Pericardite ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n'Uko Ivurwa

Pericardite ni iki?

Pericardite ni ububabare bw’umwijima (pericardium), umupfuka muto ukikijwe umutima wawe nk’umwenda w’ubwirinzi. Iyo uyu mupfuka ubaye ubabaye cyangwa ukaba warabyimbye, bishobora gutera ububabare mu gituza n’ibindi bimenyetso bishobora kukutera impungenge.

Tekereza kuri pericardium nk’ufite imiterere ibiri hamwe n’amazi make hagati yayo, bituma umutima wawe ukora neza. Iyo pericardite ibayeho, iyi miterere ishobora kubyimba igafata undi, ikaba itera ubushyuhe n’ububabare.

Urugero rwinshi rwa pericardite rworoshye kandi rukagenda rwivura ubwarwo uko bikwiye. Nubwo ibimenyetso bishobora kugaragara nk’ibitera ubwoba, cyane cyane ububabare mu gituza, pericardite ikunze kuba ishobora kuvurwa kandi ntabwo isanzwe itera ibibazo by’umutima mu gihe kirekire.

Ibimenyetso bya pericardite ni ibihe?

Ikimenyetso cy’ingenzi cya pericardite ni ububabare bukabije mu gituza, busanzwe bumva bubi iyo umuntu apfunyitse cyane, akororotse, cyangwa aryamye. Ubu bubabare busanzwe bugabanuka iyo wicaye ukagaramye imbere.

Reka turebe urugero rw’ibimenyetso ushobora kugira, tuzirikana ko atari buri wese uzabigira byose:

• Ububabare bukabije mu gituza bushobora kugera ku bitugu byawe by’ibumoso n’ikibuno
• Ububabare buzamuka iyo upfunyitse cyane, ukororotse, cyangwa uryamye
• Ubushyuhe buke (busanzwe munsi ya 38°C)
• Kumva unaniwe cyangwa unaniwe cyane
• Ukororoka utera umusego utera
• Gukubita kw’umutima kwihuta cyangwa kudakora neza
• Guhumeka nabi, cyane cyane iyo uryamye

Mu bindi bihe, ushobora kubona kubyimba mu maguru, mu birenge, cyangwa mu nda, nubwo ibi bidafite akamaro. Ububabare mu gituza bwo muri pericardite butandukanye n’ubwo mu ndwara y’umutima - busanzwe burakaze aho kuba buhanitse kandi buhinduka bitewe n’aho uri n’uko uhumeka.

Ubwoko bwa pericardite ni ubuhe?

Pericardite ishobora guklasifikwa mu buryo butandukanye hashingiwe ku buryo yihuse itera n’igihe imaze. Gusobanukirwa ubwoko bwabyo bishobora kugufasha kumenya icyo witeze ku kibazo cyawe.

Pericardite ikabije itera vuba kandi isanzwe imamara igihe kitageze ku mezi atatu. Ni yo mboneka cyane kandi isanzwe ivurwa neza n’imiti igabanya ububabare.

Pericardite ikaze imamara amezi arenga atatu kandi ishobora kuba ikomeye kuvura. Rimwe na rimwe itera buhoro buhoro utabona ibimenyetso byinshi mbere.

Pericardite isubiramo bivuze ko iyi ndwara isubira inyuma nyuma y’igihe runaka idahari. Ibi bibaho kuri 15-30% by’abantu barwaye pericardite ikabije, nubwo ikivurwa neza.

Hari kandi pericardite ihambanye, ubwoko buke ariko bukomeye aho imyenda y’ububabare ikwirakwira ku mutima, bigatuma bigoye umutima wawe kuzura amaraso neza. Ubwoko bukeneye ubuvuzi bukomeye.

Impamvu za pericardite ni izihe?

Mu bihe byinshi, abaganga ntibashobora kumenya impamvu nyayo ya pericardite, kandi ibi ni ibisanzwe. Iyo nta mpamvu igaragara, bita pericardite idafite impamvu, kandi isanzwe ivurwa neza n’ubuvuzi busanzwe.

Dore impamvu zisanzwe zizwi, kuva ku zikunze kugaragara ku zidafite akamaro:

• Indwara ziterwa na virusi nka grippe, ibicurane, cyangwa COVID-19
• Indwara ziterwa na bagiteri, nubwo zidafite akamaro kuruta iziterwa na virusi
• Igufatwa ry’umutima cyangwa kubagwa ku mutima (bishobora gutera ububabare)
• Indwara ziterwa n’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri nka lupus cyangwa rhumatoïde
• Imiti imwe, harimo imiti imwe igabanya amaraso
• Iguma mu gituza iterwa n’impanuka cyangwa imvune
• Iguma mu mpyiko cyangwa kuvurwa kwa dialyse
• Ubuvuzi bw’amiradiyo mu gituza

Zimwe mu mpamvu zidafite akamaro harimo indwara ya tuberculose, indwara ziterwa n’ibinyampeke, cyangwa kanseri zimwe na zimwe zikwirakwira kuri pericardium. Muganga wawe azagerageza kumenya impamvu yose, ariko ujye wibuka ko kuvurwa neza bishoboka nubwo impamvu itaboneka.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera pericardite?

Ukwiye gushaka ubuvuzi iyo ufite ububabare bushya kandi bukabije mu gituza, cyane cyane niba burakaze kandi bugakomeza iyo upfunyitse cyangwa uryamye. Nubwo pericardite isanzwe ishobora kuvurwa, ububabare mu gituza buhora busaba isuzuma ry’abaganga.

Hamagara muganga wawe vuba niba ufite ububabare mu gituza hamwe n’ubushyuhe, ugira ikibazo cyo guhumeka, cyangwa ukumva ugiye kugwa. Ibi bimenyetso hamwe bigaragaza ko ubu burwayi bukenera isuzuma n’ubuvuzi by’umwuga.

Shaka ubuvuzi bwihuse niba ufite ububabare bukabije mu gituza, guhumeka nabi cyane, kugwa, cyangwa niba ububabare mu gituza bumva butandukanye n’ibyo wabwiwe ko witeze muri pericardite. Ibi bishobora kugaragaza ingaruka zikenera ubuvuzi bwihuse.

Niba waravuwe pericardite kandi ibimenyetso byawe bikomeza cyangwa ibimenyetso bishya bigaragara, hamagara umuvuzi wawe. Bashobora guhindura gahunda yawe y’ubuvuzi kandi bakamenya ko ugerageza gukira nk’uko byitezwe.

Ibyago byo kwandura pericardite ni ibihe?

Ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kongera amahirwe yawe yo kwandura pericardite, nubwo ufite ibyo byago ntibisobanura ko uzayirwara. Kubyumva bishobora kugufasha kwita ku buzima bwawe.

Dore ibyago by’ingenzi, bikurikirana kuva ku bisanzwe ku bitagira akamaro:

• Kuba umugabo uri hagati y’imyaka 20-50 (pericardite iboneka cyane mu bagabo)
• Indwara ya virusi cyangwa indwara y’ubuhumekero iheruka
• Kugira indwara y’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri nka lupus cyangwa rhumatoïde
• Igufatwa ry’umutima cyangwa kubagwa ku mutima iheruka
• Kunywa imiti imwe, cyane cyane imiti imwe igabanya amaraso
• Kugira indwara y’impyiko cyangwa kuba uri kuri dialyse
• Ubuvuzi bw’amiradiyo mu gituza iheruka
• Kugira kanseri, cyane cyane kanseri y’ibihaha cyangwa kanseri y’amabere

Bamwe mu bantu barwara pericardite badafite ibyago byagaragaye, kandi ibyo ni ibisanzwe. Ubudahangarwa bwawe bw’umubiri n’ubuzima muri rusange bigira uruhare mu buryo umubiri wawe usubiza ibibazo bishoboka.

Ingaruka zishoboka za pericardite ni izihe?

Abantu benshi barwaye pericardite barakira neza nta kibazo gihoraho. Ariko rero, ni byiza gusobanukirwa ingaruka zishoboka kugira ngo umenye ibimenyetso by’uburiganya kandi ushake ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Ingaruka zisanzwe ni pericardite isubiramo, aho iyi ndwara isubira inyuma nyuma yo gukira. Ibi bibaho kuri 15-30% by’ibintu ariko bisanzwe bivurwa neza.

Ingaruka nke ariko zikomeye harimo:

• Pericardial effusion - amazi menshi yakusanyirijwe hafi y’umutima
• Cardiac tamponade - igitutu kibangamira umutima giterwa no kubyimba kw’amazi
• Pericardite ihambanye - imyenda y’ububabare ibuza umutima gukora
• Pericardite ikaze - ububabare burambye bugorana kuvura

Cardiac tamponade ni nke ariko ikeneye ubuvuzi bwihuse kuko ibuza umutima wawe kuzura amaraso neza. Ibimenyetso harimo guhumeka nabi cyane, gukubita kw’umutima kwihuta, no kumva ugiye kugwa.

Muganga wawe azakukurikirana kuri izi ngaruka binyuze mu buvuzi bw’inyongera, cyane cyane niba ufite ibimenyetso bikomeye cyangwa ntiwakiriye ubuvuzi bwa mbere nk’uko byitezwe.

Pericardite imenyekanwa gute?

Kumenya pericardite bitangira muganga wawe yumvise ibimenyetso byawe akakusuzuma. Azita ku buryo ububabare bwawe mu gituza bumeze kandi yumve umutima wawe akoresheje stethoscope.

Mu gihe cy’isuzuma, muganga wawe ashobora kumva pericardial friction rub - ijwi ry’ubushyuhe rikorwa iyo imiterere ya pericardium yabyimbye ifatanye. Iryo jwi ni ikimenyetso cy’ingenzi cyerekeza kuri pericardite.

Muganga wawe azakora ibizamini byinshi kugira ngo yemeze uburwayi kandi akureho izindi ndwara z’umutima:

• Electrocardiogram (ECG) kugira ngo arebe ibikorwa by’amashanyarazi y’umutima wawe
• X-ray y’igituza kugira ngo arebe ingano n’isura y’umutima wawe
• Ibizamini by’amaraso kugira ngo arebe ibimenyetso by’ububabare kandi akureho ibyago by’igufatwa ry’umutima
• Echocardiogram kugira ngo arebe uko umutima wawe ukora kandi arebe amazi

Rimwe na rimwe ibizamini byiyongereye nka CT scans cyangwa MRI bishobora kuba bikenewe niba ikibazo cyawe kigoye cyangwa niba hari ingaruka zikekwa. Ibi bizamini bifasha muganga wawe kubona amashusho y’umutima wawe na pericardium.

Ihuza ry’ibimenyetso byawe, ibyavuye mu isuzuma, n’ibyavuye mu bizamini bifasha muganga wawe gukora isuzuma ryiza kandi akagutegurira gahunda y’ubuvuzi ikubereye.

Uko pericardite ivurwa

Ubuvuzi bwa pericardite bugamije kugabanya ububabare no gucunga ububabare bwawe. Urugero rwinshi rusubiza neza imiti igabanya ububabare, kandi ushobora kwitega kumva umeze neza mu minsi mike cyangwa mu byumweru bike utangiye kuvurwa.

Ubuvuzi bwa mbere busanzwe burimo imiti igabanya ububabare idafite steroide (NSAIDs) nka ibuprofen cyangwa aspirine. Iyi miti ifasha kugabanya ububabare n’ububabare, ikemura ikibazo cy’ibimenyetso byawe.

Muganga wawe ashobora kandi kwandika colchicine, imiti ifasha gukumira ko pericardite isubira. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko kongeramo colchicine ku buvuzi bwa NSAID bigabanya ibyago byo gusubiramo.

Dore ibyo gahunda yawe y’ubuvuzi ishobora kuba irimo:

• NSAIDs (ibuprofen cyangwa aspirine) ifatwa buri gihe iminsi 1-2
• Colchicine kugira ngo ikumirwe gusubira, isanzwe igihe cy’amezi 3
• Ikiruhuko no guhindura ibikorwa mu gihe cy’ububabare bukabije
• Isuzuma ry’inyongera kugira ngo hagenzurwe aho ugeze

Niba pericardite yawe iterwa n’indwara y’abagiteri, uzakenera kandi antibiotike. Ku bihe bikomeye bidakira ubuvuzi busanzwe, muganga wawe ashobora gutekereza kuri corticoïdes, nubwo ikoreshwa bitonotanye.

Abantu benshi batangira kumva bameze neza mu minsi mike yo kuvurwa, nubwo gukira burundu bishobora gufata ibyumweru byinshi. Muganga wawe azahindura imiti yawe hashingiwe ku buryo usubiza n’ingaruka zose uba ufite.

Uko wakwitwara murugo

Kwita kuri wewe murugo bigira uruhare mu gukira kwawe kwa pericardite. Uburyo bukwiye bwo kwita kuri wewe bugufasha kumva umeze neza mu gihe umubiri wawe ukomeza gukira.

Ikiruhuko ni ingenzi mu gihe cy’ububabare bukabije bwa pericardite. Ibi bivuze kwirinda imyitozo ikomeye, imirimo ikomeye, cyangwa ibikorwa byongera ububabare bwawe mu gituza. Tega amatwi umubiri wawe kandi ntukomeze ububabare.

Fata imiti yawe nk’uko yanditswe, nubwo utangiye kumva umeze neza. Guhagarika imiti igabanya ububabare hakiri kare bishobora gutera ko ibimenyetso bisubira cyangwa ingaruka.

Dore ingamba zifasha zo kwita murugo:

• Shyira ubushyuhe cyangwa ubukonje mu gituza cyawe, icyo cyumvikana neza
• Ryama utwikiriye umutwe kugira ngo ugabanye ububabare mu gituza
• Kora imyitozo yo guhumeka buhoro buhoro niba bidakomeza ububabare bwawe
• Nywa amazi ahagije kandi urye ibiryo biringaniye kugira ngo ufashe gukira
• Irinde inzoga mugihe unywa imiti
• Komeza kwita ku bimenyetso byawe kugira ngo ubibwire muganga wawe

Urashobora gusubira mu mirimo yawe isanzwe uko ibimenyetso byawe bigenda bigabanuka, ariko wirinda imyitozo ikomeye kugeza muganga wawe aguhaye uruhushya. Abantu benshi bashobora gusubira mu mirimo yoroheje mu cyumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri.

Hamagara muganga wawe niba ibimenyetso byawe bikomeza, ufite ibimenyetso bishya, cyangwa ufite impungenge ku miti yawe cyangwa ku iterambere ry’ubuvuzi.

Uko pericardite yakumirwa

Nubwo udashobora gukumira ibintu byose bya pericardite, cyane cyane ibituruka ku mpamvu zitazwi, hari intambwe ushobora gutera kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kwandura iyi ndwara.

Kugira ubuzima bwiza muri rusange ni cyo kintu cyiza cyane. Ibi birimo gusinzira bihagije, kurya indyo yuzuye, gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe, no gucunga umunaniro neza.

Kora isuku nziza kugira ngo wirinde indwara ziterwa na virusi na bagiteri zishobora gutera pericardite. Kwoza intoki kenshi, kwirinda kwegera abantu barwaye iyo bishoboka, no gukurikiza inkingo zigenewe.

Niba ufite indwara y’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri, korana n’umuganga wawe kugira ngo uyicunge neza. Gucunga neza indwara ziriho bishobora kugabanya ibyago by’ingaruka nka pericardite.

Ku bantu barwaye pericardite mbere, gufata colchicine nk’uko muganga wawe yabitegetse bishobora gufasha gukumira gusubiramo. Ntuhagarike iyi miti utabanje kubiganiraho n’umuvuzi wawe.

Niba uri mu kaga kubera indwara y’umutima, ibibazo by’impyiko, cyangwa izindi ndwara, komeza kuvugana n’abaganga bawe kandi ubabwire ibimenyetso bishya vuba.

Uko wakwitegura gusura muganga

Kwitunganya kugira ngo ujye kwa muganga bishobora gufasha kugira ngo ubone isuzuma ryiza kandi gahunda y’ubuvuzi ikubereye. Gutegura neza bigufasha kandi kumva ufite icyizere kandi utari impungenge ku ruzinduko rwawe.

Andika ibimenyetso byawe byose, harimo igihe byatangiye, icyabikiza cyangwa kibikomeza, n’uko byahindutse uko igihe kigenda. Jya ugaragaza ububabare bwawe mu gituza - usobanure aho buri, uko bumeze, n’ibibitera.

Zana urutonde rwuzuye rw’imiti yose ukoresha ubu, harimo imiti yo mu maduka, imiti y’inyongera, n’imiti y’ibimera. Bandika kandi allergie z’imiti cyangwa ingaruka mbi waba waragize mu gihe gishize.

Dore ibyo wakwitegura mbere y’uruzinduko rwawe:

• Urutonde rw’ibimenyetso biriho hamwe n’amatariki n’ibisobanuro
• Urutonde rwuzuye rw’imiti hamwe n’umwanya
• Amateka y’ubuzima harimo indwara cyangwa ibyabaga biheruka
• Amateka y’umuryango w’indwara y’umutima cyangwa indwara ziterwa n’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri
• Urutonde rw’ibibazo ushaka kubabaza muganga wawe
• Amakuru y’ubwishingizi n’ibyangombwa by’inyongera niba bikenewe

Tegereza kuzana inshuti cyangwa umuryango wawe kugira ngo aguhe inkunga mu gihe cy’ikiganiro. Bashobora kandi gutanga inkunga mu gihe cy’igihe gishobora kuba kigoye.

Ntuzuyaze kubabaza ibibazo ku burwayi bwawe, uburyo bwo kuvura, igihe cyo gukira, n’impinduka z’imibereho ukwiye gukora. Muganga wawe arashaka kugufasha gusobanukirwa uburwayi bwawe neza.

Icyingenzi kuri pericardite

Pericardite, nubwo itera impungenge iyo ufite ububabare mu gituza, isanzwe ari indwara ishobora kuvurwa ifite ibyiza ku bantu benshi. Ububabare bukabije mu gituza buzamuka iyo uhumeka cyangwa uryamye ni bwo bimenyetso nyamukuru butuma abantu bajya kwa muganga.

Urugero rwinshi rusubiza neza imiti igabanya ububabare nka ibuprofen ifatanye na colchicine, kandi ushobora kwitega kumva umeze neza mu minsi mike cyangwa mu byumweru bike utangiye kuvurwa. Ikintu nyamukuru ni ugufata isuzuma ry’abaganga no gukurikiza gahunda yawe y’ubuvuzi buri gihe.

Nubwo pericardite ishobora gusubira mu bantu bamwe, ndetse n’ibintu bisubiramo bivurwa neza hamwe no guhindura imiti. Ingaruka zikomeye ni nke, cyane cyane hamwe n’ubuvuzi bukwiye no gukurikirana.

Wibuke ko kugira ububabare mu gituza ntibisobanura ko hari ikintu kibangamira umutima wawe. Pericardite ikunze guterwa n’ibintu bisanzwe nka virusi kandi ikirwara neza hamwe n’ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Komeza kuvugana n’umuvuzi wawe mu gihe cyo gukira, fata imiti nk’uko yanditswe, kandi usubire mu mirimo yawe isanzwe uko ibimenyetso byawe bigenda bigabanuka. Hamwe n’ubuvuzi bukwiye, abantu benshi barwaye pericardite barakira neza kandi basubira mu buzima bwabo busanzwe, bukora.

Ibibazo byakunze kubaho kuri pericardite

Ese pericardite ishobora gutera i gufatwa ry’umutima?

Pericardite ubwayo ntigatera i gufatwa ry’umutima, ariko ububabare mu gituza bushobora kumera kimwe kandi bugatera impungenge. Pericardite igaragaza ububabare bw’uruhande rw’umutima, mu gihe i gufatwa ry’umutima bibaho iyo amaraso ajya ku mitsi y’umutima atabonetse. Ariko rero, kugira i gufatwa ry’umutima rimwe na rimwe bishobora gutera pericardite nk’indwara yiyongereye. Niba ufite ububabare mu gituza, bihora ari ngombwa gushaka isuzuma ry’abaganga kugira ngo bamenye impamvu nyayo.

Pericardite imara igihe kingana iki?

Pericardite ikabije isanzwe imara ibyumweru 1-3 hamwe n’ubuvuzi bukwiye, nubwo bamwe bumva bameze neza mu minsi mike batangiye imiti igabanya ububabare. Gukira burundu kwa pericardium bishobora gufata ibyumweru byinshi kugeza ku mezi make. Hagati ya 15-30% by’abantu bagira ibintu bisubiramo, ariko ibyo bivurwa. Pericardite ikaze, idakunze kugaragara, ishobora guhoraho amezi menshi kandi ikeneye ubuvuzi buhoraho.

Ese pericardite yandura?

Pericardite ubwayo ntiyandura - ntushobora kuyikura ku muntu uyirwaye. Ariko rero, niba pericardite iterwa n’indwara ya virusi nka grippe cyangwa ibicurane, iyo ndwara ishobora kwandura. Pericardite itera nk’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri busubiza iyo ndwara, atari uko iyi ndwara y’umutima yandura.

Ese nshobora gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri mfite pericardite?

Ukwiye kwirinda imyitozo ikomeye n’imikino mu gihe cy’ububabare bukabije bwa pericardite, isanzwe igihe cy’amezi 3-6 cyangwa kugeza muganga wawe aguhaye uruhushya. Ibikorwa byoroheje nko kugenda buhoro buhoro bisanzwe byemerewe niba bidakomeza ububabare bwawe mu gituza. Gusubira mu myitozo ikomeye hakiri kare bishobora kongera ibyago by’ingaruka cyangwa gusubiramo. Umuganga wawe uzakuyobora igihe ari cyo cyiza cyo gusubira mu myitozo yawe isanzwe.

Ese pericardite izagaragara kuri EKG?

Yego, pericardite ikunze kugaragaza impinduka kuri electrocardiogram (EKG), cyane cyane mu ntangiriro. Izi mpinduka harimo ST-elevation ikwirakwira ku miterere myinshi, isa n’itandukanye n’ishusho iboneka mu gufatwa ry’umutima. Ariko rero, atari ibintu byose bya pericardite bigaragaza impinduka za EKG, kandi bamwe bashobora kugira EKG isanzwe nubwo bafite iyi ndwara. Muganga wawe azakoresha ibyavuye muri EKG hamwe n’ibimenyetso byawe, isuzuma, n’ibindi bizamini kugira ngo akore isuzuma.