Ububyabe bw’Igishe (Udukoko tw’Igishe)? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n’Ubuvuzi

Ububyabe bw’igishe, busanzwe bwitwa “udukonko tw’igishe”, ni utudodo duto dutwara indwara tuba mu busahe bworoshye bw’umubiri, cyane cyane mu gice cy’igitsina. Aya madodo mato arya amaraso y’abantu kandi ashobora gutera guhumeka no kubabara, ariko avurwa neza kandi ntabwo ateza ibibazo bikomeye by’ubuzima.

Niba ufite iyi ndwara, menya ko igaragara kurenza uko ushobora kubitekereza. Nubwo bishobora gutera ipfunwe, ububyabe bw’igishe ni indwara isanzwe ivurwa neza igihe ivuwe uko bikwiye.

Ububyabe bw’igishe ni iki?

Ububyabe bw’igishe ni utudodo duto dufite ubunini bungana n’umutwe w’umusego, tubana mu misatsi yo mu gice cy’igitsina. Bita “udukonko” kuko amaboko yabo asa n’ay’ikikonko bibafasha gufata neza umusatsi.

Aya madodo atandukanye n’udukonko tw’umutwe n’utwo mu mubiri. Yaremewe kuba mu misatsi miremire iboneka mu gice cy’igitsina, nubwo rimwe na rimwe bishobora kwimukira mu bindi bice bifite umusatsi nk’uwo, nko mu maboko, ku gituza, cyangwa ndetse no mu ijisho n’imvi.

Udukoko dukuru dusanzwe ari umweru w’ibara ry’umuhondo cyangwa ibara ry’umukara. Dushyira amagi yabyo, twitwa “amatungo”, asa n’amagi mato y’umweru cyangwa y’umuhondo afatanye neza n’umusatsi hafi y’uruhu.

Ibimenyetso by’ububyabe bw’igishe ni ibihe?

Ikimenyetso cy’ingenzi cy’ububyabe bw’igishe ni guhumeka mu gice cy’igitsina, bikarushaho kuba bibi nijoro. Ibi bibaho kuko udukoko tuba gukora cyane igihe uri kuryamye kandi ubushyuhe bw’umubiri bugenda buzamuka gato.

Dore ibimenyetso by’ingenzi ushobora kugira:

• Guhumeka cyane mu gice cy’igitsina, cyane cyane nijoro
• Imicanga mito y’umutuku cyangwa y’ubururu ku ruhu aho udukoko bwamanywe
• Imicanga mito y’umukara cyangwa y’umutuku ku myenda y’imbere yavuye mu mwanda w’udukonko
• Udukoko cyangwa amatungo urabona afatanye n’umusatsi w’igitsina
• Ubushyuhe buke cyangwa kumva unaniwe (bitabaho kenshi)
• Uruhu rwakomeretse, rwabyimbye kubera gukorakorana

Bamwe babona imicanga mito y’umukara igenda mu musatsi wabo w’igitsina, abandi bashobora kubona amatungo mato y’umweru cyangwa y’umuhondo afatanye n’umusatsi umwe umwe. Guhumeka bishobora kuba bikomeye cyane bikabuza gusinzira cyangwa gukora imirimo ya buri munsi.

Mu bihe bitoroshye, niba udukoko twimukiye mu ijisho, ushobora kugira ijisho ribabara, ritukura, cyangwa ukumva hari ikintu kiri mu jisho ryawe. Ibi bisaba kwitabwaho byihariye kuko imiti isanzwe yo kuvura udukoko ntikwiye gukoreshwa hafi y’amaso.

Intandaro y’ububyabe bw’igishe ni iyihe?

Ububyabe bw’igishe bwandura ahanini binyuze mu mubano wa hafi, cyane cyane mu mibonano mpuzabitsina. Udukoko duturuka mu musatsi w’umuntu umwe ujya mu wundi mu gihe cy’imibonano mpuzabitsina kuko ntibashobora kuruka cyangwa kuguruka.

Kwandura binyuze mu mibonano mpuzabitsina ni bwo buryo bugaragara cyane aya madodo yandura. Ibi birimo uburyo ubwo aribwo bwose bw’imibonano mpuzabitsina aho ibice by’igitsina bihuza, atari imibonano mpuzabitsina gusa. Udukoko duturuka ku muntu umwe ujya ku wundi mu gihe cy’imibonano mpuzabitsina ya hafi.

Gake cyane, ushobora kwandura ububyabe bw’igishe binyuze mu kugabana ibintu bya buri munsi, nubwo ibi bitoroshye cyane kurusha uko abantu benshi babitekereza. Ibi bishobora kuba:

• Kugabana amasahani, cyane cyane ay’ubushuhe
• Gukoresha uburiri bumwe nyuma y’umuntu wanduye
• Kugabana imyenda, cyane cyane imyenda y’imbere
• Gukoresha ubwiherero nyuma y’umuntu ufite udukoko (bitabaho kenshi)

Ni byiza kumenya ko udukoko tw’igishe tudashobora kubaho igihe kirekire utari ku mubiri w’umuntu. Ubusanzwe dupfa mu masaha 24-48 utabonye amaraso, niyo mpamvu kuba byandura binyuze mu bintu bitabaho kenshi.

Kugira ububyabe bw’igishe ntibisobanura ko wowe cyangwa umukunzi wawe mutarinda isuku. Aya madodo ashobora kwandura umuntu uwo ari we wese uko yaba ameze kose, kuko ashaka ahantu hashyushye ho kuba no kurya.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera ububyabe bw’igishe?

Ukwiye kujya kwa muganga niba ubona guhumeka mu gice cy’igitsina, cyane cyane niba ubona udukoko duto cyangwa amatungo mu musatsi w’igitsina. Kubona ubuvuzi bukwiye bizatuma uhabwa ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Ni ngombwa cyane gushaka ubuvuzi niba ufite guhumeka bikomeye bikubuza gusinzira, ibimenyetso by’indwara y’uruhu kubera gukorakorana, cyangwa niba ubona udukoko cyangwa amatungo ku mvi cyangwa mu ijisho. Aya bice asaba uburyo bwihariye bwo kuvura.

Ukwiye kujya kwa muganga niba imiti igurwa mu maduka idakora nyuma yo kuyikurikiza neza. Rimwe na rimwe, ukeneye imiti ikomeye cyangwa hari undi muti uteza ibimenyetso.

Byongeye kandi, kubera ko udukoko tw’igishe ari indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gupimwa izindi ndwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina nk’uburyo bwo kwirinda.

Ibyago byo kwandura ububyabe bw’igishe ni ibihe?

Umuntu wese ukora imibonano mpuzabitsina ashobora kwandura ububyabe bw’igishe, ariko imimerere imwe n’imwe ishobora kongera amahirwe yo kwandura. Gusobanukirwa ibi bizagufasha gufata ibyemezo byiza bijyanye no kwirinda.

Ibyago by’ingenzi birimo:

• Kugira abakunzi benshi
• Kutamenya ubuzima bw’imyororokere bw’umukunzi wawe
• Gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina n’umuntu ufite ububyabe bw’igishe
• Kugabana ibintu bya buri munsi nka amasahani cyangwa uburiri
• Kuba mu hantu hacuze aho ibintu bya buri munsi bishobora kugabana

Imyaka ishobora kuba ikintu, kuko ububyabe bw’igishe bukunze kugaragara mu rubyiruko rukora imibonano mpuzabitsina. Ariko kandi, umuntu wese ashobora kubwandura uko yaba ameze kose, igitsina, cyangwa imyemerere y’imibonano mpuzabitsina.

Kugira ububyabe bw’igishe rimwe ntibikurinda. Ushobora kongera kukwandura niba uhuye nabyo, niyo mpamvu kuvura abakunzi bawe icyarimwe ari ingenzi.

Ingaruka zishoboka z’ububyabe bw’igishe ni izihe?

Inkuru nziza ni uko ububyabe bw’igishe gake cyane gatera ingaruka zikomeye. Ibibazo byinshi bibaho biterwa no gukorakorana cyane kuruta udukoko ubwayo.

Ingaruka zisanzwe zirimo:

• Indwara z’uruhu ziterwa na bagiteri kubera gukorakorana
• Udukoko cyangwa imirongo y’uruhu kubera gukorakorana buri gihe
• Kwimukira mu bindi bice by’umubiri bifite umusatsi miremire
• Kubura ibitotsi kubera guhumeka nijoro
• Umujinya cyangwa imihangayiko kubera iyi ndwara

Indwara ziterwa na bagiteri zishobora kuvuka igihe gukorakorana gutera ibikomere ku ruhu. Izi ndwara zishobora gusaba kuvurwa n’antibiyotike uretse kuvura udukoko.

Mu bihe bitoroshye cyane, niba udukoko twimukiye ku mvi, bishobora gutera ijisho ribabara cyangwa indwara z’amaso ntibitavuwe neza. Niyo mpamvu ari ingenzi kujya kwa muganga niba ubona udukoko hafi y’amaso.

Ububyabe bw’igishe bukwirindwa gute?

Uburyo bwiza bwo kwirinda ububyabe bw’igishe ni ukwirinda imibonano mpuzabitsina ya hafi n’abantu banduye. Kubera ko aya madodo yandura ahanini binyuze mu mibonano mpuzabitsina, gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina y’umutekano ishobora kugabanya cyane ibyago.

Dore ingamba z’ingenzi zo kwirinda:

• Kugabanya umubare w’abakunzi
• Kuganira neza n’abakunzi bawe ku buzima bw’imyororokere
• Kwima amatungo nka amasahani, imyenda y’imbere, cyangwa uburiri
• Koga no kumisha imyenda n’ibiribwa mu bushyuhe bwinshi niba hari uko byabaye
• Kujya gupimwa ubuzima bw’imyororokere buri gihe niba ukora imibonano mpuzabitsina

Niba umukunzi wawe afite ububyabe bw’igishe, wirinde imibonano mpuzabitsina kugeza wowe na we mwarangije kuvurwa kandi muganga akaba yabihamirije. Ibi birinda kuba byakwandura ukundi kandi bigafasha guhagarika ikwirakwira.

Gukoresha agakingirizo bishobora kugabanya ibyago by’indwara nyinshi zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina, ariko ntibirinda rwose ububyabe bw’igishe kuko aya madodo ashobora kuba ahantu hatakingiwe n’agakingirizo.

Ububyabe bw’igishe bupimwa gute?

Kumenya ububyabe bw’igishe ubusanzwe biroroshye kandi bishobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe isuzuma ry’amaso. Muganga wawe azashakisha udukoko dukuru, amatungo, cyangwa ibindi bimenyetso by’ubwandu mu musatsi w’igitsina.

Mu gihe cy’isuzuma, muganga azasuzumana ubwitonzi igice cy’igitsina n’ibindi bice bifite umusatsi miremire. Ashobora gukoresha ikirahure cyo kubona ibintu byinshi cyangwa umucyo wihariye kugira ngo abone neza udukoko duto n’amatungo.

Rimwe na rimwe muganga azakuraho umusatsi ufite amatungo kugira ngo awusuzuma kuri mikoroskopi. Ibi bifasha kwemeza uburwayi no guhakana izindi ndwara zishobora gutera ibimenyetso nk’ibyo.

Isuzuma riba rihuta kandi rioroshye. Muganga wawe ashobora kandi kugenzura ibindi bice aho udukoko bushobora kwimukira, nko mu maboko, ku gituza, cyangwa ndetse no mu ijisho niba waravuze ibimenyetso muri ayo bice.

Ubuvuzi bw’ububyabe bw’igishe ni buhe?

Ubuvuzi bw’ububyabe bw’igishe bugira ingaruka nziza kandi busanzwe burimo gushyira amavuta cyangwa ishampo y’imiti ku bice byanduye. Abantu benshi babona ko udukoko twabo twavuyeho neza igihe bavuwe uko bikwiye.

Imiti igurwa mu maduka irimo amavuta ya permethrin (1%) cyangwa ibintu byakozwe kuri pyrethrin. Ushyira iyi miti ku gice cyanduye, uyireke igihe cyagenwe (ubusanzwe iminota 10), hanyuma uyisukure neza n’amazi ashyushye.

Ku bijyanye n’imiti ivurwa na muganga, ashobora kugusaba:

• Amavuta ya permethrin akomeye (5%)
• Amavuta ya malathion ku gihe uburwayi budakira
• Ivermectin ku gihe uburwayi bwakwirakwira
• Ubuvuzi bwihariye bw’udukonko tw’amaso

Imiti myinshi igomba gusubirwamo nyuma y’iminsi 7-10 kugira ngo yice udukoko twavukiye vuba. Iki gihe ni ingenzi kuko imiti ntiyahora yica amagi, bityo kuvura kabiri bifata udukoko twavukiye nyuma yo kuvura bwa mbere.

Abakunzi bose bakoranye imibonano mpuzabitsina mu kwezi gushize bagomba kuvurwa icyarimwe, nubwo batagira ibimenyetso. Ibi birinda kwandura ukundi kandi bifasha guhagarika ikwirakwira.

Ububyabe bw’igishe buvugwaho gute mu rugo?

Nubwo ubuvuzi bwa muganga ari ngombwa mu gukuraho ububyabe bw’igishe, hari ibintu byinshi ushobora gukora mu rugo kugira ngo ufashe mu gukira no kwirinda kwandura ukundi.

Icya mbere, koga imyenda yose, uburiri, n’amasahani warikoresheje mu minsi mike ishize mu mazi ashyushye (byibuze 130°F) hanyuma uyumishe mu bushyuhe bwinshi byibuze iminota 20. Ibi bica udukoko cyangwa amatungo ashobora kuba kuri ibyo bintu.

Ku bintu bitashobora gukaraba, nka bimwe mu bintu byakozwe cyangwa ibikinisho byuzuye, ubishyire mu mifuka ya pulasitike ibyumweru bibiri. Kubera ko udukoko budashobora kubaho igihe kirekire budarya, ibi bibikuraho neza.

Koresha aspirateur ku buriri bwawe, ibintu byuzuye, n’ingando aho umara igihe. Nubwo kwandura binyuze kuri ibyo bintu bitabaho kenshi, ni intambwe nziza yo kwirinda.

Irinde gukorakorana uko bishoboka kose kugira ngo wirinde indwara z’uruhu. Urashobora gushyiraho ibintu bikonjesha cyangwa gufata imiti yo kurwanya guhumeka igurwa mu maduka kugira ngo ufashe mu guhangana no guhumeka hagati y’imiti.

Witegura gute mu gihe ugiye kwa muganga?

Kwitunganya mbere yo kujya kwa muganga bizafasha kwemeza ko ubonye ubuvuzi bukwiye kandi ubashe kubona ibisubizo by’ibibazo byawe byose. Andika ibimenyetso byawe n’igihe byatangiye, kuko ibi bifasha muganga wawe gusobanukirwa neza uko uhagaze.

Kora urutonde rw’imiti yose ukoresha ubu, harimo imiti igurwa mu maduka n’ibindi bintu. Imiti imwe ishobora guhangana n’imiti yo kuvura udukoko, bityo muganga wawe akeneye ayo makuru.

Tekereza ku mibonano mpuzabitsina ya vuba aha kandi witegure kubivuga uko biri. Aya makuru afasha muganga wawe kumenya igihe cy’ubwandu niba gupimwa izindi ndwara bishobora kugusabwa.

Tegura ibibazo ushaka kubaza, nko igihe kuvura bizamara, igihe ushobora gusubukura imibonano mpuzabitsina, cyangwa icyo wakora niba ibimenyetso bikomeza. Ntutigize ipfunwe ryo kubaza ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose gikubangamiye.

Tegura urutonde rw’abantu bo mu rugo cyangwa abakunzi bawe bashobora kuba bakeneye ubuvuzi. Muganga wawe ashobora kugufasha uko wakwitwara muri ibyo biganiro.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya cyane ku bubyabe bw’igishe

Ububyabe bw’igishe ni indwara isanzwe, ivurwa neza, ikora ku bantu benshi bakora imibonano mpuzabitsina. Nubwo bishobora gutera kubabara no gutera ipfunwe, bivurwa neza kandi ntibiteza ibibazo bikomeye by’ubuzima.

Ikintu cy’ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko kugira ububyabe bw’igishe ntibigaragaza isuku yawe cyangwa imico yawe. Aya madodo ashobora kwandura umuntu uwo ari we wese kandi ashaka ahantu hashyushye ho kuba no kurya.

Ukoresheje ubuvuzi bukwiye, abantu benshi baba batagifite udukoko mu cyumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri. Icyingenzi ni ugukurikiza amabwiriza y’ubuvuzi neza, kuvura abakunzi icyarimwe, no gufata ingamba zo kwirinda kwandura ukundi.

Niba ukekako ufite ububyabe bw’igishe, ntutinde gushaka ubuvuzi. Kuvurwa hakiri kare bituma ibintu birushaho koroshye kandi bifasha kwirinda ikwirakwira ry’uburwayi.

Ibibazo byakunda kubaza ku bubyabe bw’igishe

Washobora kwandura ububyabe bw’igishe ku bwiherero?

Ntibishoboka kwandura ububyabe bw’igishe ku bwiherero. Aya madodo ntiyashobora kubaho igihe kirekire utari ku mubiri w’umuntu kandi ntashobora kuruka cyangwa kuguruka. Kwandura bisaba buri gihe imibonano mpuzabitsina ya hafi, ahanini mu mibonano mpuzabitsina.

Udukoko tw’igishe tubaho gute utabonye umuntu?

Udukoko tw’igishe dushobora kubaho amasaha 24-48 gusa utari ku mubiri w’umuntu. Bakenera kurya amaraso buri gihe kugira ngo bakomeze kubaho, niyo mpamvu kwandura binyuze mu myenda cyangwa uburiri bitabaho kenshi keretse ibyo bintu bikoreshejwe vuba nyuma yo guhura n’umuntu wanduye.

Ububyabe bw’igishe bushobora kwimukira ku mutwe?

Ububyabe bw’igishe gake cyane bwimukira ku musatsi w’umutwe kuko yaremewe umusatsi miremire. Ariko kandi, rimwe na rimwe bishobora kwimukira mu bindi bice bifite umusatsi nk’uwo, nko mu maboko, ku gituza, ku mvi, cyangwa mu ijisho. Udukoko tw’umutwe n’utw’igitsina ni ubwoko butandukanye.

Ni byiza gucura umusatsi w’igitsina kugira ngo ukureho udukoko?

Gucura bishobora gufasha gukuraho udukoko n’amatungo, ariko si ubuvuzi bwuzuye. Udukoko tumwe na tumwe n’amatungo ashobora kuguma hafi y’uruhu, kandi ushobora kugira uburwayi bukomeye. Ubuvuzi bwa muganga buracyakenewe nubwo uhisemo gucura.

Nyuma y’igihe kihe ubuvuzi bumaze gukorwa, ushobora gusubukura imibonano mpuzabitsina?

Ukwiye gutegereza kugeza wowe n’umukunzi wawe mwarangije kuvurwa kandi muganga akaba yabihamirije. Ibi bisobanura gutegereza byibuze iminsi 7-10 nyuma yo kuvurwa bwa nyuma kugira ngo ube wizeye ko udukoko twose n’amatungo yavukiye vuba byavuyeho.