Icyo Ibyorezo Aricyo: Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n'Umuti

Ibyorezo ni indwara ikomeye iterwa na bagiteri Yersinia pestis, mikorobe ikunda gukwirakwira binyuze mu ndwara zanduye n'imbeba. Nubwo ijambo “ibyorezo” rishobora kuzana mu mutwe ibyorezo byakomereye abantu mu mateka, ibyorezo byo muri iki gihe bivurwa neza n'imiti ya kijyambere yo kurwanya bagiteri iyo byafashwe hakiri kare.

Iyi ndwara ya kera iracyagaragara mu bice bito ku isi hose, harimo n'ibice bimwe na bimwe byo mu burengerazuba bw'Amerika. Gusobanukirwa ibyorezo bigufasha kumenya ibimenyetso hakiri kare no gushaka ubuvuzi bwihuse, ibyo bigatuma abantu benshi bakira neza.

Icyo ibyorezo aricyo?

Ibyorezo ni indwara iterwa na bagiteri ikubita imiyoboro y'amaraso, ibihaha, cyangwa amaraso bitewe n'uburyo bagiteri yinjira mu mubiri wawe. Bagiteri imwe yateje ibyorezo byakomereye abantu mu mateka ubu ivurwa neza n'imiti isanzwe yo kurwanya bagiteri nka streptomycin na doxycycline.

Ubu, abantu barwara ibyorezo ni bake cyane, ariko biracyabaho, hafi abantu 1 kugeza kuri 17 barwara buri mwaka muri Amerika. Abenshi bandura baba batuye mu bice by'icyaro byo mu burengerazuba bw'epfo, cyane cyane muri New Mexico, Arizona na Colorado.

Bagiteri iba mu bwoko bw'imbeba zo mu gasozi nka prairie dogs, ground squirrels na chipmunks. Ibinyamugongo birwara iyo byanduye izi nyamaswa, hanyuma bishobora kwanduza abantu binyuze mu kuruma.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ibyorezo?

Ibyorezo bigaragara mu buryo butatu nyamukuru, buri bwoko bugira ingaruka ku bice bitandukanye by'umubiri wawe. Ubwoko ubona biterwa n'uburyo bagiteri yinjira mu mubiri wawe n'aho itangirira kwicara.

Ibyorezo bya bubonic ni bwo bwoko busanzwe, bugize hafi 80-95% by'abanduye bose. Bigaragara iyo ibinyamugongo byanduye bikuruma, bigatuma bagiteri yicara mu miyoboro yawe y'amaraso. Iyo miyoboro iba nk'ibibyimba bibabaza, bikunze kugaragara mu gice cy'imboro, munsi y'amaboko, cyangwa mu ijosi.

Ibyorezo bya Pneumonique bigira ku bihaha kandi ni bwo buryo bukomeye cyane. Ushobora kurwara ubwo buryo uhindukiye utuyigo twanduye duturuka ku guhumeka umwuka umuntu arwaye asohotse mu kanwa, cyangwa iyo mikrobiteri y’ibyorezo bya bubonique ikwirakwira mu bihaha byawe. Ubwo buryo bwandura umuntu ku wundi kandi busaba kuvurwa vuba.

Ibyorezo bya Septicemic bibaho iyo mikrobiteri yiyongera mu maraso yawe. Ibi bishobora kubaho nk’ubwandu bwa mbere buturuka ku kurumwa n’ikinyugunyugu cyangwa ibindi binyabuzima byanduye, cyangwa ibindi binyabuzima byanduye, cyangwa iyo izindi mpande z’ibyorezo bikwirakwira mu mubiri wawe. Utabonye ubuvuzi, ubwo buryo bushobora kwihutira kuba ubwo bugira akaga ku buzima.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by’ibyorezo?

Ibimenyetso by’ibyorezo bigaragara mu minsi 1 kugeza kuri 6 nyuma yo kwandura inyenzi cyangwa inyamaswa zanduye. Kumenya hakiri kare bifasha mu kuvurwa vuba, ibyo bikongerera amahirwe yo gukira.

Reka turebe ibimenyetso ushobora kugira kuri buri bwoko, tuzirikana ko kuvurwa hakiri kare bigira ingaruka nziza:

Ibimenyetso by’ibyorezo bya Bubonique birimo:

• Umuhango utunguranye, ukunze kugera kuri 101°F cyangwa hejuru
• Uburwayi bukomeye bw’umutwe budakira neza imiti yo kurwanya ububabare igurwa mu maduka
• Urubavu rw’amagufwa rwabyimbye, rwumva rushyuha kandi rukomeretsa
• Iguhuha n’ububabare bw’imikaya mu mubiri wawe wose
• Uburwayi bukabije butuma ibikorwa bya buri munsi bigorana
• Isesemi no kuruka mu bindi bihe

Urubavu rw’amagufwa rwabyimbye rukunze kuba ikimenyetso cy’ibyorezo bya bubonique. Iyo rubavu rukunze kugaragara ahantu hafi aho wakomeretse - mu kibuno niba wakomeretse ku kuguru, mu gituza niba wakomeretse ku kuboko.

Ibimenyetso by’ibyorezo bya Pneumonique birimo:

• Umuhango mwinshi n’igiguhuha
• Inkorora ikomeye ishobora gukuraho ibinyabutabire by’amaraso cyangwa amazi
• Gukomeretsa guhumeka cyangwa guhumeka nabi
• Ububabare bwo mu gituza, cyane cyane iyo uhumeka cyane
• Guhumeka no gutera umutima byihuse
• Uburwayi bw’umutwe n’intege nke z’imikaya

Ibyorezo bya pulmoniya bishobora kuza vuba cyane, rimwe na rimwe bikagenda mu masaha make. Inkorora n’uburyo bugoranye bwo guhumeka ni byo bibitandukanya n’ibyorezo bya bubonic, nubwo bamwe bagira ubwo buryo bombi icyarimwe.

Ibimenyetso by’ibyorezo bya septicemic birimo:

• Umuriro mwinshi n’ubukonje bukabije
• Kubabara cyane mu nda
• Kubisamira, kuruka, no kuribwa
• Kuva amaraso munsi y’uruhu, bigatera ibibara byijimye
• Gucika intege n’ikibazo cy’imikorere y’ingingo mu bihe bikomeye
• Uburwayi cyangwa guhinduka mu mutwe

Ibyorezo bya septicemic bishobora kugorana kubimenya mu ntangiriro kuko bidatera ibibara byuzuye by’amasasu ya lymph. Kuva amaraso munsi y’uruhu bibaho kuko udukoko tugira ingaruka ku bushobozi bw’amaraso bwo gukomera neza.

Icyateza ibyorezo?

Ibyorezo biba iyo bakteria ya Yersinia pestis yinjiye mu mubiri wawe, akenshi binyuze mu kurumwa n’udusimba twanduye. Ubu bakteria butembera mu buryo busanzwe mu turere tw’inyamaswa zo mu gasozi mu bice byinshi by’isi, bigatuma abahanga mu bya siyansi bita “inzira za enzootic”.

Gusobanukirwa uko ibyorezo bikwirakwira bigufasha gufata ingamba zikwiye, cyane cyane niba utuye cyangwa usura ahantu ibyorezo biba bisanzwe:

Kurumwa n’udusimba ni byo bituma abantu benshi bandura ibyorezo. Udusimba turwara iyo dufata ibiryo ku nyamaswa zanduye nka prairie dogs, ground squirrels, imbeba, cyangwa chipmunks. Iyo udusimba twanduye dukomye abantu, dushobora kohereza udukoko binyuze mu mumaso yadwo.

Guhuza n’inyamaswa zanduye bishobora kandi gukwirakwiza ibyorezo. Abavuga, abaveterineri, cyangwa ba nyir’amatungo bashobora kwandura binyuze mu bikomere cyangwa ibikomere iyo bafata inyamaswa zanduye. Nubwo inyamaswa zipfuye zishobora kuguma zanduye igihe runaka.

Udukoko tw’ubuhumekero dutuma icyorezo cya pneumonie gikwirakwira kuva ku muntu ku wundi. Iyo umuntu urwaye pneumonie akose cyangwa agasama, arekura utudodo twanduye baketeri abandi bashobora guhumeka. Iyi ni yo nzira yonyine icyorezo gikwirakwira hagati y’abantu.

Uburyo bwo kwandura buke burimo kurya inyama zitetse nabi z’inyamaswa zanduye cyangwa baketeri bakinjira mu kibyimba gifunguye. Izi nzira si zo zisanzwe ariko zishobora kubaho mu turere icyorezo cy’igicurane kiba cyaragaragaye.

Baketeri bakunda ubukonje, ahantu hacye, ibi bisobanura impamvu abantu barwara igicurane bakunda kwiyongera mu mezi akonje cyangwa mu turere tw’imisozi miremire. Isuku igezweho n’uburyo bwo kurwanya indwara byagabanije cyane ikwirakwira ry’icyorezo ugereranyije n’ibyorezo byabaye mu mateka.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera icyorezo?

Wagomba gushaka ubufasha bwa muganga ako kanya niba ufite umuriro utunguranye, ububabare bukomeye bw’umutwe, n’ibibyimba by’ingingo, cyane cyane nyuma yo gushobora kwandura inshundura cyangwa imbeba mu turere icyorezo cy’igicurane kiba cyaragaragaye. Ivuriro rya hakiri kare mu masaha 24 nyuma y’ibimenyetso bigaragara ritanga umusaruro mwiza.

Ntugatege amatwi niba ufite ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose cy’umuriro mwinshi, ububabare bukomeye bw’umutwe, n’ingingo zibyimba zibabaza nyuma yo kumara igihe hanze mu turere tuzwiho icyorezo. Ibi bimenyetso bisaba isuzuma ryihuse, nubwo utazi neza ko wanduye.

Shaka ubufasha bwihuse bw’ubuvuzi ako kanya niba ufite ibimenyetso bya pneumonie nka kohosekera bikomeye bifite amaraso, ugira ikibazo cyo guhumeka, cyangwa ububabare bwo mu gituza. Pneumonie itera vuba kandi isaba ko uvurwa ako kanya hakoreshejwe imiti igabanya ubukana kugira ngo hirindwe ingaruka zikomeye.

Hamagara muganga wawe niba warahuriye n’inyamaswa zirwaye cyangwa zapfuye mu turere dufite icyorezo, nubwo udafite ibimenyetso. Umuganga wawe ashobora kugutegurira imiti igabanya ubukana bitewe n’uburyo wanduye n’ibikorwa by’icyorezo muri ako karere.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago byo kwandura icyorezo?

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera amahirwe yo guhura na bakteriya itera icyorezo. Gusobanukirwa ibyo bibazo bigufasha gufata ingamba zikwiye utabangamiwe ibyo utifuza.

Ibyago byawe byiyongera bitewe n’aho utuye, aho ukora, n’aho umara igihe cyo kwidagadura:

Aho uherereye ni cyo kintu gikomeye cyane mu byago by’icyorezo. Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, abenshi barwara mu bice by’icyaro bya New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, California, Oregon, na Nevada. Ku rwego mpuzamahanga, icyorezo kiboneka mu bice bya Afurika, Aziya, na Amerika y’Epfo.

Ibikorwa byo hanze mu turere twandujwe byongera ibyago byo kwandura. Kurara mu ihema, kujya mu birunga, guhiga, n’ibindi bikorwa byo hanze mu turere dutuwe n’imbeba nyinshi bishobora gutuma uhura n’inzige zandujwe.

Akaga ko mu kazi kagira ingaruka ku mwuga runaka kurusha indi. Abadogiteri b’amatungo, abahanga mu by’ubuzima bw’inyamaswa, abakozi bashinzwe kurwanya indwara, n’abakozi ba laboratwari bakorana n’inyamaswa cyangwa ibipimo bya bakteriya bafite ibyago byinshi.

Gutunga amatungo rimwe na rimwe bishobora kongera ibyago, cyane cyane niba ibyinyo byawe bihiga imbeba mu turere twandujwe. Ibyinyo bifite ubushobozi bwo kwandura icyorezo kandi bishobora kubwanduza abantu binyuze mu kuruma, gukomeretsa, cyangwa imyuka yo mu myanya y’ubuhumekero.

Ukutagira isuku nziza y’inzige mu rugo rwawe biha amahirwe yo kwandura. Uturere dutuwe n’imbeba nyinshi kandi tudafite uburyo bwo kurwanya indwara, harimo abarwaye icyorezo benshi.

Imyaka igaragaza ko abantu barengeje imyaka 50 n’abana bari munsi y’imyaka 15 bafite ibyago bike kurusha abandi, nubwo icyorezo gishobora kwandura umuntu uwo ari we wese, uwo ari we wese. Ibi bishobora kuba bifitanye isano n’imikorere yo hanze n’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri.

Kugira ibyo bibazo ntibisobanura ko uzandura icyorezo. Abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni batuye kandi bakora ibikorwa mu turere twandujwe icyorezo batandura, cyane cyane iyo bafashe ingamba z’ibanze.

Ese ibibazo bishoboka by’icyorezo ni ibihe?

Nubwo imiti ya kijyambere irwanya indwara ya peste ikora neza iyo itangiwe hakiri kare, kuyitinda bishobora gutera ingaruka zikomeye. Gusobanukirwa izi ngaruka zishoboka bigaragaza akamaro ko kuvurwa vuba.

Reka turebe icyaba kibaye iyo peste idakuweho cyangwa ivurwa nyuma y’igihe:

Ishoke y’amaraso (Septic shock) ishobora kuza iyo udukoko twinshi two mu maraso. Ibi bituma umuvuduko w’amaraso ugabanuka cyane, bigatuma amaraso atagera ku bice by’ingenzi by’umubiri. Iyo havuwe neza, iyi ngaruka irashobora kwirindwa mu bihe byinshi.

Kubura ubushobozi bwo guhumeka (Respiratory failure) bishobora kubaho mu ndwara ya peste yibasiye ibihumekero, cyane cyane iyo ivurwa nyuma y’igihe. Ubwandu bushobora kwangiza cyane imyanya y’ubuhumekero, bigatuma bihumeka bigorana.

Umuhondo (Meningitis) bibaho gake iyo udukoko twa peste tugera ku ruhu rw’ubwonko n’umugongo. Ibi bituma umuntu arwara umutwe cyane, akagira ijosi ridafite, akagira n’ihungabana ry’ubwenge bikaba bisaba kuvurwa vuba cyane.

Kwibasirwa kw’ingingo (Organ damage) bishobora kwibasira impyiko, umwijima, cyangwa umutima iyo udukoko dutembera mu maraso. Kuvurwa hakiri kare bisanzwe birinda iyi ngaruka.

Urupfu rushobora kubaho iyo peste idakuweho, cyane cyane iyo ari iya septicemic cyangwa pneumonic. Ariko kandi, umubare w’abapfa uragabanuka cyane iyo havuwe hakiri kare - kuva hejuru ya 50% iyo itabonetse ku munsi kugeza munsi ya 5% iyo ivuwe hakiri kare.

Ingaruka zidashimishije (Rare complications) zirimo indwara z’amaraso, zishobora gutera ikibazo cyo kuva amaraso cyangwa imikaya mibi. Bamwe barwara izindi ndwara ziterwa n’udukoko mu gihe ubudahangarwa bwabo buhanganye na peste.

Ubutumwa nyamukuru hano ni uko ibyo bibazo byinshi bishobora kwirindwa hakiri kare bimenyekanye kandi bikavurwa. Ubuvuzi bugezweho bwahinduye icyorezo kuva ku ndwara yahoraga ihitana abantu benshi ikaba indwara ivurwa neza iyo imenyekanye vuba.

Uko icyorezo cyakwirindwa

Ushobora kugabanya cyane ibyago byo kwandura icyorezo ukoresheje uburyo bworoshye bwo kwirinda. Ibyo buryo byibanda ku kwirinda guhura n’inzige n’imbeba zanduye aho kugabanya ibikorwa byawe hanze.

Dore uburyo bwiza bwo kwirinda wowe n’umuryango wawe:

Kwirinda inzige mu rugo rwawe ukoresheje imiti yemewe n’abaganga yo kwirinda inzige ku nyamaswa zawe. Komereza ubusitani bwawe butarangwamo imyanda aho imbeba zishobora kubaka ibyari byazo, kandi utekereze ku guhamagara abahanga mu kwirinda ibyonnyi niba ubona ko imbeba ziyongereye.

Kwima amatsiko yo guhura n’imbeba, cyane cyane izirwaye cyangwa izapfuye. Niba ugomba gufata inyamaswa yapfuye, bambara utwo kwambara intoki hanyuma ukarabe intoki neza nyuma yaho. Ntuzigere ukora ku mbeba ukoresheje intoki zidafite utwo kwambara, kabone nubwo zasa n’izimeze neza.

Koresha imiti yo kwirinda inyenzi irimo DEET iyo umaze igihe kinini hanze mu turere twandura icyorezo. Suka iyo miti ku ruhu rugaragara no ku myenda, ukurikize amabwiriza yo kuyikoresha neza.

Kwambara imyenda ikwirinda mu gihe uri hanze mu turere tuzwiho icyorezo. Imyenda miremire yinjizwa mu masogisi n’inkweto zifunze bigabanya uko uruhu rwawe rwahura n’inzige.

Komeza aho uca ibiruhuko hameze neza iyo uri mu biruhuko mu turere twandura icyorezo. Kubika ibiryo neza, jya uhindura imyanda vuba, kandi wirinda guca ibiruhuko hafi y’imyobo y’imbeba cyangwa aho zikorerera.

Kwirinda inyamaswa zawe ukoresheje kwirinda inzige buri gihe no kuzirinda. Nturetse ibyamamare guhiga imbeba mu turere twandura icyorezo, kandi shaka ubufasha bw’abaganga b’amatungo niba inyamaswa zawe zirwaye nyuma yo guhura n’icyorezo.

Menyesha abayobozi b’ubuzima bo mu gace utuyemo iby’urupfu rw’inyamaswa rudasanzwe. Urupfu rutunguranye rw’imbogo cyangwa izindi nyamaswa nto zishobora kugaragaza ko hari icyorezo cy’igituntu muri ako gace.

Ibi bintu byo kwirinda biroroshye kandi ntibigomba kugabanya ibyishimo byanyu mu bikorwa byo hanze. Intego ni ukugabanya ibyago mu gihe musigaye mu mibereho yanyu isanzwe mu turere igituntu kiba gisanzwe.

Igituntu kivurwa gute?

Abaganga bavura igituntu hakoreshejwe ibizamini bya laboratwari hamwe n’ibimenyetso byawe n’amateka y’uko wahuye nacyo. Gupima vuba ni ingenzi kuko kuvurwa hakiri kare byongera cyane ibyiza.

Umuganga wawe azatangira akubaza ibyo wakoze vuba aha, ingendo zawe, n’aho wahuriye n’inyamaswa cyangwa inzige. Aya makuru afasha kumenya niba gupima igituntu ari ngombwa n’ubwoko bw’ibipimo bikenewe.

Ibizamini by’amaraso bishobora kugaragaza udukoko tw’igituntu cyangwa antikorps umubiri wawe utanga mu gusubiza ubwandu. Muganga wawe ashobora gutegeka ko hakorwa ubukonje bw’amaraso kugira ngo bakuremo udukoko muri laboratwari, ibyo bishobora gufata amasaha 24-48 kugira ngo ibisubizo biboneke.

Ibyeretswe by’ingingo z’umwijima ni bwo buryo bworoshye bwo kuvura igituntu cya bubonic. Hakoreshwa umugozi muto, abaganga bashobora gukuramo amazi mu ngingo z’umwijima zibyimba kugira ngo barebe muri mikoroskopi kandi bapime udukoko.

Ibizamini by’amashyira bifasha kuvura igituntu cya pneumonic harebwa umusemburo usohora. Abakozi ba laboratwari bareba udukoko tw’igituntu bakoresheje amabara yihariye n’uburyo bwo gukura.

Ibizamini byihuse byo kuvura bishobora gutanga ibisubizo by’ibanze mu masaha make. Ibi bizamini bishobora kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’igituntu cyangwa ibintu by’umutungo, nubwo hakiri ngombwa kwemeza uburyo bwa kera bwo guhinga udukoko.

Ibizamini byateye imbere birimo ibizamini bya PCR (polymerase chain reaction) bishobora kumenya ADN y’igituntu vuba kandi neza. Laboratwari zimwe na zimwe zishobora gukora ibi bizamini mu masaha make.

Muganga wawe ashobora gutangira kuvura indwara ya antibiyotike mbere yuko ibisubizo byo gupima bigaragara niba ibimenyetso byawe n’amateka y’uko wahuriye n’indwara bigaragaza neza ko ufite icyorezo. Ubu buryo bufasha kuzigama igihe gikomeye kandi ntibuhangana n’ibipimo byinshi byo gupima.

Wibuke ko gupima icyorezo ari ibintu byihariye kandi bishobora gusaba kohereza ibipimo mu bigo by’ubuvuzi by’igihugu cyangwa igihugu. Ibitaro byo mu gace utuyemo bifasha muri uyu murimo kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwiza bwo kubikora no kubona ibisubizo vuba.

Ni iki kivura icyorezo?

Icyorezo kivurwa neza n’antibiyotike nyinshi zisanzwe ikoreshwa iyo uvuwe vuba. Ikintu nyamukuru ni ugutangira gufata antibiyotike mu masaha 24 nyuma y’aho ibimenyetso bigaragaye kugira ngo ubone umusaruro mwiza.

Uburyo bwo kuvura buzaterwa n’ubwoko bw’icyorezo ufite n’igihe watangiye kuvurwa:

Streptomycin iracyari antibiyotike nziza yo kuvura icyorezo. Itera mu gikomere, ica burundu bagiteri y’icyorezo kandi imaze imyaka myinshi igaragaza ko ikora. Abantu benshi bafata iyi antibiyotike mu gihe cy’iminsi 7-10.

Gentamicin ni ubundi buryo iyo streptomycin itaboneka. Iyi antibiyotike iterwa mu mwijima kandi ikora kimwe na streptomycin ifite ingano y’imikorere isa.

Doxycycline ifatwa mu kanwa, bityo ikaba ifitiye akamaro mu bihe bidakomeye cyangwa iyo antibiyotike ziterwa mu gikomere zitakora. Muganga wawe ashobora kuyandika mu gihe cy’iminsi 10-14, kandi ikunze gukoreshwa mu gukumira icyorezo nyuma yo guhura nacyo.

Ciprofloxacin ni ubundi buryo bwo gufata mu kanwa bukora neza kuri bagiteri y’icyorezo. Ifitiye akamaro cyane abantu badashobora gufata doxycycline kubera allergie cyangwa imiti ibandi.

Chloramphenicol ishobora guhitwa mu gihe cy’indwara y’ubwonko iterwa n’icyorezo kuko igera neza mu bwonko. Ariko kandi, abaganga bakoresha iyi antibiyotike mu bihe bimwe na bimwe kubera ingaruka mbi zishobora kubaho.

Ubuvuzi bukoresha imiti myinshi bukoreshwa rimwe na rimwe mu ndwara zikomeye, cyane cyane icyorezo cy’ibihaha cyangwa icyorezo cyo mu maraso. Muganga wawe ashobora kwandika imiti ibiri ya antibiyotike hamwe kugira ngo habeho ubuvuzi bufite akamaro cyane.

Abantu benshi batangira kumva barushaho kumererwa neza mu minsi 2-3 nyuma yo gutangira gufata antibiyotike. Ubusanzwe umuriro uba uhagaritse mu masaha 48, kandi ibinyamisoro byuzuye bigenda bigabanuka mu gihe cy’iminsi cyangwa ibyumweru.

Niba ufite icyorezo cy’ibihaha, ukeneye guhita uba wenyine mu masaha 48 ya mbere y’ubuvuzi kugira ngo wirinde kwanduza abandi. Nyuma y’iki gihe, ntabwo ukiba ufite uburwayi.

Nigute wakwita ku bimenyetso by’icyorezo mu rugo?

Kwita ku cyorezo mu rugo bibanda ku gutera imbaraga ubuvuzi bwawe mugihe ufata antibiyotike watanzwe. Ntugerageze kuvura icyorezo ukoresheje imiti gakondo gusa - antibiyotike ni ingenzi kugira ngo ubashe kurokoka.

Dore uko ushobora gutera imbaraga ubuvuzi bwawe hamwe n’ubuvuzi bwa muganga:

Iruhukira rwose mu gihe cy’uburwayi bukomeye. Umubiri wawe ukeneye imbaraga zo kurwanya ubwandu, rero wirinde akazi, imyitozo ngororamubiri, n’ibikorwa bidakenewe kugeza igihe muganga yawe akuwemereye.

Komeza wishire amazi anywa amazi menshi meza nkamazi, umuyoboro, cyangwa ibisubizo bya electrolytes. Umuriro n’umunyu bishobora gutera kuzimangana, bigatinda gukira.

Genzura umuriro ukoresheje acetaminophen cyangwa ibuprofen nk’uko umuvuzi wawe abigutegetse. Ntugerageze guhagarika umuriro rwose, kuko bifasha ubudahangarwa bwawe kurwanya ubwandu.

Shyiraho ibintu bishyushye ku binyamamisoro byuzuye kugira ngo bigabanye ububabare. Koresha igitambaro gito, gishyushye iminota 10-15 incuro nyinshi ku munsi. Ntugerageze gukuraho cyangwa gutobora ibinyamisoro byuzuye wenyine.

Funga ibiryo biryoshye, byuzuye intungamubiri iyo wumva ubifitiye ubushobozi. Funga ibintu byoroshye kunywa nka sope, bisikite, cyangwa toasi. Ntukabe umerewe nabi niba ubushake bwawe buke - buzagaruka uko ukize.

Fata imiti igabanya udukoko nk’uko wagenewe, naho waba umaze kuruhuka. Guhagarika imiti igabanya udukoko hakiri kare bishobora gutuma bagiteri zigaruka kandi zikaba zirushaho gukomera.

Kora isuzuma ry’ibimenyetso byawe kandi uhamagare muganga wawe niba ufite ibibazo bishya nko kugira ikibazo cyo guhumeka, kubabara cyane umutwe, cyangwa ububabare bw’ingingo z’amaraso buri kwiyongera.

Jya mu kato uko bikwiye niba ufite icyorezo cya pneumonic. Guma mu rugo kandi wambare agapfukamunwa igihe uri kumwe n’abagize umuryango wawe kugeza igihe muganga wawe yemeje ko utakiri kwanduza.

Ibuka ko kwita ku buzima bw’umuntu mu rugo bifasha ariko ntibisimbura ubuvuzi bwiza. Imiti yawe igabanya udukoko niyo ikora akazi gakomeye mu kurwanya ubwandu.

Wategura gute uruzinduko rwawe kwa muganga?

Gutegura uruzinduko rwawe bifasha muganga wawe guhita asuzuma niba ushobora kuba ufite icyorezo kandi agatangira kuvura uko bikwiye. Za uje uteguye amakuru yihariye yerekeye ibimenyetso byawe n’ibikorwa byawe biheruka.

Mbere y’uruzinduko rwawe, andika amakuru y’ingenzi azafasha umuvuzi wawe:

Andika ibimenyetso byawe harimo igihe byatangiye, uko bikomeye, niba biri kwiyongera. Andika ubushyuhe bw’umubiri wawe niba wabupimaga, kandi usobanure ibice byose by’umubiri wawe byibutswe.

Inoze ibikorwa byawe biheruka mu byumweru bibiri bishize, cyane cyane ibikorwa byo hanze, ingendo mu bice by’icyaro, guhura n’inyamaswa, cyangwa kurumwa n’inzige. Harimo gukambika, gutembera, guhiga, cyangwa gukora hafi y’inyamaswa.

Andika amakuru yerekeye guhura n’inyamaswa harimo amatungo yo mu rugo, inyamaswa zo mu gasozi, amatungo, cyangwa inyamaswa zipfuye ushobora kuba wahuye na zo. Vuga niba amatungo yawe yarwaye cyangwa niba wabonye umubare munini w’imbeba mu rugo rwawe.

Zana amakuru y’imiti harimo imiti yose y’amabwiriza, imiti yo kugura udafite amabwiriza y’abaganga, n’ibindi byuzuza ubuvuzi ukoresha ubu. Imiti imwe ishobora kugira ingaruka ku guhitamo imiti igabanya udukoko.

Andika allergie ku miti, cyane cyane antibiotique, kuko bigira ingaruka ku buryo bwo kuvura. Fata muzirikana ibimenyetso byose byabayeho mbere kubera imiti, kabone nubwo byaba ari bito.

Tegura ibibazo bijyanye n’uburwayi bwawe, uburyo bwo kuvura, igihe cyo gukira, n’ingamba zo kwirinda ku bagize umuryango. Byandika kugira ngo utabyibagirwa mu gihe cy’isura.

Zana amakuru y’ubwisungane n’irangamuntu, kuko kuvura icyorezo gishobora gusaba kujya mu bitaro cyangwa gukora ibizamini byihariye bya laboratwari.

Niba urwaye cyane, reka umuntu aguherekeze mu isura cyangwa ugende mu bitaro byihutirwa. Icyorezo gishobora kwihuta cyane, kandi ibimenyetso bikomeye bisaba isuzuma ryihuse.

Mu gihe cy’isura, ube umunyabinyoma ku bikorwa byawe n’ibimenyetso. Muganga akeneye amakuru nyayo kugira ngo akore ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Ni iki cy’ingenzi cyo kuzirikana ku cyorezo?

Icyorezo ni indwara ikomeye ariko ivurwa neza ya bakteriya iyo ifashwe hakiri kare. Nubwo izina rishobora gutera ubwoba kubera ibintu byabayeho mu mateka, antibiotique zigezweho zivura icyorezo neza mu bice byinshi.

Ikintu cy’ingenzi cyo kuzirikana ni uko kuvurwa hakiri kare ari byo byose. Niba ufite umuriro utunguranye, ububabare bukomeye bw’umutwe, n’ibisebe by’amaraso byabitswe nyuma yo guhura n’udusimba cyangwa imbeba mu turere tw’icyorezo, shaka ubuvuzi vuba.

Ntugahebe kwirinda icyorezo kugira ngo wirinde gukora ibikorwa hanze mu turere twahungabanyijwe. Ingamba zoroshye nko gukoresha imiti yo kwirinda udusimba, kugenzura udusimba ku nyamaswa zo mu rugo, no kwirinda guhura n’imbeba zo mu gasohoka bigabanya cyane ibyago byawe.

Ubuvuzi bugezweho bwahinduye icyorezo kuva ku ndwara yahungabanyije abantu mu mateka kugeza ku ndwara igenzurwa. Hamwe no kumenya hakiri kare no kuvurwa neza kwa antibiotique, abantu barakira neza kandi bagaruka mu buzima bwabo busanzwe.

Komeza umenye ibikorwa bya peste mu karere kanyu binyuze mu bigo nderabuzima byo mu gace, ariko ujye wibuka ko iyi ndwara ikiri nke. Funga amaso yawe ku buryo bworoshye bwo kwirinda kandi ushake ubuvuzi vuba ubonye ibimenyetso bibangamye.

Ibibazo bikunze kubaho kuri peste

Ese umuntu ashobora kwandura peste ava kuri mugenzi we?

Peste y’ibihaha gusa ni yo ikwirakwira kuva ku muntu ku wundi binyuze mu matone yo mu myanya y’ubuhumekero igihe umuntu akohose cyangwa agasetsa. Peste y’ingingo ndetse na peste yo mu maraso ntiyihuta hagati y’abantu. Niba hari umuntu wo mu rugo rwawe ufite peste y’ibihaha, azakenera gukizwa mu masaha 48 ya mbere y’ubuvuzi bwa antibiyotike.

Ese peste iracyahari muri iki gihe?

Yego, peste iracyahari ku isi hose, hafi abantu 1.000 kugeza ku 3.000 bandura buri mwaka ku isi. Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, hari abantu 1 kugeza kuri 17 bandura buri mwaka, ahanini mu bice by’icyaro byo mu majyepfo y’uburengerazuba. Iyi mikrobbi iba mu nyamaswa zo mu gasozi kandi ntiyaranduwe.

Peste yica vuba gute idakize?

Peste y’ingingo idakize ishobora gutera urupfu mu minsi 2-6, mu gihe peste y’ibihaha ishobora kwica mu masaha 18-24 utabonye antibiyotike. Ariko kandi, ubuvuzi bwa antibiyotike buhamye, igipimo cy’urupfu kigabanuka ku kigereranyo kiri munsi ya 5%. Ubu butandukani buhambaye bwerekana impamvu kuvurwa hakiri kare ari ingenzi cyane.

Ese amatungo yo mu rugo ashobora kwandura peste akayitwara ku bantu?

Yego, inyamanswa zorohewe cyane na peste kandi zishobora kuyitwara ku bantu binyuze mu kuruma, gukorora, cyangwa amatone yo mu myanya y’ubuhumekero niba zifite peste y’ibihaha…