Ese ni iki? Pectus Excavatum: Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n’Ubuvuzi

Pectus excavatum ni uburwayi bw’igituza aho igifu (sternum) n’amagongo bikura binjira imbere, bigatuma igituza kigira isura y’icyobo cyangwa ikinyabutabire hagati. Ibi bibaho mu gihe cy’iterambere mu nda, bikagaragara cyane uko umuntu akura, cyane cyane mu myaka y’ubwangavu iyo habaho ukura kenshi.

Ushobora kumenya iyi ndwara nka “igituza cy’icyobo” cyangwa “igituza cyinjiye.” Ni yo ndwara y’igituza imenyekanye cyane, igaragara kuri umwe kuri 400 bavutse. Nubwo ishobora kugaragara nabi, abantu benshi bafite pectus excavatum babaho ubuzima busanzwe kandi bwiza.

Ibimenyetso bya pectus excavatum ni ibihe?

Ikimenyetso cyigaragara cyane ni ukugongoka kw’igituza, bishobora kuba bito cyangwa bikomeye. Kuri benshi, iyi mpinduka ni yo yonyine bagira, kandi ntibagira ingaruka ku mirimo yabo ya buri munsi cyangwa ubuzima bwabo.

Ariko kandi, bamwe bashobora kubona ibimenyetso by’umubiri, cyane cyane niba icyobo ari gikomeye. Reka turebe ibyo ushobora guhura na byo:

• Guhumeka nabi mu gihe cy’imyitozo ngororamubiri cyangwa imirimo ikomeye
• Kubabara mu gituza cyangwa kubabara, cyane cyane mu gihe cy’imbaraga
• Gukubita k’umutima cyangwa kumva ko umutima wawe uri guhunda
• Uburwayi butagaragara nk’ubusanzwe ku rwego rwawe rw’imirimo
• Indwara z’ubuhumekero kenshi cyangwa kumva ko udashobora guhumeka
• Kubabara mu mugongo kubera impinduka mu myanya y’umubiri ugerageza guhisha isura y’igituza

Ibi bimenyetso bibaho kuko igituza cyinjiye rimwe na rimwe gishobora gukanda ku mutima na pulmoni, bigabanya umwanya bafite wo gukora neza. Ni byiza kuzirikana ko abantu benshi bafite pectus excavatum, nubwo ari ikigaragara, badafite ibyo bimenyetso by’umubiri.

Uretse ibimenyetso by’umubiri, iyi ndwara ishobora kandi kugira ingaruka ku kuntu wiyumva. Ushobora kumva uhangayitse ku isura yawe, cyane cyane mu bihe usanzwe ukuramo umwenda, nko koga cyangwa imikino.

Ese pectus excavatum iterwa n’iki?

Pectus excavatum iterwa n’uko imikaya ihuza amagufa y’igituza n’igifu ikura nabi mu gihe cy’iterambere ry’umwana uri mu nda. Tekereza kuri iyi mikaya nk’ibihumanya byoroshye bifunga igituza hamwe - iyo ikura cyane cyangwa mu buryo budasanzwe, ishobora gukurura igifu imbere.

Impamvu nyayo y’ibi ntiyumvikana neza, ariko imyambarire ifite uruhare runini. Abantu bagera kuri 40% bafite pectus excavatum bafite umuryango ufite iyi ndwara cyangwa indi ndwara y’igituza.

Ibintu byinshi bishobora gutera iyi ndwara:

• Impinduka mu mbaraga z’imyororokere zigira ingaruka ku iterambere ry’imikaya
• Amateka y’umuryango w’uburwayi bw’igituza cyangwa indwara z’imikaya
• Indwara zimwe na zimwe z’imyororokere nka Marfan syndrome cyangwa Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
• Indwara z’imikaya zigira ingaruka ku mikurire y’imikaya n’amagufa

Ni ingenzi kumva ko pectus excavatum iterwa na kimwe mubyo wowe cyangwa ababyeyi bawe bakoze mu gihe cyo gutwita. Ni uko gusa igituza cyawe cyakuriye mbere y’ivuka, kandi kenshi kigaragara cyane mu gihe cy’ukura kenshi, cyane cyane mu myaka y’ubwangavu.

Ni ryari ukwiye kubona muganga kubera pectus excavatum?

Ukwiye gutekereza kubona muganga niba ufite ibimenyetso bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi cyangwa niba uhangayikishijwe n’isura y’igituza cyawe. Gusuzuma hakiri kare bishobora gufasha kumenya niba ubuvuzi bushobora kugira akamaro.

Dore ibyo ugomba kwitaho byihariye muganga:

• Uhuye no guhumeka nabi mu bikorwa bisanzwe
• Ufite ububabare mu gituza kibangamira imyitozo ngororamubiri cyangwa imirimo ya buri munsi
• Ubona igituza cyawe cyinjiye cyiyongera uko iminsi igenda
• Wumva umutima wawe uri guhunda cyangwa uri gusiba kenshi
• Iyi ndwara igira ingaruka ku kwihesha agaciro cyangwa ku mibereho yawe
• Ufite abagize umuryango bafite indwara z’imikaya

Ku bana n’abangavu, ni ingenzi cyane kugira isuzuma rya buri gihe mu gihe cy’ukura kenshi. Iyi ndwara ishobora kuba mbi muri ibi bihe, kandi uburyo bwo kuvura hakiri kare bushobora kuba bufite ingaruka nziza.

Ntugatinye gusaba inama y’abaganga nubwo ibimenyetso byawe bigaragara bito. Umuganga ashobora gusuzuma niba pectus excavatum yawe igira ingaruka ku mikorere y’umutima cyangwa pulmoni, akanagutegurira uburyo bwo kuvura bushobora kugufasha kumva wishimye kandi ufite icyizere.

Ibyago byo kurwara pectus excavatum ni ibihe?

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera amahirwe yawe yo kurwara pectus excavatum, nubwo ufite ibyo byago ntibihamya ko uzahura n’iyi ndwara. Kubyumva bishobora kugufasha kumenya igihe ukwiye gusaba isuzuma ry’abaganga.

Ibyago bikomeye birimo:

• Kuba umuhungu - abahungu bafite amahirwe menshi inshuro 3 kugeza kuri 5 yo kurwara pectus excavatum kurusha abakobwa
• Amateka y’umuryango w’uburwayi bw’igituza cyangwa indwara z’imikaya
• Kugira indwara zimwe na zimwe z’imyororokere nka Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, cyangwa Poland syndrome
• Scoliosis cyangwa ibindi bibazo by’ubugongwe bw’umugongo
• Mitral valve prolapse cyangwa izindi ndwara z’umutima
• Kuba muremure kandi ufite umubiri mwiza

Imyaka ifite uruhare mu buryo iyi ndwara igaragara. Nubwo pectus excavatum ibaho kuva ku ivuka, kenshi igaragara cyane mu gihe cy’ubwangavu iyo habaho ukura kenshi. Niyo mpamvu abantu benshi bamenya iyi ndwara mu myaka yabo y’ubwangavu.

Kugira ibyo byago ntibisobanura ko ugomba guhangayika, ariko bisobanura ko ugomba kumenya iyi ndwara no kugenzura impinduka zose mu isura y’igituza cyawe cyangwa uburyo bwo guhumeka uko iminsi igenda.

Ingaruka zishoboka za pectus excavatum ni izihe?

Abantu benshi bafite pectus excavatum ntabwo bagira ingaruka zikomeye, cyane cyane iyo icyobo ari gito cyangwa giciriritse. Ariko kandi, ibintu bikomeye rimwe na rimwe bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y’umutima na pulmoni.

Dore ingaruka zishobora kubaho, cyane cyane hamwe n’ibyobo bikomeye by’igituza:

• Kugabanuka kw’ubushobozi bwa pulmoni no kugira ikibazo cyo guhumeka mu gihe cy’imyitozo ngororamubiri
• Gukanda ku mutima bigatuma umusaruro w’umutima ugabanuka
• Kudakunda imyitozo ngororamubiri no gucika intege hakiri kare mu gihe cy’imikino
• Indwara z’ubuhumekero kenshi kubera kugabanuka kw’imikorere ya pulmoni
• Umutima uhindagurika mu bihe bidasanzwe
• Ingaruka zo mu mutwe harimo kugabanyuka kw’icyizere no kwirukana mu muryango

Ingaruka zo mu mutwe ntizikwiye gucyekwa. Abantu benshi bafite pectus excavatum ikigaragara birinda ibikorwa nko koga, kujya ku mucanga, cyangwa gukina imikino aho bashobora gukuramo umwenda. Ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mibanire n’abandi no ku mibereho muri rusange.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe cyane, pectus excavatum ikomeye ishobora gutera gukanda cyane ku mutima na pulmoni, bigatuma habaho ibibazo bikomeye byo guhumeka cyangwa ibibazo by’umutima. Ariko kandi, hamwe n’ibikoresho bya none byo gusuzuma, abaganga bashobora kumenya ibyo bibazo hakiri kare bagatanga ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Ese pectus excavatum imenyekanwa ite?

Kumenya pectus excavatum bisanzwe bitangira hakoreshejwe isuzuma ry’umubiri aho muganga ashobora kubona no kupima icyobo cy’igituza. Azakubaza ibibazo ku bimenyetso byawe, amateka y’umuryango wawe, n’uburyo iyi ndwara igira ingaruka ku mirimo yawe ya buri munsi.

Muganga wawe azakora ibizamini byinshi kugira ngo yumve ubukana bw’iyi ndwara yawe niba igira ingaruka ku mutima cyangwa pulmoni. Igikorwa cyo gusuzuma gisanzwe kirimo:

• Isuzuma ry’umubiri ripima uburebure n’ubugari bw’icyobo cy’igituza
• Amashusho y’igituza kugira ngo abone imiterere y’amagufa no kugenzura aho umutima uherereye
• CT scan kugira ngo abone amashusho arambuye kandi apime ubukana
• Ibizamini byo gusuzuma uko pulmoni ikora kugira ngo apime uko pulmoni zawe zikora
• Echocardiogram kugira ngo arebe niba imikorere y’umutima wawe igira ingaruka
• Ibizamini byo gusuzuma uko umutima na pulmoni byitwara mu gihe cy’imyitozo ngororamubiri

CT scan ni ingenzi cyane kuko ifasha abaganga gupima icyo bita “Haller Index” - igipimo gifasha kumenya ubukana bw’iyi ndwara yawe. Iki gipimo kigereranya uburebure bw’igituza cyawe n’umwanya uri hagati y’igifu na mugongo.

Ibi bizamini ntibibabaza, kandi bitanga amakuru y’agaciro afasha itsinda ry’abaganga bawe gutanga uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura buhuye n’ikibazo cyawe.

Ubuvuzi bwa pectus excavatum ni buhe?

Ubuvuzi bwa pectus excavatum biterwa n’uburemere bw’iyi ndwara yawe niba itera ibimenyetso cyangwa igira ingaruka ku mikorere y’umutima na pulmoni. Ibintu byinshi bito ntibisaba ubuvuzi na gato, mu gihe ibintu bikomeye bifite uburyo bwinshi bwiza.

Ku bintu bito bidatera ibimenyetso, muganga wawe ashobora kugutegurira:

• Kugendera kuri gahunda kugira ngo ugenzure impinduka uko iminsi igenda
• Ubuvuzi bw’umubiri n’imyitozo ngororamubiri kugira ngo wongere imyanya y’umubiri no guhumeka
• Imyitozo ngororamubiri y’igituza kugira ngo ukomeze imikaya yo mu gituza cyawe
• Imyitozo yo guhumeka kugira ngo wongere ubushobozi bwa pulmoni

Iyo ibimenyetso bihari cyangwa icyobo ari gikomeye, uburyo bwo kubaga burababazwa. Uburyo bubiri bukuru bwo kubaga ni:

Uburyo bwa Nuss burimo gushyira igiti cy’icyuma gikururitse munsi y’igifu cyawe kugira ngo gikurure hanze. Ubu buvuzi bukorwa mu buryo buto, busanzwe bukorwa hakoreshejwe ibikomere bito ku mpande z’igituza cyawe. Igiti kiguma aho kiri mu gihe cy’imyaka 2-4 igituza cyawe kigahindura isura, hanyuma kikurwaho mu gihe gito.

Uburyo bwa Ravitch ni ubuvuzi buto bwo kubaga aho umuganga akuraho imikaya idasanzwe agashyira igifu mu mwanya.

Ubu buvuzi bwose bufite ibyiza byinshi kandi bushobora kunoza cyane isura n’ibimenyetso. Muganga wawe azagufasha guhitamo uburyo bwiza hashingiwe ku myaka yawe, ubukana bw’iyi ndwara, n’ibyo ukunda.

Uko wakwitwara murugo ufite pectus excavatum

Nubwo kuvura murugo kudakemura ikibazo cy’igituza cyinjiye, hari ibintu byinshi ushobora gukora kugira ngo ugenzure ibimenyetso kandi wumve wishimye ufite iyi ndwara. Ibi bikorwa bikora neza cyane ku bintu bito cyangwa mu gihe utekereza ku bindi buryo bwo kuvura.

Imyitozo yo guhumeka ishobora kugufasha kongera ubushobozi bwa pulmoni yawe no kugabanya guhumeka nabi. Kora imyitozo yo guhumeka buri munsi, ugerageze kwagura igituza cyawe no gukoresha diafragme yawe neza. Ibi bishobora kugufasha gukoresha neza umwanya wawe wa pulmoni.

Kunoza imyanya y’umubiri ni ingenzi kuko abantu benshi bafite pectus excavatum bakunda kugongoka imbere kugira ngo bahishe igituza cyabo. Dore ingamba zifasha:

• Kora imyitozo yo guhagarara no kwicara ufite amaboko inyuma n’igituza cyaguka
• Komeza imikaya y’umugongo wawe hakoreshejwe imyitozo nka rows na reverse flies
• Kora imyitozo yo kwagura imikaya y’igituza cyawe buri gihe kugira ngo wirinde guhindagurika
• Tegura yoga cyangwa Pilates kugira ngo unoze imyanya y’umubiri muri rusange n’imbaraga z’igituza

Imyitozo ngororamubiri ya cardio ishobora kugufasha kunoza ubuzima bwawe muri rusange n’ubushobozi bwo guhumeka. Tangira buhoro buhoro hanyuma wongere imbaraga uko ubushobozi bwawe buzamuka. Koga ni byiza cyane kuko ikora ku mutima na pulmoni yawe kandi ikomeza imikaya y’igituza.

Kwita ku ngaruka zo mu mutwe ni ingenzi cyane. Tekereza kuvugana n’inshuti, umuryango, cyangwa umujyanama ku kuntu iyi ndwara igira ingaruka kuri wewe. Abantu benshi basanga guhuza n’abandi bafite pectus excavatum binyuze mu matsinda y’ubufasha cyangwa imbuga z’abantu ku mbuga nkoranyambaga bibafasha kumva badakozweho.

Uko wakwitegura gusura muganga

Kwitunganya mbere yo gusura muganga bizagufasha gukoresha neza igihe cyawe na muganga kandi bikaba byizewe ko ibibazo byawe byose byakemuwe. Tangira wandike ibimenyetso byawe, harimo igihe bibaho n’uburyo bigira ingaruka ku mirimo yawe ya buri munsi.

Zana urutonde rw’ibibazo ushaka kubaza. Tekereza kubamo:

• Ese pectus excavatum yanjye ikomeye?
• Ese ibimenyetso byanjye bifitanye isano n’icyobo cy’igituza?
• Ni uburyo bwo kuvura buhe buhari ku kibazo cyanjye?
• Ese iyi ndwara yanjye izakomeza kuba mbi uko iminsi igenda?
• Ese nakwirinda ibikorwa cyangwa imyitozo runaka?
• Ni ryari nkwiye gutekereza kubaga?

Kora amateka yawe y’ubuzima, harimo amateka y’umuryango w’uburwayi bw’igituza cyangwa indwara z’imikaya. Niba warigeze gukora amashusho y’igituza cyangwa izindi shusho, zana kopi cyangwa menya neza ko muganga wawe ashobora kubibona.

Tegura kuzana umuryango cyangwa inshuti kugira ngo aguhe inkunga, cyane cyane niba muganira ku buryo bwo kubaga. Bashobora kugufasha kwibuka amakuru y’ingenzi no kubaza ibibazo ushobora kwibagirwa.

Tegura kuvuga uko iyi ndwara igira ingaruka ku mibereho yawe, harimo ibibazo byose mu bikorwa by’umubiri cyangwa imibanire n’abandi. Aya makuru afasha muganga wawe kumva neza ingaruka zose z’iyi ndwara yawe no kugutegurira ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Icyingenzi kuri pectus excavatum

Pectus excavatum ni indwara ishobora kuvurwa igira ingaruka kuri benshi, kandi nturi wenyine mu kuyirwanya. Nubwo isura y’igituza cyinjiye ishobora kugaragara nabi, abantu benshi bafite iyi ndwara babaho ubuzima buzuye kandi bukorwa neza nta bibazo bikomeye by’ubuzima.

Ikintu cy’ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura buhari niba iyi ndwara yawe itera ibimenyetso cyangwa igira ingaruka ku mibereho yawe. Kuva ku myitozo ngororamubiri n’imyitozo yo guhumeka kugeza ku buryo bwo kubaga bufite ibyiza byinshi, hari uburyo bushobora kugufasha kumva wishimye umubiri n’umutima.

Nturetse pectus excavatum ihagarika ibikorwa byawe cyangwa icyizere cyawe ubusa. Niba ufite ibimenyetso cyangwa ukumva uhangayikishijwe n’isura yawe, kuvugana n’umuganga bishobora kugufasha kumva uburyo bwawe no gufata ibyemezo byiza bijyanye no kuvura.

Wibuke ko gusaba ubufasha ari ikimenyetso cyo kwita ku buzima bwawe, atari intege nke. Uko watowe kuvurwa, intego ni ugufasha kumva wishimye, ufite icyizere, kandi ubasha kwishimira ibikorwa byose bikubereye.

Ibibazo byakunze kubaza kuri pectus excavatum

Q1: Ese pectus excavatum izakomeza kuba mbi uko nshaje?

Pectus excavatum isanzwe iba ikigaragara cyane mu gihe cy’ukura kenshi mu gihe cy’ubwangavu, ariko isanzwe ihumura umaze kurangiza gukura. Ku bantu bakuru benshi, iyi ndwara ntigikomeza kuba mbi uko iminsi igenda. Ariko kandi, bamwe bashobora kubona impinduka mu bimenyetso kubera ibintu nko guhindura ibiro, urwego rw’imyitozo ngororamubiri, cyangwa impinduka ziterwa n’imyaka mu mikorere ya pulmoni.

Q2: Ese nshobora gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri nk’uko bisanzwe mfite pectus excavatum?

Abantu benshi bafite pectus excavatum bito cyangwa biciriritse bashobora gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri nk’uko bisanzwe kandi bagakina imikino nta kibazo. Niba uhuye no guhumeka nabi cyangwa ububabare mu gituza mu gihe cy’imyitozo ngororamubiri, ni byiza kubiganiraho na muganga wawe, ariko ntutekereze ko ugomba kwirinda imyitozo ngororamubiri. Mu by’ukuri, imyitozo ngororamubiri isanzwe ifasha kunoza ubuzima bwawe muri rusange n’ubushobozi bwo guhumeka.

Q3: Ese kubaga ari bwo buryo bwonyine bwo gukosora isura ya pectus excavatum?

Ubu, kubaga ni bwo buryo bwonyine bwo gukosora burundu icyobo cy’igituza. Ariko kandi, imyitozo ikomeza imikaya y’igituza cyawe kandi ikabona imyanya y’umubiri ishobora kugabanya isura kandi ikagutera icyizere. Bamwe basanga kongera imikaya mu gituza no mu bitugu bifasha kubona isura y’iyi ndwara.

Q4: Ni mu myaka ingahe ari byiza kubagwa kubera pectus excavatum?

Imyaka ikwiye yo kubagwa iterwa n’ibintu byinshi, ariko abaganga benshi bakunda kubaga mu myaka y’ubwangavu iyo igituza kikiri gukura kandi kigororotse. Uburyo bwa Nuss busanzwe bufite akamaro hagati y’imyaka 12-18, mu gihe uburyo bwa Ravitch bushobora gukorwa neza mu myaka itandukanye. Muganga wawe azakora ku kibazo cyawe, harimo ubukana bw’ibimenyetso n’ubworoherane bw’igituza.

Q5: Ese ubwisungane bw’ubuzima buzakwira inganda z’ubuvuzi bwa pectus excavatum?

Ubwishingizi butandukanye, ariko gahunda nyinshi zizakwira ubuvuzi iyo pectus excavatum itera ibibazo by’imikorere nko guhumeka nabi cyangwa gukanda ku mutima. Ibyangombwa by’ibimenyetso n’ibizamini bigaragaza ko imikorere y’umutima cyangwa pulmoni igabanutse bisanzwe bikomeza kwemeza ubwisungane. Gukosora isura gusa bishobora kudakwirwa, niyo mpamvu ari ingenzi gukorana n’itsinda ryawe ry’abaganga kugira ngo bandike ingaruka zose z’iyi ndwara yawe.