Diabete Mbere Y'Igihe

Umuntu wese arashobora kugira ikibazo cyo kudakora neza kwa insulin. By'umwihariko, abantu bafite ibiro byinshi bafite ibyago byinshi, ugereranije n'abaturage muri rusange. Ibyago byiyongera iyo umuntu afite amateka yo mu muryango wa diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa kabiri, afite imyaka irenga 45, akomoka muri Afurika, Amerika y'Amajyepfo cyangwa Amerika y'Abanyamerika, akunnye itabi, ndetse akanakoresha imiti imwe n'imwe, irimo imiti igabanya uburibwe, imiti yo mu mutwe, n'imiti yo kuvura virusi itera SIDA. Hariho ubundi burwayi bujyana no kudakora neza kwa insulin, nko gusinzira nabi, indwara y'umwijima, indwara ya polycystic ovarian syndrome, izwi kandi nka PCOS, indwara ya Cushing, n'indwara za lipodystrophy. Indwara za lipodystrophy ni indwara ziterwa no kubura ibinure mu buryo butari bwo. Kubwibyo, gutwara ibinure byinshi cyangwa bike mu mubiri bishobora guhuzwa no kudakora neza kwa insulin.

Niba muganga wawe abonye ibi bimenyetso, ashobora gukurikirana ibizamini by'umubiri n'ibizamini by'amaraso bitandukanye bipima urwego rwa glucose, cyangwa isukari, mu maraso yawe cyangwa uko umubiri wawe wihanganira iyo glucose. Cyangwa vuba aha, ikizamini cy'amaraso cyitwa hemoglobin glycosylated A1C, akenshi bivugwa gusa ko ari A1C.

Gusubiza uko insulin idakora neza no gukumira diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa kabiri bishoboka binyuze mu guhindura imibereho, imiti, cyangwa rimwe na rimwe byombi. Imibiri y'abantu ibasha kugira imiterere n'ubunini butandukanye. Kugabanya ibiro mu buryo bukabije bishobora kuba bibi kandi bikaba bigira ingaruka mbi. Ahubwo, menya ibitekerezo bya muganga cyangwa umuhanga mu mirire ku buryo bwo gushyira imbere ibiryo byiza nka imbuto, imboga, imyumbati, ibishyimbo, na poroteyine nke mu mafunguro yawe. Nanone, tekereza gushyiramo imyitozo ngororamubiri n'imyigire mu buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi mu buryo bukugiraho akamaro.

Prediabetes bivuze ko ufite urwego rwa glucose mu maraso rurenga urwego rusanzwe. Ntirurenga urwego rwo kwitwa diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa kabiri. Ariko, utabanje guhindura imibereho, abantu bakuru n'abana bafite prediabetes bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa kabiri.

Niba ufite prediabetes, ibibi bya diyabete mu gihe kirekire- cyane cyane ku mutima, imiyoboro y'amaraso n'impyiko- bishobora kuba byaratangiye. Ariko hari amakuru meza. Gutera imbere kuva kuri prediabetes kugeza kuri diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa kabiri ntibishoboka.

Kurya ibiryo byiza, gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri munsi no kuguma ufite ibiro bikwiye bishobora kugufasha gusubiza urwego rwa glucose mu maraso yawe ku rugero rusanzwe. Guhindura imibereho nk'ibyo bishobora gufasha gukumira diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa kabiri mu bantu bakuru bishobora kandi gufasha gusubiza urwego rwa glucose mu maraso y'abana ku rugero rusanzwe.

Ibisanzwe, imbaraga nke z'umubiri ntabwo zigira ibimenyetso cyangwa ibimenyetso. Kimwe mu bimenyetso bishoboka by'imbaraga nke z'umubiri ni umukara w'uruhu ku bice bimwe by'umubiri. Ibice byangizwa bishobora kuba harimo ijosi, ibitugu n'ingingo. Ibimenyetso n'ibimenyetso bisanzwe bigaragaza ko wavuye mu mbaraga nke z'umubiri ujya kuri diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 birimo: Umukama mwinshi Gusinda kenshi Inzara nyinshi Umunaniro Kubura neza Kwishima cyangwa gukorora mu birenge cyangwa mu ntoki Amazi menshi Ibikomere bikira buhoro Igihombo cy'uburemere kitateganijwe Reba umuvuzi wawe wita ku buzima niba uhangayikishijwe na diyabete cyangwa niba ubona ibimenyetso cyangwa ibimenyetso bya diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2. Baza umuvuzi wawe wita ku buzima ku bipimo by'isukari mu maraso niba ufite ibyago bya diyabete.

Jya kwa muganga niba uhangayikishijwe na diyabete cyangwa niba ubona ikimenyetso cyangwa ibimenyetso bya diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2. Baza muganga wawe kubyerekeye isuzuma ry'isukari mu maraso niba ufite ibyago byo kurwara diyabete.

Impamvu nyakuri itera imbaraga nke z'umubiri mu gukoresha isukari ntirazwi. Ariko amateka y'umuryango n'imiterere y'umuntu isa n'igira uruhare runini. Ikigaragara ni uko abantu bafite imbaraga nke z'umubiri mu gukoresha isukari badakoresha isukari (glucose) neza.

Ishami rinini rya glucose mu mubiri wawe rikomoka ku biribwa urya. Iyo ibiryo byasheshwe, isukari ijya mu maraso yawe. Insulin ituma isukari ijya mu mitsi yawe - kandi igabanya isukari iri mu maraso yawe.

Insulin ikorwa n'umusemburo uri inyuma y'igifu witwa pancreas. Pancreas yawe ituma insulin ijya mu maraso yawe igihe urya. Iyo urwego rw'isukari mu maraso yawe rutangiye kugabanuka, pancreas igabanya umuvuduko wo kohereza insulin mu maraso.

Iyo ufite imbaraga nke z'umubiri mu gukoresha isukari, uyu mucyo ntukora neza. Kubera iyo mpamvu, aho gukoresha imiti yawe, isukari ikusanyiriza mu maraso yawe. Ibi bishobora kubaho kubera:

• Pancreas yawe ishobora kutakura isukari ihagije
• Uturakare twawe turahangana na insulin kandi ntidukemura isukari ihagije

Imiterere imwe yongera ibyago byo kwibasirwa na diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 yongera kandi ibyago byo kwibasirwa na prediyabete. Ibyo bintu birimo:

• Urugero rw'umubyibuho. Kuba ufite umubyibuho ni kimwe mu bintu byongera ibyago byo kwibasirwa na prediyabete. Uko ufite umubyibuho mwinshi, cyane cyane mu nda no hagati y'imitsi n'uruhu rwo mu nda, ni ko uturemangingo twawe tugenda turushaho kudashobora kwakira insuline.
• Ingano y'inda. Iinda nini ishobora kugaragaza ko utarimo kwakira insuline neza. Ibyago byo kudakira insuline neza byiyongera ku bagabo bafite inda zirenga santimetero 102, no ku bagore bafite inda zirenga santimetero 89.
• Ibyo urya. Kurya inyama zitukura n'inyama zitunganyirijwe, no kunywa ibinyobwa birimo isukari nyinshi, bihujwe n'ibyago byiyongereye byo kwibasirwa na prediyabete.
• Ubutezererezi. Uko utagira umwanya wo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, ni ko ibyago byo kwibasirwa na prediyabete byiyongera.
• Imyaka. Nubwo diyabete ishobora kuza mu myaka yose, ibyago byo kwibasirwa na prediyabete byiyongera nyuma y'imyaka 35.
• Amateka y'umuryango. Ibyago byo kwibasirwa na prediyabete byiyongera niba ufite umubyeyi cyangwa umuvandimwe ufite diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2.
• Ubwoko cyangwa ubwoko bw'abantu. Nubwo bitaramenyekana impamvu, bamwe mu bantu — barimo abirabura, abahispanike, abanyamerika bakomoka mu Buhindi n'abanyamerika bakomoka muri Aziya — bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwibasirwa na prediyabete.
• Diyabete yo mu gihe cyo gutwita. Niba wari ufite diyabete mu gihe wari utwite (diyabete yo mu gihe cyo gutwita), wowe n'umwana wawe mufite ibyago byiyongereye byo kwibasirwa na prediyabete.
• Indwara ya polycystic ovary syndrome. Abagore bafite iyi ndwara isanzwe — irangwa no kudakira neza imihango, gukuraho ubwoya bwinshi no kugira umubyibuho — bafite ibyago byiyongereye byo kwibasirwa na prediyabete.
• Ibitotsi. Abantu barwara obstructive sleep apnea — indwara ibuza abantu gusinzira neza — bafite ibyago byiyongereye byo kudakira insuline neza. Abantu bafite umubyibuho cyangwa umubyibuho ukabije bafite ibyago byiyongereye byo kwibasirwa na obstructive sleep apnea.
• Umutontozi w'itabi. Kuvuza itabi bishobora kongera kudakira insuline neza kandi bishobora kongera ibyago byo kwibasirwa na diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 ku bantu bafite prediyabete. Kuvuza itabi kandi byongera ibyago byo kwibasirwa n'ingaruka za diyabete.

Izindi ndwara zihujwe n'ibyago byiyongereye byo kwibasirwa na prediyabete birimo:

• Urwego ruke rwa kolesterol nziza (HDL)
• Urwego rwinshi rwa triglycerides — ubwoko bw'amavuta ari mu maraso

Iyo zimwe mu ndwara ziboneka hamwe n'umubyibuho, zihujwe no kudakira insuline neza, kandi bishobora kongera ibyago byo kwibasirwa na diyabete — ndetse n'indwara z'umutima n'impanuka z'ubwonko. Guhuza ibintu bitatu cyangwa birenga muri ibi bintu bikunze kwitwa metabolic syndrome:

• Urwego ruke rwa HDL
• Triglycerides nyinshi
• Urwego rwinshi rw'isukari mu maraso
• Iinda nini

Ibiyago by'imbere bya diyabete bifitanye isano n'ibyangirika mu gihe kirekire, birimo umutima, imiyoboro y'amaraso n'impyiko, nubwo utarageze kuri diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2. Ibiyago by'imbere bya diyabete bifitanye isano kandi no gutera kw'umutima kutamenyekanye (cecetse). Ibiyago by'imbere bya diyabete bishobora guhinduka diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2, bishobora gutera:

• Cholesterol nyinshi
• Indwara z'umutima
• Impanuka z'ubwonko
• Indwara z'impyiko
• Kwangirika kw'imitsi
• Indwara y'umwijima ufite amavuta menshi
• Kwibasira amaso, harimo no kubura ubwenge
• Kubura amaboko n'amaguru

Guhitamo ubuzima buzira umuze bishobora kugufasha kwirinda ibibazo by'isukari mbere y'igihe ndetse n'iterambere ryabyo rigakubita kuri diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 - nubwo diyabete iba iri mu muryango wanyu. Ibi birimo:

• Kurya ibiryo byiza
• Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri
• Kugabanya ibiro birenze urugero
• Kudakora imyitozo ngororamubiri

Ihuriro ry’Abanyamerika rirwanya Diabete (ADA) riragira inama ko isuzuma rya diabete ku bantu bakuru benshi rigomba gutangira ku myaka 35. ADA iragira inama ko isuzuma rya diabete rikorwa mbere y’imyaka 35 niba uri umubyibuhe kandi ufite ibindi bintu byongerera ibyago bya prediabete cyangwa diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2.

Niba waragize diabete y’inda, umuganga wawe arashobora gusuzuma urugero rw’isukari mu maraso yawe byibuze rimwe buri myaka itatu.

Hariho ibizamini by’amaraso byinshi byo gusuzuma prediabete.

Iki kizamini kigaragaza urugero rwawe rw’isukari mu maraso mu mezi 2 cyangwa 3 ashize.

Muri rusange:

• Munsi ya 5.7% ni ibisanzwe
• Hagati ya 5.7% na 6.4% bipimwa nk’ibiyago bya prediabete
• 6.5% cyangwa hejuru mu bipimo bibiri bitandukanye bigaragaza diabete

Uburwayi bumwe na bumwe bushobora gutuma ikizamini cya A1C kidahwitse - nko mu gihe utwite cyangwa ufite ubwoko butasanzwe bwa hemoglobin.

Igipimo cy’amaraso gifatwa nyuma y’uko utameze ibyo kurya byibuze amasaha umunani cyangwa nijoro (wasonze).

• Munsi ya 100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L) ni ibisanzwe
• 100 kugeza kuri 125 mg/dL (5.6 kugeza kuri 6.9 mmol/L) bipimwa nk’ibiyago bya prediabete
• 126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L) cyangwa hejuru mu bipimo bibiri bitandukanye bipimwa nk’diabete

Iki kizamini ntikunzwe gukoreshwa ugereranyije n’ibindi, keretse mu gihe utwite. Uzakeneye gusonza nijoro hanyuma ukanywa amazi meza mu biro by’umuganga wawe cyangwa aho bapima amaraso. Urwego rw’isukari mu maraso rusuzumwa buri kanya mu masaha abiri akurikira.

Muri rusange:

• Munsi ya 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L) ni ibisanzwe
• 140 kugeza kuri 199 mg/dL (7.8 kugeza kuri 11.0 mmol/L) bihuye na prediabete
• 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) cyangwa hejuru nyuma y’amasaha abiri bigaragaza diabete

Niba ufite prediabete, umuganga wawe azasuzumira urwego rw’isukari mu maraso yawe byibuze rimwe mu mwaka.

Diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 iriyongera mu bana n’abangavu, bishobora guterwa no kwiyongera kw’ubunini mu bana.

ADA iragira inama ko isuzuma rya prediabete rikwiye gukorwa ku bana bafite umubyibuho cyangwa bafite umubyibuho ukabije kandi bafite kimwe cyangwa ibindi bintu byongerera ibyago bya diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2, nka:

• Amateka y’umuryango wa diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2
• Kuba ufite ubwoko cyangwa ubwoko bw’abantu bufite ibyago byiyongereye
• Kuremererwa nabi
• Kuba wavutse ku mubyeyi wari ufite diabete y’inda

Urugendo rw’urwego rw’isukari mu maraso rufatwa nk’ibisanzwe, prediabete na diabete ni kimwe ku bana n’abakuze.

Abana bafite prediabete bagomba gupimwa buri mwaka kugira ngo barebe diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 - cyangwa kenshi niba umwana ahinduye ibiro cyangwa agira ibimenyetso bya diabete, nko kwiyongera kw’inyota, kwiyongera kw’inkari, umunaniro cyangwa kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona neza.