Iyi ni iki? Uburwayi bwose bwatewe n’ibyabaye? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n’Ubuvuzi

Uburwayi bwose bwatewe n’ibyabaye (PTSD) ni uburwayi bwo mu mutwe bushobora kuza nyuma yo guhura cyangwa kubona ikintu kibabaje cyane cyangwa cyahungabanyije ubuzima. Ubwenge bwawe n’umubiri wawe bigerageza gukora ikintu kidasanzwe cyakubayeho.

Tekereza kuri PTSD nk’aho sisitemu y’ibimenyetso by’ubwonko bwawe ihagaze ku mwanya wa “kuri” nyuma y’akaga. Aho gukira uko igihe gihita, sisitemu yawe y’imitsi ikomeza kugira icyo ikora nk’aho akaga kikiriho, nubwo ubu uri mu mutekano.

Iyi ni iki? Uburwayi bwose bwatewe n’ibyabaye?

PTSD ibaho iyo ubwonko bwawe bugize ikibazo cyo gukora ikintu cyabaye. Nyuma y’ikintu giteye ubwoba cyangwa kibabaza, ni ibisanzwe kumva ubabaye, ugatinya, cyangwa ukagira urujijo mu byumweru bikurikira.

Ariko, kuri PTSD, ibyo byiyumvo bikomeye n’ibikorwa ntibikira ukwabyo. Ahubwo, bishobora gukomera uko igihe gihita, bigatuma utekereza, ukumva, kandi ukagira imyitwarire mu buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi.

Ubu burwayi bugira ingaruka ku bantu b’imyaka yose n’imiterere yose. Ushobora kurwara PTSD ako kanya nyuma y’akaga, cyangwa ibimenyetso bishobora kuza nyuma y’amezi cyangwa imyaka iyo utabiteze.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by’uburwayi bwose bwatewe n’ibyabaye?

Ibimenyetso bya PTSD bisanzwe bigabanywa mu byiciro bine by’ingenzi, kandi ushobora kugira bimwe muri byo cyangwa byose. Ibi bimenyetso ni uburyo ubwonko bwawe bugerageza guhangana n’ibyabaye, nubwo bishobora kumva birenze ubushobozi.

Ibimenyetso byo kwibutsa bigutera kumva nk’aho akaga kikiri gukomeza:

• Guhura n’ibyabaye mu buryo bukomeye, bigasa n’ukuri
• Inzozi mbi cyangwa ibibazo byo gusinzira bifitanye isano n’ibyabaye
• Ibitekerezo cyangwa kwibuka bitunguranye
• Kubabara cyane igihe wibutse akaga
• Ibimenyetso by’umubiri nko guhinda umuriro, iseseme, cyangwa umutima ukubita cyane igihe ubayeho

Ibimenyetso byo kwirinda birimo kwirinda ibintu bikwibutsa akaga:

• Kwima amateraniro, abantu, cyangwa ibikorwa bikwibutsa ibyabaye
• Kwanka kuvugana cyangwa gutekereza ku byabaye
• Kwima amakuru, filime, cyangwa ibiganiro ku bintu nk’ibyo
• Guhindura imigenzo kugira ngo wirinde ibintu bishobora gutera ibibazo

Guhinduka mu mitekerereze n’imyumvire bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo ubona wowe ubwawe n’isi:

• Kugira imitekerereze mibi ku byerekeye wowe ubwawe (“Ndi umuntu wangiritse”) cyangwa abandi (“Nta muntu wakwizera”)
• Kwishinja cyangwa gushinja abandi ibyabaye
• Kumva ubabaye igihe kirekire nko gutinya, kurakara, kwicuza, cyangwa ipfunwe
• Kubura inyota yo gukora ibintu wakundaga
• Kumva utari hafi y’umuryango wawe n’inshuti
• Kutanashobora kumva ibyiyumvo byiza nko kwishima cyangwa gukunda

Guhinduka mu miterere y’umubiri n’imyumvire bigira ingaruka ku buryo usubiza ibintu bya buri munsi:

• Gutangazwa cyangwa gutinya byoroshye
• Kuba maso igihe cyose kugira ngo urebe akaga (hypervigilance)
• Imikorere yangiza nk’uko kunywa cyane cyangwa gutwara imodoka nabi
• Kubura ubushobozi bwo kwibanda ku kazi, kwiga, cyangwa ibiganiro
• Ibibazo byo gusinzira birimo kudasinzira cyangwa gusinzira nabi
• Kurakara, kurakara cyane, cyangwa imyitwarire y’ubugome

Ibi bimenyetso bishobora gutandukana cyane ukurikije umuntu. Bamwe bagira ibyiciro byose, abandi bashobora kurwara cyane kimwe cyangwa bibiri.

Ni iki gitera uburwayi bwose bwatewe n’ibyabaye?

PTSD iterwa no guhura n’urupfu, imvune ikomeye, cyangwa ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina. Akaga gashobora kukubera, cyangwa ushobora kubona undi muntu ari gukorerwa.

Ibintu bisanzwe byateye PTSD birimo:

• Guhura n’intambara cyangwa akaga mu gisirikare
• Ihohoterwa ku mubiri cyangwa rishingiye ku gitsina
• Impanuka zikomeye nko kugongana kw’imodoka cyangwa impanuka ku kazi
• Ibiza kamere nko kuzimira, imyuzure, cyangwa inkongi y’umuriro
• Ibitero by’iterabwoba cyangwa urugomo rwakorewe abantu benshi
• Urupfu rutunguranye rw’umuntu ukunda
• Ihohoterwa cyangwa kwirengagizwa mu bwana
• Ibibazo by’ubuzima cyangwa indwara zibangamira ubuzima

Si buri wese wahura n’akaga arwara PTSD. Uburyo ubwonko bwawe busubiza biterwa n’ibintu byinshi, birimo uburemere bw’ibyabaye, amateka yawe bwite, n’inkunga uhabwa nyuma.

Bamwe barusha abandi kwihangana kandi bakira akaga ukwabo, abandi bashobora kenera ubufasha bw’umwuga kugira ngo bakore ku byabaye. Nta gisubizo kibeshye cyangwa cy’intege nke.

Ni ryari ukwiye kubona muganga kubera uburwayi bwose bwatewe n’ibyabaye?

Ukwiye gushaka ubufasha niba ibitekerezo n’ibyiyumvo bibi ku byabaye bikomeza igihe kirekire cyane kurusha ukwezi. Kugira ubufasha hakiri kare bishobora kugira uruhare rukomeye mu gukira.

Suhuka umuganga niba ufite:

• Ibimenyetso bikomeye cyangwa biramba bibangamira ubuzima bwa buri munsi
• Kubura ubushobozi bwo gukora akazi, kwiga, cyangwa mu mibanire
• Ibitekerezo byo kwibabaza cyangwa kwica abandi
• Kunywa inzoga cyangwa ibiyobyabwenge kugira ngo uhangane n’ibimenyetso
• Kwima ibikorwa by’ingenzi cyangwa imibanire kubera ubwoba bufite isano n’akaga

Ntugatege amatwi ibimenyetso bikomeza kuba bibi mbere yo gushaka ubufasha. PTSD ni uburwayi bukavurwa, kandi kubona ubufasha hakiri kare bishobora kubuza ibimenyetso kuba bibi cyangwa bikamara igihe kirekire.

Niba ufite ibitekerezo byo kwiyahura, nyamuneka shaka ubufasha ako kanya kuri telephone y’ubufasha, ibitaro, cyangwa umuntu ukunda mu buzima bwawe. Ukwiye inkunga n’ubuvuzi.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago byo kurwara uburwayi bwose bwatewe n’ibyabaye?

Nubwo umuntu wese ashobora kurwara PTSD nyuma y’akaga, hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kongera ibyago byawe. Gusobanukirwa ibi bintu bishobora kugufasha kumenya igihe ushobora kenera inkunga y’inyongera.

Ibintu bifitanye isano n’akaga ubwa rwo:

• Guhura n’akaga gakomeye cyangwa kamara igihe kirekire
• Kuba hafi y’aho akaga kabereye
• Kugira ubushobozi buke cyangwa nta bushobozi mu gihe cy’akaga
• Guhura n’akaga kenshi uko igihe gihita
• Akaga gashyira mu kaga imibanire nko guhohoterwa

Ibintu by’ubuzima bwite byongera ibyago:

• Kugira amateka y’ihohoterwa cyangwa akaga mu bwana
• Uburwayi bwo mu mutwe mbere nko guhera cyangwa guhangayika
• Amateka y’uburwayi bwo mu mutwe mu muryango
• Ibibazo byo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge
• Imimerere imwe n’imwe y’umuntu nko kugira ubwoba bwinshi

Ibintu by’ibidukikije n’imibanire:

• Kubura inkunga y’imibanire mu muryango n’inshuti
• Umuvuduko mwinshi mu buzima bwa buri munsi
• Ibibazo by’imari cyangwa kudakora akazi
• Ibindi bibazo by’ubuzima biba nyuma y’akaga
• Guhura n’ibintu byibutsa akaga mu bidukikije

Kugira ibintu byongera ibyago ntibisobanura ko uzahita urwara PTSD. Abantu benshi bafite ibintu byinshi byongera ibyago ntibarwara ubu burwayi, abandi bafite ibintu bike byongera ibyago barwara.

Ni ibihe bibazo bishoboka bya PTSD?

Utabonye ubuvuzi, PTSD ishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku bice byinshi by’ubuzima bwawe. Ibi bibazo bishobora kuza buhoro buhoro kandi bishobora kuba bibi uko igihe gihita niba bitavuwe.

Ibibazo by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe:

• Guhera no kubabara igihe kirekire
• Uburwayi bwo guhangayika n’ibitero by’ubwoba
• Gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge kugira ngo uhagarike ububabare bwo mu mutwe
• Uburwayi bwo kurya cyangwa guhinduka bikomeye mu kurya
• Ibitekerezo cyangwa ibikorwa byo kwiyahura

Ibibazo by’ubuzima bw’umubiri:

• Ibibazo by’ububabare buhoraho
• Ibibazo byo gusinzira n’umunaniro uhoraho
• Ibibazo byo mu gifu n’ibibazo by’igifu
• Umutwe ubora n’ububabare bw’umutwe
• Ibibazo by’umutima bituruka ku muvuduko uhoraho

Ibibazo by’imibanire n’akazi:

• Ibibazo by’imibanire no kuba wenyine
• Kubura ubushobozi bwo gukomeza akazi cyangwa kwiga
• Ibibazo by’imari bituruka ku bibazo by’akazi
• Ibibazo by’amategeko bifitanye isano n’imyitwarire yangiza
• Kubura imibanire y’ingenzi n’abantu

Inkuru nziza ni uko ubuvuzi bukoreshwa bushobora gufasha gukumira cyangwa kugabanya ibi bibazo. Hamwe n’ubuvuzi bukwiye, abantu benshi barwaye PTSD bakomeza kubaho neza, bafite ubuzima bwiza.

Uburwayi bwose bwatewe n’ibyabaye bumenyekana gute?

Umuhanga mu buzima bwo mu mutwe ashobora kumenya PTSD binyuze mu isuzuma rirambuye. Nta kizami cy’amaraso cyangwa isesengura ry’ubwonko rya PTSD, bityo kumenya uburwayi bishingira ku kuganira ku bimenyetso byawe n’ibyabaye.

Umuganga wawe azakubaza ibyabaye n’uburyo bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe. Azashaka kumenya ibimenyetso ufite n’igihe umaze ubiba ufite.

Kugira ngo umenye PTSD, ugomba kuba:

• Wahura cyangwa wabonye ikintu cyabaye
• Ufite ibimenyetso byo mu byiciro bine by’ibimenyetso
• Ufite ibimenyetso byamaze ukwezi kurushaho
• Ufite ibibazo bikomeye cyangwa bibangamira imikorere ya buri munsi

Umuganga wawe ashobora kandi kureba ubundi burwayi busanzwe buhurira na PTSD, nko guhera cyangwa guhangayika. Rimwe na rimwe ibibazo by’ubuzima bw’umubiri bishobora kugira uruhare mu bimenyetso.

Ba umunyambabazi uko bishoboka kose mu gihe cy’isuzuma ryawe. Umuganga wawe ariho kugufasha, atari kukugaya, kandi amakuru nyayo atuma habaho igenamigambi ry’ubuvuzi ryiza.

Ni iki kivura uburwayi bwose bwatewe n’ibyabaye?

PTSD ikavurwa cyane hamwe n’uburyo bukwiye. Abantu benshi bagaragaza iterambere rikomeye hamwe n’ubuvuzi bukwiye, nubwo gukira bisaba igihe no kwihangana.

Ubuvuzi bwo mu mutwe (ibiganiro) ni bwo busanzwe bukoreshwa mbere:

• Ubuvuzi bwo gukora ku bitekerezo bifitanye isano n’akaga bigufasha gusobanukirwa no guhindura ibitekerezo bifitanye isano n’akaga
• Ubuvuzi bwo kwerekana igihe kirekire bufasha buhoro buhoro guhangana n’ibibuka by’akaga mu mutekano
• Guhuza amaso no kugabanya ubukana (EMDR) ikoresha imiterere y’amaso mu gihe cyo gukora ku byabaye
• Ubuvuzi bwo guhindura imitekerereze n’imyitwarire buhangana n’imitekerereze mibi n’imyitwarire

Imiti ishobora gufasha guhangana n’ibimenyetso:

• Imiti yo kuvura ihungabana nko kuri sertraline cyangwa fluoxetine ishobora kugabanya ibimenyetso
• Imiti yo kuvura guhangayika kugira ngo ugabanye guhangayika bikomeye mu gihe gito
• Imiti yo gusinzira niba inzozi mbi cyangwa kudasinzira ari ikibazo
• Prazosin by’umwihariko ku nzozi mbi zifitanye isano n’akaga

Uburyo bushya bwo kuvura bugaragaza umusaruro ugaragara:

• Ubuvuzi bwo gukemura ibibazo byihuse buhuza uburyo butandukanye bw’ubuvuzi
• Kumenyereza ubwonko kugira ngo ubushobozi bw’ubwonko bugenzurwe
• Ubuvuzi bwo kwerekana ibintu binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga mu midugudu igenzurwa
• Ubuvuzi bw’itsinda hamwe n’abandi barokotse akaga

Ubuvuzi busanzwe bugenwa ukurikije ibimenyetso byawe n’ibyo ukeneye. Abantu benshi bagira inyungu yo guhuza ubuvuzi n’imiti, cyane cyane mu gihe cy’ubuvuzi bwa mbere.

Uburyo bwo guhangana na PTSD mu rugo?

Nubwo ubuvuzi bw’umwuga ari ingenzi, hari ibintu byinshi ushobora gukora mu rugo kugira ngo ushyigikire gukira kwawe. Ibyo bikorwa byo kwita ku buzima byakorwa neza hamwe n’ubuvuzi n’imiti.

Uburyo bwo guhangana buri munsi:

• Kora imyitozo yo guhumeka neza igihe wumva uhagaze
• Koresha uburyo bwo kumenya aho uri nko kuvuga ibintu bitanu ubona, bine ukomanga, bitatu wumva
• Kugira gahunda yo gusinzira buri gihe no gutegura ibyo gukora igihe cyo kuryama
• Kugabanya kafeyin na alcool, bishobora kongera guhangayika n’ibibazo byo gusinzira
• Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe, no kugenda bishobora kugabanya umuvuduko

Kubaka urukiko rwawe rw’abantu bagushyigikira:

• Komeza kuba hafi y’umuryango n’inshuti bagushyigikira
• Tekereza kwinjira mu itsinda rishyigikira PTSD
• Kwihangana n’abantu bakunda batabasha gusobanukirwa ibyo ubayeho
• Kumenyesha ibyo ukeneye neza abantu bashaka kugufasha
• Kwiha imipaka hamwe n’abantu cyangwa ibintu bikurengeje ubushobozi

Ibikorwa byiza by’ubuzima:

• Kurya ibiryo biringaniye buri gihe kugira ngo ushyigikire ubuzima bwawe muri rusange
• Kora ibintu wakundaga, nubwo bitakimeze kimwe
• Kora imyitozo yo kuruhuka nko kuzirikana cyangwa yoga
• Mara igihe mu karere k’ibiti niba bishoboka
• Andika ibyiyumvo byawe n’iterambere ryawe

Wibuke ko gukira atari ugutera imbere. Uzagira iminsi myiza n’iminsi mibi, kandi ibyo ni ibisanzwe mu gihe cyo gukira.

Uburyo bwo kwitegura kujya kwa muganga?

Kwitegura kujya kwa muganga bishobora kugufasha kubona ibyiza byinshi mu gihe cyawe hamwe n’umuganga wawe. Ni ibisanzwe kumva uhangayitse ku kuganira ku byabaye.

Mbere yo kujya kwa muganga:

• Andika ibimenyetso byawe n’igihe byatangiye
• Andika imiti cyangwa ibindi bintu ufashe
• Andika amateka y’uburwayi bwo mu mutwe mu muryango
• Tegura ibisobanuro bigufi ku byabaye (ugahe abandi amakuru yumva ari meza)
• Andika ibibazo ushaka kubaza

Mu gihe uri kwa muganga:

• Ba umunyambabazi ku bimenyetso byawe n’uburyo bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi
• Ntugapfobye ibyabaye cyangwa ibyiyumvo byawe
• Baza ku buryo butandukanye bwo kuvura
• Ganza ku bibazo ku miti cyangwa ubuvuzi
• Baza icyo witeze mu gihe cy’ubuvuzi

Tekereza kuzana inshuti cyangwa umuntu wo mu muryango ukunda kugufasha niba byakugirira akamaro. Bashobora kandi kugufasha kwibuka amakuru y’ingenzi yavuzwe mu gihe cy’isura.

Ni iki gikuru wakuramo ku burwayi bwose bwatewe n’ibyabaye?

PTSD ni igisubizo gisanzwe ku mimerere idasanzwe. Ubwonko bwawe burakora ibyo butekereza ko bukwiye gukora kugira ngo bukurengere, nubwo ibyo bisubizo bitakikenewe.

Ikintu cy’ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko PTSD ikavurwa. Hamwe n’ubuvuzi bukwiye n’inkunga, abantu benshi bagaragaza iterambere rikomeye mu bimenyetso byabo n’imibereho yabo.

Gukira bisaba igihe, kandi si buri gihe ari ugutera imbere. Kwihangana kandi kwita ku buzima bwawe mu gihe ukomeza gukira. Wamaze kurenga ikintu kibi cyane, kandi hamwe n’ubufasha, ushobora kwiga kongera kubaho neza.

Gushaka ubufasha ni ikimenyetso cy’ubutwari, atari intege nke. Ukwiye kumva uri mu mutekano, uri amahoro, kandi uri hafi y’abantu n’ibikorwa bikubera ingenzi.

Ibibazo byakunda kubazwa ku burwayi bwose bwatewe n’ibyabaye

PTSD ishobora kuza nyuma y’imyaka myinshi ikintu cyabaye?

Yego, PTSD ishobora kuza nyuma y’amezi cyangwa imyaka ikintu cyabaye. Ibi bishobora kubaho igihe uhuye n’ibintu bikwibutsa ibyabaye, uhuye n’umuvuduko mwinshi, cyangwa igihe imimerere yawe y’ubuzima ihinduka mu buryo bugutera kumva utishoboye cyangwa utifuza inkunga.

PTSD isa n’igisubizo gisanzwe cy’umuvuduko ku kaga?

Oya, PTSD itandukanye n’igisubizo gisanzwe cy’umuvuduko. Nubwo buri wese yumva ubabaye nyuma y’akaga, ibimenyetso bya PTSD birakomeye, bikamara igihe kirekire kurusha ukwezi, kandi bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bwa buri munsi. Ibimenyetso bisanzwe by’umuvuduko bisanzwe bikira uko igihe gihita utabonye ubuvuzi bw’umwuga.

Abana bashobora kurwara PTSD?

Yego, abana bashobora kurwara PTSD, nubwo ibimenyetso byabo bishobora kuba bitandukanye n’iby’abakuze. Abana bashobora kwerekana ubushobozi buke, bagira inzozi mbi kenshi, bakora ibyabaye mu mikino, cyangwa bakaba abantu bakunda gufata abandi.

Nzahora numva ndi muzima nyuma yo kurwara PTSD?

Abantu benshi barwaye PTSD barakira kandi bakomeza kubaho neza. Nubwo ushobora guhora wibuka ibyabaye, ubuvuzi bushobora kugufasha gukora ku byabaye kugira ngo bitagikuganza mu buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi. “Ubuzima bwawe bushya” bushobora kuba butandukanye, ariko bugishobora kuba bufite icyo buvuze kandi bukaba bwiza.

PTSD ishobora gukira burundu?

Nubwo nta “gukira” gukurura kwibuka ibyabaye, PTSD ikavurwa cyane. Abantu benshi bagera ku gukira burundu, bisobanura ko batakijya mu byiciro byo kumenya PTSD. Nubwo hari ibimenyetso bimwe bisigara, bishobora kuba byoroshye cyane hamwe n’ubuvuzi bukwiye.