kenshi, n’igihe cy’iyi myitwarire. Nubwo abana bose bashobora kwigomeka rimwe na rimwe, abana bafite ODD bagaragaza iyi myifatire buri gihe byibuze amezi atandatu.

Ubu burwayi bugira ingaruka ku bana bagera kuri 1-11%, abahungu bakaba ari bo bahura nabyo kenshi kurusha abakobwa mu myaka mito. Ariko, icyuho hagati y’igitsina kigenda kigabanuka mu myaka y’ubwangavu.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by’Uburwayi bwo Kwigomeka no Kwigomeka?

Ibimenyetso bya ODD bigabanyijemo ibice bitatu by’ingenzi, kandi umwana wawe ntabwo akeneye kugaragaza ikimenyetso cyose kugira ngo agire ubu burwayi. Reka turebe icyo ushobora kubona mu buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi.

Umujinya n’imimerere mibi:

• Gutera uburakari cyangwa guhura n’ibibazo kenshi
• Kwihangana byoroshye n’abandi
• Kugaragaza umujinya n’uburakari buri gihe
• Kuguma mu mimerere mibi igihe kirekire

Gutongana no kwigomeka:

• Gutongana n’abakuze, cyane cyane ababyeyi n’abarimu
• Kwanka gukurikiza amategeko cyangwa ibisabwa
• Gukora ibintu nkana kugira ngo ubangamire abandi
• Kubabaza cyangwa guhangana n’ubuyobozi buri gihe

Ubugome:

• Gushaka kwihimura iyo ubabaye
• Kuba umugome cyangwa umunyabugome byibuze kabiri mu mezi atandatu
• Kugira inzika igihe kirekire

Iyi myitwarire iba kenshi kandi ikomeye kurusha ibyo wateganyaga ku myaka y’umwana wawe n’urwego rwe rw’iterambere. Nanone biteza ibibazo nyakuri mu mibanire n’imikorere ya buri munsi, ibintu bitandukanya ODD n’ibibazo bisanzwe by’abana.

Ni iki giteza Uburwayi bwo Kwigomeka no Kwigomeka?

Nta kintu kimwe giteza ODD, ahubwo ni uruhererekane rw’ibintu bishobora gutera iterambere ryayo. Gusobanukirwa ibi bishobora kugufasha kumva udashinjwa kandi ufite imbaraga zo gushaka ubufasha bukwiye.

Ibintu bya Biyoloji:

• Uburwayi bwa génétique n’amateka y’umuryango w’uburwayi bwo mu mutwe
• Ubutandukani mu byiyumvo by’ubwonko bigira ingaruka ku kugenzura imimerere
• Imimerere y’imyitwarire iboneka kuva mu bwana
• Uburwayi bwo kutagira ubushobozi bwo kwibanda (ADHD) cyangwa ubumuga bwo kwiga

Ibintu by’Ibidukikije:

• Uburyo bwo kurera budahwitse cyangwa bukabije
• Umujinya w’umuryango, amakimbirane, cyangwa kudahwitse
• Ibibazo by’ubugizi bwa nabi cyangwa ihohoterwa
• Kubura uburere bwiza bw’abakuze
• Kuhura n’ihohoterwa cyangwa ikoreshwa ry’ibiyobyabwenge

Ibintu by’imibanire:

• Kwirukanwa n’abagenzi cyangwa ibibazo by’imibanire
• Ibibazo by’ishuri cyangwa ibibazo by’ishuri
• Ubukene cyangwa ibibazo by’ubukungu
• Ibintu by’umuco cyangwa by’akarere

Ni ngombwa kumenya ko kugira ibi bibazo ntibihamya ko umwana azagira ODD. Abana benshi bahura n’ibibazo batagira ubu burwayi, kandi ubufasha bwiza bushobora kugira itandukaniro rikomeye.

Ni ryari ukwiye kubona muganga kubera Uburwayi bwo Kwigomeka no Kwigomeka?

Wagombye gutekereza gushaka ubufasha bw’umwuga iyo imyitwarire y’umwana wawe ikomeza amezi atandatu cyangwa arenga kandi igira ingaruka ku buzima bwe bwa buri munsi. Ibi ntibijyanye n’iminsi mibi ya hato na hato cyangwa ibyiciro bisanzwe by’iterambere.

Tegura gahunda yo kubonana na muganga niba ubona iyi myitwarire igira ingaruka ku bice byinshi by’ubuzima bw’umwana wawe. Ibibazo mu rugo, ibibazo by’ishuri, ibibazo by’ubucuti, cyangwa umujinya w’umuryango usa n’ukomeye ni impamvu zose zikwiye gushaka ubufasha.

Gira icyizere icyemezo cyawe nk’umubyeyi. Niba wumva wagerageje uburyo butandukanye kandi nta kintu kigufasha, cyangwa niba imyitwarire ikomeza kuba mibi uko iminsi igenda, ubuyobozi bw’umwuga bushobora gutanga ingamba nshya n’ubufasha ku muryango wawe wose.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago byo kugira Uburwayi bwo Kwigomeka no Kwigomeka?

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera amahirwe yo kugira ODD, nubwo kugira ibi bibazo ntibisobanura ko umwana wawe azagira icyo burwayi. Kubyumva bishobora kugufasha kumenya igihe ubufasha bwiyongereye bushobora kuba ingirakamaro.

Ibintu by’Ibyago Bifitanye Isano n’Umwana:

• Kugira ADHD, imihangayiko, cyangwa uburwayi bwo mu mutwe
• Ibibazo byo gutunganya ururimi cyangwa ibibazo byo kwiga
• Kuzalirwa imburagihe cyangwa kugira ibibazo by’ubuzima mu ntangiriro
• Imimerere ikomeye cyangwa yoroheje kuva mu bwana

Ibintu by’Ibyago Bifitanye Isano n’Umuryango:

• Amateka y’umuryango w’uburwayi bwo mu mutwe
• Uburyo bwo kurera budahwitse cyangwa butandukanye
• Umujinya mwinshi w’umuryango cyangwa umuvuduko
• Ikoreshwa ry’ibiyobyabwenge n’ababyeyi cyangwa ibibazo by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe
• Ubukene cyangwa kwimuka kenshi kw’umuryango

Ibintu by’Ibyago by’Imibanire n’Ibidukikije:

• Kuhura n’ihohoterwa cyangwa kudahwitse mu muryango
• Kubura urugero rwiza rw’abakuze
• Ibidukikije bibi by’ishuri cyangwa guhindura amashuri kenshi
• Kwirukanwa n’abagenzi cyangwa guhohoterwa

Wibuke ko abana benshi bafite ibi bibazo batagira ODD, kandi kugira imibanire ishyigikira n’ingamba bishobora kugabanya cyane ingaruka z’ibi bintu ku iterambere ry’umwana wawe.

Ni ibihe bibazo bishoboka bya Uburwayi bwo Kwigomeka no Kwigomeka?

Utabonye ubufasha n’ubuvuzi bukwiye, ODD ishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye kurushaho uko umwana wawe akura. Gusobanukirwa ibi bibazo bishoboka bishobora gufasha gutera imbaraga gutabara hakiri kare no kwitaho neza.

Ibibazo Bifitanye Isano n’Ishuri:

• Ibisubizo bibi by’ishuri nubwo afite ubushobozi buhagije
• Guhagarikwa cyangwa kwirukanwa kenshi
• Gukorana nabi n’abarimu
• Kwanka kujya ku ishuri cyangwa gusiba amashuri

Ibibazo by’Imibanire n’Ubucuti:

• Gukorana nabi n’abagenzi
• Umujinya mu muryango n’amakimbirane
• Kwirukanwa n’abagenzi cyangwa kwikurura
• Ibibazo n’abayobozi mu bice bitandukanye

Ibibazo by’Ubuzima bwo mu Mutwe:

• Iterambere ry’uburwayi bw’imyitwarire mibi mu bimwe mu bihe
• Ibyago byiyongereye byo kugira imihangayiko cyangwa kwiheba
• Ikoreshwa ry’ibiyobyabwenge mu bwangavu cyangwa mu bukuru
• Ibibazo by’ikizere cy’umuntu ubwe

Ibibazo bitoroshye ariko bikomeye by’igihe kirekire:

• Uburwayi bwo kutubahiriza amategeko mu bukuru
• Ibibazo by’amategeko cyangwa gufatwa n’inzego z’umutekano
• Gukorana nabi mu kazi cyangwa mu mibanire
• Ibyago byiyongereye byo kugira ibitekerezo byo kwiyahura cyangwa imyitwarire

Inkuru nziza ni uko, ubufasha n’ubuvuzi bukwiye, ibibazo byinshi bishobora kwirindwa cyangwa kugabanuka. Gutabara hakiri kare kenshi bigira ingaruka nziza cyane ku bana n’imiryango.

Uburwayi bwo Kwigomeka no Kwigomeka bumenyekana gute?

Nta kizami kimwe cyo gupima ODD, bityo kuvura bikubiyemo isuzuma rirambuye ryakozwe n’umuhanga mu buzima bwo mu mutwe cyangwa umuganga w’abana. Uburyo busanzwe burimo gukusanya amakuru aturuka ku nkomoko nyinshi ku myitwarire y’umwana wawe.

Muganga w’umwana wawe azashaka kumva ibyo uvuga, umwana wawe, n’abarimu be ku myitwarire igaragaye mu bihe bitandukanye. Bazabaza ku kenshi, uburemere, n’igihe cy’imyitwarire yo kwigomeka, ndetse n’uburyo bigira ingaruka ku mikorere ya buri munsi.

Uburyo bwo gusuzuma bushobora kuba harimo ibizamini byo mu mutwe, ikiganiro, n’ibipimo by’imyitwarire. Muganga wawe azashaka kandi gukuraho ubundi burwayi bushobora gutera imyitwarire isa, nka ADHD, uburwayi bwo guhangayika, cyangwa ubumuga bwo kwiga.

Ubu buryo burambuye bufasha guhamya uburwayi neza no gutegura uburyo bukwiye bwo kuvura. Uburyo bushobora kumara igihe, ariko bugenewe guha umwana wawe ubufasha bwiza cyane bujyanye n’ibyo akeneye.

Ni iki ari cyo kivura Uburwayi bwo Kwigomeka no Kwigomeka?

Kuvura ODD bisanzwe bikubiyemo uburyo butandukanye bwibanda ku gufasha umwana wawe kwiga uburyo bwiza bwo gucunga amarangamutima no kuganira n’abandi. Inkuru nziza ni uko, ubufasha buhoraho, abana benshi bagaragaza iterambere rikomeye.

Uburyo bwo kuvura imyitwarire:

• Gahunda zo guhugura ababyeyi kugira ngo bigire uburyo bwiza bwo guhana
• Ubuvuzi bwite ku mwana wawe kugira ngo agire ubushobozi bwo guhangana
• Ubuvuzi bw’umuryango kugira ngo hakorwe neza mu mibanire
• Ubuhanga mu mibanire kugira ngo bifashe mu mibanire n’abagenzi

Ingamba zishingiye ku Ishuri:

• Gahunda zo gufasha imyitwarire n’ubuyobozi bw’ishuri buhoraho
• Itumanaho rihoraho hagati y’urugo n’ishuri
• Ubufasha mu mashuri niba hari ibibazo byo kwiga
• Serivisi z’ubujyanama mu ishuri

Ibitekerezo ku miti:

• Nta muti uvuza ODD ubwabyo
• Imiti ishobora gufasha niba umwana wawe afite ADHD, imihangayiko, cyangwa kwiheba
• Ibyemezo byose bijyanye n’imiti bigomba gufatwa neza na muganga wawe
• Ubuvuzi buguma ari bwo buryo nyamukuru bwo kuvura

Ubuvuzi bukora neza iyo buhoraho mu bice bitandukanye kandi iyo abakuze bose mu buzima bw’umwana wawe bakorana. Iterambere rikunze gufata igihe, bityo kwihangana no gukomeza ni ibintu by’ingenzi mu nzira yo gukira.

Uburyo bwo gucunga Uburwayi bwo Kwigomeka no Kwigomeka mu rugo?

Gucunga ODD mu rugo bikubiyemo gushyiraho imiterere, guhoraho, n’imibanire myiza mugihe ugenda wiga uburyo bushya bwo gusubiza imyitwarire igoye. Izi ngamba zishobora kugira itandukaniro rikomeye mu buzima bwa buri munsi bw’umuryango wawe.

Gushyiraho ibidukikije byo gushyigikira:

• Shyiraho amategeko n’ibiteganywa byumvikana kandi bihoraho
• Tegura gahunda ya buri munsi n’imiterere
• Shyiraho ahantu heza kandi hateguye
• Kugabanya akajagari n’ibintu byinshi bishobora kubangamira

Ingamba zo kurera neza:

• Fata umwana wawe akora neza kandi ushimire imyitwarire runaka
• Tanga amahitamo iyo bishoboka kugira ngo ugabanye amakimbirane
• Koresha ingaruka zisanzwe aho guhana
• Gutuza mu gihe cy’amakimbirane no kugaragaza imyitwarire ikwiye
• Gukorana igihe cyiza hamwe buri gihe

Guhangana n’ibibazo bikomeye:

• Hitamo ibibazo kandi wibande ku bibazo by’ingenzi
• Tanga umwanya wo kubanza kubikora
• Koresha igihe cyo gutekereza cyangwa gufata ikiruhuko iyo amarangamutima ari menshi
• Kwirinda gutongana cyangwa kwinjira mu makimbirane
• Komeza guhoraho mu bihano

Wibuke kwita kuri we ubwawe. Kurera umwana ufite ODD bishobora kunanira, kandi ukeneye ubufasha n’ikiruhuko kugira ngo ube umuntu mwiza ku muryango wawe.

Uburwayi bwo Kwigomeka no Kwigomeka burindwa gute?

Nubwo udashobora gukumira ODD burundu, cyane cyane iyo hari ibintu bya génétique, hari ibintu byinshi ushobora gukora kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago kandi uteze imbere iterambere ry’umwana wawe.

Kubaka imibanire hakiri kare:

• Kubaka imibanire myiza n’umwana wawe kuva mu bwana
• Gusubiza ibyo umwana wawe akeneye n’amarangamutima ye
• Gukoresha uburyo bwiza bwo guhana kuva mu ntangiriro
• Gushaka ubufasha ku buzima bwawe bwite n’umuvuduko wo kurera

Gushyiraho ibintu birinda:

• Komeza amategeko n’ibiteganywa bihoraho kandi bikwiye
• Teza imbere inyungu n’imbaraga z’umwana wawe
• Kubaka ubucuti n’abandi bantu bashyigikira
• Kwita ku bibazo byo kwiga cyangwa ADHD hakiri kare
• Kugabanya guhura n’ihohoterwa n’amakimbirane mu muryango

Ubufasha bw’akarere n’imibanire:

• Kuganira n’abandi babyeyi n’imiryango ishyigikira
• Guhitamo amashuri n’ibikorwa bijyanye n’ibyo umwana wawe akeneye
• Gushaka ubufasha hakiri kare iyo ibibazo by’imyitwarire bitangira
• Komeza gusuzuma ubuzima n’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe buhoraho

Kwivura ni ukurema ibidukikije byiza byo gutera imbere, bifitiye akamaro abana bose baba bafite ibyago bya ODD cyangwa batabifite.

Uko wakwitegura gahunda yawe yo kubonana na muganga?

Kwitunganya mbere yo kubonana na muganga bishobora kugufasha gukoresha neza igihe cyawe n’umukozi w’ubuzima kandi bikwizeza ko uzabona amakuru n’ubufasha ukeneye ku mwana wawe.

Amakuru yo gukusanya mbere yo gusura:

• Andika ibimenyetso byihariye by’imyitwarire itera impungenge
• Kora inyandiko y’igihe imyitwarire iba n’icyo gishobora kuyiteza
• Kora inyandiko y’ukuntu iyi myitwarire iba kenshi
• Andika amateka y’umuryango w’uburwayi bwo mu mutwe
• Kora inyandiko y’ibyavuye mu ishuri cyangwa ibitekerezo by’abarimu

Ibibazo byo kubabaza muganga wawe:

• Ni iki gishobora gutera imyitwarire y’umwana wanjye?
• Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura buhari?
• Ni gute nashobora gufasha umwana wanjye mu rugo?
• Ni iki nakwiye kubwira ishuri ry’umwana wanjye?
• Ni gute tuzabimenya niba ubuvuzi bukora?
• Ni ibihe bikoresho biriho ku muryango wacu?

Icyo wakwizana:

• Inyandiko y’imiti cyangwa ibindi bintu ukoresha
• Amakuru y’ubwisungane n’irangamuntu
• Amateka y’ubuzima bw’umwana wawe
• Ibyavuye mu isuzuma ryabanje
• Inyandiko y’ibibazo byawe by’ingenzi

Ntukabe ikigwari cyo guharanira umwana wawe no gusaba ibisobanuro niba utumva ikintu. Iki ni cyo gihe cyawe cyo kubona ubufasha umuryango wawe ukeneye.

Ni iki ari cyo kintu cy’ingenzi kuri Uburwayi bwo Kwigomeka no Kwigomeka?

ODD ni uburwayi nyakuri bwo mu mutwe burenze ubugome busanzwe bw’abana, ariko kandi buravurwa cyane ubufasha n’ingamba bikwiye. Niba uhangayikishijwe n’imyitwarire y’umwana wawe, gushaka ubufasha bw’umwuga ni ikimenyetso cyo kurera neza, atari ukunanirwa.

Ikintu cy’ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko abana bafite ODD bashobora kwiga uburyo bwiza bwo gucunga amarangamutima n’imyitwarire yabo bafashijwe, bavuwe neza, kandi bumvikana n’abakuze mu buzima bwabo.

Gutabara hakiri kare kenshi bigira ingaruka nziza, bityo ntuzategereze niba uhangayikishijwe. Ubufasha bukwiye, abana benshi bafite ODD bakomeza kugira imibanire myiza, intsinzi mu mashuri, n’ubuzima buhamye. Urukundo rwawe, kwihangana, n’ubwitange bwo gushaka ubufasha bigira itandukaniro rikomeye mu nzira y’umwana wawe yerekeza ku buzima bwiza bwo mu mutwe.

Ibibazo byakenshi bibazwa kuri Uburwayi bwo Kwigomeka no Kwigomeka

Q1: Ese umwana wanjye azakira Uburwayi bwo Kwigomeka no Kwigomeka?

Abana benshi barakira cyane ubufasha n’ubuvuzi bukwiye, nubwo ibi bitandukanye ku mwana ku wundi. Bamwe mu bana bashobora gukomeza kugira ibibazo mu bwangavu no mu bukuru, abandi bakiga uburyo bwiza bwo guhangana kandi bagaragaza ibimenyetso byabo bigabanuka uko iminsi igenda. Gutabara hakiri kare no kuvurwa buhoraho byongera cyane amahirwe yo kugira ingaruka nziza.

Q2: Ese Uburwayi bwo Kwigomeka no Kwigomeka buterwa no kurera nabi?

Oya, ODD ntiterwa no kurera nabi. Nubwo imibanire y’umuryango ishobora kugira ingaruka ku myitwarire, ODD iterwa n’urusobe rw’ibintu bya génétique, bya biyoloji, n’iby’ibidukikije. Ababyeyi benshi beza bafite abana bafite ODD, kandi kwishinja ntabwo bizafasha umwana wawe. Ahubwo, wibande ku kwiga ingamba zikwiye no kubona ubufasha bukwiye.

Q3: Ese abana bafite ODD bashobora kugira intsinzi mu mashuri asanzwe?

Yego, abana benshi bafite ODD bashobora kugira intsinzi mu mashuri asanzwe bafashijwe kandi bafite ubufasha bukwiye. Ibi bishobora kuba harimo gahunda zo gufasha imyitwarire, serivisi z’ubujyanama, ibyiringiro bihindutse, cyangwa itumanaho ryinshi hagati y’urugo n’ishuri. Bamwe mu bana bashobora kungukirwa n’amatsinda mato cyangwa gahunda zihariye, ariko benshi bakora neza mu matsinda asanzwe bafashijwe neza.

Q4: Ni gute ODD itandukaniye n’ubugambanyi busanzwe bw’abangavu?

Ubugambanyi busanzwe bw’abangavu busanzwe bugira ingaruka ku bihe bimwe gusa kandi ntibugira ingaruka ku bice byose by’ubuzima. ODD ikubiyemo imyifatire ihoraho yo kwigomeka iba mu bice bitandukanye kandi ihungabanya cyane imibanire, umusaruro w’ishuri, n’imikorere ya buri munsi. Imyitwarire kandi iba ikomeye kandi iba kenshi kurusha ibibazo bisanzwe by’abangavu.

Q5: Ni iki nakora niba umwana wanjye ufite ODD agize ibibazo ku ishuri?

Korana n’abakozi b’ishuri kugira ngo mumenye icyabaye kandi mutegure gahunda yo kwirinda ibyabaye. Wibuke gukemura ibibazo aho guhana gusa. Menyesha ishuri ko umwana wawe arwaye kandi afite ingamba zo gufasha. Tekereza niba hari serivisi cyangwa ubufasha bwiyongereye bushobora kuba ngombwa kugira ngo umwana wawe agire intsinzi mu mashuri no mu mibanire.