Pemphigus ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n'Ubuvuzi

Pemphigus ni indwara idasanzwe iterwa n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri aho ubwirinzi bw'umubiri bugaba igitero ku ruhu rwiza n'imikaya y'umunwa. Iki gitero gitera ibisebe bibabaza kandi bikomeretsa ku ruhu no mu kanwa, mu muhogo, cyangwa ahandi hose imikaya y'umunwa iboneka.

Nubwo pemphigus yumvikana nk'indwara iteye ubwoba, kumva icyo ari cyo n'ukuntu ikora bishobora kugufasha kumva witeguye. Ubwirinde bw'umubiri, busanzwe bukurengera ku ndwara, burahuzagurika bugatangira kwibasira poroteyine zifunga uturemangingo tw'uruhu hamwe. Iyo izo mpinduka zigabanutse, habaho ibisebe byuzuye amazi bishobora kubabaza kandi bikavunika byoroshye.

Ibimenyetso bya pemphigus ni ibihe?

Ikimenyetso cyiboneka cyane cya pemphigus ni ukuboneka kw'ibisebe byoroshye, byuzuye amazi bigaragara ku ruhu rusanzwe. Ibi bisebe biracye kandi bikunze kuvunika byoroshye, bigasiga ibisebe bibabaza, bikomeretsa bishobora gufata igihe ngo bikire.

Reka turebe ibimenyetso ushobora kugira, tuzirikana ko uburambe bwa buri wese bushobora gutandukana:

• Ibisebe bibabaza bitangira mu kanwa, mu muhogo, cyangwa ku mutwe mbere yo gukwirakwira ahandi
• Uruhu rworoshye rugaragara ko rutandukana cyangwa rukuraho iyo ukoresheje igitutu gito
• Ibishebe bikomeretsa, bikura amazi aho ibisebe byavunitse
• Kugorana kurya cyangwa kunywa iyo ibisebe biba mu kanwa cyangwa mu muhogo
• Ibice by'uruhu byumye aho ibisebe bigerageza gukira
• Kumva ubushyuhe cyangwa ububabare mu bice byakomeretse

Mu bihe bidafite akenshi, bamwe bagira ibisebe mu maso, mu mazuru, cyangwa mu gitsina. Imiterere n'uburemere bishobora gutandukana cyane ukurikije umuntu ku wundi. Ikintu gikomeye ni ukumenya ko ibi bimenyetso bikwiye kuvurirwa na muganga, cyane cyane niba bikomeza cyangwa bikaganza uko iminsi igenda.

Ubwoko bwa pemphigus ni ubuhe?

Pemphigus ifite uburyo butandukanye, buri bwoko bugira ingaruka ku mubiri mu buryo butandukanye gato. Ubwoko nyamukuru bugaragazwa n'aho ibisebe biba n'aho bigera mu ruhu.

Pemphigus vulgaris ni bwo bwoko busanzwe. Ubusanzwe butangira mu kanwa, mbere yo gukwirakwira ku ruhu. Ibi bisebe biba mu ruhu, bigatuma biba byoroshye kandi bigatinda gukira.

Pemphigus foliaceus igira ingaruka ku ruhu rwo hejuru kandi ntabwo ikunze kuba mu kanwa cyangwa mu mikaya y'umunwa. Ibi bisebe bikunze kuba byoroshye kandi bikunze kugaragara nk'ibice byumye, byuzuye udukoko kuruta ibisebe bikomeye biboneka muri pemphigus vulgaris.

Ubwoko buke cyane harimo pemphigus vegetans, aho habaho ibice bikomeye, nk'iby'ibiti mu bibyimba by'uruhu, na paraneoplastic pemphigus, bishobora kuba hamwe na kanseri zimwe na zimwe. Pemphigus iterwa n'imiti ishobora kubaho nk'ingaruka z'imiti imwe n'imwe, nubwo ihagarara iyo imiti yateye ikibazo ihagaritswe.

Icyateye pemphigus ni iki?

Pemphigus iterwa n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri butera antikorps zibasira poroteyine zitwa desmogleins. Izi poroteyine zikora nk'ikintu gifunga, zifunga uturemangingo tw'uruhu kugira ngo dukore urubuga rwirinda.

Impamvu nyayo ituma ubwirinzi bw'umubiri bukora ayo makosa ntiracyumvikana neza. Abashakashatsi bemeza ko bishobora kuba biterwa n'imiterere y'impyiko ituma umuntu arwara cyane n'ibintu byo mu kirere bishobora gutera iyi ndwara.

Ibintu byinshi bishobora gutera pemphigus mu bantu bafite ubumenyi bw'impyiko:

• Imiti imwe n'imwe, harimo ACE inhibitors, antibiotike nka penicilline, n'imiti imwe n'imwe ihagarika ububabare
• Indwara ziterwa na virusi zishobora guhuzagurika ubwirinzi bw'umubiri
• Umujinya ukabije cyangwa umunaniro ukabije
• Kwiyerekana ku bintu bimwe na bimwe cyangwa uburozi
• Izindi ndwara ziterwa n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri zishobora kongera ibyago

Mu bihe bidafite akenshi, pemphigus ishobora kuba hamwe na kanseri, cyane cyane ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa lymphoma. Ubwo bwoko, bwitwa paraneoplastic pemphigus, bukunze kumera neza iyo kanseri yavuwe neza.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera pemphigus?

Ukwiye kujya kwa muganga vuba niba ufite ibisebe cyangwa ibikomere bitakira mu minsi mike, cyane cyane niba biba mu kanwa cyangwa bikwirakwira mu bice byinshi by'umubiri wawe. Kumenya hakiri kare no kuvura birashobora gufasha kwirinda ingaruka mbi no kugabanya ububabare.

Shaka ubufasha bwa muganga ako kanya niba ugira ibibazo byo kunywa, ibibazo byo guhumeka, cyangwa ibimenyetso by'indwara ikwirakwira nk'umuriro, gukonja, cyangwa ubuhumyi bwihuta bukwirakwira hafi y'ibisebe byawe. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kugaragaza ko iyi ndwara igira ingaruka ku mikorere y'ingenzi cyangwa ko hari izindi ndwara zibonetse.

Ntugatege amatwi niba ubona uruhu rwawe rutangira gutandukana cyangwa rukuraho iyo ukoresheje igitutu gito, kuko ibyo bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cya pemphigus ikomeye isaba ubuvuzi bwihuse. Muganga wawe ashobora gukora ibizamini byihariye kugira ngo yemeze uburwayi atangire ubuvuzi bukwiye kugira ngo ibimenyetso byawe bigabanuke.

Ibyago byo kurwara pemphigus ni ibihe?

Ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kongera amahirwe yo kurwara pemphigus, nubwo ufite ibyo byago ntibisobanura ko uzahita urwara. Kubyumva bishobora kugufasha kumenya ibimenyetso.

Dore ibintu by'ingenzi ubushakashatsi bugaragaza:

• Imyaka iri hagati ya 40 na 60, nubwo ishobora kubaho mu myaka yose
• Abayahudi cyangwa abo muri Mediterane, cyane cyane abo mu muryango w'Abayahudi ba Ashkenazi
• Amateka y'umuryango w'indwara ziterwa n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri
• Kunywa imiti imwe n'imwe izwiho gutera pemphigus
• Kugira izindi ndwara ziterwa n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri nka rhumatoïde arthritis cyangwa lupus
• Kwiyerekana ku bintu bimwe na bimwe byo mu kirere cyangwa uburozi

Mu bihe bidafite akenshi, ibintu by'impyiko bigira uruhare rutaziguye, aho ibintu bimwe na bimwe bya gene HLA bituma bamwe barwara cyane. Ariko kandi, nubwo ufite ubumenyi bw'impyiko, abantu benshi ntibarwara pemphigus, bigaragaza ko ibintu byo mu kirere bikenewe kugira ngo iyi ndwara itangire.

Ingaruka zishoboka za pemphigus ni izihe?

Nubwo pemphigus ishobora kuvurwa neza, hari ingaruka nyinshi zishobora kubaho niba iyi ndwara idakurikiranwa neza. Ikibazo gikomeye ni izindi ndwara ziterwa na bagiteri mu bisebe aho ibisebe byavunitse.

Reka turebe ingaruka mbi ukwiye kumenya:

• Indwara z'uruhu zishobora gukwirakwira niba bagiteri zinjira mu bisebe byavunitse
• Ibikomere mu bice aho ibisebe bikomeye byakize
• Kuma kubera kubura amazi kubera ibibazo by'uruhu
• Ibibazo by'imirire niba ibisebe byo mu kanwa bigora kurya
• Kugabanuka kw'imyunyu y'amaso mu mubiri kubera kubura amazi n'imyunyu y'amaso
• Ibibazo by'imibanire n'iby'amarangamutima kubera impinduka z'uruhu zigaragara

Mu bihe bikaze cyangwa bikomeye, pemphigus ikwirakwira ishobora gutera ingaruka zikomeye zihitana ubuzima nk'ibikomere bikomeye, harimo indwara zikomeye cyangwa gucika intege kw'imikorere y'impyiko. Byongeye kandi, imiti imwe n'imwe ikoreshwa mu kuvura pemphigus ishobora kugira ingaruka mbi, muganga wawe azakurikirana hafi mu gihe cyo kuvura.

Pemphigus imenyekanwa gute?

Kumenya pemphigus bisaba ibizamini byihariye kuko iyi ndwara ishobora kumera nk'izindi ndwara z'uruhu. Muganga wawe azatangira akugenzura uruhu rwawe kandi akubaze ibibazo byinshi ku gihe n'uburyo ibimenyetso byawe byatangiye.

Ibizamini by'ingenzi byo kumenya ni biopsie y'uruhu, aho muganga wawe akuraho igice gito cy'uruhu rwafashwe kugira ngo gusuzuma muri laboratwari. Ubwoko bubiri bwa biopsie ubusanzwe bukorwa: imwe yo gusuzuma hakoreshejwe mikoroskopi n'indi yo gukora ibizamini bya immunofluorescence.

Ibizamini bya immunofluorescence byerekana antikorps ziterwa na pemphigus. Iki kizamini gishobora kwerekana imiterere y'antikorps hagati y'uturemangingo tw'uruhu, ibyo bigafasha kwemeza uburwayi no gutandukanya pemphigus n'izindi ndwara.

Muganga wawe ashobora kandi gutegeka ibizamini by'amaraso kugira ngo apime urwego rw'antikorps za pemphigus mu maraso yawe. Ibi bizamini, bitwa indirect immunofluorescence cyangwa ELISA, bishobora gufasha gukurikirana uko iyi ndwara ikomeye n'uko ubuvuzi bukora.

Ubuvuzi bwa pemphigus ni ubuhe?

Ubuvuzi bwa pemphigus bugamije kugabanya ubwirinzi bw'umubiri kugira ngo buhagarike ibisebe bishya kandi bufashe ibikomere bisanzwe gukira. Imiti ikomeye ikoreshwa ni corticoïdes n'izindi miti igabanya ubwirinzi bw'umubiri ishobora gufasha guhagarika iyi ndwara.

Abantu benshi batangira kuvurwa hakoreshejwe corticoïdes yo mu kanwa nka prednisone, ishobora kugabanya vuba umuriro kandi igahagarika ibisebe bishya. Nubwo ari ingirakamaro, iyi miti igomba gukurikiranwa neza kubera ingaruka mbi zishobora kubaho iyo ikoreshejwe igihe kirekire.

Gahunda yawe yo kuvurwa ishobora kuba irimo uburyo butandukanye bukorera hamwe:

• Corticoïdes yo mu kanwa kugira ngo ihagarike vuba indwara ikomeye
• Imiti igabanya ubwirinzi bw'umubiri nka methotrexate cyangwa azathioprine kugira ngo igabanye gukenera corticoïdes
• Ubuvuzi bwo hejuru kugira ngo bufashe gukiza ibikomere bisanzwe no kwirinda indwara
• Antibiotike niba hari izindi ndwara ziterwa na bagiteri
• Rituximab ku ndwara zikomeye zidakira hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi busanzwe
• Plasmapheresis kugira ngo ikureho antikorps zangiza mu maraso yawe mu bihe byihutirwa

Mu ndwara zikomeye cyangwa zidakira hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi busanzwe, imiti mishya cyangwa kuvurwa hakoreshejwe immunoglobulin intraveneuse bishobora kugenzurwa. Muganga wawe azakorana nawe kugira ngo mubone uburyo bukwiye bwo kuvura buhagarika ibimenyetso byawe mugabanya ingaruka mbi.

Uko wakwitaho pemphigus iwawe

Kwita ku buzima bwawe iwawe bigira uruhare mu gucunga pemphigus hamwe n'ubuvuzi bwa muganga. Kwita ku ruhu rwawe no kurinda uruhu rwawe kwangirika bishobora gufasha kwirinda ingaruka mbi no kunoza ubuzima bwawe.

Komereza uruhu rwawe rwiza kandi rukarishye, ariko wirinde amasabune akomeye cyangwa gukuraho ibintu bishobora kwangiza ibice byoroshye. Koresha amazi ashyushye yo koga kandi usukure uruhu rwawe gahoro aho kurukuraho n'igitambaro.

Dore intambwe ushobora gufata buri munsi:

• Koresha imiti yo hejuru yatanzwe na muganga ukurikije amabwiriza
• Koresha amavuta yo kwisiga adafite impumuro nziza kugira ngo uruhu rudakomeretse rugume rwiza
• Nyamira imyenda yoroshye, idafunze kugira ngo wirinde gukomeretsa uruhu rwawe
• Rya ibiryo byoroshye, bidafite ibinyomoro niba ufite ibisebe mu kanwa
• Komeza kunywa amazi ahagije, cyane cyane niba ufite ibibazo by'uruhu
• Irinde ibikorwa bishobora gutera ibikomere cyangwa imvune

Kora isuzuma ry'ibimenyetso by'indwara nko gutukura, ubushyuhe, ibyondo, cyangwa umutuku ukwirakwira hafi y'ibisebe byawe. Hamagara muganga wawe ako kanya niba ubona izi mpinduka, kuko kuvura indwara vuba ni ingenzi ku bantu barwaye pemphigus.

Uko wakwitegura kujya kwa muganga

Kwitoza kujya kwa muganga bishobora gufasha kugira ngo ubone ubuvuzi burambuye. Zana urutonde rw'imiti yose unywa ubu, harimo imiti yo mu maduka n'ibindi, kuko bimwe bishobora gutera cyangwa kongera pemphigus.

Andika igihe ibimenyetso byawe byatangiye n'uko byahindutse uko iminsi igenda. Bandika ibyateye ibyo bimenyetso, nka imiti mishya, indwara, cyangwa ibintu byateye umunaniro byabaye mbere y'uko ibimenyetso byawe bitangira.

Fata amafoto meza y'ibice byakomeretse niba bishoboka, cyane cyane niba ibimenyetso byawe bije bikagenda. Ibyo bimenyetso bishobora gufasha muganga wawe kumva imiterere n'uburemere bw'uburwayi bwawe nubwo ibimenyetso bitagaragara mu gihe cyo gusura.

Tegura ibibazo ku ndwara yawe, uburyo bwo kuvura, n'icyo witeze mu gihe kiri imbere. Ntukabe ikibazo cyo kubaza ku ngaruka mbi z'ubuvuzi bwateganijwe n'uko bazakurikirana uko ubuzima bwawe bugenda.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya kuri pemphigus

Pemphigus ni indwara ikomeye ariko ishobora kuvurwa iterwa n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri isaba kwitabwaho n'abaganga no kwihangana mu gihe wowe n'itsinda ry'abaganga mubona uburyo bukwiye bwo kuvura. Hamwe n'ubuvuzi bukwiye, abantu benshi bashobora kugera ku gukira neza kandi bagakomeza ubuzima bwiza.

Ikintu cy'ingenzi mu gucunga neza ni ukumenya hakiri kare, kuvurwa buri gihe, no gukorana n'abaganga bumva iyi ndwara. Nubwo pemphigus ishobora kugaragara nk'ikibazo gikomeye, ibuka ko ubuvuzi burambuye buhari kandi abantu benshi babaho ubuzima buhamye, bakora ibikorwa byinshi mu gihe bacunga iyi ndwara.

Komeza guhuza n'itsinda ry'abaganga bawe, kurikiza gahunda yawe yo kuvura neza, kandi ntutinye kuvugana nabo iyo ufite ibibazo cyangwa impungenge. Mu gihe n'ubwitabire bukwiye, ushobora kumenya uko ugenzura pemphigus neza kandi ukibanda ku bintu bikubereye ingenzi.

Ibibazo byakenshi bibazwa kuri pemphigus

Q1: Pemphigus yandura?

Oya, pemphigus ntiyandura. Ntushobora kuyanduza undi muntu cyangwa kuyikwirakwiza ku bandi bantu binyuze mu mubano. Ni indwara iterwa n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri itera ubwirinzi bw'umubiri bugaba igitero ku ruhu rwawe, si indwara iterwa na bagiteri, virusi, cyangwa izindi mikorobe.

Q2: Pemphigus irashobora gukira burundu?

Ubu, nta muti wa pemphigus, ariko iyi ndwara ishobora guhagarikwa neza hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye. Abantu benshi bagera ku gukira igihe kirekire aho badafite ibimenyetso by'indwara mu mezi cyangwa imyaka myinshi. Bamwe bashobora kugabanya cyangwa guhagarika imiti yabo mu gihe bakomeza gukira, nubwo ibyo bisaba kwitabwaho na muganga.

Q3: Nzakenera kunywa imiti ubuzima bwanjye bwose?

Si ngombwa. Nubwo bamwe bakenera imiti igihe kirekire kugira ngo bagumane pemphigus, abandi bashobora kugabanya buhoro buhoro ubuvuzi bwabo hanyuma bagahagarika imiti mu gihe bagumye bakize. Ibyo ukeneye kuvurwa bizaterwa n'uko umubiri wawe uhangana n'ubuvuzi n'uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze.

Q4: Impinduka mu mirire zishobora gufasha kuri pemphigus?

Nubwo nta mirire yihariye ya pemphigus ishobora kuvura iyi ndwara, kurya neza bishobora gufasha ubuzima bwawe n'ubukire. Niba ufite ibisebe mu kanwa, kwirinda ibiryo byinshi, byuzuye acide, cyangwa bikomeye bishobora kugabanya ububabare. Bamwe basanga ibiryo bimwe na bimwe bigira uruhare mu gutera iyi ndwara, nubwo ibyo bitandukanye cyane ukurikije umuntu ku wundi.

Q5: Ni byiza gutwita niba mfite pemphigus?

Abagore benshi barwaye pemphigus bashobora gutwita neza, ariko bisaba gutegura neza no gukurikiranwa n'umuganga w'uruhu n'umuganga w'abagore. Imiti imwe ya pemphigus igomba guhinduka cyangwa guhindurwa mu gihe cyo gutwita, kandi ubuzima bwawe bushobora guhinduka mu gihe cyo gutwita nyuma yaho. Kugisha inama muganga wawe hakiri kare ni ingenzi mu gutegura.