Optic Neuritis ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n'Uko Ivurwa

Optic neuritis ni ububabare bw'umutsi w'amaso, umugozi utwara amakuru y'ibishushanyo kuva mu jisho ryawe ujya mu bwonko. Tekereza ko ari nk'uburyo bubangamira uburyo amakuru agenda neza hagati y'ijisho ryawe n'ubwonko, bikunze gutera impinduka z'ububasha bw'amaso mu jisho rimwe.

Iyi ndwara ikunda kugaragara ku bantu bakuze bari hagati y'imyaka 20 na 40, abagore bakaba bayirwara cyane kurusha abagabo. Nubwo gutangira kw'iyi ndwara bitunguranye bishobora gutera ubwoba, abantu benshi bagarura ubushobozi bw'amaso mu byumweru cyangwa amezi make, babonye ubufasha n'ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Ibimenyetso bya Optic Neuritis ni ibihe?

Ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi ni ugutakaza ubushobozi bw'amaso bigenda buhoro buhoro mu masaha cyangwa iminsi, bikunze kugaragara mu jisho rimwe. Ushobora kubona ko ubushobozi bwawe bw'amaso buhinduka, bugahora buhumana, cyangwa nk'aho ureba mu kirahuri gifite urubura.

Reka turebe ibimenyetso ushobora kugira, tuzirikana ko uburambe bwa buri wese bushobora gutandukana gato:

• Gutakaza ubushobozi bw'amaso cyangwa guhumana mu jisho rimwe (bihora bibaho mu maso yombi)
• Kubabara mu jisho cyangwa inyuma yaryo, cyane cyane iyo uri kugerageza kurikora
• Ibara rigaragara nk'iryahumanye cyangwa ritari ryiza nk'uko bisanzwe
• Umucyo ugaragara cyangwa ibindi bimenyetso bidasanzwe by'amaso
• Igice cy'amaso kitabona mu gice cy'amaso
• Kugorana kubona mu mwijima
• Gutakaza ubushobozi bw'amaso by'igihe gito iyo ubushyuhe bw'umubiri bwiyongereye (nko nyuma yo gukora imyitozo cyangwa nyuma yo koga mu mazi ashyushye)

Kubabara mu jisho bikunze kuza mbere, hanyuma impinduka z'ububasha bw'amaso zikazagaruka mu munsi umwe cyangwa ibiri. Iyi mibabaro isanzwe iba nk'ububabare bukomeye buzamuka iyo ugerageza kuzimura amaso yawe ugana iburyo n'ibumoso.

Ni iki gitera Optic Neuritis?

Optic neuritis ibaho iyo ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bugabye igitero ku gice gikikuje umutsi w'amaso. Icyo gice, kitwa myelin, gikora nk'insinga z'amashanyarazi, gifasha amakuru kugenda neza.

Ibintu byinshi bishobora gutera iyi réaction y'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, kandi kubyumva bishobora kugufasha kumererwa neza:

• Sclerose en plaques (MS) - impamvu nyamukuru
• Indwara ziterwa na virusi nka rubella, mumps, cyangwa herpes
• Indwara ziterwa na bagiteri harimo Lyme disease cyangwa syphilis
• Indwara ziterwa no kudahangana kw'umubiri nka lupus cyangwa sarcoïdose
• Imiti imwe cyangwa inkingo (bihora bibaho)
• Neuromyelite optique, indwara isa na MS
• Rimwe na rimwe nta mpamvu isobanutse iboneka

Ni ngombwa kumenya ko kugira optic neuritis ntibivuze ko ufite MS. Abantu benshi bagira ibibazo by'igihe gito bidatuma bagira izindi ndwara z'imitekerereze.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga ufite Optic Neuritis?

Ukwiye kuvugana na muganga wawe ako kanya iyo utakaza ubushobozi bw'amaso cyangwa ubushobozi bw'amaso buhinduka mu jisho rimwe cyangwa mu maso yombi. Nubwo optic neuritis atari indwara ikomeye, gusuzuma hakiri kare bifasha mu kuvura neza no gukumira izindi ndwara zikomeye.

Shaka ubufasha bwihuse bw'abaganga iyo ubona gutakaza ubushobozi bw'amaso bifatanije n'ububabare bukomeye bw'umutwe, umuriro, cyangwa intege nke mu bindi bice by'umubiri. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kugaragaza izindi ndwara zikeneye kuvurwa vuba.

Ntugatege amatwi ngo urebe niba ibimenyetso bizagenda ubwabyo. Kuvurwa hakiri kare bishobora gufasha mu gusubiza ubushobozi bw'amaso vuba kandi bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo gutakaza ubushobozi bw'amaso burundu.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago byo kurwara Optic Neuritis?

Ibintu bimwe na bimwe byongera ibyago byo kurwara optic neuritis, nubwo kugira ibi bintu ntibivuze ko uzayirwara. Kubyumva bigufasha kumenya amakuru y'ubuzima bwawe.

Dore ibintu by'ingenzi byongera ibyago:

• Kuba umugore (abagore barwara inshuro 3-5 kurusha abagabo)
• Kuba uri hagati y'imyaka 20-40
• Kugira amateka y'umuryango wa sclerose en plaques
• Kuba utuye mu turere dufite ikirere gishyushye
• Kuba ufite inkomoko y'i Burayi y'Amajyaruguru
• Kugira ibimenyetso bya génétique (HLA-DRB1 na HLA-DQB1)
• Indwara za virusi, cyane cyane Epstein-Barr virus
• Kunywesha itabi
• Kugira Vitamine D nke

Nubwo udashobora guhindura ibintu nko gusaza cyangwa ibintu bya génétique, kugira ubuzima bwiza binyuze mu mirire myiza no kwirinda kunywesha itabi bishobora kugabanya ibyago.

Ni ibihe bintu bishobora kuba ingaruka mbi za Optic Neuritis?

Abantu benshi barakira neza optic neuritis, ariko ni byiza guhangayika ku ngaruka z'igihe kirekire. Reka nkubwire ibyashoboka, harimo ibya kenshi n'ibidahagaragara.

Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara harimo:

• Gutakaza ubushobozi bw'amaso burundu, nubwo ari buke
• Kugabanuka kw'ubushobozi bwo kubona ibara, cyane cyane itandukaniro ry'umutuku n'icyatsi
• Kugabanuka kw'ubushobozi bwo kubona mu mwijima
• Ibibazo by'amaso (ibice bitabona mu maso)
• Kurwara sclerose en plaques (15-20% mu myaka 10)
• Optic nerve atrophy (kugabanuka kw'umutsi w'amaso)

Ingaruka mbi nke ariko zikomeye zishobora kuba harimo gutakaza ubushobozi bw'amaso burundu cyangwa kongera kurwara mu jisho rimwe cyangwa mu yandi. Ariko, ibi bibaho ku bice bike by'abantu barwaye optic neuritis.

Inkuru nziza ni uko abantu benshi bagumana ubushobozi bw'amaso nubwo hari impinduka nke zisigaye. Ubwenge bwawe bukunze kwihanganira impinduka nke z'amaso.

Optic Neuritis imenyekanwa gute?

Muganga wawe azatangira akuzuza isuzuma ry'amaso n'amateka yawe y'ubuzima kugira ngo yumve ibimenyetso byawe. Ubu buryo bufasha mu gukumira izindi ndwara no kwemeza uburwayi.

Uburyo bwo gusuzuma busanzwe burimo intambwe nyinshi. Ubwa mbere, muganga wawe azapima ubushobozi bwawe bw'amaso, uburyo ubona ibara, n'uburyo ubona mu maso. Azareba inyuma y'ijisho ryawe akoresheje umucyo wihariye kugira ngo arebe umutsi w'amaso.

Ibisuzumwa by'inyongera bishobora kuba harimo MRI scan y'ubwonko n'amaso kugira ngo harebwe ububabare no kureba ibimenyetso bya sclerose en plaques. Ibizamini by'amaraso bishobora gufasha mu kumenya indwara ziterwa na virusi cyangwa izindi ndwara.

Rimwe na rimwe muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gukora ikizamini cya visual evoked potential, gipima uburyo ubwonko bwawe busubiza vuba ibishushanyo. Iki kizamini gishobora kumenya ubwonko bw'umutsi nubwo ubushobozi bw'amaso bugaragarira nk'ubusanzwe.

Uko Optic Neuritis ivurwa

Ubuvuzi bugamije kugabanya ububabare no kwihutisha gukira. Ubuvuzi nyamukuru ni corticosteroids, imiti ikomeye igabanya ububabare ifasha mu gutuza igitero cy'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri ku mutsi w'amaso.

Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gufata corticosteroids mu mutsi (IV) mu minsi itatu cyangwa itanu, hanyuma ukabona izindi corticosteroids uzajya ufata mu kanwa mu byumweru bike. Ubu buryo busanzwe bufasha mu gusubiza ubushobozi bw'amaso vuba kurusha gutegereza gukira kw'umubiri.

Niba corticosteroids bitagufashije cyangwa utabasha kubifata, muganga wawe ashobora gutekereza kuri plasma exchange therapy. Ubu buvuzi butoza amaraso yawe kugira ngo bukureho antibodies zishobora kugira ingaruka mbi, nubwo ari ubuvuzi bukoreshwa mu bihe bikomeye.

Ku bantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara sclerose en plaques, muganga wawe ashobora kukuganiraho ku buvuzi buhindura indwara. Iyi miti ifasha mu gukumira ibibazo by'igihe kizaza no kugabanya iterambere rya MS.

Uko wakwitwara iwawe ufite Optic Neuritis

Nubwo ubuvuzi bukomeye ari ngombwa, hari uburyo bwo kwivura iwawe bushobora kugufasha kumva neza no kurinda amaso yawe mu gihe cyo gukira. Ubu buryo bukorana n'uburyo bwawe bwo kuvurwa.

Reka amaso yawe iyo yumva afite umunaniro, kandi ukoreshe umucyo mwiza iyo usoma cyangwa ukora imirimo isaba amaso.

Koresha ibintu byakonje ku jisho ryawe iyo ryababaye cyangwa ryibabaye. Fata imiti igabanya ububabare nka ibuprofen cyangwa acetaminophen kubabara mu jisho, ukurikije amabwiriza.

Niba ukeneye amazi menshi kandi ubone ibitotsi bihagije kugira ngo umubiri wawe ukire. Irinde gushyuha cyane, kuko ubushyuhe bw'umubiri bushobora kongera gutakaza ubushobozi bw'amaso mu bantu bamwe.

Uko wakwitegura kujya kwa muganga

Kwitunganya kujya kwa muganga bifasha mu kubona ubuvuzi bukwiye. Kugeza amakuru akenewe bigabanya igihe kandi bifasha muganga wawe kumva neza ibibazo byawe.

Andika igihe ibimenyetso byawe byatangiye, uburyo byahindutse, n'ibyabyongera cyangwa ibyabigabanya. Bandika indwara, inkingo, cyangwa imiti mishya wafashe mu byumweru bishize.

Zana urutonde rw'imiti yose ufashe, harimo n'imiti y'inyongera n'imiti yo kwivura. Nanone, komeza amakuru y'amateka y'ubuzima bw'umuryango wawe, cyane cyane indwara z'imitekerereze.

Tegura ibibazo ku bijyanye n'uburwayi bwawe, uburyo bwo kuvura, n'ibyo witeze mu gihe cyo gukira. Tekereza kuzana umuntu wo mu muryango wawe cyangwa inshuti izagufasha kwibuka amakuru akomeye yavuzwe mu gihe cy'isuzumwa.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya kuri Optic Neuritis

Optic neuritis ishobora gutera ubwoba iyo itangiye, ariko abantu benshi bagarura ubushobozi bw'amaso babonye ubuvuzi bukwiye. Nubwo hari impinduka nke zishobora kugumaho, abantu benshi bagaruka mu buzima busanzwe mu byumweru cyangwa amezi make.

Kuvurwa hakiri kare bifasha mu kwihutisha gukira kandi bishobora gufasha mu kubungabunga ubushobozi bw'amaso. Nubwo waba ufite impinduka zimwe na zimwe, ubwenge bwawe bukunze kwihanganira impinduka nke, kandi ibi bintu ntibikunze kubangamira imirimo ya buri munsi.

Ibuka ko kugira optic neuritis ntibivuze ko uzahita urwara sclerose en plaques cyangwa izindi ndwara zikomeye. Abantu benshi bagira ibibazo by'igihe gito bidakomeza cyangwa bidatuma bagira izindi ndwara z'imitekerereze.

Ibibazo byakunda kubazwa kuri Optic Neuritis

Ubushobozi bwanjye bw'amaso buzasubira uko bwari bumeze?

Abantu benshi bagaruka ubushobozi bw'amaso mu mezi atatu, benshi bagaruka ku bushobozi bw'amaso busanzwe. Abantu bagera kuri 95% bagaruka ubushobozi bw'amaso, nubwo bamwe bashobora kubona impinduka nke mu kubona ibara cyangwa mu kubona mu mwijima. Ubwenge bwawe bukunze kwihanganira impinduka nke, bituma zidagaragara cyane uko iminsi igenda ishira.

Ese Optic Neuritis ihora ivuga ko mfite sclerose en plaques?

Oya, optic neuritis ntivuga ko ufite sclerose en plaques. Nubwo MS ari yo mpamvu nyamukuru, abantu benshi bagira ibibazo by'igihe gito batarwara MS. Ibyago byawe biterwa n'ibintu nko kubona ibimenyetso kuri MRI n'amateka y'umuryango. Abantu bagera kuri 15-20% barwaye optic neuritis barwara MS mu myaka 10.

Ese Optic Neuritis ishobora kuba mu maso yombi icyarimwe?

Optic neuritis ikunda kugaragara mu jisho rimwe, cyane cyane ku bakuze. Iyo amaso yombi arimo icyarimwe, abaganga bareba izindi ndwara nka neuromyelite optique cyangwa izindi ndwara. Optic neuritis mu maso yombi ikunze kugaragara ku bana kandi ishobora kugaragaza impamvu itandukanye n'iy'abantu bakuze.

Birama igihe kingana iki gukira Optic Neuritis?

Impinduka nyinshi z'amaso ziba mu mezi atatu ya mbere, impinduka nyinshi ziba mu byumweru bine cyangwa bitandatu. Abantu bamwe babona impinduka mu minsi mike batangiye gufata corticosteroids. Ariko, gukira burundu bishobora gufata umwaka umwe, kandi impinduka nke zishobora kugumaho.

Ngahagarika imyitozo ngororamubiri mu gihe cyo gukira Optic Neuritis?

Ntugomba guhagarika imyitozo ngororamubiri yose, ariko imyitozo ikomeye izamura ubushyuhe bw'umubiri ishobora kongera gutakaza ubushobozi bw'amaso by'igihe gito. Tangira imyitozo yoroheje hanyuma uzamuke uko wumva wishimye. Tega amatwi umubiri wawe kandi uruhuke iyo amaso yawe yumva afite umunaniro cyangwa ububabare.