Pneumonia ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n’Ubuvuzi

Pneumonia ni ubwandu butera kubyimba kw’amasasu y’umwuka mu muhogo umwe cyangwa yombi. Aya masasu mato cyane y’umwuka, yitwa alveoli, yuzuzwa n’amazi cyangwa ibyuya, bigatuma ugira ikibazo cyo guhumeka neza.

Tekereza ku mpyiko zawe nk’ibinyabuzima bito bisaba kuguma bisukuye kugira ngo bikore neza. Iyo pneumonia ibayeho, ibi binyabuzima bihindurwa n’amazi abangamira, ariyo mpamvu guhumeka bigorana kandi bikaba bibabaza. Inkuru nziza ni uko uburwayi bwinshi bwa pneumonia bushobora kuvurwa neza, cyane cyane iyo bamenyekanye hakiri kare.

Ibimenyetso bya Pneumonia ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso bya Pneumonia bishobora kuba bito cyangwa bikomeye, kandi bikunze kuza buhoro buhoro mu minsi mike. Umubiri wawe urakora cyane kugira ngo urwanye ubwandu, niyo mpamvu ushobora kumva utameze neza.

Ibimenyetso bisanzwe ushobora kugira birimo:

• Inkorora itanga ibyuya byinshi, by’umuhondo, by’icyatsi, cyangwa amaraso
• Umuriro n’igikomere bikugiraho ubushyuhe n’ubukonje
• Guhumeka nabi, cyane cyane mu gihe ukora ibikorwa bisanzwe
• Kubabara mu gituza bikomeye biba bibi iyo uhumeka cyane cyangwa ukonka
• Uburwayi bukabije budakira n’ubwo waba uri kuruhuka
• Isesemi, kuruka, cyangwa guhitwa
• Ubwenge buke, cyane cyane mu bantu bakuze

Bamwe mu bantu barwara icyo abaganga bita “pneumonia y’abagenda”, itera ibimenyetso bito bishobora kumera nk’ikirema gikomeye. Ushobora kugira inkorora yumye idashira, umuriro muke, kandi ukumva unaniwe ariko ugashobora gukora ibikorwa byawe bya buri munsi.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, pneumonia ishobora gutera ibimenyetso bikomeye nko kugira ikibazo gikomeye cyo guhumeka, iminwa cyangwa imisumari y’ibara ry’ubururu, cyangwa umuriro ukabije urenze 39°C. Aya bimenyetso bisaba ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa.

Uduce twa Pneumonia ni utuhe?

Pneumonia ihabwa ubwoko hashingiwe aho wayanduye n’icyo yatewe. Gusobanukirwa ubwoko bufasha muganga wawe guhitamo ubuvuzi bubereye uko uhagaze.

Pneumonia yandura mu muryango ni yo isanzwe, bivuze ko wayanduye mu buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi. Irimo pneumonia iterwa na bagiteri nka Streptococcus pneumoniae, virusi nka influenza, cyangwa ibindi byanduza uhura na byo mu buzima bwa buri munsi.

Pneumonia yandura mu bitaro itera mu gihe uri mu bitaro, akenshi nyuma yo kwakirwa kubera ubundi burwayi. Ubwo bwoko bushobora kuba bukomeye kuko bagiteri zo mu bitaro zikunze kuba zidakira imiti isanzwe.

Pneumonia yandura mu bigo nderabuzima iba mu bantu baba mu bigo byita ku bantu bakuze cyangwa bavurwa mu bigo nderabuzima. Ibyanduza biri muri ibyo bigo bishobora kuba bitandukanye n’ibiri mu muryango.

Pneumonia iterwa no guhumeka ibiryo, amazi, cyangwa ibyuka mu mpyiko ibaho iyo uhumeka ibiryo, amazi, cyangwa ibyuka mu mpyiko. Ibi bishobora kubaho iyo ugira ikibazo cyo kwishima cyangwa iyo udashobora kwirinda inzira y’umwuka.

Impamvu za Pneumonia ni izihe?

Pneumonia ibaho iyo ibyanduza byinjira mu mpyiko zikavuka, bikarenga imbaraga z’umubiri. Sisteme y’ubudahangarwa yawe igerageza kurwanya, ariko rimwe na rimwe ibyo byanduza biba bikomeye cyangwa byinshi.

Impamvu zisanzwe zirimo:

• Bagiteri, cyane cyane Streptococcus pneumoniae, itera hafi 60% by’uburwayi bwa pneumonia bwo mu bagiteri
• Virusi nka influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), na COVID-19
• Imyeyo, cyane cyane mu bantu bafite ubudahangarwa buke
• Mycoplasma, bagiteri bato cyane batera “pneumonia y’abagenda”

Rimwe na rimwe pneumonia ibaho nyuma yo kugira ikirema cyangwa grippe yagabanije imbaraga z’umwuka. Ubwandu bwa mbere buteza inzira y’ubwandu bwa pneumonia mu mpyiko.

Bidafite akamaro, pneumonia ishobora guterwa no guhumeka ibintu bimwe na bimwe, umukungugu, cyangwa ibindi bintu bibabaza bikomeretsa imyanya y’impyiko. Ubwo bwoko busanzwe buri mu bantu bahura n’ibintu byangiza mu kazi cyangwa ibyangiza ibidukikije.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera Pneumonia?

Ukwiye kuvugana na muganga wawe niba ugize ibimenyetso bigaragaza pneumonia, cyane cyane niba birimo kuba bibi kurushaho. Ubuvuzi bwa hakiri kare bushobora gukumira ingaruka mbi kandi bugufasha gukira vuba.

Shaka ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa niba ugira inkorora idashira ifite ibyuya byinshi cyangwa amaraso, umuriro urenze 38.3°C, cyangwa guhumeka nabi mu gihe ukora ibikorwa bisanzwe. Aya bimenyetso bigaragaza ko umubiri wawe ukeneye ubufasha mu kurwanya ubwandu.

Hamagara ubutabazi bw’ihutirwa niba ugira ikibazo gikomeye cyo guhumeka, kubabara mu gituza bigatuma guhumeka bigorana, ubwenge buke, cyangwa ibara ry’ubururu ku minwa cyangwa imisumari. Ibi bimenyetso bigaragaza ko umubiri wawe utabona umwuka uhagije.

Abantu barengeje imyaka 65, abafite uburwayi buhoraho, cyangwa uwo ari we wese ufite ubudahangarwa buke bagomba kuba maso cyane. Ndetse n’ibimenyetso bito bishobora kwihuta muri ibyo byiciro, nuko ntutinye kuvugana n’umuganga wawe.

Ibyatera ibyago bya Pneumonia ni ibihe?

Ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora gutuma ugira ibyago byinshi byo kurwara pneumonia cyangwa kugira ibimenyetso bikomeye. Gusobanukirwa urwego rw’ibyago byawe bigufasha gufata ingamba zikwiye no gushaka ubuvuzi igihe bikenewe.

Imyaka igira uruhare runini mu byago bya pneumonia. Abantu barengeje imyaka 65 bafite ubudahangarwa buke kandi bashobora kudarwanya ubwandu neza. Kimwe n’abana bari munsi y’imyaka 2 bafite ubudahangarwa bukiri gutera imbere buhangana n’ubwandu bukomeye.

Uburwayi buhoraho bushobora kongera ubukana bwawe:

• Uburwayi bw’umutima, diyabete, cyangwa uburwayi bw’impyiko
• Uburwayi bw’impyiko buhoraho nka aasma, COPD, cyangwa cystic fibrosis
• Ubudahangarwa buke buterwa no kuvurwa kanseri, kubyaza imyanya, cyangwa HIV
• Uburwayi bw’ubwonko bugira ingaruka ku kwishima

Ibikorwa by’ubuzima na byo ni ingenzi. Itabi yangiza imbaraga z’impyiko, bigatuma ubwandu bwiyongera. Kunywa inzoga nyinshi bishobora kugabanya ubudahangarwa bwawe kandi bikongera ibyago bya pneumonia iterwa no guhumeka.

Ubwandu bw’ubuhumekero bwabaye vuba, kuba mu bitaro, cyangwa guhumeka imashini bishobora kongera ibyago byawe. Impyiko zawe zishobora kuba zikiri mu kaga kubera uburwayi bwa mbere cyangwa ubuvuzi.

Ingaruka zishoboka za Pneumonia ni izihe?

Nubwo abantu benshi bakira pneumonia batagize ibibazo biramba, zimwe mu ngaruka zishobora kubaho, cyane cyane mu bantu bafite ibyago byinshi. Kumenya ibyo bishoboka bigufasha kumenya igihe ukeneye ubuvuzi bundi.

Ingaruka zisanzwe zirimo:

• Pleural effusion, aho amazi aterana hafi y’impyiko
• Lung abscess, aho ibyuya biva mu mpyiko
• Guhumeka nabi, aho impyiko zawe zitabasha gutanga umwuka uhagije
• Sepsis, igisubizo cy’ubuzima cy’ubwandu bukwirakwira mu mubiri wawe

Bamwe mu bantu barwara ubwandu bwa bagiteri nyuma yo gukira pneumonia iterwa na virusi. Ubudahangarwa bwawe buke bushobora guhangana n’ibyanduza byiyongereye mu gihe cyo gukira.

Bidafite akamaro, pneumonia ishobora gutera ibibazo by’umutima cyangwa gucika intege kw’impyiko, cyane cyane mu bantu bafite uburwayi bumaze igihe. Izo ngaruka zibaho iyo ubwandu butera umuvuduko ku myanya y’umubiri wawe.

Inkuru nziza ni uko ubuvuzi bwa hakiri kare bigabanya cyane ibyago by’ingaruka mbi. Abantu benshi babona ubuvuzi bukwiye bakira neza batagize ingaruka ziramba.

Pneumonia ishobora gukumirwa gute?

Urashobora gufata intambwe nyinshi kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kurwara pneumonia. Izo ngamba zikumira zikora binyuze mu kongera imbaraga z’ubudahangarwa bwawe no kugabanya guhura n’ibyanduza.

Inkingo itanga uburinzi bwiza kuri benshi mu bwoko bwa pneumonia. Urukingo rwa pneumococcal urinda impamvu zisanzwe ziterwa na bagiteri, mu gihe inkingo za grippe z’umwaka zifasha gukumira pneumonia iterwa na virusi. Inkingo za COVID-19 zigabanya kandi ibyago bya pneumonia iterwa na coronavirus.

Ibikorwa byiza by’isuku bigira uruhare runini:

• Koga intoki kenshi n’amazi n’isabune
• Kwirinda gukora mu maso, cyane cyane izuru n’akanwa
• Kupfukirana inkorora no guhisha umunwa n’ikiganza cyangwa umutaka
• Kwirinda abantu barwaye igihe bishoboka

Kugira ubuzima bwiza bufasha ubudahangarwa bwawe kurwanya ubwandu. Ntukore itabi, gabanya kunywa inzoga, kurya ibiryo biringaniye, kuruhuka bihagije, kandi ukore siporo buri gihe. Gucunga uburwayi buhoraho nka diyabete cyangwa uburwayi bw’umutima na byo bifasha gukumira pneumonia.

Niba uri mu kaga, tekereza kuvugana n’umuganga wawe ku ngamba zikomeye zo kwirinda. Bashobora kugutegurira inkingo cyangwa imiti ikuririnda.

Pneumonia imenyekana ite?

Kumenya pneumonia bisaba intambwe nyinshi kugira ngo umenye icyateye ibimenyetso byawe n’uburemere bw’ubwandu. Muganga wawe azatangira akumva ibibazo byawe akakusuzuma neza.

Isuzuma ry’umubiri riba rigamije guhumeka kwawe n’amajwi y’impyiko. Muganga wawe azakoresha stethoscope kumva amajwi adasanzwe agaragaza amazi mu mpyiko. Azareba kandi urwego rw’umwuka wawe n’ibimenyetso by’ubuzima.

X-ray y’ibituza ni yo ntambwe isanzwe ikurikira, igaragaza ibice byabyimbye cyangwa amazi mu mpyiko. Iyo isuzuma ry’amashusho rifasha kwemeza uburwayi kandi rigaragaza uko impyiko yawe yanduye.

Ibizamini by’amaraso bishobora kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’ubwandu kandi bigafasha kumenya icyanduza cyateye pneumonia yawe. Muganga wawe ashobora kandi gusuzuma ibyuya (ibyo ukonka) kugira ngo amenye ubuvuzi bwiza bwa antibiyotike.

Mu bihe bikomeye, muganga wawe ashobora gutegeka ibizamini byiyongereye nka CT scan y’ibituza cyangwa isuzuma ry’umwuka w’amaraso kugira ngo arebe neza uko impyiko zawe zikora. Ibyo bizamini bifasha kuyobora ibyemezo by’ubuvuzi no gukurikirana uko uhagaze.

Ubuvuzi bwa Pneumonia ni buhe?

Ubuvuzi bwa pneumonia biterwa n’icyo cyateye ubwandu n’uburemere bw’ibimenyetso byawe. Intego ni ukurandura ubwandu mu gihe ufasha umubiri wawe gukira no gukumira ingaruka mbi.

Pneumonia iterwa na bagiteri isanzwe ikira neza imiti ya antibiyotike. Muganga wawe azahitamo antibiyotike iboneye hashingiwe ku bwoko bwa bagiteri bikekwaho n’imiterere yawe y’ubuzima. Abantu benshi batangira kumva bameze neza mu masaha 48 kugeza kuri 72 nyuma yo gutangira antibiyotike.

Pneumonia iterwa na virusi isanzwe isaba ubuvuzi bwo gufasha kuko antibiyotike ntabwo zikora kuri virusi. Ubuvuzi bwawe bushobora kuba harimo kuruhuka, amazi, n’imiti igabanya umuriro n’ububabare. Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, imiti irwanya virusi ishobora kugabanya uburwayi.

Kubera pneumonia ikomeye, kuba mu bitaro bishobora kuba ngombwa. Ubuvuzi bwo mu bitaro bushobora kuba harimo antibiyotike ziterwa mu mitsi, oxygen therapy, cyangwa ubuvuzi bwo guhumeka kugira ngo ufashe impyiko zawe gukora neza.

Abantu benshi bashobora gukira iwabo mu rugo bafite ubuvuzi bukwiye no gukurikirana. Muganga wawe azakurikirana uko uhagaze kandi agakosora ubuvuzi uko bikenewe kugira ngo amenye ko uri gukira neza.

Uko wakwitaho mu rugo mu gihe ufite Pneumonia

Kwita ku buzima bwawe mu rugo bigira uruhare runini mu gukira kwawe pneumonia. Ibyo bikorwa bishishikariza umubiri wawe gukira kandi bigufasha kumva umeze neza mu gihe uri gukira.

Kuruhuka ni ingenzi mu gukira. Umubiri wawe ukeneye imbaraga zo kurwanya ubwandu, nuko wirinde ibikorwa bikomeye kandi uruhuke bihagije. Tega amatwi umubiri wawe kandi ntukigendere kugaruka mu bikorwa bisanzwe vuba cyane.

Komeza amazi menshi mu mubiri wawe unywe amazi menshi, icyayi cy’ibimera, cyangwa amasupu meza. Amazi ahagije afasha kugabanya ibyuya mu mpyiko, bigatuma ukonka neza kandi ukura mu nzira y’ubuhumekero.

Genzura ibimenyetso byawe ukoresheje imiti ikwiye:

• Fata antibiyotike zategetswe ukurikije amabwiriza, n’ubwo waba umeze neza
• Koresha imiti igabanya ububabare nka acetaminophen cyangwa ibuprofen kubera umuriro n’ububabare
• Tegura humidifier kugira ngo wongere umwuka mu kirere kandi woroshye guhumeka
• Irinde imiti igabanya inkorora keretse muganga wawe abiguhaye

Komeza ukurebe ibimenyetso byawe kandi uhamagare muganga wawe niba utari gukira nyuma y’iminsi mike yo kuvurwa cyangwa niba ibimenyetso byawe birimo kuba bibi. Gukira pneumonia bishobora gufata ibyumweru byinshi, nuko ube umuntu ufite kwihangana mu gihe cyo gukira.

Uko wakwitegura gusura muganga wawe

Kwitunganya gusura muganga wawe bifasha kwemeza ko ubona ubuvuzi bukwiye. Gutegura neza bigufasha kwibuka amakuru akomeye mu gihe gishobora kuba kigoye.

Andika ibimenyetso byawe, harimo igihe byatangiye n’uko byahindutse uko iminsi igenda. Bandika icyo ari cyo cyose gitera ibimenyetso byawe kuba bibi cyangwa byiza, nko gukora, guhindura umwanya, cyangwa imiti wagerageje.

Zana urutonde rwuzuye rw’imiti yawe, harimo imiti y’amabwiriza, imiti yo mu maduka, n’ibindi bintu byongera. Harimo kandi allergie ufite, cyane cyane kuri antibiyotike cyangwa indi miti.

Tegura ibibazo uzazaza muganga:

• Ni ubwoko ki bwa pneumonia mfite?
• Bizamara igihe kingana iki gukira?
• Ni ibihe bimenyetso nkwiye kwitondera?
• Ni ryari nkwiye gukurikirana?
• Nshobora gusubira mu kazi cyangwa mu bikorwa bisanzwe?

Tekereza kuzana umuntu wo mu muryango cyangwa inshuti kugira ngo aguhe ubufasha kwibuka amakuru akomeye. Kugira umuntu uri kumwe nawe bishobora kugufasha cyane niba utumva neza cyangwa udasobanukiwe.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya cy’ingenzi kuri Pneumonia

Pneumonia ni ubwandu bukomeye ariko bukavurwa bugira ingaruka kuri miliyoni z’abantu buri mwaka. Ikintu cy’ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko kumenya no kuvura hakiri kare bigatanga ibyiza byinshi kandi bigatuma ingaruka mbi zigabanuka.

Ntugapfobye ibimenyetso by’ubuhumekero bidashira, cyane cyane niba uri mu itsinda rifite ibyago byinshi. Icyatangira nk’ikirema cyangwa grippe gishobora kuba pneumonia, ariko ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa bushobora gukumira ingaruka mbi no kwihutisha gukira.

Kwiringira ubuzima bwawe ni bwo bwirinzi bwiza bwa pneumonia. Komeza ube ufite inkingo, komeza isuku, kandi ugire ubuzima bwiza kugira ngo uhe ubudahangarwa bwawe amahirwe yo kurwanya ubwandu.

Abantu benshi babona ubuvuzi bukwiye bakira neza pneumonia. Nubwo gukira bishobora gufata ibyumweru byinshi, gukurikiza amabwiriza y’umuganga wawe no kwita ku buzima bwawe mu rugo bizagufasha gusubira mu bikorwa bisanzwe vuba kandi neza.

Ibibazo byakunda kubazwa kuri Pneumonia

Q.1: Ni igihe kingana iki gukira pneumonia?

Abantu benshi batangira kumva bameze neza mu masaha 48 kugeza kuri 72 nyuma yo gutangira ubuvuzi, ariko gukira burundu bisanzwe bifata ibyumweru 1 kugeza kuri 3. Abantu bakuze, bafite ubuzima bwiza bakira vuba, mu gihe abantu bakuze cyangwa abafite uburwayi buhoraho bashobora gukenera ibyumweru 6 kugeza kuri 8 kugira ngo bakire neza. Imbaraga zawe n’imbaraga zawe bizasubira buhoro buhoro uko impyiko zawe zikira.

Q.2: Pneumonia yandura?

Pneumonia ubwayo ntiyandura, ariko ibyanduza bibyatera bishobora kwandura. Pneumonia iterwa na bagiteri na virusi ishobora kwandura binyuze mu matone y’ubuhumekero iyo umuntu ukonka cyangwa agahisha umunwa. Uba ufite ibyago byinshi byo kwanduza mu minsi 2 kugeza kuri 3 ya mbere y’uburwayi, ariko ibi bigabanuka cyane nyuma yo gutangira antibiyotike kubera pneumonia iterwa na bagiteri.

Q.3: Ushobora kurwara pneumonia kabiri?

Yego, ushobora kurwara pneumonia incuro nyinshi kuko ibyanduza byinshi bishobora kuyitera. Kurwara pneumonia rimwe ntibitanga ubudahangarwa kuri buri bwoko. Ariko, inkingo zishobora gufasha gukumira impamvu zisanzwe, kandi buri gihe cyo kurwara pneumonia ukira gishobora gutanga uburinzi kuri ubwo bwandu.

Q.4: Ni uwuhe utandukaniro hagati ya pneumonia na bronchitis?

Pneumonia igira ingaruka ku masasu mato y’umwuka mu mpyiko, mu gihe bronchitis igira ingaruka ku nzira nini z’umwuka zijyana umwuka mu mpyiko. Pneumonia isanzwe itera ibimenyetso bikomeye nko guhindagurika kw’umuriro, igikomere, no guhumeka nabi, mu gihe bronchitis isanzwe igira inkorora idashira ifite ibimenyetso bito.

Q.5: Ndakwiye kujya mu bitaro kubera pneumonia?

Uburwayi bwinshi bwa pneumonia bushobora kuvurwa mu rugo hakoreshejwe antibiyotike n’ubuvuzi bwo gufasha. Ariko, ukwiye gushaka ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa niba ugira ikibazo gikomeye cyo guhumeka, kubabara mu gituza bigatuma guhumeka bigorana, ubwenge buke, cyangwa ibara ry’ubururu ku minwa cyangwa imisumari. Muganga wawe ashobora kugufasha kumenya niba kuba mu bitaro ari ngombwa hashingiwe ku bimenyetso byawe n’ibyago byawe.