Presbyopia ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n'Ubuvuzi

Presbyopia ni impinduka isanzwe y'ubuhanga bwo kubona bituma bigorana kubona ibintu biri hafi, nko gusoma igitabo cyangwa kureba kuri telefoni yawe. Si indwara cyangwa ikibazo cy'amaso ukwiye guhangayikishwa na cyo. Ahubwo, ni igice gisanzwe cyo gusaza gikora kuri buri wese, ubusanzwe gitangira mu myaka yawe 40.

Tekereza ko amaso yawe ari kugenda atakaza ubushobozi bwo guhindura ibintu byo kure n'ibyo hafi. Kimwe n'ibindi bice by'umubiri wawe bihinduka uko usaza, imbaraga zo gufata ibintu z'amaso yawe zigabanuka buhoro buhoro uko igihe gihita. Inkuru nziza ni uko presbyopia ishobora kuvurwa byoroshye hakoreshejwe ibyuma byo gusoma, amasaro, cyangwa ubundi buvuzi.

Presbyopia ni iki?

Presbyopia ibaho iyo lenti iri mu jisho ryawe iba idakomeye uko usaza. Lenti y'ijisho ryawe isanzwe ihindura isura kugira ngo igufashe gufata ibintu biri ku ntera zitandukanye. Iyo uri muto, iyi lenti iba yoroheye kandi ikomeye, ihinduka byoroshye kugira ngo igufashe kubona neza uba ureba ikintu kiri kure cyangwa usoma ikintu kiri hafi.

Uko usaza, lenti igenda ikomeza kandi itakaza ubukonje bwayo. Ibi bituma bigorana cyane ku jisho ryawe guhindura ibintu byo kure n'ibyo hafi. Ibyo bivamo ko imirimo yo hafi nko gusoma, kudoda, cyangwa gukoresha telefoni yawe biba bituje kandi bigoye.

Iyi ndwara ikora kuri buri wese uko asaza. Ni rusange cyane ku buryo abaganga b'amaso babona ko ari igice gisanzwe cyo gusaza aho kuba ikibazo cy'ubuhanga bwo kubona cyangwa indwara ikenewe 'gukira'.

Ibimenyetso bya presbyopia ni ibihe?

Ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi cya presbyopia ni ugukorana ikibazo cyo kubona ibintu neza biri hafi. Ushobora kubona ko ukeneye gufata ibitabo, amakarita, cyangwa telefoni yawe kure y'isura yawe kugira ngo ubisome neza.

Dore ibimenyetso bisanzwe ushobora guhura na byo:

• Kubona bituje igihe usoma cyangwa ukora imirimo yo hafi
• Guta ibintu byo gusoma ku kuboko kugira ngo ubisome neza
• Amaso yoroka cyangwa kunanirwa nyuma yo gusoma cyangwa gukora imirimo igoye
• Umutwe ubora nyuma yo gukora imirimo yo hafi igihe kirekire
• Gukorana ikibazo cyo kubona mu mwijima igihe usoma
• Gukorana ikibazo cyo kudoda amasaro cyangwa gukora indi mirimo igoye
• Guhinda amaso kugira ngo urebe amagambo mato neza

Ibi bimenyetso bisanzwe bigenda bigaragara buhoro buhoro mu myaka myinshi. Ushobora kubibona bwa mbere iyo unaniwe cyangwa uri mu mwijima muke. Abantu benshi batangira gutekereza ko bakeneye amatara meza cyangwa ko bafite 'umunsi mubi wo kubona'.

Ibimenyetso bigaragara cyane iyo uri guhindura uhereye kureba ikintu kiri kure hanyuma ugerageza gufata ikintu kiri hafi. Amaso yawe ashobora gukoresha igihe kirekire kugira ngo ahinduke, cyangwa ikintu kiri hafi gishobora kuguma kitumvikana uko waba ugerageza gufata.

Intandaro za presbyopia ni izihe?

Presbyopia iterwa n'impinduka zisanzwe muri lenti y'ijisho ryawe uko usaza. Lenti iri mu jisho ryawe ikorwa n'amazi na poroteyine zateguwe mu buryo bituma iba isobanutse kandi ikomeye igihe uri muto.

Impinduka nyinshi zijyanye n'imyaka zigira uruhare muri presbyopia:

• Lenti iba idakomeye kandi ikomeza uko igihe gihita
• Imitsi iri hafi ya lenti ishobora gutakaza imbaraga
• Lenti ikomeza gukura mu buzima bwawe bwose, ikaba ikomeza kandi idakomeye
• Poroteyine iri muri lenti ihindura imiterere, bituma bigorana kuri lenti guhindura isura

Izi mpinduka ziba kuri buri wese nk'igice cyo gusaza bisanzwe. Bitandukanye n'ibindi bibazo byo kubona bishobora guterwa n'imvune, indwara, cyangwa imyambarire, presbyopia ni ikizaba gusa amaso yawe asaza. Ni kimwe no kuba ingingo zawe zishobora gukomera cyangwa imisatsi yawe igasaza uko usaza.

Uyu mucyo ubusanzwe utangira mu myaka yawe 30 cyangwa 40, nubwo ushobora kutamenya ibimenyetso kugeza nyuma. Ku myaka 50, abantu benshi bafite presbyopia runaka, kandi ikomeza gutera imbere kugeza ku myaka 60 iyo isanzwe ihumura.

Ni ryari ukwiye kubona umuganga kubera presbyopia?

Ukwiye kubona umuganga w'amaso igihe utangiye kugira ikibazo cyo kubona hafi cyangwa ukamenya ibimenyetso byavuzwe haruguru. Nubwo presbyopia ari isanzwe, ni ingenzi gukora isuzuma ry'amaso kugira ngo hemezwe uburwayi kandi hakurikiranwe izindi ndwara.

Tegura gahunda yo kubona umuganga niba uhuye na:

• Impinduka zitunguranye mu kubona kwawe
• Kubabara amaso hamwe n'impinduka zo kubona
• Gukorana ikibazo cyo gukora imirimo yo hafi bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi
• Umutwe ubora kenshi igihe usoma cyangwa ukora imirimo igoye
• Gukorana ikibazo cyo kubona neza nubwo ufata ibintu ku kuboko

Ntugatege amatwi kugeza ibibazo byo kubona bigutera imbogamizi. Ubuvuzi bwa hafi bugufasha kubungabunga ubuzima bwawe kandi ukomeze kwishimira ibikorwa nko gusoma, kudoda, cyangwa gukoresha ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki neza.

Wibuke ko presbyopia isanzwe iba hamwe n'izindi ndwara z'amaso zijyanye n'imyaka. Isuzuma ry'amaso rirambuye rishobora kumenya ibibazo nka cataracte, glaucoma, cyangwa macular degeneration bishobora kuba bikeneye ubundi buvuzi.

Ibyago bya presbyopia ni ibihe?

Imyaka ni yo ntandaro y'ibyago bya presbyopia, kandi ikora kuri buri wese uko asaza. Ariko, hari ibintu bimwe bishobora kugira ingaruka ku gihe presbyopia itera cyangwa uburyo bwihuta itera.

Ibyago by'ingenzi birimo:

• Imyaka - presbyopia isanzwe itangira hagati y'imyaka 40-45
• Imiti imwe nka antidepressants, antihistamines, cyangwa diuretics
• Indwara nka diyabete, sclerosis nyinshi, cyangwa indwara z'umutima
• Kubagwa amaso mbere cyangwa imvune
• Gukoresha ibyuma byo gusoma igihe kirekire mu myaka mike

Bamwe bashobora kubona ibimenyetso bya presbyopia hakiri kare niba basanzwe bambara ibyuma byo kureba kure. Abandi bashobora kutamenya ko bafite presbyopia niba bafite amaso mabi, kuko gukuraho ibyuma byabo byo kureba kure bishobora kubafasha kubona ibintu biri hafi neza.

Nubwo utazibuza presbyopia itera, gusobanukirwa ibi byago bishobora kugufasha kwitegura izi mpinduka no gushaka ubuvuzi bukwiye igihe bikenewe.

Ingaruka zishoboka za presbyopia ni izihe?

Presbyopia ubwayo ntabwo itera ibibazo bikomeye by'ubuzima, ariko kuyireka itabonye ubuvuzi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mibereho yawe kandi bigatuma haba ibindi bibazo. Ikibazo nyamukuru ni uko bigira ingaruka ku bikorwa byawe bya buri munsi n'imibereho yawe muri rusange.

Ingaruka zishoboka ziterwa na presbyopia itabonye ubuvuzi harimo:

• Ibyago byiyongereye by'impanuka kubera kubona nabi hafi
• Amaso yoroka kandi ananirwa igihe kirekire
• Umutwe ubora kenshi kubera guhinda amaso cyangwa gukora imbaraga zo kubona
• Imbaraga z'ubuzima zigabanuka n'ikibazo cyo gukora ibikorwa byo kwidagadura cyangwa imirimo
• Kwikurura mu muryango niba gusoma cyangwa ibikorwa bigoye biba bigoye cyane

Izi ngaruka ziroroshye kwirinda hakoreshejwe kuvura neza uburyo bwo kubona. Abantu benshi basanga ibyuma byo gusoma, amasaro, cyangwa ubundi buvuzi bikemura burundu ibimenyetso bya presbyopia kandi bibafasha gusubira mu bikorwa byabo bisanzwe.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, abantu bashobora kugira ibibazo bikomeye by'amaso bifitanye isano na presbyopia. Niyo mpamvu isuzuma ry'amaso rya buri gihe ari ingenzi, cyane cyane uko usaza, kugira ngo umenye kandi uvure vuba izindi ndwara.

Presbyopia imenyekanwa gute?

Kumenya presbyopia bisaba isuzuma ry'amaso rirambuye hamwe n'umuganga w'amaso. Uyu mucyo ni woroshye kandi nta bubabare, ubusanzwe ukoresha iminota 30-60 kugira ngo urangire.

Umuganga wawe w'amaso azakora ibizamini bitandukanye:

1. Isuzuma ry'ubuhanga bwo kubona hakoreshejwe ikarita y'amaso kugira ngo urebe kure no hafi
2. Isuzuma ryo gufata kugira ngo umenye uburyo bukwiye ukeneye
3. Isuzuma ry'imitsi y'amaso kugira ngo hemezwe ko amaso yawe akorana neza
4. Isuzuma ry'uburyo bwo gutabara hakoreshejwe urumuri ruto
5. Kupima umuvuduko w'amaso kugira ngo urebe glaucoma
6. Isuzuma ry'amaso ryaguwe kugira ngo urebe imbere y'amaso yawe

Isuzuma ry'ingenzi rya presbyopia ni isuzuma ryo kubona hafi. Umuganga wawe azakubaza gusoma amagambo ku ntera zitandukanye kandi ashobora gukoresha lenti zitandukanye kugira ngo arebe izikufasha kubona neza hafi.

Mu gihe cy'isuzuma ryo gufata, umuganga wawe azashyira lenti zitandukanye imbere y'amaso yawe kandi akubaze izikuberaho kubona neza. Ibi bifasha kumenya imbaraga nyayo y'ibyuma byo gusoma cyangwa bifocals ukeneye.

Ubuvuzi bwa presbyopia ni buhe?

Ubuvuzi butandukanye bukorwa neza bushobora gukosora presbyopia kandi bugasubiza ubushobozi bwawe bwo kubona neza hafi. Igisubizo cyiza kuri wowe gishingiye ku mibereho yawe, ibindi bikenewe byo kubona, n'ibyifuzo byawe.

Ibintu bisanzwe byo kuvura birimo:

• Ibyuma byo gusoma - byoroshye, bihendutse, kandi bikora kuri benshi
• Ibyuma bya bifocal - bifite uburyo bubiri butandukanye mu lenti imwe
• Lenti zikomeza - zitanga impinduka nziza hagati yo kureba kure no hafi
• Amasaro ya multifocal - atanga ubworohezi nta byuma
• Amasaro ya monovision - ijisho rimwe rikosorwa kure, rimwe hafi

Kubantu bashaka ibisubizo birambye, uburyo bwo kubaga buhari:

• Ubuganga bwa LASIK buhinduwe kugira ngo bukosore presbyopia
• Ibisimbuzo bya lenti byo mu jisho bisimbura lenti yawe isanzwe
• Ibisimbuzo bya corneal bizamura kubona hafi
• Conductive keratoplasty ikoresha ingufu za radiofrequency

Abantu benshi batangira gukoresha ibyuma byo gusoma kuko byoroshye, bikora, kandi bihendutse. Ushobora kubigura no mu maduka menshi, nubwo uburyo bwo kuvura umuganga w'amaso buzakugira uburyo bwo kuvura neza.

Lenti zikomeza zikunzwe kuko zitanga kubona neza ku ntera zose nta murongo ugaragara bifocals ifite. Ariko, bishobora gufata igihe kugira ngo ukoreshe kandi bishobora kudakora neza kuri buri wese.

Uburyo bwo gucunga presbyopia murugo?

Nubwo utazivira presbyopia murugo, hari uburyo butandukanye bushobora kugufasha gucunga ibimenyetso kandi bugatuma ibikorwa bya buri munsi biba byoroshye. Ibi bintu bikora neza iyo byahujwe no kuvura neza uburyo bwo kubona ukomoka ku muganga wawe w'amaso.

Dore uburyo bwo gucunga murugo bufasha:

• Kumenya amatara ahagije igihe usoma cyangwa ukora imirimo yo hafi
• Gukoresha ibitabo, ibinyamakuru, cyangwa kongera ubunini bw'inyandiko kuri mudasobwa
• Guhagarika kenshi igihe ukora imirimo yo hafi kugira ngo uruhuke amaso
• Guta ibintu byo gusoma ku ntera ishimishije (ubusanzwe ku kuboko)
• Kubika ibyuma byo gusoma ahantu henshi hakorohereza
• Gukoresha ibyuma byo kwagura ibintu ku mirimo igoye cyane

Amatara meza ni ingenzi cyane kuko presbyopia isanzwe ituma bigorana kubona mu mwijima muke. Koresha amatara meza, y'uburebure igihe usoma, kandi utekereze kubona amatara yo ku meza yo gukora imirimo igoye.

Ibikoresho byinshi bya elegitoroniki ubu bifite ibintu byoroshya ibintu bishobora gufasha. Ushobora kongera ubunini bw'inyandiko kuri telefoni, tablete, na mudasobwa, cyangwa gukoresha ibintu byo kuvuga kugira ngo wandike igihe kwandika biba bigoye.

Uko wakwitegura ku gahunda yawe yo kubona umuganga?

Kwitegura ku gahunda yawe yo kubona umuganga bishobora kugufasha guhamya ko ubonye uburwayi bukwiye n'ibyifuzo byo kuvura. Gutegura gato mbere bizatuma uruzinduko rurangira vuba kandi rufite amakuru.

Mbere y'uruzinduko rwawe:

1. Andika ibimenyetso byose byo kubona wabonye n'igihe bibaho
2. Andika imiti yose n'ibindi bikoresho ukoresha
3. Zana ibyuma byawe bya none cyangwa amasaro
4. Tegura ibibazo ku bijyanye n'uburyo bwo kuvura n'ibikorwa by'ubuzima
5. Tegura uburyo bwo gutwara niba amaso yawe azagurwa
6. Kora amakuru ku mateka y'ubuzima bw'amaso mu muryango

Tekereza ku bikorwa byawe bya buri munsi n'ibyo bigira ingaruka ku mpinduka zo kubona. Aya makuru afasha umuganga wawe kugira ngo agira inama y'uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura ukeneye n'imibereho yawe.

Niba utekereza ku buryo bwo kubaga, tegura ibibazo ku byago, inyungu, igihe cyo gukira, n'ibiciro. Ntugatinye kubabaza icyo udasobanukiwe - umuganga wawe w'amaso ashaka ko uhawe amakuru ahagije ku byo ukeneye.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya cy'ingenzi kuri presbyopia?

Presbyopia ni igice gisanzwe cyo gusaza gikora kuri buri wese mu myaka 40 n'ibindi. Si indwara cyangwa ikibazo gikomeye, ahubwo ni impinduka isanzwe mu buryo amaso yawe afata uko usaza.

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko presbyopia ivurwa cyane. Uko waba uhisemo ibyuma byo gusoma, amasaro, cyangwa uburyo bwo kubaga, ushobora gukomeza kwishimira ibikorwa byawe byose ukunda bisaba kubona neza hafi.

Nturetse ibimenyetso bya presbyopia bikubabaza cyangwa bikagabanya ubuzima bwawe. Hamwe no kuvurwa neza, abantu benshi bahinduka vuba kandi bakomeza gusoma, gukora, no gukora ibikorwa byo kwidagadura neza. Ikintu nyamukuru ni ugukora isuzuma ry'amaso rya buri gihe no gukorana n'umuganga wawe w'amaso kugira ngo umenye igisubizo cyiza cy'ibyo ukeneye.

Ibibazo byakajya bibazwa kuri presbyopia

Presbyopia ishobora kwirindwa?

Ikibabaje ni uko presbyopia idashobora kwirindwa kuko ari igice gisanzwe cyo gusaza. Ariko, kubungabunga ubuzima bw'amaso muri rusange binyuze mu isuzuma rya buri gihe, kurinda izuba, no kurya indyo nzima bishobora gufasha kugabanya iterambere ryayo. Izi mpinduka muri lenti y'ijisho ryawe ziterwa na presbyopia ziba kuri buri wese uko asaza, bitabaye ibyo bikorwa.

Presbyopia izakomeza kuba mbi uko igihe gihita?

Presbyopia isanzwe itera imbere buhoro buhoro kuva mu myaka 40 kugeza ku myaka 60, iyo isanzwe ihumura. Ushobora kuba ukeneye ibyuma byo gusoma bikomeye cyangwa impinduka ku buryo bwawe bwo kuvura muri iki gihe. Nyuma y'imyaka 60, abantu benshi basanga presbyopia yabo itahindutse cyane, kandi uburyo bwabo bwo kuvura buguma buhagaze.

Nshobora kwambara ibyuma byo gusoma byo mu maduka aho kubona uburyo bwo kuvura?

Ibyuma byo gusoma byo mu maduka bishobora gukora neza kuri benshi, cyane cyane niba ukeneye kuvura uburyo bwo kubona kure. Ariko, ibyuma byo kuvura birakwiye kandi bishobora gufasha ibitandukanye hagati y'amaso yawe. Niba ufite astigmatism cyangwa ibindi bibazo byo kubona, lenti zo kuvura zizagira uburyo bwo kuvura bwiza kandi burambuye.

Ni ibisanzwe ko ibimenyetso bya presbyopia biba bibi iyo unaniwe?

Yego, ibimenyetso bya presbyopia bikunze kuba bibi iyo unaniwe, uhangayitse, cyangwa uri mu mwijima muke. Imitsi yawe y'amaso ikora cyane kugira ngo ifate igihe unaniwe, bituma bigorana kubona neza hafi. Ibi ni ibisanzwe kandi ni ikindi kintu kigaragaza impamvu amatara meza no guhagarika imirimo yo hafi ari ingenzi cyane.

Presbyopia ishobora kugira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwanjye bwo gutwara imodoka neza?

Presbyopia ikora cyane ku kubona hafi, bityo gutwara imodoka kure ntibikoraho. Ariko, ushobora kugira ikibazo cyo gusoma dashboard, GPS, cyangwa amakarita igihe utwara. Niba ukeneye bifocals cyangwa lenti zikomeza, hashobora kubaho igihe gito cyo guhindura. Itegeko ryose ni uko uburyo bwawe bwo kuvura bugezweho kandi utekereze kugira ibyuma byo gusoma by'ubufasha mu modoka yawe.