Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis itera amagufa akaba afite intege nke kandi akoroha — ku buryo bukomeye ku buryo kugwa cyangwa ibindi bintu bito byoroshye nko kwikubita cyangwa gukorora bishobora gutera kuvunika. Uvunika bufite aho buhuriye na osteoporosis akenshi buba ku kibuno, ku kuboko cyangwa ku mugongo.

Igufwa ni umubiri muzima uhora usenya kandi ugasimbuzwa. Osteoporosis ibaho iyo gukora igurafa rishya bidakurikirana igihombo cy'igufwa rishaje.

Osteoporosis irashisha abagabo n'abagore b'amoko yose. Ariko abagore b'abazungu n'ab'abasia, cyane cyane abagore bakuze bamaze guca akarenge, bari mu kaga gakomeye. Imiti, indyo yuzuye, n'imyitozo ngororamubiri ifasha mu gukumira igihombo cy'amagufa cyangwa gukomeza amagufa asanzwe afite intege nke.

Ubusanzwe nta bimenyetso biba biriho mu ntangiriro z’igabanuka ry’amagufa. Ariko iyo amagufa yawe amaze kugenda ashira kubera osteoporosis, ushobora kugira ibimenyetso birimo: ububabare bw’umugongo, buterwa n’igufu cyangwa igisate cy’igufu mu mugongo. Igabanuka ry’uburebure uko igihe kigenda. Imyanya y’umubiri igoramye. Igufwa rimenetse byoroshye kurusha ibyari biteganyijwe. Ushobora kwifuza kuvugana n’abaganga bawe ku bijyanye na osteoporosis niba wanyuze mu gihe cy’imihango ya mbere cyangwa ukaba waranyoye imiti ya corticosteroids igihe kinini, cyangwa niba umwe mu babyeyi bawe yigeze agira ibibazo by’imikaya.

Ushobora kwifuza kuvugana n'abaganga bawe ku kibazo cy'igicurane (osteoporosis) niba wanyuze mu mihindagurikire y'imihango hakiri kare cyangwa ufata imiti ya corticosteroids igihe kirekire, cyangwa niba umwe mu babyeyi bawe yigeze akomereka mu kibuno.

Mu mikroskopi, igufwa rizima rigaragara nk'urukuta rw'ubwenge (hejuru). Igufwa rifite osteoporosis (hepfo) rifite udukembe twinshi.

Amagufwa yawe aba ahora ashyushya — igufwa rishya rikorwa kandi iryakera rirasenyuka. Iyo uri muto, umubiri wawe ukora igufwa rishya vuba kurusha uko usenya iryakera kandi umubare w'amagufwa yawe wiyongera. Nyuma y'imyaka 20, uyu muvuduko uragabanuka, kandi abantu benshi bagera ku mubare wabo w'amagufwa mu myaka 30. Uko abantu bakura, umubare w'amagufwa utakara vuba kurusha uko ukorwa.

Uko bishoboka ko uzagira osteoporosis biterwa ahanini n'umubare w'amagufwa wabonye mu bwana bwawe. Umubare w'amagufwa ugeraho ni ikintu wagombye guhabwa, kandi uhinduka bitewe n'ubwoko bw'abantu. Uko umubare w'amagufwa yawe uri hejuru, ni ko ufite amagufwa menshi "muri banki" kandi ni ko bigoye ko uzagira osteoporosis uko ugenda ukura.

Hari nyinshi zishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara osteoporosis — harimo imyaka yawe, ubwoko bwawe, imibereho yawe, n'ibibazo by'ubuzima n'ubuvuzi.

Bimwe mu bintu bishobora gutera osteoporosis ntabwo ubyitwaramo, birimo:

• Ibitsina byawe. Abagore bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara osteoporosis kurusha abagabo.
• Imyaka. Uko ugenda ukura, ibyago byo kurwara osteoporosis birushaho kwiyongera.
• Ubwoko. Uri mu kaga cyane cyo kurwara osteoporosis niba uri umuzungu cyangwa ufite inkomoko yo muri Aziya.
• Amateka y'umuryango. Kugira umubyeyi cyangwa umuvandimwe warwaye osteoporosis bigushyira mu kaga cyane, cyane cyane niba nyoko cyangwa se yahemukiye.
• Ubunini bw'umubiri. Abagabo n'abagore bafite imiterere mito ya umubiri bafite ibyago byinshi kuko bashobora kuba bafite umusatsi muke w'amagufa uko bakura.

Osteoporosis igaragara cyane mu bantu bafite imisemburo myinshi cyangwa mike mu mubiri wabo. Ingero zirimo:

• Imisemburo y'igitsina. Kugabanuka kw'imisemburo y'igitsina bigabanya imbaraga z'amagufa. Kugabanuka kw'imisemburo ya estrogen mu bagore mu gihe cyo gucura ni kimwe mu bintu bikomeye bishobora gutera osteoporosis. Ubuvuzi bwo kuvura kanseri ya prostate bugabanya urwego rwa testosterone mu bagabo n'ubuvuzi bwo kuvura kanseri ya nyababyeyi bugabanya urwego rwa estrogen mu bagore bishobora kwihutisha gutakaza amagufa.
• Ibibazo by'umwijima. Imisemburo myinshi y'umwijima ishobora gutera gutakaza amagufa. Ibi bishobora kubaho niba umwijima wawe ukora cyane cyangwa niba ufashe imiti myinshi y'imisemburo y'umwijima mu kuvura umwijima udakora neza.
• Ibindi bihembo. Osteoporosis irasanzwe ifitanye isano no gukora cyane kwa parathyroid na adrenal glands.

Osteoporosis irashobora kubaho cyane mu bantu bafite:

• Ubuke bwa calcium. Kubura calcium mu gihe kirekire bigira uruhare mu iterambere rya osteoporosis. Ubuke bwa calcium butera kugabanuka kw'amagufa, gutakaza amagufa hakiri kare no kongera ibyago byo gukomereka.
• Indwara zifata ibiryo. Kugabanya cyane ibiryo no kugira ibiro bike bigabanya imbaraga z'amagufa mu bagabo n'abagore.
• Ubuvuzi bw'igifu. Ubuvuzi bwo kugabanya ubunini bw'igifu cyangwa gukuraho igice cy'amara bigabanya ubuso buhari bwo kunywa intungamubiri, harimo na calcium. Ibi bivuriro birimo ibyo kugufasha gutakaza ibiro n'ibindi bibazo by'igifu.

Ikoreshwa ry'igihe kirekire ry'imiti ya corticosteroid ifatwa mu kanwa cyangwa iterwa, nka prednisone na cortisone, bigira ingaruka ku buryo bwo kubaka amagufa. Osteoporosis irasanzwe ifitanye isano n'imiti ikoreshwa mu kurwanya cyangwa gukumira:

• Kugwa.
• Kugira acide mu gifu.
• Kanseri.
• Kwanga kwakira urugingo.

Ibyago byo kurwara osteoporosis biri hejuru mu bantu bafite ibibazo bimwe by'ubuzima, birimo:

• Indwara ya Celiac.
• Indwara y'amara.
• Indwara z'impyiko cyangwa umwijima.
• Kanseri.
• Myeloma nyinshi.
• Rheumatoid arthritis.

Imigenzo imwe mibi ishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara osteoporosis. Ingero zirimo:

• Ubuzima butameze neza. Abantu bamara igihe kinini bicaye bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara osteoporosis kurusha abantu bakora cyane. Imyitozo yose ikora ku magufa n'ibikorwa byongera umutekano n'imiterere myiza ni byiza ku magufa yawe, ariko kugenda, kwiruka, gusimbuka, kubyina no guhagarika ibiremereye bigaragara ko bifasha cyane.
• Kunywisha inzoga cyane. Kunywa inzoga zirenze ebyiri ku munsi buri gihe byongera ibyago byo kurwara osteoporosis.
• Kunywa itabi. Uruhare nyakuri itabi rigira kuri osteoporosis ntiruramenyekana, ariko byagaragaye ko kunywa itabi bigira uruhare mu gutakaza amagufa.

Amagufa akora umugongo, yitwa vertebrae, arashobora gushoberana kugeza aho apfukamira akagwa, ibyo bishobora gutera ububabare bw'umugongo, kugabanyuka k'uburebure n'imishitsi y'umugongo.

Amagufa yavunitse, cyane cyane mu mugongo cyangwa mu kibuno, ni bimwe mu bibazo bikomeye bya osteoporosis. Akenshi gucika kw'amagufa y'imibuno biterwa no kugwa, kandi bishobora gutera ubumuga ndetse no kongera ibyago byo gupfa mu mwaka wa mbere nyuma y'imvune.

Mu mubare w'ibintu, amagufa yavunitse mu mugongo ashobora kubaho nubwo utarashe. Amagufa akora umugongo, yitwa vertebrae, arashobora gushoberana kugeza aho agwa, ibyo bishobora gutera ububabare bw'umugongo, kugabanyuka k'uburebure n'imishitsi y'umugongo.

Nubwo hafi buri wese azatakaza amagufwa mu gihe cy'ubuzima bwe, hari intambwe nyinshi ushobora gufata kugira ngo ugume ufite amagufwa akomeye. Mu minota mike iri imbere, tuzasuzuma uburyo rusange ushobora kunoza ubuzima bw'amagufwa yawe. Ibi birimo gufata ibyemezo byiza kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kugwa. Gukoresha ubuhanga bwiza mugihe utwaye kugirango wirinde kuvunika umugongo. Kuguma ufite ibikorwa byo kwicara buri gihe nk'ugenda. Kandi wirinde guhabwa calcium na vitamine D ihagije. Uretse ibyo bintu by'ingenzi ushobora kugenzura, wowe n'abaganga bawe mushobora gufata umwanzuro w'uko ari byiza gufata imiti kugira ngo mugabanye ibyago byo kubura amagufwa no kuvunika. Iki kibazo n'ibindi bishobora kuganirwaho n'abaganga bawe uyu munsi mu gihe cy'inama yanyu. Ibuka, kugumana amagufwa yawe akomeye no gukumira kuvunika ni ibintu by'ingenzi kuri buri wese mukuru. Twizera ko amakuru uzareba mu minota mike iri imbere azagufasha kumva neza ubuzima bw'amagufwa yawe n'uburyo ushobora kwirinda kuvunika mu gihe kizaza. Osteopenia na osteoporosis akenshi nta kuribwa bigira kugeza ubwo igufwa rimenetse cyangwa rivuvutse. Ibyo bivunika bikunze kuba mu mugongo, mu kibuno, cyangwa mu kuboko, ariko bishobora kuba mu yandi magufwa. Utabonye ubuvuzi, abagabo n'abagore babura 1 kugeza kuri 3% by'ubunini bw'amagufwa buri mwaka nyuma y'imyaka 50. Uko imbaraga z'amagufwa cyangwa uburemere bigabanuka, abantu benshi bashobora kurwara osteoporosis cyangwa kuvunika. Osteoporosis ishobora gutera mu myaka myinshi. Uko ugenda ukura, ni ko ushobora kurwara osteoporosis. Kubura estrogen mu bagore kubera menopause, no kugabanuka kw'igipimo cya testosterone mu bagabo byongera kandi kubura amagufwa. Abagore bagize menopause hakiri kare cyangwa bafite amagi yabo yakuweho bakiri bato bafite ibyago byinshi byo kubura amagufwa. Imiti imwe, kunywa inzoga nyinshi, no kunywa itabi bishobora kongera ibyago byawe. Abantu bafashe imiti mibi ku magufwa, bafite hypogonadism, bafite urugingo, cyangwa bafite igikorwa cyo kugabanya ibiro, bafite ibyago byinshi byo kubura amagufwa vuba. Hariho ibindi bintu byinshi byongera ibyago bya osteoporosis, harimo amateka y'umuryango wa osteoporosis, bakomoka ku bazungu cyangwa Abayasiya, umubiri muto cyangwa indyo nke ya calcium cyangwa vitamine D. Kugira ngo ugire amagufwa akomeye kandi ukumire cyangwa ugabanye kubura amagufwa uko ugenda ukura, hari ibintu bibiri by'ingenzi byo kwibandaho, kugumana amagufwa yawe akomeye no gukumira kuvunika. Buri wese ashobora gufata ingamba zo gufasha kugumana amagufwa akomeye kandi ameze neza mu buzima bwose. Ushobora gutangira uyu munsi. Ibintu bitanu by'ingenzi byo kugumana amagufwa yawe akomeye ni ukugira ibikorwa cyangwa imyitozo ngororamubiri, kurya ibiryo bikungahaye kuri calcium, kubona vitamine D ihagije, kureka kunywa itabi no kugabanya inzoga. Immyitozo ngororamubiri ifasha gukomeza amagufwa, igabanya kubura amagufwa, kandi inonosora ubuzima. Intego ni iminota 30 kugeza kuri 60 kumunsi hamwe n'imvange y'ibikorwa byo kwicara, aerobic, gukomeza imikaya, nibikorwa bidakubita. Ibikorwa byo kwicara ni ibikorwa bikorwa uhagaze n'amagufwa yawe ashyigikira ibiro byawe. Amwe muri ayo moko y'imyitozo harimo kugenda, gusiganwa, no kubyina. Tai Chi ni urugero rwiza rw'imyitozo idakubita. Ganira na muganga wawe kubyerekeye imyitozo ishobora kuba myiza kuri wewe. Ni byiza kubona calcium mu biryo byawe kuruta mu kinyobwa. Ibicuruzwa bya Dairy, imboga zimwe na zimwe z'icyatsi nk'ispinachi, broccoli, cyangwa kale, n'ibinyobwa by'imbuto byongerwamo calcium na soya birimo calcium nyinshi. Muri rusange, intego ni ukubona byibuze ibice bitatu ku munsi mu mirire yawe. Ushobora kuba ugomba gufata calcium yongerwamo niba utarabona calcium ihagije mu mirire yawe. Ibyongerwamo bifatwa neza, akenshi biba bihendutse, kandi biroroshye kubifata. Niba ufata calcium yongerwamo, ni byiza kuyifatanya na vitamine D. Vitamine D ni ingenzi mu gutuma umubiri ufata calcium kandi ugumana ubuzima bw'amagufwa. Vitamine D ikorwa mu ruhu hafi ya buri gihe hari izuba rihagije ariko iboneka kandi mu biribwa bimwe na bimwe no mu byongerwamo vitamine. Baza umuganga wawe amakuru arambuye yerekeye uko vitamine D ukeneye n'icyo gukora ku byongerwamo. Niba unywa itabi, reka. Kunywa itabi byongera ibyago bya osteopenia na osteoporosis. Kunywa inzoga bishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara osteoporosis. Gabanya kunywa inzoga ku kinyobwa kimwe kumunsi niba uri umugore, na bibiri kumunsi niba uri umugabo. Ushobora gufasha gukumira kuvunika. Ibintu bibiri by'ingenzi ushobora gukora kugira ngo ufashe ni ukwirinda kugwa no gufata imiti. Kugwa ni ikintu cya mbere cyongera ibyago byo kuvunika. Fata ingamba zo gukumira kugwa mu rugo rwawe, ufite ibyumba n'imyanya y'inzira igaragara neza. Ntuzamuke ku ndunduro, komeza insinga z'amashanyarazi na terefone zitari mu nzira, kandi ukureho amakaramu aho bishoboka. Menya ibikorwa bikurura ibyago byo kuvunika, nko gutwara ibiro byinshi no gucukura imvura. Koresha ubuhanga bwiza bwo gutwara kandi uganire na muganga wawe kubyerekeye amabwiriza yawe yo gutwara. Ubwoko butandukanye bw'imiti bushobora gukumira ibindi byinshi byo kubura uburemere bw'amagufwa kugeza kuri 5 kugeza kuri 10%. Ibi bishobora kugabanya cyane ibyago byo kuvunika. Imiti myinshi ya osteoporosis ifasha guhagarika kubura amagufwa. Ibindi byongerwamo bifasha kubaka amagufwa. Umuganga wawe ashobora kugufasha gufata umwanzuro w'ubuvuzi bushobora kuba bwiza kuri wewe. Matthew T. Drake, M.D., Ph.D.: Osteoporosis na osteopenia ni indwara zisanzwe zibasira abantu barenga ½ bafite imyaka 50 n'irenga muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Akenshi nta bimenyetso bigira kugeza ubwo igufwa rimenetse cyangwa umuntu agize ubumuga bw'umugongo. Tekereza ku bantu bamenyekanye, bavunikiye amagufwa kandi byabagizeho ingaruka. Kuvunika amagufwa bishobora gukumirwa. Ubwa mbere, menya neza ko ubonye calcium ihagije hagati y'ibiryo n'ibyongerwamo. Kuri benshi bafite osteoporosis cyangwa osteopenia, bizaba hafi ya miligramu 1200. Ikibazo ni uko ubusanzwe indyo ya calcium ku bantu bafite imyaka 50 cyangwa irenga ni ½ y'ibyateganijwe. Ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwerekanye ko calcium, ifatanije n'umunsi muke wa vitamine D igabanya ibyago byo kuvunika kandi ikongera uburemere bw'amagufwa. Vitamine D kandi ni ingenzi kugira ngo ifashe umubiri wawe gufata calcium neza. Kubura vitamine D ni bwinshi cyane, cyane cyane uko ugenda ukura. Immyitozo yo kwicara ifatanije no gukomeza, ifasha kandi kugumana amagufwa yawe akomeye. Ariko, kuri bamwe mu bantu bafite ibyago byinshi, gufata calcium na vitamine D hamwe n'imyitozo ngororamubiri ntibihagije gukumira kuvunika. Umuganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gufata imiti uretse calcium na vitamine D. Niba ibyago byawe byo kuvunika ari byinshi, noneho inyungu zo gufata imiti izahora isumba ibyago bifitanye isano n'imiti. Umuganga wawe n'umuganga w'imiti bashobora gusubiramo ikoreshwa ry'imiti nawe. Ibuka, uko ugenda ukura, ibyago byo kugwa byiyongera. Ibyinshi mu bivunika bibaho nyuma yo kugwa. Ese wari uzi ko 5% byo kugwa bigiraho ingaruka kuvunika, 10% bigiraho ingaruka zikomeye, na 30% bigiraho ingaruka zose? Ntukagwe. Akenshi mbwira abarwayi banjye niba bigaragara nk'igitekerezo kibi, birashoboka ko ari igitekerezo kibi. Ese koko ukeneye kuzamuka ku ndunduro kugira ngo ukureho amababi mu muyoboro cyangwa undi muntu ashobora kugufasha? Ese koko ukeneye gusiga umucyo utazongera, kugira ngo utatinda umugabo wawe iyo ugiye mu bwiherero hagati yijoro? Menya neza ko inzu yawe ikwiriye. Immyitozo yo kubona umubiri nk'iya Tai Chi byerekanye kandi ko bikumira kugwa niba ubikora byibuze kabiri mu cyumweru. Kugumana amagufwa yawe akomeye no gukumira kuvunika ni ingenzi kuri buri wese uko bakura. Nizeye ko aya makuru azagufasha wowe n'amagufwa yawe kuguma muzima mu myaka iri imbere. Umugore: Niba ufite ikibazo kijyanye n'aya makuru, ganira n'abaganga bawe. Ibiryo byiza n'imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe ni ingenzi kugira ngo ugumane amagufwa yawe akomeye mu buzima bwawe bwose. Abagabo n'abagore bari hagati y'imyaka 18 na 50 bakeneye miligramu 1000 za calcium kumunsi. Iyi ngano y'umunsi izamuka kugeza kuri miligramu 1200 iyo abagore bagejeje ku myaka 50 n'abagabo bagejeje ku myaka 70. Amasoko meza ya calcium harimo: - Ibicuruzwa bya Dairy bifite amavuta make. - Imboga z'icyatsi kibisi. - Salmon cyangwa sardines zibitswe hamwe n'amagufwa. - Ibicuruzwa bya soya, nka tofu. - Ibiryo byongerwamo calcium n'umutobe w'imara. Niba ubona bigoye kubona calcium ihagije mu mirire yawe, gerageza gufata calcium yongerwamo. Ariko rero, calcium nyinshi yagaragaye ko itera amabuye y'impyiko. Nubwo bitaracika, bamwe mu bahanga bemeza ko calcium nyinshi, cyane cyane mu byongerwamo, ishobora kongera ibyago by'indwara z'umutima. Ishami ry'Ubuzima n'Ubuvuzi bw'Inama y'Igihugu y'Ubumenyi, Ubugenge, n'Ubuvuzi bwemeza ko calcium yose ifatwa, ivuye mu byongerwamo n'ibiryo byombi, ikwiye kuba ntarengwa miligramu 2000 kumunsi ku bantu barengeje imyaka 50. Vitamine D inonosora ubushobozi bw'umubiri bwo gufata calcium kandi inonosora ubuzima bw'amagufwa mu buryo bundi. Abantu bashobora kubona vitamine D yabo mu zuba, ariko ibi bishobora kuba atari isoko nziza niba uba mu karere gakonje, niba uri mu rugo, cyangwa niba ukoresha izuba buri gihe cyangwa ukirinda izuba kubera ibyago bya kanseri y'uruhu. Amasoko y'ibiryo bya vitamine D harimo amavuta y'ibinyamaswa, trout na salmon. Ubwoko bwinshi bw'amata n'ibiryo byongerwamo vitamine D. Abantu benshi bakeneye byibuze 600 international units (IU) za vitamine D kumunsi. Iyo nama izamuka kugeza kuri 800 IU kumunsi nyuma y'imyaka 70. Abantu badafite izindi nkomoko za vitamine D kandi cyane cyane bafite izuba rike bashobora kuba bakeneye ibyongerwamo. Ibicuruzwa byinshi bya vitamine biri hagati ya 600 na 800 IU za vitamine D. Kugeza kuri 4000 IU za vitamine D kumunsi ni byiza kuri benshi. Immyitozo ngororamubiri ishobora kugufasha kubaka amagufwa akomeye no kugabanya kubura amagufwa. Immyitozo ngororamubiri izagirira amagufwa yawe akamaro uko watangiriye, ariko uzabona inyungu nyinshi niba utangiye gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe ukiri muto kandi ukomeza gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri mu buzima bwawe bwose. Huza imyitozo yo gukomeza imikaya hamwe n'imyitozo yo kwicara no kubona umubiri. Gukomeza imikaya bifasha gukomeza imikaya n'amagufwa mu maboko yawe no mu mugongo wo hejuru. Ibikorwa byo kwicara - nko kugenda, gusiganwa, kwiruka, kuzamuka intambwe, gusiganwa, guskiya n'imikino ikubita - bigira ingaruka ahanini ku magufwa yo mu maguru, mu kibuno no mu mugongo wo hasi. Immyitozo yo kubona umubiri nka tai chi ishobora kugabanya ibyago byo kugwa cyane cyane uko ugenda ukura.

Urugero rw'amagufa yawe rushobora gupimwa n'imashini ikoresha urwego rwo hasi rwa X-rays kugira ngo imenye umubare w'imyunyungugu iri mu magufa yawe. Muri iki kizami kidakomeretsa, uza kuryama ku meza y'ibitambaro mu gihe scanner irimo gutambuka ku mubiri wawe. Mu bihe byinshi, ni amagufa amwe na amwe gusa apimwa - akenshi mu kibuno no mu mugongo.